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A Survey of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Fauna in Maine: East Coastal and Eastern Interior Regi~Ns (1999-2000)

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A Survey of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Fauna in Maine: East Coastal and Eastern Interior Regi~Ns (1999-2000) I /,/ .; -I / ..\ " A Survey of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Fauna in Maine: East Coastal And Eastern Interior Regi~ns (1999-2000) A collaborative Project initiated by The Maine Department ofInland Fisheries And Wildlife and The Maine Natural Areas Program Project Supervision and Technical Editing by: 'Andrew P. Weilc, M.S., Phillip deMaynadier, Ph.D., And Thomas P. Hodgman, M.S., ·Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Wildlife ResQurce Assessment Section 650 State Street Bangor, ME 04401 11 May 2001 ] A Survey of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Fauna in Maine: East Coastal And Eastern Interior Regions (1999-2000) A collaborative Project initiated by The Maine Department of Inland Fisheries I] And Wildlife and The Maine Natural Areas Program 1 Project Supervision and Technical Editing by: Andrew P. Weik, M.S., Phillip deMaynadier, Ph;D., And Thomas P. Hodgman, M.S., Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife Wildlife Resource Assessment Section r I 650 State Street I1..,-, I Bangor, ME 04401 I 11 May 2001 j rLJ I [1 [. i LJ I ~ I This document should be cited as: Weik, A.P., P. deMaynadier, and T.P. Hodgman, editors. 2001. A Survey of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Fauna in Maine: East j Coastal and Eastern Interior Regions (1999-2000). Report of the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Bangor, Maine. 137 pp. j Example of a suggested citation for a chapter from this document: Todd, c., D. Welch, and T. Schaeffer. 2001. Bald eagle. Pp. 84-104 in A Survey of Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Fauna in Maine: East Coastal and Eastern Interior Regions (1999-2000) (A.P. Weik, P. deMaynadier, and T.P. Hodgman, eds.), Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, Bangor, Maine. I J CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................4 2; TOMAH MAyFLy ..............................................................................7 3. PEATLAND BUTTERFLIES .......................................................... , .... .20 4. PEATLAND DAMSELFLIES AND DRAGONFLIES ................................... 36 5. RIVERINE DAMSELFLIES AND DRAGONFLIES ................................... .42 6. FRESHWATER MUSSELS .................................................................. 73 7. BARROW'S GOLDENEYE ..................................................................76 8. BALD EAGLE ..................................................... "............................. 84 9. INLAND MARSH BIRDS ............................................... ~ .................. 105 10. GRASSLAND BIRDS ........................................................................ 116 11. SALTMARSH IRDS .......................................................................... 127 iJ I I LJ Surveys ofRare Fauna in Eastern Maine 1 j ABSTRACT The Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW) in collaboration with the 1 Maine Natural Areas Program has completed a survey of rare, threatened, and endangered plant and animal species and natural communities across the Central Interior (1997-1998), Midcoast (1998), Penobscot Bay (1998), East Coastal (1999), and Eastern Interior (1999) J ecological regions (Fig. 1). This report summarizes the results of rare animal surveys during the 1999 field season, which covered the East Coastal and Eastern Interior ,1 eceoregions. After reviewing historical records and known habitat relationships for rare fauna in these ecoregions, select species surveys were initiated including projects involving peatland and riverine dragonflies and damselflies (~20 Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern species), peatland butterflies and moths (six target species), mayflies (five target species), freshwater mussels (five target species), wetland birds (nine target species), grassland birds (five target species), Barrow's goldeneye, and bald eagle. In addition to reconfirming several historical records, the project successfully documented a total of39 (27 tracked) new occurrences of rare species from 24 municipalities across the ecoregions (Table 1). Results from this study significantly improve MDIFW's understanding of the ·1 I status and habitat relationships of several rare and potentially vulnerable animal species in eastern Maine. [ L f' ! I L_J r j U I I Surveys ofRare Fauna in Eastern Maine 2 ArC)PS:toC)K Lowlands +s ,] Eastern Lowlands ~astal Region lMidcIJa~)t Region Coastal Region Legend Ii!:~':;/'I Surveys Completed in 1997 and 1998 LJ Surveys Completed In 1999 [=:J Surveys Scheduled for 2000 1::>;>::::1 Surveys Proposed for 2001 Figure 1 A geoo-raDruc s,-.heduI" r,f ,~om1"')l~tcri an r1 ,....7'Clpf'\S~,.;: ""~'7.=.oi"na1 .;:,yrvey' ofM»iDa.(, biodiye~;tv by-the Maine D;artment-ofIn1~T}d-Fish~i;;~d '~;iidiiie ~~d'ili~-M;ine- N~turai .~~~ Pr~~. -_."' Surveys ofRare Fauna in Eastern Maine 3 Table 1. New site records for rare state-listed animals documented in Maine's East Coastal and -I Eastern Interior ecoregions during the 1999 field season. I j Species (common name) Township Ecoregion * Incisalia lanoraieensis (Bog Elfin) Whitneyville EC " " Marshfield EC " " TI9MDBPP EI " " T24MDBPP EI " " T24MDBPP EI " " T24MDBPP EI " . " Franklin EC " " Harrington EC " " TI9 ED BPP EI " " Charlotte EI " " Deblois EI Lycaeides idas (Crowberry Blue) Roque Bluffs EC " " Roque Bluffs EC " " Trescott EC " " Trescott EC " " Cutler EC " " Cutler EC " " Harrington EC " " Jonesport EC " " Jonesport EC- " " Jonesport EC Ophiogomphus anomalus (Extra-striped Snaketail) T31 MDBPP EI " " T31 MDBPP EI Williamsoniafletcheri (Ebony Boghaunter) T24MDBPP EI " " T24MDBPP EI Nasiaeschna pentacantha (Cyrano Darner) TIS ED BPP EI lschnura kellicotti (Lilypad Forktail) Eastbrook EI Somatochlora incurvata (Incurvate Emerald) TIS MDBPP EI " " TIS MD BPP EI " " TI9MDBPP EI " " Franklin EC " " TI6 MD BPP EI " " Baileyville EI Alasmidonta undulata (Triangle Floater) Aurora EI " " Mariaville EI Bartramia longicauda (Upland Sandpiper) Beddington EI " " Columbia EC " " TIS MD BPP EI lXobrychus exilis (Least Bittern) Whiting EC * EI ::= Eastern Interior, E~C = East Coastal biop'h~<5cal regions. ·j Surveys ofRare Fauna in Eastern Maine 4 1. INTRODUCTION Background and Rationale The Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife (MDIFW) has responsibility for managing and conserving the state's threatened and endangered wildlife resources. In particular, the 1976 Maine Endangered Species Act authorizes MDIFW to gather information about the distribution, abundance, and ecological requirements of endangered ,and threatened animal species throughout the state. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of MDIFW to synthesize information collected on individual rare animal species in an effort to f· ) design management programs that help contribute to recovery of endangered and threatened speCIes. Efficient and scientifically defensible species recovery strategies can only be implemented after basic field data has been collected on species distributions, relative abundance, and ) habitat associations. While limited resources have historically precluded the collection of essential baseline data for many nongame animal species, creative state (e.g. loon license plate, Outdoor Heritage Fund) and federal (e.g. EPA wetlands block grants, Oil Spill Fund) funding options recently have become available for the research and conservation of Maine's biological diversity. MDIFW has responded to this opportunity by collaborating with the Maine Natural Areas Program (MNAP) to initiate surveys of rare animals, plants, and natural communities throughout the state's 15 biophysical ecoregions (McMahon 1990). Maine's flora and fauna are ecologically interdependent components of natural ecosystems and thus collaboration between MNAP and MDIFW in this project is essential for providing a comprehensive assessment of Maine's terrestrial and wetland biodiversity .. The Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife and the Maine Natural Areaas Program began ecoregional surveys in 1997 with efforts in Maine's Central Interior region (deMaynadier 1997) This work continued in 1998 with further surveys of the Central Interior and new surveys in the Midcoast and Penobscot Bay regions (deMaynadier and Hodgman 1998), and was expanded further in 1999 with surveys in East Coastal and I,) Eastern Interior regions (Fig. 1). The East Coastal and Eastern Interior regions encompass [~ over two million acres, including the majority of Hancock and Washington Counties and a portion of Knox County, from the Penobscot River estuary in the west to the New Brunswick border in the east. Relatively little private or public conservation lands exist in Downeast Maine, and development activity, particularly along the coast, has the potential to significantly affect habitat quality for many of the region'S rare animals, plants, and unique natural communities. In addition to improving the state's scientific basis for assigning u conservation status (i.e. Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern) to rare species and communities, site-specific survey data from eastern Maine enhances the state's ability to conserve elements of natural diversity by working cooperatively with landowners, state agencies, local municipalities, local land trusts, and other conservation organizations . MDIFW Target Species Time and resource constraints for this project required that only the rarest animal species be targeted for field sHivey by :!'-1DIF\V.
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