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Panewsletter June 2020

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Panewsletter June 2020 PA Polio Survivors Network Information and Inspiration for All Polio Survivors and Their Families Serving the Keystone State and Beyond www.papolionetwork.org June 2020 Our Mission: To Be in Service Providing Information to Polio Survivors, Post Polio Support Groups, Survivor's Families and their Caregivers. With so much polio history front and center in our news, we found ourselves more and more curious about the “unsung” heroes of the eradication efforts. This month, we’re bringing you Part Two of our series: The Unsung Heroes of Polio Eradication. Like Dr(s) David Bodian and Isabelle Morgan, whose stories we told in our May issue, Dr. Alex Karanek, PhD and Dr. Julius Youngner ScD are less known but were truly instrumental in the creation and improvement of Jonas Salk’s famous vaccine. “At the Guelph Little Theatre (in Guelf, Ontario) you will frequently encounter a very affable gentleman, with a lovely British accent, making himself useful in any number of ways. He might be designing a soundscape (piecing together the music and sound effects that enhance a production), memorizing his lines and learning his blocking (he has an affinity for Shakespeare), or he might be just helping to slap on a coat of paint somewhere. His name? Alex Kanarek. As a young man, Alex lived in the United Kingdom and played a significant role in the eradication of the polio virus. After a long and fruitful career as a scientist, Alex now lives in Ontario and volunteers at Guelph Little Theatre. On the face of it, here’s a great guy and a lovely human being who likes few things better than to sit down at the Albion over a pint and share stories about that play he did. When one reads an article from the CBC News, you discover that he’s made a place for himself in history like few others.” (1) . We’ve heard stories about Dr. Julius Youngner, but never truly read and learned about him. His significant contributions to the effort behind the Salk Vaccine are well documented. What’s new is the discovery that as a child, he was often very ill with viral infections. As a young man, drafted into the US Army he was (unknowingly) assigned to the top secret, historically significant research team that was named the “Manhattan Project”. His incredible life experiences led to his passion to learning about viruses. There were multiple interviews prior to his death in 2017. His wisdom and experience has a direct application to what the world is experiencing today. There will be “unsung” heroes in the COVID19 journey. Only time will tell how long it takes their stories to be told. We are happy to bring you our first Q & A with Primary Care Physician Dr. Marny Eulberg, MD. We asked you to send us questions for her, and that you did! This month, she addresses the ability (or lack thereof) to breathe in a face mask along with the potential side effect of “brain fog” with the use of Melatonin. How many Neurons am I Losing as I age? We have a Bruno Byte Tidbit from Dr. Richard L. Bruno, HD, PhD that can help answer that question. How Many Neurons Am I Losing As I Age? A Bruno Byte “Tidbit” From Dr. Richard L. Bruno, HD, PhD Director, International Centre for Polio Education Question: My leg muscle weakness seems to be increasing faster as I get older. I read that polio survivors lose 7% of muscle strength each year. How do I stop losing strength? Answer: PPS symptoms on their own don't increase more quickly as you get older, but, two things do happen over time: 1) Everyone over the age of 60 loses 1% of their motor neurons each year, not 1% of their muscle strength. A study by Dr. Alan McComas of untreated polio survivors (untreated meaning that they did not slow down, use braces, crutches or wheelchairs) found that they lost as much as 14% of their remaining MOTOR NEURONS (7% each year) over the two years of his study. 2) Some polio survivors will ignore muscle weakness for years and so do get weaker over time. One of our Post-Polio Institute studies found that polio survivors who applied our “conserve to preserve” protocol closer to the beginning of their symptoms had less muscle weakness, fatigue and pain after treatment than those who waited to be treated. Bottom Line: Treating PPS sooner is better than later because symptoms will increase if you don't treat them. Some polio survivors will ignore PPS symptoms until they "need" an assistive device. Unfortunately by then it's too late because the motor neurons have died a natural or unnatural death. The Encyclopedia of Polio and Post-Polio Sequelae contains all of Dr. Richard Bruno’s articles, monographs, commentaries and “Bruno Bytes” https://www.papolionetwork.org/encyclopedia.html Are you looking for a specific topic? The Encyclopedia Index (By Subject) is available by clicking HERE 2 Dr. Alex Kanarek, PhD “As a young man, Alex lived in the United Kingdom and played a significant role in the eradication of the polio virus. Alex earned his PhD in Virology from the University of Cambridge. In 1954, at the age of 24, he was hired by the Burroughs Wellcome company to develop an effective and efficient method of mass producing the polio vaccine.” (1)(3) “Sixty years after he helped mass produce the polio vaccine in England, a Rockwood, Ont. man is celebrating news from the World Health Organization that the disease could soon be a thing of the past.” (2) Dr. Alex Kanarek, PhD In February, 2018, Alex Kanarek “came across a WHO statement that said we are ‘closer to polio eradication than ever before’.” As a result, he wrote the following message: “The WHO announced that polio is (soon to be) eradicated from the world, just like smallpox. Why it means a lot to me is that in 1958, the British government started vaccinations against polio with vaccine manufactured by two British companies, Glaxo and Burroughs Wellcome. I was a member of the Wellcome team that developed and produced that vaccine. That year I moved into a brand new laboratory to take charge of the chemical processing that ensured that the polio viruses were completely killed and made safe for the vaccine. For me, that was the most important job I had in the whole of my career. We changed over to the sugar-lump live vaccine in 1961, but in those three years I made enough vaccine to prevent polio in about 3 million kids. Nothing I have done since can match that in terms of my direct effect on children's health.” (4) Kanarek's story began in 1954, when he was hired by Burroughs Wellcome to find a way to produce enough polio vaccine to vaccinate all the children in the United Kingdom. American medical researcher Jonas Salk had just announced that his vaccine against polio worked, but no one knew how to make the vaccine on a large scale. It soon became obvious that the methods that we were using were not going to be adequate," Kanarek told CBC News. "Until then, people had been working with test tubes and little bottles, you see what I mean? We were now talking about 100 litres (26+ gallon) tanks." What needed to happen, Kanarek said, is that the process of manufacturing vaccines needed to be industrialized, and it fell to him and his small team of scientists and technicians to sort out what that would look like. "We were learning on the job," he said. "Every day we had another problem to solve, and that was the exciting part.“ (2) 3 Continued . Unsung Heroes – Alex Kanarek (continued . .) “The live polio virus used for the vaccine came from Connaught Laboratories in Toronto, Kanarek said, and while that formula was shared with British laboratories, scientists were left on their own to develop the actual vaccine. ‘There was a lot of trade secrets in it,’ Kanarek said. He was hired by Burroughs, Wellcome Laboratory and got to work with two other scientists and six laboratory assistants to develop a safe and effective inactivated vaccine. ‘We split the job into three parts,’ Kanarek said. ‘Grow the virus, process it to make vaccine and test it.’ He was in charge of processing the vaccine. ‘What I had to do was take … (a blood bottle), I had hundreds of these, and I would put 500 ml of virus in a bottle, I would add chemicals, I would warm it up and I would take samples to see how … the virus was being killed and we would test those samples for live virus, residual virus and we would test them when they were all gone for how it would immunize,’ he said. It took three years before the three scientists found a vaccine that would produce the antibodies that would kill the polio virus. In the end, Kanarek helped to design a three-story building on the Burroughs Wellcome campus in Beckenham, just south of London, where the polio vaccine was produced. When the building opened in 1958, a local newspaper ran this photo of Kanarek and one of his technicians standing beside one of the stainless-steal mixing tanks he designed. When the reporters left the building, Kanarek said the real work began. They closed the doors, fired up the system and started producing the vaccine.” (3) “In those tanks I processed 138 lots successfully of polio virus, he said.” “138 lots were grown and … purified, inactivated and used to make vaccine.
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