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8- U 1-1 YO BEFORE Pennsylvania SPECIAL PENNSYLVANIA EDITION 2021
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Public Convenience • Lowering the potential for service disruptions Reducing the Risk: • Reducing traffic disruptions The Benefits of Using Subsurface Utility Engineering • Allows for cost savings for taxpayers and businesses (SUE) for Project Owners Safety • Reduction in legal and litigation costs, as Project owners, have you ever had a project Subsurface Utility Data, CI/ASCE 38-02. well as fees and penalties run amok? Have you encountered unfore- Quality Levels C and D are the least effec- • Reduction in the need for environmental seen conflicts, unexpected utility reloca- tive and are often inaccurate due to outdated restoration tions, damaged facilities or even injuries? maps and changing underground conditions. • Reduction in personal injury and utility What if instead there was a process Quality Level B is more accurate, yet the ac- restoration costs where you could see reduced damages and curacy is dependent upon soil conditions, By accurately obtaining underground infor- eliminate unforeseen conflict, all while quality equipment, and the skill level of the mation through the use of SUE, project owners lowering project costs? professional utility locators. Quality Level A can expect to lower overall project costs. Those The good news is there is a practice that is preferred because it is the most accurate and lowered costs can be quantified in many areas has these benefits and many more. can provide the biggest reduction in risk. including administrative costs, engineering Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE) is During project planning different levels costs, a reduction in environmental issues and defined by the American Society of Civil En- of SUE should be applied to the engineer- more efficient construction and design. gineers (ASCE) as “a branch of engineering ing/design process. Common Ground Alliance Best Prac- practice that involves managing certain risks tices recommends using SUE, and it associated with utility mapping at appropriate is also part of Pennsylvania’s Under- quality levels, utility coordination, utility re- A Preferred SUE Process ground Utility Line Protection Act location design and coordination, utility con- (UULPA) aka the PA One Call Law. Project Preliminary dition assessment, communication of utility Planning Design Final Design Construction Under PA One Call Law project own- data to concerned parties, utility relocation ers are responsible for utilizing suf- cost estimates, implementation of utility ac- Quality Levels Quality Level Quality Level ficient quality levels of SUE for any commodation policies and utility design.” C and D B A project exceeding $400,000.
There are four quality levels of SUE. Existing Subsurface Test holes and To assist underground stakehold- Quality Level D is considered the least records. Geophysical related utility ers with managing their projects and methods. data. accurate and is the least detailed level. This Visible above- the associated SUE data, Pennsylvania ground utility Surveying. level uses utility records, such as drawings, features. 811 has a free web-based application notes, other paper records and maps, as well RESOURCE: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) called Coordinate PA (CPA). CPA is as verbal recollections. an application that helps project own- Quality Level C includes a survey of ex- Studies from the Pennsylvania Depart- ers coordinate their projects with other isting underground utilities, including utility ment of Transportation (2007) and from project owners, designers, excavators, and line indicators such as manholes, poles and Purdue University prepared for the Federal facility owners. The goal is to help maximize valves. This information is then combined Highway Administration (1999) show that the benefits of shared costs and much more; with the information found in Level D. project owners can expect to see numerous combined with the ongoing efforts to pre- Quality Level B utilizes the utilities’ po- benefits by using sufficient quality levels of vent damage to underground facilities. CPA sition, using surveying methods which are SUE. First and foremost of these would be enables users to add and/or import existing then included into a map or drawing to in- increased safety on a worksite. projects, coordinate opportunities with oth- dicate their location. The benefits of SUE can be broken down ers who want to collaborate, communicate StandardQuality of Level Care A provides the highest lev- into four categories. with designated contacts, and notify facility el of accuracy. Sometimes known as “locat- Design owners at any stage of a project. CPA also is The America Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has developed an ing,”important it isstandard the most of care detailedguideline, Standard level of Guidance SUE for and the • Calculation of lower project bids the repository for underground stakeholders isCollection a visual and verificationDepiction of Existing of Subsurfacethe position, Utility Data, depth, • Cost savings by using digital transfer of to house and share their project information CI/ASCE 38-02. material and conditions. survey data and SUE data. “Daylight” expose air vacuum, • Using more accurate utility data to To learn more, please contact your lo- A Most Accurate surveyed and plotted reduce the need for redesign and cal Damage Prevention Liaison for assis- B Field Locate unnecessary utility relocation tance. You can find their contact informa- C Eyeball in the Field Least Accurate Construction tion at www.pa1call.org/liaisons. You may D Paper records and maps RESOURCE: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) • Eliminating project delays also go to www.pa1call.org/events to find ASCE has developed an important stan- • Savings in risk management and a schedule of free trainings. ESG dard of care guideline, Standard Guidance insurance costs for the Collection and Depiction of Existing • Reduced right-of-way acquisition costs By Allison Evanitz and Erika Dominick
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM I PENNSYLVANIA 811
SAFETYfor Every Excavation, Every FIRSTPerson, Every Day!
Every construction company will tell you appropriate level of SUE for that workplace safety is their number one their projects. Pennsylvania priority. You have either heard or read many 811 recommends that engi- companies’ safety messages, i.e. Do not neers and designers use the think because an accident hasn’t happened highest level of SUE, which is to you that it can’t happen; Carefulness Quality Level A. Quality Level costs you nothing; Carelessness may cost A provides the highest level of you your life; Safety isn’t expensive, it’s accuracy. It involves locating priceless; Safety doesn’t happen by accident; or potholing utilities as well Safety is our No. 1 Priority; and Safety is as activities in quality levels No Accident. B, C, and D. The located fa- In the underground excavation world, you cility information is surveyed often hear safety tag lines like, Call 811 so and mapped, and the data pro- you don’t have to Call 911; Know what’s be- vides precise plan and profile low Call 811 Before you dig; 811 The easi- information. est call you’ll ever make on the job; Don’t If everything is correct, the dig your way into trouble, always call 811; next step to ensure a safe ex- and many more. These safety messages are cavation project is to have a the reminders that you always need to put Preconstruction/Complex Project meeting. the meeting. To help facilitate having the safety first on any job you are doing. But, do In Pennsylvania, any Complex Project must meeting and documenting the minutes, companies always practice what they preach? have a Preconstruction/Complex Project Pennsylvania 811 has a web-based applica- It is one thing to talk about safety, it is an- meeting. A Complex Project is defined as tion that manages Complex Projects called other thing to be about safety. Is there a way “any excavation project that involves more Coordinate PA (CPA). CPA is used to assist to ensure that your company’s safety mes- than properly can be described in a single in the collaboration and coordination on sage is being practiced at Every Excavation, locate request or any project designated as Complex Projects. CPA enables users to add by Every Person, Every Day? Yes, there is a such by the excavator or facility owner as a and/or import existing projects, coordinate way to ensure compliance to your company’s consequence of its complexity or its poten- opportunities with others who want to col- safety policy on excavation projects. tial to cause significant disruption to lines or laborate, share project communications with When you are beginning any under- facilities and the public, including excava- designated contacts and notify facility own- ground excavation project, the first step for tions that require scheduling locates over an ers at any stage of a project. CPA also helps the project manager is to ensure that your extended time frame.” The Preconstruction/ project owners coordinate their Complex project has followed applicable federal, state Complex Project meeting is the perfect op- Projects with other project owners, design- and local laws and ordinances. This may portunity for the project owner, the con- ers, excavators, and facility owners. include getting proper rights-of-way and tractor/excavator, and the facility owners to CPA helps maximize the benefits of all applicable permits. You, as the project discuss the project in its entirety together. shared costs and much more. CPA also al- manager, need to review all the drawings This meeting also allows the underground lows seamless transition of an underground and engineering blueprints to see the loca- facility owners to work with the contrac- Complex Project from the Project Owner to tion of existing underground facilities. If tor/excavator to create a mutually agreeable Designer for the design phase of the project; you see discrepancies, omissions or errors locate schedule for the project. Plus, the and from the Designer to the Excavator for in the design plan, the project manager Preconstruction/Complex Project meeting the construction phase of the project. needs to go back to the designer to resolve eliminates any confusion between the con- At this point, as the project owner or before moving forward. This may include tractor/excavator and the existing under- contractor/excavator, you have taken all the doing a higher level of Subsurface Utility ground facility owners on the scope of the recommended steps to ensure your excava- Engineering (SUE). It is the responsibility project. The meeting should be documented tion project is ready to go. Now it is time to of the engineer or designer to choose the with what was discussed and who attended begin the excavation process.
II EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Imagine it is the first day on your under- Again, the construction manager should safety check on Every Excavation, with ground excavation project. The equipment is document that the meeting was held, and all Every Person, and do it Every Day! there, and you have all of the necessary mate- employees should initial a sign-in sheet that Yes, to ensure that everyone is working rial and personnel ready to go. What is your they participated in the pre-excavation meet- safely, you must conduct the pre-excavation first safety step? Common Ground Alliance ing. There are many pre-excavation templates safety check Every Day and with Every Person Best Practices dictates that you have a safety online for construction managers to use. The before starting your daily work. In some cases, meeting with everyone involved on the proj- Excavation Safety Guide also provides a safety you may need to conduct a pre-excavation ect before excavating. What is discussed at Pre-Excavation Checklist to use before every ex- meeting at the beginning of the workday and this safety meeting? You, as the construction cavation. It is also important to stress that during mid-day, too. This mid-day meeting may be manager, should review and document the the safety meeting, everyone on the project has needed if something on the job changes dur- job tasks that are to be accomplished for that the ability to stop work if they see a safety con- ing the day or if an employee highlights a particular day. As the construction manager, cern. To create the right safety culture for your safety concern that needs to be addressed. you not only need to review the tasks that company, this power must be given to every em- Following the practice of Safety First for are going to be done, but you also need to ployee working on the project. Some call this a Every Excavation, Every Person, Every Day review all the safety protocols for each task. “peer-to-peer safety check,” and others use the will ensure that you have documented ac- This would include ensuring everyone on the term “safety stop” or “timeout.” Regardless of knowledgement that your employees are job knows what utilities’ locations have been the language used, the idea is if you see a safety aware of all the safety protocols for your ex- identified and marked out; where emergency issue, you as an employee are now empowered to cavation project. It also ensures that Every rescue equipment is located; reminders of stop the work activities so the safety concern can Day your employees are on the job, they are protocols that should be followed if someone be addressed immediately. focused on their job tasks before the start of gets injured; results of any potential hazard- Doing a pre-excavation safety check on the day and are aware of all the safety pro- ous gases that were tested prior to excavation; Every Excavation is clearly a best practice tocols associated with those tasks. ESG inspection of shoring systems if trench exca- that construction companies should use, vation is involved; and ensuring that proper but to strengthen your company’s safety Written by Norman L. Parrish Manager – traffic control is in place. culture you must do your pre-excavation Education Pennsylvania 811.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM III PENNSYLVANIA 811
7. Document everything discussed (whether agreed to or not). 8. Provide maps, drawings or any other The Preconstruction information to assist with the project. 9. Discuss your project from start to finish, from all types of surveys - environmental, Meeting architectural, etc., temporary work sites, access roads, construction, restoration and – One Size Does Not Fit All everything in between. 10. Agreement on the scope of a ticket should be established. As with most things in life, one 11. Discuss marking the excavation size does not fit all. This is also with white paint, flags or other true for preconstruction meet- marking products. ings for underground excava- 12. Discuss phases of tion. Pennsylvania’s Underground construction. Utility Line Protection Act 13. Find out the details – final (UULPA), i.e. Pennsylvania One design, permits and right of way Call Law, states that any excava- agreements. tion that involves more work than 14. If possible, walk or drive properly can be described in a down the project area. single locate request must be des- 15. Upload the project documen- ignated a Complex Project. With tation to CPA after the meeting. a Complex Project, the stakehold- 16. Within 90 days of the pre- ers should hold a preconstruction meeting. for underground stakeholders to house their construction meeting, the excavator should The preconstruction meeting is a scheduled project information and store documents input the routine excavation notices. If past event held by either the excavator, designer, from their preconstruction meetings. 90 days, a new complex project and meeting project owner or facility owner prior to the The prerequisites for using CPA are a is required within the same CPA project. commencement of excavation or demolition valid sign-in on PA One Call’s website work in a complex project. and Web Ticket Entry access. Web Ticket In conclusion, plan ahead to coordinate a suc- Underground stakeholders may have dif- Entry requires the user to watch a video and cessful preconstruction meeting to meet the ferent preconstruction meeting needs de- pass a short quiz in order to gain access to needs of the underground stakeholders and pending on how large their project is and the application. to have a successful project. Have as many whether or not they are using Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 811 recommends that stake- quality preconstruction meetings as neces- 811’s Complex Project process. In addition, holders use the checklist below for conduct- sary to make sure project information is com- no matter how large your project is, you ing a Preconstruction Meeting: municated to everyone involved. If you need should always use the Common Ground help with CPA and setting up a preconstruc- Alliance (CGA) recommended practices 1. Confirm your Complex Project ticket tion meeting, consult your local Damage of the 4 C’s – Communicate, Collaborate, was placed no less than 10 business days Prevention Liaison. We are glad to assist. Coordinate and Cooperate. and no more than 90 business days before Finally, Pennsylvania 811 has free train- To assist underground stakeholders construction. ing to help you learn how to use CPA. To with managing their complex projects, 2. Hold preconstruction meeting 3-20 learn more about CPA, please contact your Pennsylvania 811 created a free web-based business days before construction. local Damage Prevent Liaison for assis- application called Coordinate PA (CPA) 3. Excavator establishes the date, time and tance. You can find their contact informa- that helps project owners coordinate on place of the meeting in close proximity tion at www.pa1call.org/liaisons. You may their projects with other project owners, to the project work location. Electronic also go to www.pa1call.org/events to find a designers, excavators and facility owners. meetings are also acceptable. schedule of free trainings. The goal is to help maximize the benefits 4. Excavator is responsible for notifying the Additional information on Pennsylvania of shared costs and much more, combined Project Owner and Designer of the meeting. 811’s Complex Projects policy, CGA with ongoing efforts to prevent damage to 5. Sign – in sheet link: Best Practices, UULPA (i.e. ACT 287, as underground facilities. CPA enables us- https://mapping.pa1call.org/CPATicket/doc- amended), and the User Guide is available ers to add and/or import existing projects, uments/ComplexProject_SigninSheet.pdf at www.pa1call.org/resourcelibrary. ESG provide opportunities to others wishing to 6. Meeting notes link: collaborate, communicate with designated https://mapping.pa1call.org/CPATicket/ By: Maria A. White and Kirk P. contacts and notify facility owners at any documents/ComplexProject_ Kirkpatrick, PA One Call Damage stage of a project. CPA is also the repository MeetingNotes.pdf Prevention Liaisons
IV EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Users
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8- U 1-1 YO BEFORE Pennsylvania
Call Before You Dig! www.paonecall.org CONTENTS VII DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY XVI SECTION VIII - RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE EXCAVATOR VII INTRODUCTION XVIII SECTION IX - RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE VII SECTION I - ODDS ARE YOU COULD BE MOVING PROJECT OWNER MORE THAN EARTH XVIII SECTION X - ENFORCEMENT AND REPORTING VII SECTION II - WHO AND WHEN TO NOTIFY THE ALLEGED VIOLATIONS ONE CALL SYSTEM XIX SECTION XI - TAMPERING WITH MARKS VIII SECTION III - TYPES OF NOTIFICATIONS HAN- DLED XIX SECTION XII - WEBSITE TOOLS BY PA ONE CALL XX Appendix A -Terminology IX SECTION IV - GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING A XX Appendix B – The KARL System LOCATE REQUEST XXIII Appendix C – The Statute XIII SECTION V - WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE XXXII Appendix D – APWA/CGA Best Practices for NOTIFICATION IS MADE Temporary Markings XIII SECTION VI - RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE 60 Contact Us FACILITY OWNER REFERENCES: XVI SECTION VII - RESPONSIBILITIES OF www.pa1call.org www.FHWA.dot.gov THE DESIGNER www.puc.pa.gov www.commongroundalliance.com www.apwa.net http://www.nastt.org/
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DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY represented throughout the legislative process. SECTION II - This Guide has been prepared as an educational This Guide has been prepared to assist you WHO AND WHEN TO NOTIFY THE ONE document for excavators, designers, operators, in preparing your own operating procedures to CALL SYSTEM project owners, and facility owners. It is in- comply with the Act, and to protect yourself and tended as a reference tool for interacting with those you work with. It also provides insight Notifications are referred to as Locate requests, the Pennsylvania One Call System, (“POCS”). into what you can expect to encounter under- dig notices, and tickets. It is also intended to explain in a general way ground. It is our hope to provide you with in- The Act; OSHA Standard 1926.651 (re- the requirements provided for in Pennsylvania’s formation to assist you in developing your own vised in 1990 and clarified in 2004); the Federal Underground Utility Line Protection Law, Act policy and procedures to guard against dangers PIPES Act of 2016, protecting underground liq- 287 of 1974, as amended by Act 50 of 2017 (the and situations of working underground. uid (CFR 49 Part 195) and natural gas (CFR “Act”). It is strongly recommended that all indi- In addition to this Guide please reference 49 Part 192.614) pipelines; and the National viduals who regularly contact POCS review the the latest version of the Common Ground Electric Safety Code, ANSI C-2 (revised in Act and this Guide. Familiarity with its con- Alliance (CGA) Best Practices. The Law specif- 2016); require anyone who engages in any type tents will be valuable, but the Guide is meant to ically requires your best efforts to comply with of excavation or demolition work to provide ad- clarify and explain the law according to POCS’ the CGA standards. vance notice. (See the Act for the definition of understanding of how it affects interaction with excavation or demolition work.) POCS. This Guide is not a substitute for the SECTION I - Act and it does not relieve anyone from dis- ODDS ARE YOU COULD BE MOVING Who should notify the One Call System? charging their responsibilities as set forth in the MORE THAN EARTH • For excavation work, the person perform- Act or as otherwise required by law. ing the excavation must make the notification. This Guide and the reproduction of the Damage prevention is a shared responsibility. If the work is subcontracted, the subcontractor Pennsylvania Underground Utility Line Communication between stakeholders is the key should make the notification. The only party Protection Law are provided solely as a con- to ensuring safety and protecting vital facilities. protected by the notification is the person who venience for the person or persons requesting Free-flow communication and cooperation al- notifies. it, and are not to be used as legal reference lows all parties to focus on the common goals • A homeowner should notify the One Call documents. Every effort has been made for safety and damage prevention. System only if they are performing the excava- to reproduce the applicable sections of the Virtually anywhere you need to dig, there tion work themselves. A homeowner should not Pennsylvania Underground Utility Line are probably underground facilities somewhere place a notification on behalf of their excavator Protection Law. However, neither POCS nor in the vicinity. Growing networks of telephone because the excavator will not be protected by any officer, director, employee, or agent of the cables, power lines, and cable TV lines are join- the notification. above-named entity, makes any representations ing the gas, water, sewer and petroleum pipes. • For demolition work, the person perform- nor warranties, express or implied, as to the ac- The odds of an excavator moving something be- ing the demolition must make the notification. curacy of this publication. POCS assumes no sides dirt are growing every day. Even if you If the work is subcontracted, the subcontractor responsibility for the acts or conduct of any see overhead lines that doesn’t rule out the exis- should make the notification. The only party user of this Guide. Neither POCS nor any of- tence of buried power, television or telephone fa- protected by the notification is the person who ficer, director, employee or agent shall have any cilities. Many utility companies have long-term notifies. liability for any damage (including, without programs to weatherproof their plant by putting • Designers who work on project plans that limitation, indirect or consequential damages) it underground. Both aerial and underground include a work operation which involves the to any person or property resulting from the facilities may be in use during transitions. Some movement of earth with powered equipment as use of this Guide or reliance on any informa- areas have overhead main lines with buried ser- part of the project must place the notification. tion contained herein. vices going to the homes and other buildings. • Project Owners, who or which engages the This Guide has a copyright. POCS rec- Even water-filled ditches and streams may have contractor for construction on any project which ommends and gives its permission for duplica- underground utilities in or under them. A ditch requires excavation or demolition work should tion of this Guide. Additional copies may be may have been dry when utilities were buried. ensure their designers and excavators notify the obtained from POCS or copied from its web A stream may have been diverted. Even “open one call system. site at www.paonecall.org. The contents of this country” may conceal buried utilities. Large Guide are subject to change without notice. pipelines and high capacity cables are especially When should you notify the One Call System? The web site will be updated as soon as pos- expensive to place, so utilities often cut across • Designers are obligated to notify “not less sible after changes are made and approved by country to reduce total miles for these major in- than ten nor more than ninety business days be- the Board of Directors. If there are any ques- stallations. There are buried utilities located in fore final design is to be completed”. tions you may call 1-800-248-1786 or use the most road rights of way. Buried utilities are also – Designers may also choose to notify more home page. found along property lines and between lots and than ninety business days in advance if they serve any building located on a lot. state that the work is preliminary. INTRODUCTION Damage to buried utilities most often oc- • Excavators (including homeowners) are ob- The Pennsylvania One Call System Board pro- curs when excavators do not call for utility lo- ligated to notify “not less than three nor more vides this Guide for the participants of the cations before they dig. In many cases, utilities than ten business days in advance of beginning Act to help clarify the responsibilities of each are damaged even after notification has been excavation or demolition work”, unless the proj- of the parties under the provisions of the law. made and utility locations clearly marked. ect is complex, then additional requirements Over 3,600 facility owners participate in the That’s usually because some excavators do apply. Complex project notices require ten busi- Pennsylvania One Call System currently, and a not know the procedures for safely excavating ness days notice. 35 member Board of Directors represents each around the buried facilities. See section 5(4) of of the industries involved in subsurface activ- the Underground Utility Line Protection Act, “Business day” means any day except a ity. All of the public utilities, public works, pipe or “Act” (PA 73 P. S. § 176 et. seq.) for excava- Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday prescribed line, telecommunications, the Commonwealth, tor requirements. by statute. A business day begins at 12:00:00 construction and design industries were a.m. and ends at 11:59:59 p.m.
VI EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Example of calculating the three business comply with the provisions in Section 4 of the by Section 5 clause (8). It is most often best day notice for excavation: Act. The Design Notice is meant to allow the to evacuate the immediate area. Local emer- – The notice is made on Monday. designer to plan the new work around existing gency contact information should be at the job – The first business day is Tuesday. facilities as the Act prescribes. The informa- site with the crew at all times where they have – The second business day is Wednesday. tion provided should cover the entire scope of access to it, along with a map or directions to – Excavation work can commence on the the plan or development with enough detail to the nearest emergency care facility. third business day which is Thursday. allow the facility owners to provide the approxi- Damage notices can be the only notification • For a notification made on Thursday, the earli- mate locations of their lines in the proposed received by the one call system of active exca- est lawful start date for when excavation can com- work area. Digging is not permitted on a de- vation activity. Facility owners should respond mence is the following Tuesday. (The first business sign notification. to damage notices in the same manner as other day is Friday, Saturday is not a business day, Sunday emergency notifications. is not a business day, Monday is the second business There are two types of design notices: day and Tuesday is the third business day.) • Odor of Gas Notice – POCS accepts non- – A legal holiday (defined below) may add one • Final Design Notice: Those planning work excavation related calls from those who smell or two business days between the notification that disturbs the earth are required to notify natural gas. A notification is created and is im- date and the date excavation can commence. POCS not less than 10, nor more than 90 busi- mediately sent to the gas companies registered ness days in advance of the final design. to receive such notices. Facility owners should To facilitate timely and accurate mark-outs of respond to odor of gas notices in the same man- the work site before you excavate, the maximum • Preliminary Design Notice: Designers ner as other emergency notifications. Locate request size is 1000 feet, or intersection may request line and facility information more to intersection, whichever is greater, along the than ninety days before final design is to be • No One Call Notice – POCS accepts noti- same road, within the same political subdivision. completed, however, they shall state in their re- fication from third parties who are not perform- Base your notifications on the resources you plan quirements that such work is preliminary. ing excavation work, but witness excavation to use and the time of year (near term weather) work occurring and no physical markings are for each date such information is provided to the The designer is required to send plans to the visible at or near the work site. Prior to process- system. All excavators, including subcontractors involved Facility Owners for mark up when ing a No One Call, the CSR performs a search should make their own notification. requested. PA One Call can assist with this of tickets created within the last 90 days to con- The Act states that the person doing the process through its drawing exchange process, firm no existing valid notification was created work shall make the notification/call. The only where plans and responses can be shared elec- for the site. Facility owners should respond to party protected by the notification is the caller. tronically. Once the facility owners have re- no one call notices in the same manner as other PA One Call System is open 24 hours a day sponded, the designer shall add their facility emergency notifications. every day of the year. Pursuant to Sections 221 information to the drawing before the final de- and 709 (e.1) of The Administrative Code of sign is approved. • Potential Cross Bore Notice – When in- 1929, the Executive Board has determined that As a designer, you are required to add the stalling new utility lines in urban and suburban the administrative offices of State Government one call serial number and the 1-800-242-1776 areas, utility providers typically dig horizontally shall be closed on the following holidays for the or 8-1-1 number to the plan before you forward underground, using a trenchless boring tech- purpose of transacting public business: it to the involved facility owners. nique that avoids damage to sidewalks and land- scapes. In the process, a new utility line may New Year’s Day 2. EMERGENCY NOTICES be unintentionally bored through a sewer pipe. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day • Emergency Notice - An emergency is de- Over time, a cross bore in a sewer pipe will cause President’s Day fined by Section 1 of the Act as “a sudden or a blockage. When a plumber or sewer operator Memorial Day unforeseen occurrence involving a clear and im- plans to clear a clogged drain, he can notify the Independence Day mediate danger to life, property and the envi- One Call System, and a ticket will be created Labor Day ronment, including, but not limited to, serious and immediately sent to all facility owners in Columbus Day breaks or defects in a facility owner’s lines.” the area. Cross bores most often occur through Veteran’s Day When declaring an emergency excavation, sewer lines, but can be found in other types of Thanksgiving Day excavators are required to describe the nature of lines and structures. Facility owners should re- Day after Thanksgiving the emergency within the Locate request. Once spond to potential cross bore notices in the same Christmas Day complete, the ticket will be queued for imme- manner as other emergency notifications. diate transmission. Facility owners should re- Utility Cross Bore definition: An intersec- SECTION III - spond as soon as practicable following receipt of tion of an existing underground utility or under- TYPES OF NOTIFICATIONS HANDLED notification from the One Call System. ground structure by a second utility resulting in BY PA ONE CALL direct contact between the transactions of the • Damage Report Notice - When a facility is utilities that compromises the integrity of either There are several variations to the excavation no- damaged the notice is generally considered an utility or underground structure. tifications, covered in detail in Section IV of this emergency to that facility owner and other fa- document. Each variation can be used to solve cility owners in close proximity to the damage. 3. ROUTINE LOCATE unique situations or problems. If a line is damaged during excavation, call the REQUEST NOTICE The following is a brief explanation of each One Call System or the facility owner immedi- Notification for excavation work shall be made type of notification taken by Pennsylvania One ately. Report the details and particulars once not less than 3 business days nor more than Call System, Inc. (POCS): the work site is safe. 10 business days prior to commencing exca- If the damage results in the escape of any vation work starting the day the notification 1. DESIGN NOTICE flammable, toxic or corrosive gas or liquid which is received. Each Locate request must clearly Any drawing that is prepared for an excava- endangers life, health, or property, immediately identify the work site (See Section IV). When tion requires a Design Notification that must notify 911 and the facility owner, as required exact site information cannot be provided, use
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM VII PENNSYLVANIA 811
white paint to outline the proposed excavation facility owner with facilities at the work site time to create routine excavation locate re- site. The Locate request shall be limited to the may request a meeting with the excavator, and a quests with the required 3 business day notice. area described in the notification and the maxi- meeting shall be held between the facility owner Excavation may begin 10 business days follow- mum Locate request size is 1000 feet, or in- and the excavator. After commencement of ex- ing creation of the complex project request. tersection to intersection, whichever is greater, cavation or demolition work, the excavator shall Changes in the scope or duration of the along the same road, within the same political be responsible for protecting and preserving the work require a new notification under the Act. subdivision. Facility owners should respond to staking, marking or other designation until no A working relationship should be established routine locate request notices by the response longer required for proper and safe excavation between the excavator and the facility owner due date. or demolition work at or near the underground representatives to reduce confusion at the work facility or by contacting the One Call System site. Emergency phone numbers and contacts 4. DEMOLITION NOTICE to request that the facilities be marked again in should be identified for notifications of prob- Notification for demolition work shall be not the event that the previous markings have been lems, delays, or changes in the mark out plan. less than 3 business days nor more than 10 compromised or eliminated.” At the conclusion of the meeting, it is rec- business days prior to commencing demoli- And Section 5 clause (3.1) states: “To com- ommended that the excavator update the com- tion work starting the day the notification is re- ply with the requirements by the One Call plex project web portal to include the contact ceived. Caution: Demolition work may require System as determined by the board of directors information of all attendees. It is in the best more advance clearance from the facility owner regarding the maximum area that a notification interest of all involved parties for the excavator if their service lines need to be disconnected. may cover.” to upload pertinent documents such as project You also may need a permit for the work. The Excavators must make complex project no- plans or meeting minutes for reference purposes. One Call notification should not be considered tices via the One Call System complex project Excavation notices must be made after the notice under any circumstance other than the web portal. complex project preconstruction meeting and shall Act. You must follow all local codes as a part The process starts with creation of a complex be launched from the complex project web portal, of your compliance with the Act. Final billing project request. The area covered by the work so the software can associate the excavation tickets and disconnect of the lines attached to the struc- must be reasonably described within the complex with the complex project. At least one excavation ture must be secured directly with the involved project request so the one call center can notify Locate request must be made. The scope of work service provider. Facility owners should respond the proper facility owners, and so the facility on the Locate request must conform to the agree- to demolition notices by the response due date. owners can assess the potential impact, and ac- ment reached during the preconstruction meeting. curately respond with their meeting intentions. This will determine how many locate requests are 5. COMPLEX PROJECT NOTICE If, in the opinion of the excavator, a meet- necessary, and the timing for creating each excava- The Act defines complex project as: “Complex ing is not necessary, he shall indicate this in the tion Locate request. project means an excavation that involves more complex project request to give the involved fa- Locate request notices created outside of the work than properly can be described in a single cility owners the opportunity to request an in- complex project web portal which exceed the locate request or any project designated as such by dividual meeting with the excavator. maximum routine Locate request notification the excavator or facility owner as a consequence The meeting can be in person or held elec- area of 1000 feet or intersection to intersection, of its complexity or its potential to cause signifi- tronically. If in person, a time and place for the on the same street, within the same political cant disruption to lines or facilities and the pub- meeting with any necessary directions shall be subdivision, could be considered complex proj- lic, including excavations that require scheduling included in the request; if electronically, the par- ects by some facility owners. If so, the facil- locates over an extended time frame.” ticipation instructions shall be included. The ity owner will notify the excavator that they are And in Section 5, clause (2.1), the last sen- excavator should prepare for the meeting by hav- designating the project complex, in which case, tence states: “In the case of a complex project, ing a competent person present with drawings the excavator must meet with the facility owner notification shall not be less than ten business depicting the proposed work site and schedule and attempt to reach a mutually agreeable locate days in advance of the beginning of excavation for the execution of the work. When an excava- schedule, to which both parties will adhere. or demolition work.” tor schedules a meeting, the Act requires facility In the event a single facility owner deems And Section 5 clause (3) states: “In a com- owners to participate. It is recommended that the work complex to them, that facility owner plex project or if an excavator intends to perform the excavator document those who attended the assumes the responsibility of executing the exca- work at multiple sites or over a large area, to meeting, minutes taken, and distribute to at- vator meeting responsibilities contained within take reasonable steps to work with facility own- tendees of the work site meeting. this document. ers, including scheduling and conducting a pre- During the meeting, the entire scope of the “Large/Complex Project” is also included construction meeting, so that they may locate project should be defined, plans reviewed, proj- in the Common Ground Alliance (CGA) Best their facilities at a time reasonably in advance ect phases determined, and the locate schedule Practices, which are incorporated by reference in of the actual start of excavation or demolition be agreed upon so a plan can be formed to en- Act 287, as amended. Refer to chapter and sec- work for each phase of the work. A preconstruc- sure that the necessary markings will take place tions: 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 2-8, 3-14, 3-29, 4-11, 4-14, tion meeting may take place at any time prior to in advance of excavation as the job progresses 4-17, 4-22, 5-4, 5-5, 5-6, 5-14, 5-23, 5-28, 6-18, the commencement of excavation or demolition through each area of work. The excavator and and in the Glossary. work, and the excavator, facility owners and de- facility owners participating in the meeting may signer, or their agents, shall attend the meeting. collectively agree on a maximum area for exca- SECTION IV - Notice of the meeting shall be given sufficiently vation notifications throughout the project that GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING A in advance so as to permit attendance, either in differs from the standard scope of ticket. This LOCATE REQUEST person or electronically, by the excavator, facil- scope of ticket in a complex project agreement ity owners and designer, or their agents, and must be unanimous. The facility owner is obli- When initiating a Locate request, Section 5 shall include information sufficient to identify gated to propose mutually agreeable scheduling clause (2.2) of the Act requires each excavator: the scope of work. If the excavator does not by which the excavator and facility owner may “To provide the One Call System with exact in- believe that a preconstruction meeting is nec- locate the facilities. formation to identify the work site so that fa- essary under the circumstances of this clause it Excavators should hold the meeting on or cility owners might provide indications of their shall indicate such belief in its notice, but any before business day 7, to allow the excavator lines. An excavator shall be deemed to have
VIII EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 met the obligations of clause (2.1) if he calls the 1. Telephone Number & Extension: solicited to determine if the work is taking place One Call System, provides the work site and The telephone number, including the area code, in the intersection or between two intersections. other required information, and receives a se- of the excavating company, design firm, or rial number.” homeowner placing the call. 12. Site Marked in White? And Section 5 clause (11): “To use the color Indicate by yes or no whether the proposed white to mark a proposed excavation work site 2. Caller Name: route or boundary of the work site had been when exact work site information cannot be (or Web Ticket Entry User name) marked in white. This field is not included for provided.” The caller’s name is taken in order to maintain design notifications. We encourage excavators to visit the work records of what person placed the locate request. site prior to placing a notification to outline NOTE: If an exact location cannot be given, it is re- their exact proposed work site in white, to assist 3. Company: quired that the proposed route or boundary of the work the locator in marking only the area where the The name of the company for whom the caller site be marked in white. Excavators should delineate work will take place. works. For homeowners placing their own the work site with 12 inch dashed white paint lines “If, after receiving information from the Locate requests, this field will contain the name to avoid confusion with color codes used by facility One Call System or directly from a facility of the caller. owners (see Section V of this document). Marking owner, an excavator decides to change the loca- the work site in white will provide locators with an tion, scope or duration of a proposed excavation, 4. Address, City, State, Zip: accurate picture of the proposed excavation area, the obligations imposed by this section [Section The mailing address of the company is recorded helps the locators complete the work and provides 5] shall apply to the new location.” and stored as part of the Locate request. the excavator with the needed information, and prevents over marking. Over marking is a problem ANNUAL FEE 5. Caller Email Address: (or Web Ticket because in some areas, neighbors can get upset if the Section 3 clause (f.1) states: “An excavator, Entry User Email Address) marks appear to be graffiti. designer or operator who proposes to com- The caller or web ticket entry user will be mence excavation or demolition work and re- emailed a copy of the Locate request ticket. In 13. Location Information: quests information from the One Call System addition, facility owners are required to respond Clarifying information to specify the exact lo- shall pay to the One Call System an annual back to the One Call System for all notifica- cation of the dig. Include measurements and fee for the service provided by the One Call tions, and the One Call System will collect and directional (N, S, E, W or variants) from known System under section 3. The fee shall be set email the responses to the caller. points, such as the curb line, street, structure, by the One Call System board of directors property line, or fence. If working on private and shall be used to offset a portion of the 6. Caller Fax: property, note whether working in the front, operating costs of the One Call System and Needed when an email address cannot be pro- rear, left, right or all sides. If known or visible, a portion of the operation costs levied on the vided. A dedicated fax line is recommended. include utility pedestal or pole numbers, high- One Call System’s political subdivision and way or railroad mile markers, landmark names, municipal authority members. Failure to pay Description of the Work Site: (fields 7-16) permanent pipeline marker identifiers, etc. You the fee shall constitute a violation of this act 7. Count y: can also provide directions from the nearest and shall subject the excavator, designer or The name of the county in which the work will town, or major intersection. Give as much de- operator to the enforcement authority of the be performed is required. scriptive information as you can to help the fa- commission for this nonpayment.” cility owners and the locator find the site. The annual fee will be charged on the first 8. Municipality: notification each calendar year. The name of the municipality in which the work 14. Subdivision: will be performed is also required. The name of the subdivision, housing develop- LOCATE REQUEST CREATION Ward: If the work is taking place in Allentown, ment or building complex where the work will When calling in notifications, POCS Customer Erie, Pittsburgh, or Philadelphia, the voting take place will be entered, if applicable. Service Representatives (CSRs) are trained to ward of the site is also required. obtain specific information concerning locate 15. Latitude and Longitude Coordinates: requests. All telephone calls are recorded and 9. Street # & Street Name: Provide the GPS coordinates of the location, if kept for five years. Each question asked has a Name of the street and/or route number. Please available. purpose. This section will provide a brief expla- use the exact address numbers, directional (N, nation of the reason for each question. S, E, W, etc.), and the street suffix (ST, RD, CT, 16. Type of Work Being Done: Locate request processing is more efficient AVE, LN, WY, etc.). Facility Owners need to know the specific reason if the caller is prepared to answer all questions. for the excavation, demolition, or design work to The best way to prepare for a call is to visit the 10. Nearest Intersection: help them evaluate the possible impact on their website www.paonecall.org. Name of the nearest intersecting street or route underground assets. Be as specific as possible. Excavators, Designers, Project Owners and (within reasonable distance of the work site). For example, “installing a sanitary sewer lateral” Facility Owners can submit Locate requests is much more helpful than “digging a sewer line”. via the website with valid log in credentials. 11. Second Intersection/Nearest Main Road: Homeowners working on their own property The name of the second street if the work site Formatted information based on specific notifi- may submit single address Locate requests via is between two streets. If not working between cation types is also included here. the website without logging in. Whichever in- two streets, the field can also be used to hold the put method is chosen, questions will be asked to nearest major intersection name, especially if the Demolition notice: the value will begin with the complete specific data fields. nearest intersection is a new or unnamed road. word DEMOLITION-. Directions and other clarifying information will Field Definitions: be typed into location information so the facil- Damage notice: the notice is qualified and Information about the company making the ity owner knows which type of data has been will begin with the word DAMAGE- or Locate request: (fields 1-6) entered in this field. Additional information is EXPOSED-, followed by the facility type detail
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM IX PENNSYLVANIA 811
provided by the excavator. “project owner” means any person who or which other field, or exceeded a field size, can be -en engages an excavator for construction or any tered here. Odor of Gas: the value will display ODOR OF other project which requires excavation or de- GAS. molition work. Formatted information based on specific notifi- cation types is also included here. No One Call: the value will display NO ONE 23. Onsite Contact: CALL The name of the person at the work site with Demolition notices: Because disconnect of lines knowledge about the work being done, who a attached to a structure being demolished must Cross Bore: the value will display POTENTIAL locator can speak with, or a facility owner can be secured directly with the utility, the excavator CROSS BORE make direct contact with when clarification is is asked if they contacted utilities. needed about the Locate request. If yes, Remarks will display: CALLER HAS Specific qualifiers are added to the work site in- CONTACTED UTILITIES DIRECTLY FOR formation: (fields 17-21) 24. Onsite Contact Phone Number DISCONNECTS/METER REMOVAL. and Extension: If no, Remarks will display: CALLER HAS 17. Working in: Provide the telephone number of the onsite BEEN ADVISED TO TELL PROPERTY Identify if the work will take place in the street, contact, including the area code. This number OWNER TO CONTACT UTILITIES sidewalk, public or private property. Other des- should be a mobile phone, but in the case where DIRECTLY FOR DISCONNECT/METER ignations such as right of way, treelawn, berm, an office phone is auto-forwarded to a mobile REMOVAL. stream, etc., can also be specified. device, an extension is permitted. Street: indicate yes or no Damage notices: The caller is asked if the damage Sidewalk: indicate yes or no 25. Best Time to Call: resulted in the escape of any flammable, toxic Public Property: indicate yes or no When the onsite contact person is normally or corrosive gas or liquid which endangers life, Private Property: indicate yes or no available to receive calls from facility owners. health, or property. If on Private Property, indicate Front, Rear, If yes, they are asked if they notified 911. Left or Right side of the property 26. Onsite Contact E-mail: If no, they are advised to notify 911. Other: where applicable Provide the email address of the onsite contact Based on the information they provided the person, as they will be sent a copy of the Locate Remarks will display: 18. Depth: request in addition to the caller. HAZARDOUS RELEASE
X EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Example of what Remarks will display: LAWFUL START DATES: (3 business days) then released and assigned a serial number. The ******=== CANCEL 20181231234-001 == through (10 business days) ticket confirmation is emailed and includes the 7/26/2018 1652 JEC 38===****** serial number, a copy of the ticket information, CANCEL SERIAL NUMBER: 20181231234 These dates are calculated for Locate requests, and the facility owners notified. CANCEL REQUESTED BY: JANE DOE based on the business day the notification is The serial number is proof of your notifica- INCORRECT ADDRESS, NEW TICKET originated. They indicate the earliest date that tion and should be saved. HAS BEEN PLACED. digging can begin and the last possible date Ticket confirmations should be reviewed when digging must begin. If digging does not for accuracy when received. If a discrepancy is MAPPING THE LOCATE REQUEST start within these dates, a new one call notifica- found, the One Call System should be notified During the creation of a ticket, the system attempts tion must be placed. This information is pro- immediately and a new notification placed. to locate the described proposed excavation site vided to the caller by the CSR. The information It is considered a Best practice is to have a using the data provided for county, municipality, is emailed to web ticket entry users and home- copy of the notification at the work site. street, nearest intersection, and second intersection. owners using online entry. Up to two latitude/longitude points can also be pro- If the scheduled excavation date given by the RESPONSE DUE DATE vided to assist in the search. The mapping process caller falls between the lawful start dates and is The ticket output will include the system gen- is slightly different based on the method of input: not the third business day, the lawful start dates erated response due date, which differs based are recalculated and the scheduled excavation on the Message Type. Facility owners must Caller: If the search is successful, the CSR will date becomes the earliest lawful start date. The respond to all notifications through the One attempt to confirm the search results with the last possible lawful start date remains the same, Call System by the response due date. (Refer to caller and draw a notification area polygon i.e., ten business days from the origination of the Section VI for additional information.) around the proposed excavation site. notification. If the search is unsuccessful, the CSR will It is very important not to begin work prior LOCATE REQUEST MESSAGE TYPE work with the caller to determine if all data pro- to the lawful start dates. Beginning work before The ticket output format will include one des- vided by the caller is accurate. the lawful start date can result in forfeiture of ignation from each of the three components In the rare situations when a site cannot be the excavator’s rights and protection provided below that define the Message Type. Example: found on the map, an unmapped notification for under Pennsylvania Act 287 as amended. [NEW] [EXCAVATION] [ROUTINE] will be sent and the facility owners notified will Additionally, commencing work prior to the be based on the county and municipality given lawful dig date is a violation of the law. • Action Type: (how the request was created, by the caller. which also determines the serial number and A single point with a 150 feet radius (300 SERIAL NUMBER version assignment) feet diameter) buffer, or a polygon delineated Once the available information for the notifica- – NEW – a new Locate request – receives a with up to six latitude/longitude points, with a tion is gathered, the system assigns a serial num- unique serial number and version 000. 150 feet buffer, can be used to draw the notifica- ber to the notification. – UPDATE – modifies the Lawful Start Dates tion area polygon. The serial number is eleven digits com- on an existing Locate request due to work not prised of the four digit year, three digit Julian starting, work stopped and is starting again, or Web Ticket Entry User: If the search is successful date, and four digit sequential number. A three work in progress when re-marking is needed, – and the ticket is being created by a user via web digit version number is then appended to the receives a unique serial number and version 000. ticket entry, the user must draw the notification serial number to track its action type. On the – RENOTIFY – a re-transmit of an existing area polygon. original ticket, this version is -000, designating ticket, initiated by a caller, to advise one or more If the search is unsuccessful, the user should a NEW or UPDATE action type. Example: facility owners of locate related or response is- ensure all data entered in the fields is accurate 20180010001-000 is the first ticket taken in sues – the serial number does not change, how- and try again. 2018. On each subsequent action taken on the ever, the version number will increment with If the user is still unable to map the ticket, original, the version number is incremented each successive renotify. they must abort the entry and call the One Call as -001 or higher to designate a RENOTIFY, – CANCEL – notification by the ticket origi- System to place their notification. CANCEL or ANNOUNCEMENT. Example: nator that work will not be done – the version A single point with a 150 feet radius (300 20180010001-001 is the first RENOTIFY of the number will increment. feet diameter) buffer, or a polygon delineated original request. – ANNOUNCEMENT – Complex project with up to six latitude/longitude points, with a The serial number is provided to the origi- preconstruction meeting status information: 150 feet buffer, can be used to draw the notifica- nator of the notification based on the method of Posted, Modified, or Closed – the version num- tion area polygon. input: ber will increment.
Homeowner online: Homeowners do not draw a no- Caller: the serial number is read to the caller, • Request Type: (the kind of work being tification polygon. If the search is successful they who is also offered a list of the facility owners performed) are presented with geometry in the shape of their being notified. Callers who provided an email – EXCAVATION – the movement of earth, property parcel, and asked to verify and accept that address will receive a ticket confirmation which rock, or other material. the location found by the system is correct. includes a copy of the ticket information and the – DAMAGE – damaged or exposed under- facility owners notified. ground facility or facilities. Important: The notification area polygon – ODOR OF GAS –third party reports of drawn by the CSR or the WTE user, and the Web Ticket Entry User: the ticket confirma- non-excavation related odor of gas. geometry shape accepted by the homeowner, tion is emailed and includes the serial number, – DEMOLITION – partial/complete destruc- determines which member facility owners a copy of the ticket information, and the facility tion of a structure served by/adjacent to under- will be notified of the proposed work. owners notified. ground lines. – NO ONE CALL –third party reports of ex- The type of notification area will be included on Homeowner online: Notifications created by cavation work where there is reason to believe no the Locate request. homeowners online are first reviewed by a CSR, one call ticket exists.
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– CROSS BORE – called in by plumbers or Contact Email, Crew Onsite, Unmarked, Lawful Dig Dates--[DD-MON-YY] sewer operators to provide notice of intent to Incorrectly Marked, RNO Remarks: thru [DD-MON-YY] Response Due clear a clogged sewer drain prior to using a cut- RNO is an abbreviation for the action type Date--[DD-MON-YY] ting tool. RENOTIFY. The original Lawful Start Dates, Scheduled Excavation Date--[DD-MON-YY] Scheduled Excavation Date, Start time and Dig Time--[TTTT] Duration--[1 WEEK] • Request Class: (the timeframe of the work be- serial number do not change. Cancel and Caller--[ANNABELLE SMITH] ing performed) Complex Project action types are not eligible Caller Phone--[555-555-5555] Ext--[] – FINAL DESIGN– a notification requiring for renotify action. Excavator--[ABC CONSTRUCTION] not less than 10 nor more than 90 business days Address--[12345 MAIN ST] notice prior to final design. Direct Contact with Excavator Required within City--[PITTSBURGH] State--[PA] – PRELIMINARY DESIGN – a notification two hours: Zip--[15236] giving more than 90 business days notice. The locate request will indicate Y(es) or N(o) FAX--[555-444-4444] Caller Type--[B] – ROUTINE – a notification requiring not based on information given by the excavator. Email--[[email protected]] less than 3 nor more than 10 business days The following is one example of the ticket Work For--[PA ONE CALL SYSTEM INC] notice. output format with proper information used to Onsite Contact--[ANNABELLE SMITH] – EMERGENCY – the excavator declares identify identifying the location of a work site: Onsite Contact Phone--[555-555-5555] Ext--[] work is an Emergency as defined by Act 287 as Best Time to Call--[0800-1600] amended. CDC ABC 00001 POCS MM/DD/YY Onsite Contact Email—[asmith@abcconstruc- – INSUFFICIENT NOTICE – the excavator TT:TT:TT 20181234567-000 NEW XCAV RTN tion.com] fails to provide the required 3 business day no- Job Number--[] tice and the work does not fall within the defini- ======PENNSYLVANIA tion of emergency as defined by the Act. UNDERGROUND UTILITY LINE Prepared--[DD-MON-YY] at [TTTT] by – COMPLEX PROJECT – used to sched- PROTECTION REQUEST======[CSR NAME] ule a complex project preconstruction meeting Remarks--[] request. Serial Number--[20181234567]-[000] Channel#--[1234] [0123] [4567-89] SECTION V - Based on the Message Type, there may be varia- WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE tions in the data fields. Some variations impact Message Type--[NEW] [EXCAVATION] NOTIFICATION IS MADE the data fields described above, and have been [ROUTINE] noted where possible. Other data fields are POCS records all conversations that pertain to based on conditionals or are specific to certain County--[ALLEGHENY] Municipality-- the Locate request, and maintains a copy. The action or request types and the request class. [WEST MIFFLIN BORO] voice and data records are maintained for five (5) years. PennDOT Permit Number: Work Site--[925 IRWIN RUN RD] If the work is taking place on a PennDOT road, Nearest Intersection--[NOBLE DR] When the Locate request is submitted, the provide the permit number issued to you by Second Intersection--[LUTZ LANE] computer processes the ticket, assigns a se- PennDOT. Subdivision--[BORLAND COMPLEX] rial number to the notification, determines Site Marked in White--[Y] which member facility owners to notify, where Project dates: to transmit the notification, creates the ticket Used in lieu of Lawful Start dates on design Location Information: output format, and delivers it to each involved notices. Project dates are calculated based on [WORKING FROM THE FIRE HYDRANT member, separately tracking the sequence num- the designation as final design or preliminary ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BUILDING, ber of the day for each unique delivery address. design. CROSSING THE DRIVEWAY INTO THE TREELAWN, CONTINUING THROUGH The system also determines if the notification is Project Contact, Project Contact Phone, and THE MIDDLE OF THE TREELAWN the first one placed by your company in the cal- Project Contact Email: PARALLEL TO THE BUILDING, FOR endar year. If so, an invoice is generated for the Used in lieu of Onsite contact, Onsite Contact 100FT, CROSSING BACK OVER THE annual fee for the service provided by the One Phone, and Onsite Contact Email on design DRIVEWAY TO THE RIGHT CORNER OF Call System. (See Section IV for more informa- notices. THE BUILDING.] tion on the annual fee). Caller Lat/Lon--[] CPA Project ID, CPA Phase ID, and CPA Mapped Type--[P] Mapped Lat/Lon-- SECTION VI - Location ID: [40.361226/-79.926977,40.361981/- RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FACILITY Used when a notice originates from the 79.924776,40.360903/-79.924907 OWNER (After receiving the Locate request) Coordinate PA (CPA) project coordination, 40.361123/-79.927265] collaboration and communication tool. (See Map Graphic--[http://www.pa811.org/ Underground facility owners have the option Section XV Website Tools for more informa- ViewMap/view.aspx?sn=20181234567] to receive the information from the One Call tion on CPA.) Type of Work--[INSTALL 2IN WATER SVC System using a variety of delivery methods, such LINE] Depth--[3FT] as email, fax, XML, or viewing Locate requests Geometry: Extent of Excavation--[2FT X 230FT] on the One Call System website. A sequence Used in lieu of Mapped Type and Mapped Method of Excavation--[TRENCHING] number is added to each transmission so a mem- Latitude/Longitude on notices originating from Equip Type—[BH] ber can easily identify skipped transmissions. CPA or Homeowners online. Street--[N] Sidewalk--[Y] Pub Prop--[N] Pvt To ensure successful delivery of Locate re- Prop--[Y] Other--[TREELAWN] quests, an end of day (EOD) summary audit RNO Caller, RNO Caller Phone, RNO Onsite Private Front--[Y] Rear--[Y] Left--[Y] of messages transmitted from the One Call Contact, RNO Onsite Phone, RNO Onsite Right--[Y] System is sent to each receiving site shortly after
XII EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 midnight each day. The summary lists by serial required to mark the location of the fa- number, any messages the member should have cility owner’s underground lines within received the day before. Members should check eighteen inches horizontally from the this audit for agreement with transmitted mes- outside edge of the line, known as the sages. If any serial numbers were missed, mem- tolerance zone, including known con- bers can visit facility owner member web access nections and appurtenances. At its op- or call the One Call System to request a resend. tion, the facility owner may timely elect Members whose primary method of receiving to excavate around its facilities. tickets is web view should review the EOD on- Under Section 2 clause (i.1), known line as they will not receive a transmission. as the Good Samaritan clause, as a help- ful guide to the excavator or property • A resend is a manual re-queue of a Locate owner, the facility owner may identify request previously logged as a successful ticket the location of a known facility con- delivery, initiated by the member facility owner. nected to its facilities. The identifica- A resend does not change any data, but appends tion will not impose any liability upon RSND to the delivery header, populates a new the facility owner for the accuracy of the delivery sequence number and includes the date/ non-owned facility. time of the resend. • A resend may also be manually forced to a USE OF MARKING facility owner not notified on the original list Facility Owners may use standard locat- when the caller has cause to believe non-notified ing techniques suitable to each type of facilities are present at the work site and are re- line being located based on accepted en- questing a locate/response. gineering and operational practices, and • A resend conditionally adds one of two text mark with paint, stake, and/or flags, ac- lines at the end of the Locate request: cording to APWA/Common Ground – When the member was listed on the original Alliance Best Practices for Temporary transmission: Marking set in ANSI standard Z535.1 • [Originally sent as sequence number Safety Color Code. (See Appendix D of NNNN at MM/DD/YY HHMM]. this document). Markings will be done – When a ticket is forced to a member not in in a reasonable manner; in order to en- the original list: able the excavator to easily recognize the • [Ticket (re) sent at your request.] location of buried facilities. Use color-coded surface marks (paint DETERMINING CONFLICT WITH or similar coating) to indicate the loca- EXISTING ASSETS tion and route of buried lines. To in- Once the information is successfully transmitted crease visibility, color-coded vertical markers RESPONDING TO DESIGN and received by the member facility owner, their (temporary stakes or flags) should supplement NOTIFICATIONS personnel review the Locate request to deter- surface marks. All marks and markers should Facility owners are required to initially respond mine possible conflicts. The review can include include the symbols of the underground facil- to a design request for information as to the automated or manual comparison with asset ity owner or actual company abbreviation (i.e., position and type of the facility owner’s lines maps and records, contact with the excavator to VZPA, DLCO, PECO, UGI, PAWC, ATT, etc.) based on the information in their possession, or clarify data information about the request, or of the company that owns or operates the line, to mark the plans which have been provided to dispatching a locator to the work site. It is the and the width of the facility if it is greater than them by the designer, by field location or by an- facility owner’s job to decide whether or not the 50 mm (2”) as practicable. other method agreed to with the designer. location of the proposed excavation work is close Supplemental offset marking may also be Designers may utilize the POCS drawing to existing underground facilities. added at the discretion of the facility owner, exchange portal which allows for the upload If the work to be done or work site appears and is recommended if the surface over the of drawings at the time the design notification to be complex, or the lines at the site are con- buried line is to be removed or destroyed. Such is made. Facility owners can access the draw- sidered critical, the facility owner may request markings will identify the direction and dis- ings and use the TerraGo® toolbar to annotate to meet the excavator. In this case, the facil- tance to the actual facility. Offset markings the drawings, or they can upload pdfs of their ity owner should respond via KARL with a should be on a uniform alignment and must facilities in response to the design inquiry. “092-Requests Meeting” designation, and then clearly indicate that the actual facility is a spe- contact the excavator to arrange a meeting date cific distance away. Please see the attached and time. marking card for guidelines for marking of RESPONDING TO COMPLEX PROJECT Some facility owners are required to be on underground facilities. MEETING REQUESTS site during excavation while work is in the vicin- Facility owners should consider document- A facility owner is required to attend and partic- ity of their line. Generally, there is no charge for ing the completed mark out with photos. ipate in preconstruction meetings for a Complex this additional level of protection. Take advan- Project and to work with excavators on a sched- tage of their expertise and make sure you under- LOCATION TOLERANCE ZONE ule to mark the underground lines reasonably stand the safety precautions that are necessary to The width of the tolerance zone means the hori- in advance of the actual start of excavation or protect the line and yourself. zontal space within eighteen inches of the out- demolition work for each phase of the work. After receiving and screening the non-de- side wall or edge of a line or facility. (see Section If the excavator does not believe a precon- sign Locate request, if a conflict exists within VIII of this guide for additional information on struction meeting is necessary, it will be noted the excavation work site described on the Locate excavating within the tolerance zone.) in the Complex Project notice sent to the facility request, each underground facility owner is owner, however, facility owners with facilities at
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM XIII PENNSYLVANIA 811
FACILITY IDENTIFIER Final Design, the response due is 23:59:59 ten CH Chemical E Electric business days from the Locate request submit date. If necessary, the facility should propose mutu- FO Fiber Optic G Gas ally agreeable scheduling by which the excavator, LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas PP Petroleum Products facility owner or designer may locate the facilities. RR Railroad Signal S Sewer Responses may be sent to the One Call SD Storm Drain SL Street Lightning System via its web service, or by using web ticket STM Steam SP Slurry System response on the website, or by calling the auto- SS Storm Sewer TEL Telephone mated IVR service know as KARL at 800-222- 6470 and following the prompts. TS Traffic Signal TV Television KARL receives the facility owner responses W Reclaimed Water “Purple” W Water and emails or faxes the collected responses to the UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION DESCRIPTIONS originator of the Locate request at the end of the C Conduit CDR Corridor business day on the response due date. D Distribution Facility DB Direct Buried For a list of the Facility Owner responses DE Dead End JT Joint Trench used in the KARL system please see Appendix B - KARL System of this guide. HP High Pressure HH Hand Hole MH Manhole PB Pull Box RESPONDING TO RENOTIFY R Radius STR Structure (vaults, junction boxes, LOCATE REQUESTS inlets, lift stations) Facility owners are required to respond to all T Transmission Facility notifications received from the one call system. INFRASTRUCTURE MATERIAL Excavators renotify facility owners when lo- ABS Acrylonitrile - Butadiene - Styrene ACP Asbestos Cement Pipe cate request issues arise. The timing of the reno- CI Cast Iron CMC Cement Mortar Coated tify request determines the response required of CML Cement Mortar Lined CPP Corrugated Plastic Pipe a facility owner: • Scenario 1: CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CU Copper – On a correctly submitted non-emergency CWD Cresote Wood Duct HDPE High Density Polyethylene Locate request from an excavator, who, upon MTD Multiple Tile Duct PLA Plastic (conduit or pipe) their initial arrival at the work site determines RCB Reinforced Concrete Box RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe that “clear evidence of facilities” exists which are RF Reinforced Fiberglass SCCP Steel Cylinder Concrete Pipe not marked or may be mismarked, and initiates STL Steel VCP Vertrified Clay Pipe a renotify through the one call system. – The facility owner is required to make “direct the work site may request a meeting with the potential cross bore notifications are classified contact” with the excavator within two hours. excavator and a meeting shall be held between as emergencies. – If the facility owner fails to provide suffi- the two parties. – Note: In certain situations that fall within cient information to the excavator within three When notification(s) exceed the scope of a the definition of an emergency, but do not require hours after the renotify call to POCS, the Act routine Locate request as defined by the Board, immediate mark out, an emergency Locate re- does allow the excavator to begin work as sched- or the work otherwise is determined to be com- quest contains a scheduled excavation date greater uled, but not earlier than the lawful dig date, plex in nature, the facility owner may designate than the current date. For example, a water line provided he exercises due care and uses prudent a project as complex, and request a meeting with break during the winter months, which might techniques in his work. the excavator to determine a mutually agreeable freeze, causing a hazard, but can be kept safe un- • Scenario 2: locate schedule. Facility owners must make di- til the next day using road salt. In such cases, the – An excavator disagrees with a response a fa- rect contact with the excavator to set the meeting. response due is 23:59:59 the calendar day prior to cility owner made through the one call system, the scheduled excavation date. but it is not their initial arrival at the work site. RESPONSE DUE DATE • Routine notifications: When the scheduled The one call system will capture the locate issue Facility owners must respond to all notifications excavation date is equal to three business days in the text of the renotify. through the One Call System by the response from the Locate request submit date then the – The facility owner must respond as soon as due date. response due is 23:59:59 the business day prior practicable. to the first Lawful Start date. When the sched- Responses are due: uled excavation date is greater than three busi- ABANDONED FACILITIES • Emergency notifications: Emergency ness days from the Locate request submit date, Facility owners must make reasonable efforts to Locate requests that fall within the defini- the response due is 23:59:59 the calendar day locate or notify excavators of the existence and tion of an emergency are given top priority. prior to the first Lawful Start date. type of abandoned main lines. Underground facility owners are required to – Insufficient Notice: the response due is Information regarding abandoned facilities, mark facilities within the emergency excava- 23:59:59 two business days from the Locate re- in possession of the Facility Owner, should be tion area as soon as practicable. The response quest submit date. provided in the following instances: by the facility owner should be consistent with • Complex Project meeting requests: When the nature of the emergency information re- a meeting is requested the response due is • with a correctly submitted preliminary or ceived. The expectation is that within 2 clock 23:59:59 the business day prior to the proposed final Design request hours of the notice the Facility Owner will re- meeting date. When a meeting is not requested, • at a Pre-construction meeting on a Complex spond to the site or make direct contact with the response due is 23:59:59 two business days Project request the Excavator. from the meeting request submit. • for a Routine Locate request where the spe- – Damage, odor of gas, no one call, and • Design notifications: For Preliminary and cific excavation area is identified using white
XIV EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 paint/flags. (CGA 4.11/APWA guidance) provided should cover the entire scope of the • or mark the facilities in the field. plan or development with enough detail to al- The Act specifically requires your best efforts to low the facility owners to provide the location of The designer is required to attend and participate comply with the CGA standards. their lines in the proposed work area. As much in preconstruction meetings on complex projects descriptive information as you can provide shall when the excavator determines that the project is Alleged Violations of the Law be given to help the facility owner identify the a Complex Project and actually schedules a meet- Facility Owners are required to submit a report proposed construction area. Please be as specific ing. Project owners are required to participate of an alleged violation. Please review Section X as you can with the location information. It is in design and preconstruction meetings either for the specifics regarding reporting of alleged very important to describe the site in detail. directly or through a representative. In many in- violations of Act 287 of 1974 as amended. The designer shall make a reasonable effort to stances the designer may be the project owner’s prepare the construction drawings to avoid dam- representative. Such meetings are encouraged to SECTION VII - age to and minimize interference with a facility improve communications between all parties. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DESIGNER owner’s facilities in a proposed construction area by maintaining the clearance as provided for in Annual Fee A Designer is any architect, engineer or other the applicable easement condition or an eighteen- The Act requires designers request line and facil- person who or which prepares a drawing for a inch clearance of the facility owner’s facilities, ity information from facility owners and to pay construction or other project which requires ex- where practical, if no easement restriction exists, the applicable fee to the One Call System. The cavation or demolition work as defined by the or other clearance permitted or agreed upon. fee is billed on the date of the first notification Act. Each designer preparing a drawing requir- A copy of the project plans shall be forwarded placed each calendar year. ing excavation or demolition work within the to each facility owner who requests a copy. If a Commonwealth shall contact Pennsylvania One designer is unable to provide a copy because of During Excavation Call System. The Design Notice is meant to al- security of the project or proprietary concerns The designer is reminded that responsibilities un- low the designer to plan the new work around regarding the design of the project, the designer der the law apply to all design activities, including existing facilities as the law prescribes. The no- shall negotiate in a timely manner with the facility changes of and additions to a project on which tice shall be placed not less than 10, nor more owner the means of obtaining the necessary data. excavation is already underway. At the end of than 90 business days in advance of the final Designers are encouraged to utilize the the project all SUE data shall be forwarded to the design. Designers can obtain such information POCS drawing exchange portal which allows One Call Center in enhanced .pdf format. more than 90 days before final design is to be for the upload of drawings at the time the design completed, however, they shall state in their re- notification is made. Facility owners can access Alleged Violations of the Law quirements that such work is preliminary. the drawings and use the TerraGo® toolbar to Designers are required to submit a report of an According to the Act, Final Design means “the annotate the drawings, or they can upload pdfs alleged violation. Please review Section X for engineering and construction drawings that are pro- of their facilities in response to the inquiry. the specifics regarding reporting of alleged viola- vided to a bidder or other person who is asked to ini- The designer shall show upon the drawing tions of Act 287 of 1974 as amended. tiate construction on the bid date or date the project the position and type of each facility owner’s is set for construction in the absence of a bid”. line derived pursuant to the request made, the SECTION VIII - In many instances engineering and con- name of the facility owner as shown on the list RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE EXCAVATOR struction drawings are prepared far in advance from the One Call System, the serial number of (After Making the Call) of the bid date or the start of construction; or the Locate request and the toll free number of last minute project owner/designer adjustments the One Call System. Many people believe that by notifying the One may result in changes to the proposed excava- The designer should consult with and advise Call System of intended excavation they have tion area. Preliminary design notifications the project owner regarding the project owner’s completed all of their responsibilities with re- should be created. The date of the most recent requirement to utilize sufficient quality levels of spect to the locating process. This is not the design One Call Notification should never be subsurface utility engineering. Design stage re- case. Notifying is only the first step, and there more than 90 days prior to the project bid date sponsibilities of the designer and project owner are several other important considerations. or date of construction in the absence of a bid. are contained within the law and in the latest This provides the designer with the opportunity version of the Common Ground Alliance (CGA) Prior to the Start of Excavation to assess the possible impact of any recently in- Best Practices. The Act specifically requires your When planning excavation activities, the exca- stalled underground facilities within the project best efforts to comply with the CGA standards. vator should consider all available site informa- area and to adjust the design accordingly prior As with notifications of excavation work, the tion relating to the existence of underground to the bid or the start of construction. It is the facility owners shall respond to design notifications facilities. The position of facility marks, any Project Owner’s responsibility to not release any through the KARL System. Note that there is a re- Subsurface Utility Engineering information project to bid or construction until after final sponse dedicated specifically for design notifications, contained on the project plans and the existence design is completed. Good communication be- “082 Design Conflict. Please send plans to:
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM XV PENNSYLVANIA 811
Users Guide- continued on page XVII The excavator should plan the excavation or de- injury or damage to the underground lines. this does not mean that POCS has cleared the molition work to avoid damage to or minimize If a marked facility is not found within the site, nor does it mean that other facilities are not interference with underground facilities in the established Tolerance Zone during excavation, at that location. Excavators are encouraged to construction area. If the work requires tempo- the excavator should contact POCS and renotify verify the current status of their one call request rary or permanent interruption of the facility the facility owner. If excavation continues, pru- prior to commencing excavation or demoli- owner’s service the excavator must coordinate dent techniques must be used until the precise tion work by calling the POCS KARL system the work with the affected facility owner(s) in location of the facility is identified or until it has at 1-800-222-6470. Please see Appendix B - all cases. been otherwise determined that the excavation KARL System of this guide for further details. If the excavator is using horizontal direc- is not in conflict with the facility. The excava- tional drilling (HDD), he must, at a minimum, tor may be entitled to compensation from the Failure to Locate Facilities Prior To the utilize the best practices published by the HDD project owner for this extra work as set forth in Start Date Consortium. clauses (4) and (15) of section 5 of the Act. The In cases where a facility owner has not re- If requested to do so by a facility owner, the project owner under the Act is any person who sponded to a correctly submitted non-emergency excavator must assist a facility owner in deter- or which engages the excavator for construction excavation request, or they have responded and mining involvement of their lines by disclos- or any project which requires excavation or de- the excavator, upon their initial arrival at the ing additional available information including molition work as herein defined. work site determines that “clear evidence of dimensions and the direction of the proposed Work with the locator to reduce the con- facilities” exists and are not marked or may be excavations. fusion at the work site. Scheduling and coop- mismarked, the excavator must re-notify POCS. The excavator, except in an emergency with eration can keep your job moving efficiently. The facility owner(s) must make “direct contact” proper notification to POCS, may not begin ex- Discuss your schedule and resources with the with the excavator. Excavation within the loca- cavation or demolition earlier than the sched- locators and set up a working relationship that tion of the unmarked or mismarked lines may uled excavation date which can be on or after can save everyone significant delays and confu- not begin until receiving sufficient information the third business day after the notification to sion. It is always a good practice to document from the facility owner to safely excavate. If the POCS was made. In a Complex Project, the the work you do and record what safety instruc- facility owner(s) fails to provide sufficient -in excavator may not begin excavation earlier than tions are given by the locator or field representa- formation to the excavator within three hours ten business days after notification to POCS. tive at the site. after the call to POCS, the Act does allow the Consider documenting the position of Some facility owners have special policies excavator to begin work as scheduled, but not marks as soon as possible after they are placed. because of the critical nature of their lines, (i.e. earlier than the lawful dig date, provided he ex- Be watchful for possible removal and tampering liquid pipelines, fiber optic communications, ercises due care and uses prudent techniques in of marks. This can occur unintentionally as a high pressure natural gas, chemical lines), and his work. result of things such as lawn mowing, normal want to be on site when you are near their lines. street maintenance, activities of children playing Some facilities demand special consideration in the neighborhood as well as normal construc- and are significant enough that your risk man- When Damage Occurs tion activities. Please remember that weather agement policy should dictate extreme care be If during the course of excavation, a facility has and wear can obliterate markings. Do not pile taken when working around these lines. been exposed and/or damaged, it is the excava- brush or spoilage on the marking. You are re- The One Call System is a mandatory tor’s responsibility to promptly notify the facility sponsible for the marks once the locator has left organization, however, exemptions do ex- owner so that it may be inspected and repaired, the site. If the excavator suspects that marks ist. Pennsylvania One Call System (POCS) if necessary, before being backfilled. Damage may have been compromised or eliminated he is the only One Call System in operation in can also occur from improper backfilling around should contact POCS to request that the facili- Pennsylvania. Some underground facility own- exposed utilities. The excavator should support ties be marked again. ers have elected not to belong; in violation of these exposed facilities until such time as the fa- the Act. Excavators are not required to make cility owner inspects them. Failure to notify the During the Excavation Process an effort to contact these nonparticipating facil- facility owner can result in the excavator being All underground facilities encountered during ity owners directly before attempting an exca- held responsible for any and all damages attrib- the excavation work should be considered in use vation, but realistically there could be a safety utable to the damaged facility. and potentially dangerous unless specific infor- issue if you see indications of facilities that Cathodic Protection techniques are often mation from the facility owner indicates that are not marked. It is your safety that’s at risk. used to deal with the earth’s stray electric cur- the facility is abandoned or otherwise not in use Entities exempt from membership under the Act rent where steel and other metal lines are buried. and does not contain any dangerous elements or are listed in the definition of “Facility Owner” If these are damaged they cause problems to the by-products. and excavators should also be aware of exemp- pipe or cable and must be repaired by the facility If and when the excavation operation ap- tions within the definition of “Line or Facility” owner, and the damage should also be reported. proaches the estimated location of underground within the Act. If the damage results in the escape of any facilities, the excavator must determine the POCS is not responsible for the actual flammable, toxic or corrosive gas or liquid which precise location of the marked facility by safe marking of facilities. It takes information from endangers life, health or property the excavator and acceptable means. This must be accom- the excavator and relays it to the underground must immediately notify 911 and the facility plished by the use of hand tools or vacuum ex- facility owners. The facility owners are respon- owner. The excavator must also take reason- cavation techniques. The Act requires the use sible for ensuring that their facilities are properly able measures, based on his knowledge, train- of prudent techniques for the area considered marked. ing, resources, experience and understanding the “TOLERANCE ZONE”, which means the Facility owners are required to respond to all of the situation to protect himself and those in horizontal space within eighteen inches of the notifications. POCS will collect the responses immediate danger, the general public, property outside wall or edge of a line or facility. After from the facility owners through the KARL sys- and the environment until the facility owner or locating the precise location of underground fa- tem and relay it to the excavator by email or fax. emergency responders have arrived and com- cilities through the use of prudent techniques, When one underground facility owner indicates pleted their assessment of the situation. The ex- excavators must continue to exercise due care that there are no facilities in conflict with spe- cavator must also remain on site to convey any within the tolerance zone to avoid interference, cific excavation, the excavator must realize that pertinent information to responders that may
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© 2020 Rhino Marking & Protection Systems CONTENTS 2021 EXCAVATION SAFETY GUIDE & DIRECTORY
Saving Lives BEFORE YOU DIG through Education What you need to know and what you need to do before you dig. 6 The Big Picture on Small Excavations 8 Be Ready for All Fall Risks While on the Job Industry leaders from all stakeholder groups gather to 10 Pre-Excavation Documentation bring the industry information, education and training focused 12 Pre-Excavation Checklist on improving damage prevention efforts, sharing resources, Tips for Selecting Protective Footwear facilitating open discussions, 14 and improving safety within the excavating community. LOCATING & MARKING The importance of accuracy in locating and marking buried facilities. • VIRTUAL: March 22 - March 28, 2021 16 Understanding the Marks • Phoenix, Arizona: Global Locate Masters February 28 - March 6, 2022 19 • Tampa, Florida: Digging Deep into Depth Estimates February 02 - February 19, 2023 20 22 The Importance of Field Ergonomics 24 Five Uses of GPR for Civil Engineering and Damage Prevention The Excavation Safety Guide is designed to be a Published annually by reference for readers to use all year long. The arti- Infrastructure Resources, LLC cles are concise, to the point and focus on current 4200 W Old Shakopee Road, Suite 103 industry trends and technologies. The resources Bloomington, MN 55437 • 866.279.7755 include the CGA Excavation Best Practices, a www.ExcavationSafetyGuide.com complete One Call Center listing along with the state laws and provisions, a pull-out Emergency Response poster plus much more. Protecting the Excavation Safety Guide is a Trademark of buried infrastructure is becoming more of a chal- Infrastructure Resources, LLC. All rights re- lenge every day and this guide will help you navi- served. Reproduction in whole or part without gate through these challenges. written permission of the publisher is prohibited.
EXCAVATIONA EMERGENCIESFETY S n ESS A WARE PuBLIC POSTERn fOR E A SSOCIATIO IPELIn B y P v IDED P RO RECOGNIZE UNSAFE CONDITIONS • Pools of liquid, blowing dirt, hissing sounds, vapor clouds, gaseous odors, bubbles in standing water, dead KNOW THE HAZARDS vegetation, and frozen soil or ice next to pipelines are all • natural gas and other petroleum products will ignite signs of a natural gas or petroleum pipeline leak and should be treated as an emergency. and burn. If exposed to the skin, serious irritations may occur. Escaping gases can displace oxygen. • Treat contact with any electric line as an emergency regardless of whether it appears undamaged, • Electricity will arc or short to ground producing heat or severed. This includes contact with damaged that is up to four times greater than the heat of the aboveground high voltage lines. sun. At a minimum, it will burn skin and damage internal organs. High voltage electricity can arc • utilities often jointly use trenches placing you at greater significant distances through the air. Be aware of all risk in trenches that also have electricity. aboveground high voltage lines and keep any part of • Wet or discolored soil is an indication of a water/ FREE the equipment at least 10 feet away from overhead lines. sewer leak and should be treated as a potential • Water under high pressure can cause serious injury. emergency condition. Wastewater contains bacteria that can be a significant : health risk. Sewer gas will ignite and burn. INCLUDE FACILITIES Excavation Emergencies Poster Learn more, or register for UNDERGROUND - INVOLVING CONDITIONS EMERGENCY Leaks, ruptures, explosions, fires, severe settling or soil movement, weakened or damaged facilities and similar LOOK ON PAGE 29 TO FIND YOUR COMPLIMENTARY updates on future Damage instances where immediate action is necessary to prevent loss of life, injury to persons, or damage to property and the environment. Every situation is different and must be evaluated on the individual circumstances. Below are gen 4. Contact the facility operator immediately to report the condition. eral emergency response guidelines for various emergency/damage situations involving underground facilities. 5. If appropriate, call 911 for local emergency response. WATER/SEWER 1. Evacuate the area immediately and keep people out. Leaking water Prevention Week events, at can fill a trench quickly making escape extremely difficult. PULL-OUT POSTER with complete information on how to RESPOND IMMEDIATELY 2. Do not close valves in order to stop flooding. Closing the NATURAL GAS & PETROLEUM LIQUIDS wrong valve may affect fire flows and/or possible containment of potable systems. 1. Turn off equipment, if it can be done safely. Be careful of damaged high-pressure water lines because even 2. Abandon all equipment and get a safe distance away. 3. the slightest scratch or vibration can cause pipelines to break. 3. Avoid open flames or anything that might start a fire. Do Move carefully around trenches with wet walls. Wet soil can DamagePreventionWeek.com. not start motor vehicles or electrical equipment. Remove 4. recognize and respond to the hazards inherent in utility easily cause suffocation. all ignition sources (cigarettes, cell phones, or anything that could create a spark or static electricity). 5. Avoid contact with wastewater. Do not wade in or work around wastewater. 4. Evacuate the area and keep people out. Sewer gas is flammable; avoid open flames or anything that 5. Do not make contact with escaping liquids. 6. might start a fire. 6. Do not operate any pipeline valves. 7. Contact the facility operator immediately to report the condition. 7. Call 911 or your local fire, police, or sheriff’s office. excavation. Provided by Pipeline Association for Public Awareness 8. Do not try to put out a fire. If it’s burning, let it burn; ask FIBER/COMMUNICATION local firefighters to observe and protect adjacent property. 1. If a fiber optic cable is cut, do not look into the end of it. Serious 9. Contact the facility operator immediately to report eye damage may occur. 1 the condition. 2. Contact the facility operator and report the condition. ELECTRICITY 1. Only move equipment in contact with overhead or NEVER BURY A DAMAGED FACILITY! underground electric lines if you can move it away safely. Even a minor scrape, nick, cut, tear, break, or dent should be 2. If excavator equipment remains in contact with electric reported to the facility owner immediately. If not promptly equipment, it’s safest to stay on equipment (unless on fire) repaired, it could result in a future leak, service outage, until rescue workers arrive; keep others away. If you must explosion, accident, injury, or death. The above information is intended for educational purposes only. Infrastructure Resources, LLC and Pipeline Association for Public Awareness abandon equipment, jump clear of it, landing with both feet assume no liability for any individual’s use of or reliance upon the above information. While every effort is made to provide accurate and reliable 1information, Infrastructure Resources, LLC and Pipeline Association for Public Awareness do not guarantee or warrant that the information is complete, accurate or up-to-date. on the ground at the same time, and then only shuffle or hop away. 12/14/16 4:24 PM 3. If a buried electrical line is struck in wet soil/conditions, the ground may become energized for a large area around the (Hopping or shuffling away will help reduce your risk to step potential.) strike.
8Safety Poster-English and Spanish-2017.indd 1 4 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 FEATURING CURRENT PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGICAL INSIGHTS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS!
DIGGING SAFELY Technologies and techniques to stay safe and avoid damage. Saving Lives through Education 26 Being A Safe Digging Partner 28 Trenching and Excavating Procedures and Safety Considerations Coming Spring 2021 How to Work Safely Near Underwater Pipelines and Utilities THE virtual community for 34 everyone interested in safe excavation and damage prevention to develop actionable solutions to protect our vital WHEN THINGS GO WRONG infrastructure resources. What to do in the event of underground damage. • Community: A place for those in the utility 36 How to Improve Worker Safety in Excavation Projects industry to learn, share, and grow. 38 How to Develop a Lone Worker Safety Program Without • Education: Breaking the Bank Members gain access to hundreds of hours of education. • Action: So You’re Going to Be a Witness: Preparing for and 40 Conversations and content Testifying at Trial come together to move beyond ideas to meaningful actions. RESOURCE DIRECTORY A collection of invaluable information and access to resources. 42 Video Vault CGA Excavation Best Practices 44 Community Assistance and Technical Services 48 One Call and State Law Directory 49 Canadian One Call and Provincial Law Directory 55 Industry Publications 56
This manual is an informational and educational guide, but it is not intended to provide Register for updates to receive you with any definitive information regarding legal issues. You need to follow your spe- exclusive offers from cific state laws and OSHA rules. If you have any questions on issues raised in this guide, ExcavationSafetyAlliance.com. please consult with legal counsel and/or your state One Call Center.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 5 BEFORE YOU DIG
THE BIG Picture on Small Excavations
STAFF REPORT
Most people associate excavation with large Digging in Your Backyard cannot be reached for a neighbor in construction equipment digging giant Everyone knows improvements to your cardiac distress trenches or big holes. But there are many property increase your home’s value, as - damaging a water line that allows impu- “small digs” that are performed every day well as its curb appeal. Property improve- rities to contaminate the drinking water and despite the small size, these excavations ments are a way of life for many home- - piercing a gas line that causes an explo- still pose a threat to safety. owners, but failing to mark buried utilities sion, killing someone before engaging in any small dig project It is vitally important that workers and could result in vital damage to plumb- These seem like really big prices to pay homeowners engaged in these activities are ing, sewer, electric, cable, gas, oil, and when they can be avoided simply by mak- aware of the hazards that digging poses. water lines. Often the damage incurred ing a call. Some buried facilities are just inches below affects not only the homeowner, but entire the surface and care is required when digging neighborhoods. Small dig home excavation includes proj- any type of hole. It is also important to note ects like pool building, mailbox installa- that, quite often, these small dig projects are Imagine… tion, landscaping, fence installation, and located on property that is beyond the scope - cutting the cable line for the entire deck building, but any project that involved of 811 and may require a private utility loca- neighborhood on Super Bowl Sunday ground disturbance of any kind should be tor to identify the location of buried utilities. - severing a phone line that means 911 preceded by a call to 811.
6 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Farming… or Excavating? Fence Installation unmarked. Even if the location the facility Farming activities increasingly pose a While many believe contacting 811 is only was buried is known, it may be closer to the risk to pipelines. Farm equipment is get- for large-scale digging, safe dig laws require surface due to erosion and shifting. ting more powerful and can dig deeper. a locate request prior to any digging activi- Compounding the problem, erosion and ties, including those activities associated Imagine the difficulty of trying to explain soil terrain modifications can reduce the with the installation of fencing: to the One Call center where you are when soil covering an underground pipeline or - use of a post hole digger you are standing in the middle of a forest. cause the pipeline to shift. - driving form pins Rural and natural environments cannot be - digging shallow holes with a hand shovel described as easily as urban or suburban Many activities farmers assume are regu- - removing old fencing or trees locales that can be easily identified as “the lar farming activities are actually defined corner of 4th and Oak Street.” as excavating and require a call to 811, Calling 811 is the law but beyond that, hav- including: ing utilities marked helps plan the job ap- Many trail builders now use Global - Fence building propriately, dig safely around these facilities Positioning Systems (GPS) to report their - Drain tiling and avoid costly project delays, utility dam- location and may be required to meet the - Terracing ages and potential fines. facility locator and escort them to the areas - Grading where the work will be performed. - Contouring Tent Rentals - Ripping Putting up a tent for a backyard party seems If You Hit a Buried Utility - Deep tilling like a pretty simple process. It seldom occurs Regardless of the project you are working - Building or repairing roads to people that it would require contacting on, if you hit a buried utility, immediately - Tree or stump removal 811. The truth is, a tent stake can be driven stop work, secure the area, call 911, call the - Deep soil sampling into the ground as deeply as three feet. At this utility, and do not resume work until you - Clearing or grubbing depth, there is the potential for impacting are given clearance to do so. Even if you do - Grading and damaging a buried utility. For this rea- not see any visible damage to the buried fa- - Ditch cleaning son, tent builders are required by law to locate cility, it is important to report it as even a - Trenching buried facilities before installing a tent. small dent or scratch can compromise the - Augering long-term integrity of the pipe or cable. - Burying livestock Trail Builders - Installing cattle guards, dams or dugout Trail builders often have a unique excava- Call 811 for Every Dig Project tion situation. The issues they encounter Even if you believe you know where utilities This list is not comprehensive. When in differ from major excavations because of are located and even if you have called be- doubt, always contact your local One Call. their locale and environment. Often there fore, the One Call center must be contacted “Normal” farming activities are limited to is the perception that there are no utilities with every project; erosion may reduce the things like plowing, planting, cultivating, buried in the “middle of nowhere” or that depth of the facility and lines often shift Picture on Small Excavations and harvesting, as long as these activities grading a trail is not digging, and therefore over time. Whether digging in the back- occur at depths no greater than 12” typi- doesn’t require excavation safety precau- yard or the “back forty,” it is important to cally, although state laws vary. tions. Further complicating matters, fa- realize that there is ALWAYS the possibility cilities in forests or remote areas are often that facilities lie beneath the surface. ESG
ESG
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 7 BEFORE YOU DIG
BY ERICA COLE
Fall protection involves far more than pre- scenario and you are prepared and equipped used any time you are at risk of falling. venting a worker from falling at the work with the knowledge and products to stay as site. It should include protecting workers safe as possible in every situation. To reduce the risk of falls, first consider elim- from falling into belowground spaces and inating your risk entirely through a change preparing for their rescue if they do. It also Protect yourself from falling in methods or equipment. Next, prevent ac- encompasses preventing objects, such as The legal need for fall protection is gener- cess to the fall hazard with a passive physi- tools, from falling on people and infrastruc- ally based on trigger height - the vertical cal barrier, guardrails are the most common ture below. distance from a working surface to the solution. Plan for the use of fall protection next lower working surface. According to equipment to restrain yourself, while still A complete fall protection approach considers OSHA, the most common trigger height providing freedom of motion for you as FORall these risks andALL includes hazard FALL prevention isRISKS for construction at sixWHILE feet. The trigger youON work. In restraintTHE applications, JOB the fall plans, product training, and rescue plans to height drops to four feet for general indus- hazard itself is not blocked, but you are pre- avoid fall incidents, reducing injuries, dam- try work. On a supported scaffold, trigger vented from accessing it with the help of ages, reputational risk, and even death. height can be ten feet because a standard specific fall protection equipment. Common scaffold is five feet high, which is below restraint solutions include a PFAS system The next time you arrive at a job site, make the construction six feet minimum trig- that includes a harness, a connecting device sure you are aware of every potential fall ger height. Proper fall protection should be such as a lanyard or self-retracting lifeline
8 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021
BE READY connected to an anchorage. Typically in re- are special considerations that deserve extra equipment. New developments and stan- straint the length of the connecting device attention. If trapped in an environment with dards are bringing more focus to this hazard, is what helps prevent workers from access- potentially diminished air and visual condi- but it may still be common for a company ing the hazard. If potentially accessing a fall tions, it may be a matter of survival. to not have a full prevention policy built hazard is unavoidable, a fall arrest system around this serious hazard. Regardless of should be used. Arrest applications are uti- Ideally, minimize your time working in these your experience with dropped objects pre- lized when the worker may encounter the environments. When working in a confined vention, there are some things you can do to hazard and potentially fall over an edge. space, or any work at height, make sure there enhance safety at heights and below. Fall arrest applications require specialized is an evacuation and rescue plan. Lifting equipment designed for the maximum ar- equipment lowers you safely into the space, Awareness on a worksite is a key step. rest force, which means it must withstand where you stay connected via a safety harness. Identify the risk areas for dropped ob- not only the stress of your body falling, The lowering/lifting equipment includes a tri- jects. This may be very straight forward; which is legally mandated to a maximum of pod that is lightweight and easy to assemble, locations where work will be performed at 1,800 pounds, but also the contact between yet can hold your weight, and even the weight height are the areas where dropped objects the lifeline and the leading edge, which may of another person if designed to handle a dual may become a problem. When working damage and compromise the lifeline. rescue situation. Tripods use rescue lifting multiple sites or with constantly changing winches with self-retracting lifelines for active conditions, the problem can be a little more complex as the risk areas move over the course of the day or as work progresses. In either case, it’s important to periodically review where the potential for a dropped object exists and act accordingly by ensuring use of proper tool tethering meth- ods, or by setting up “no-go” falling objects zones on lower levels. Companies with well- developed programs under- fall protection throughout the work period. stand where an object may fall and how far Descender equipment can even be powered it might ricochet in the event of an impact, to speed the retrieval of a worker should the and take measures to prevent workers from situation become more dangerous or used inadvertently entering falling objects zones. for work at greater heights. Sizes of tripods, They will also have a robust supply of teth- rope lengths for various rescue heights, rescue ering equipment to prevent dropped objects poles and more should be chosen specific to in the first place. the confined space work at hand. Consideration of every fall risk you may en- Other types of required equipment for con- counter while on the job is imperative to Every fall arrest system is composed of an fined space operations include protective keeping you and others safe and maintain- anchor, bodywear, and a connecting de- clothing (eye, hearing, head, and hand pro- ing best practices. Fall hazards happen in vice. Common anchorage solutions can be tection), communications equipment since many ways, from above and below. When mounted on a surface like a roof or utilize dark, remote conditions may make voice/ you are aware of every potential scenario, anchor straps to wrap around structural sight communication impossible, and ven- and how to avoid it, you will be safer and members. Bodywear includes any of the tilators to maintain safe air quality. more productive on the job. ESG full-body harnesses compatible with fall restraint or fall arrest operations. A con- Rescuers for confined space incidents should Erica Cole is product manager at Pure necting device physically connects the har- be trained and outfitted with proper res- Safety Group, the largest independent ded- ness to the anchor. Connectors range from cue gear, which may include self-contained icated fall protection company in the world. simple fixed-length nylon or steel lanyards breathing apparatus. In many cases, would-be Learn more at puresafetygroup.com. FOR ALL FALL RISKS WHILE ON THE JOB to single or dual self-retracting devices. rescuers are simply other workers who know how to extract the victim from the confined *Editors Note: Many confined spaces Confined space incidents* space without being overcome by fumes. are designated as permit-required con- Becoming trapped in a confined space is a fined space. Only trained professionals fall risk that shares many components with Dropped object hazards are allowed in these spaces. Never enter a its open-air counterpart. But, given the One of the deadliest height hazards that permit-required confined space without unique nature of confined space work, there often goes overlooked is dropped tools and proper training and equipment.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 9
BE READY BEFORE YOU DIG
Pre-Excavation DOCUMENTATION
BY RON PETERSON
Once excavation begins, the scene changes excavation is a great way to start. All poten- forever. For this reason, pre-excavation doc- tial conflicts should be captured as well as umentation should be collected. In a court any other potential problem areas. case, good pre-excavation documentation may not guarantee a win, failure to have it Next, the same process should be used could cost you the win. along the line of each of the markings fol- lowed by quality overview shots of the en- Call in the Experts tire area. A well-drawn diagram of the area If you are an excavator, begin with making can also be helpful. a request to the local One Call Center to have the work area marked. Include precise The next step is to pothole the utilities. marking instructions as well as white lining Excavators should document each pothole whenever possible. If accurate instructions with data including the depth to the top cannot be provided, a meet should be re- and bottom of the utility, the size of the quested with appropriate personnel so the utility, material and condition and mea- job site can be walked through with the surements from fixed objects that are not locators (and facility owner if needed) so likely to change. It is always a good idea further instructions can be given. Once the instructions are provided and agreed to, all parties should sign off on the plan. If some- thing changes that affects this agreement, all parties should be notified so a new plan can be developed.
Tracking locator responses is also extremely important for the excavator. More and more One Call systems now offer online positive response systems which allows the excava- tor to check on the status of the ticket by each utility’s locator response digitally. It is important to document which parties have been notified as well as when and how they responded. This allows the excavator to know if someone does not respond so ad- ditional outreach can be made.
Excavator Documentation After all facility owners have responded, it is critical that the scene is documented prior to any excavation work. Taking pic- tures and video along the path of proposed
10 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 IF THE EXCAVATORS KNOW THAT THEY ARE LOOKING FOR A SIX- INCH PLASTIC WATER LINE AND EXPOSE A SIX-INCH CAST IRON
‘‘ LINE, THEY KNOW
THAT THEY HAVE NOT FOUND THE TARGET ‘‘ LINE AND SHOULD CONTINUE TO LOOK.
help to prevent damages. If the excavators know that they are looking for a six-inch plastic water line and expose a six-inch cast iron line, they know that they have not found the target line and should continue to look. At a minimum, it should generate a question leading to a call for assistance.
Utility owners also play a part in the pre-exca- vation arena. One of the biggest impacts they to capture the potholing process on tape or you still can’t get a good idea of the scope of can have is participating in the design phase in photographs. Remember the old adage, work, try to arrange a meet onsite. As with the of projects and providing much needed infor- if you don’t document it, it didn’t happen. excavator, it is good to walk the site with them mation both in meetings and during the sur- and get a clear picture of what they will be do- vey process. Unfortunately, many companies If discrepancies arise between what is marked ing. Once the instructions are clear, both par- will not allow their locators to mark lines for and what you find, never assume. Always fol- ties should sign off on it. If something changes surveys. They are missing a golden opportu- low up with the locator or utility to resolve on the locator’s side, they should make contact nity to prevent damages when this happens. these issues instead of taking the risk. and try to find a solution. Communication is key to damage prevention. With this documentation completed, excava- After marking the site, the locator should Everything discussed in this article promotes tion can begin. Documentation should not take pictures and video. The locator should open and clear dialog between all parties, stop once excavation starts, however. The strive to follow the proposed path of exca- whether it is with a meet or through paint documentation process is not complete. It is vation as well as showing the path of the put down on the ground. By improving com- a good idea to periodically take pictures and/ marks. Extra shots can be captured at po- munication, we can have a positive impact on or video while the project proceeds. There is tential points of conflict. damage prevention. However, when things go no such thing as too much documentation. wrong, quality pre-excavation activities can sup- Facility Owner Involvement port your point of view and save the day. ESG Locator Documentation Utilities should allow the locators to provide For locators, many of the same principles ap- key information to the excavators, when In addition to providing damage prevention ply. First make sure that you completely un- known. This includes the size of the facility and investigation services as owner of Ron derstand the marking instructions that you and the material that should be encountered. Peterson Consulting, Ron has held the position of receive. If there are any questions, do not hes- With the growing number of abandoned fa- Executive Director of Nulca since 2009. Ron can itate to call the excavator for clarification. If cilities in the ground, this information can be reached at [email protected].
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 11 BEFORE YOU DIG
Pre-Excavation ExcavationChecklist EVERY • Note location, height, and 4Before operator of overhead lines
- Pipeline valves q • Note all required safety - Cable pedestals signage IN THE OFFICE - Electric cables Video and/or sketches q Review all drawings, plans, - Water valves q where pertinent engineering blueprints for - Telephone closures existing buried facilities Look for evidence of trench q BEFORE YOU DIG q Proposed excavation area lines from previous Review safety information has been marked in white excavation q with anyone working paint and/or flags Look for cleared pipeline q the job q Call 811 at least 2-3 business ROWs q Confirm with facility owner days before excavation Talk with the property q vacuum or hydro excavation (check your state One owner or general is scheduled for all Call laws) contractor to identify pipelines impacted q Locate ticket number is potential private facilities Locations for hand digging posted at the work location that may not be marked: q within the tolerance zone q Onsite meeting scheduled - Lighting are noted with all high profile - Outbuildings facilities in locate area (gas/ - Pools/Spas q Representatives for all oil pipelines, high-voltage - Irrigation critical facilities are present cables, fiber optic) - Sewer laterals q Emergency equipment - Propane tanks available when hazardous ONSITE - Communications lines atmospheres are potentially Complete a pre-excavation present walkthrough of the entire Document of Jobsite: q List of all emergency jobsite and adjacent areas q Compare actual jobsite to contact numbers for assets One Call ticket in and adjacent to the dig Visual Inspection of Jobsite: - One Call ticket covers the zone is readily available Permanent markers: scope of the work q The location and route to Signs or marking posts - One Call ticket “Work to q the nearest hospital is - Pavement markers Begin” date is valid known by onsite (stamped nails, pavement - All utilities have supervisors decals, A-tags™) responded - All facilities are marked This document is provided for informational purposes only and does - Surface markers not constitute professional advice. It is intended to be used as a guide within the excavation area in the development of a checklist specific to your situation and may not q Other surface signage for be inclusive of all pre-excavation activities required of your situation. landscaped areas q Photograph the jobsite Consult your company’s appropriate management before implementa- - Locate marks and flags tion. Excavation Safety Guide, its employees and agents accept no q Locate marks liability and disclaim all responsibility for the consequences of acting, from 360° at varying or refraining from acting, in reliance of the information contained in this document or for any decision based on it, or for any consequential, q Consult any maps or field distances for perspective special, incidental or punitive damage to any person or entity for any sketches of the location - Permanent signage and matter relating to the contents of this document. q Identify all services to location relative to the buildings such as: dig area: - Gas meters - Farm taps
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© 2020 Rhino Marking & Protection Systems | Rhino UV Armor: US Patent Pending | 10-Year Warrany BEFORE YOU DIG
Tips for Selecting Protective Footwear
BY JAMES IWANSKI
14 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 orkplace foot injuries are injuries? This could be motorized construc- sneakers but include important features like common in many indus- tion equipment, automated closing doors, toe protection are increasingly common. tries. In fact, according to pallet jacks or forklifts. These options not only meet jobsite safety the U.S. Bureau of Labor standards but allow for an easy transition Statistics, in 2018 there were • Static dissipative causes: Are employ- from work to everyday activities. Wover 900,000 workplace injuries that resulted ees at risk of coming into contact with static in days away from work; more than 10 per- charges from things like sensitive electronics Accessorize for Comfort cent of them were foot or ankle injuries. or paint areas? When you think about footwear, it’s also im- portant to think about other closely related If you’ve ever dealt with an injury in the • Electrical hazards: Does the work envi- items such as socks and footbeds. Socks are workplace, you’re probably aware they can ronment contain objects that might cause the main item to help manage moisture, reg- have extensive ramifications. From reduced electrical injuries such as exposed or aging ulate temperature and provide cushioning in employee morale and production delays to wiring or electrical equipment? key areas, keeping your feet dry and com- legal and regulatory headaches, there are fortable all day. It’s best to go with a sock many ways foot injuries can slow your team • Puncture risks: Is there anything com- that complements the footwear, uses pre- down. At scale, workplace injuries can be monly found in the work environment, such mium materials and is carefully constructed. quite costly. One estimate by the National as scrap metal, pallet nails or glass, that Safety Council puts the direct and indirect might puncture footwear and cause injury? Another accessory to consider is a footbed. cost of work-related injuries and illnesses in Depending on the shape of a person’s foot, the U.S. at $160 billion each year. The Perfect Fit customized orthotic footbeds might be needed The best boot for the job only performs the to ensure optimal comfort. If so, look for a du- That’s why, as a safety professional, your top way it was intended to if it fits properly. The rable footbed designed to fit the shape of your priority is ensuring a safe and productive right size and width of a work boot ensures foot and the shape of the boot to ensure a snug environment for employees. While it’s dif- all-day comfort and helps reduce the chance but not bulky fit. Go with a footwear company ficult to anticipate and protect against every of jobsite injuries. A footwear company that that uses a digital scanner to access a foot’s pres- injury, outfitting employees with the proper properly trains all associates to understand sure points in order to determine if a footbed is footwear can go a long way toward reducing how to fit for length and width while under- needed and if so, the best type for your foot. the frequency and severity of many inju- standing feet come in many different shapes ries. Here are a few things to consider when and sizes will ensure your employees are Shoe Care looking for protective footwear. properly fitted for footwear. It probably comes as no surprise, but count- less hours in a variety of tough elements can Understand the Work Environment By using a combination of traditional meth- take a toll on your footwear. And although The first step in finding the proper footwear ods and technology, the unique size, shape, high-quality footwear will last longer, a little is understanding what you’re up against by arch height and pressure points of each foot maintenance goes a long way. Taking the time determining what types of hazards workers can be measured. This data is indispensable to properly clean, condition and protect one’s are running into on a regular basis. Here are for getting a customized fit. It’s also im- footwear can extend the life of the boot, saving a few to look out for: portant to look at gender-specific footwear time and money. Ask your footwear company design, because women and men’s feet are or seek one out that provides shoe care kits • Slips, trips and falls: Are the floors often shaped differently. A footwear manufacturer along with lifetime tune-ups, cleaning and mi- covered in oil or other liquids that might in- should use gender-specific lasts when build- nor repairs to make it easy to keep work boots crease the risk of slips or falls? Other exam- ing footwear to ensure the best fit possible. performing both on and off the jobsite. ples of high-risk fall surfaces include polished concrete, slippery floor materials, stairs with- Next-Generation Materials Purpose-built footwear starts with quality ma- out no-slip treatments, uneven flooring and As a result of wearing breathable materials terials and detailed craftsmanship, but a work the uneven ground of a construction site. outside of work, today’s workers expect work boot will only keep workers safe if it fits prop- boots to be lightweight and not bulky while erly, has the right safety features, is equipped • Common impact sources: Are there any still meeting safety standards and featuring with the proper accessories and is well-main- objects in the work environment that pose a the latest performance attributes. Due to re- tained. A good footwear company will act as risk of falling or being dropped on workers’ cent material advancements, lightweight foot- a true partner and will guarantee your work- feet? For example, tools on raised tables, tools wear options that perform under the toughest ers not only find proper footwear for the job, used in a raised work site, large crates being conditions are becoming more common, al- but a work boot that fits their lifestyle without lifted or other heavy materials being moved. lowing for comfort on and off the jobsite. sacrificing comfort or safety. ESG
• Compression or rollover risk factors: In addition, a work boot doesn’t need to al- James Iwanski is director of industrial Do workers interact with objects or terrain ways look like a traditional work boot. New business at Red Wing Shoe Company. Learn that might cause compression or rollover foot low-profile products that look like stylish more at redwingshoes.com.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 15 LOCATING & MARKING
Understanding the Marks: Locating and Marking Practices
TAKEN FROM CGA BEST PRACTICES 17.0
perator markings of facilities in- 2. The following marking examples illus- but the number and width of the facilities is O clude the following: trate how an operator may choose to mark known. Marks are placed over the approxi- • The appropriate color for their facility type their subsurface installations: mate center of the facilities and indicate the • Their company identifier (name, initials, number and width of the facilities. Example: or abbreviation) when other companies are a. Single Facility Marking: Used to four plastic facilities that are 4 in. in diam- using the same color mark a single facility. This can be done eter (4/4” PLA). (Illustration 2b) • The total number of facilities and the in one of two ways • placing the marks width of each facility over the approximate center of the facility. c. Conduit Marking: Used for any locat- • A description of the facility (HP, FO, (Illustration 2a1) or able facility being carried inside conduits or STL, etc). • placing the marks over the approximate ducts. The marks indicating the outer ex- outside edges of the facility with a line con- tremities denote the actual located edges of Use paint, flags, stakes, whiskers, necting the two horizontal lines (in the form the facilities being represented. Example: or a combination to identify the of an H) to indicate there is only one facility. four plastic conduits that are 4 in. in diam- operator’s facility(s) at or near an (Illustration 2a2) eter (4/4” PLA), and the marks are 16 in. excavation site. apart, indicating the actual left and right 1. Marks in the appropriate color are ap- These examples indicate an operator’s 12 in. edges of the facilities. (Illustration 2c) proximately 12 in. to 18 in. long and 1 in. facility. When a facility can be located or wide, spaced approximately 4 ft to 50 ft toned separately from other facilities of the d. Corridor Marking: Used to mark mul- apart. When marking facilities, the operator same type, it is marked as a single facility.41 tiple facilities of the same type (e.g., elec- considers the type of facility being located, tric), bundled or intertwined in the same the terrain of the land, the type of excava- b. Multiple Facility Marking: Used to trench, where the total number of facili- tion being done, and the method required mark multiple facilities of the same type ties is not readily known (operator has to adequately mark the facilities for the ex- (e.g., electric), where the separation does not no record on file for the number of facili- cavator. (Illustration 1) allow for a separate tone for each facility, ties). Marks are placed over the approxi- mate center of the facilities and indicate Illustration 1 the width of the corridor. The width of the
SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB CURB corridor is the distance between the actual CURB 4’ to 50’ in distanceSIDEWALK GASCO SIDEWALK GASCO 12” STL 12” STL 12” to 18” GASCO 12” STL1” wide located outside edges of the combined fa- GASCO 12” STL between marks Approximate Center Approximatecilities. Outside Example: a 12 in. corridor (12” Edges of Facilities Approximate Center of Facilities Approximate Outside of Facilities Edges of Facilities CDR). (Illustration 2d) Illustration 2a1 Illustration 2a2 Illustration 2b
CURB SIDEWALKCURB CURB SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALK SIDEWALK SIDEWALKCURB CURB GASCO 12” STL SIDEWALKGASCOCURB 12” STL GASCO 12” STL SIDEWALKGASCOCURB 12” STLSIDEWALK SIDEWALKCURB CURB ELECO 4/4” PLA SIDEWALK TELCO GASCO GASCO 12” STL 4/4” PLA 12” STL ELECO 4/4” PLA TELCO 4/4” PLA Approximate Outside Approximate Center Approximate Center Approximate Outside Edges of Facilities Edges of Facilities of Facilities of Facilities Approximate Outside Approximate Center Approximate Center of Facilities of Facilities Actual Outer Edges of Facilities Edges of Facilities Actual Outer Edges of Facilities Approximate Center of Facilities
Illustration 2c Illustration 2d
GASCO GASCO CURB4” off SIDEWALKCURB CURB SIDEWALK SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALK 4” off 12” 4/4” PLA ELECOCURBSIDEWALK4/4” PLACURB TELCO ELECO SIDEWALK TELCO 4/4” PLASIDEWALKCURB 4/4” PLA 12” STLSIDEWALKCURB 12” CDR ELECO 4/4”ELECO PLA TELCO 4/4” PLA STL ELECO 12” CDR
Approximate Center of FacilitiesApproximate Center of FacilitiesApproximate Center of Combined Facilities Actual Outer Edges ofActual Facilities Outer Edges of Facilities Approximate Center of Combined Facilities Approximate CenterActual of Outer Facilities Edges of Facilities Actual Outer Edges of Facilities Actual Outer Edges of Facilities
Approximate Center 16 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM Approximate Center 2021
GASCO GASCO 4” off 4” off GASCO CURB 12” 12” 4”SIDEWALK offCURB SIDEWALK STL ELECO 12” CDR STL ELECO 12” ELECO 12” CDR SIDEWALKELECOCURB STL6” PLA 12” CDR 6” PLA ELECO Approximate Center of CombinedApproximate Facilities Center of Combined Facilities Actual Outer Edges of FacilitiesActual Outer EdgesApproximate of Facilities Center of Combined Facilities Actual Outer Edges of Facilities ELECO VAULT ELECO ELECO VAULT ELECO Approximate Center Approximate Center Approximate Center ELECO 6” PLA ELECO 6” PLA
Approximate Center Approximate Center ELECO ELECO 6” PLA ELECO 6” PLA CITYCO TELCO ELECO 6” PLA CITYCO TELCO ELECO DE DE TELCO ELECOGASCO VAULTWATERCOELECOELECO VAULT ELECO TELCO GASCO WATERCO9/4”CAB 4” PLA 12”STL ELECO VAULT ELECO 9/4”CAB 4” PLA 12”STL GASCO ELECO ELECO 6” GASCOPLA 6” PLA 2” PLA 2” PLA ELECO 6” PLA GASCO TELCO Approximate Center Approximate Center GASCO4” PLA GASCO TELCO6” PLA/12” STL FO (4”STL) GASCO4” PLA Approximate Center 6” PLA/12” STL FO (4”STL) NO CITYCO/W NO CITYCO/W NO TELCO Approximate Center CITYCO TELCO CITYCOELECO TELCO ELECO NO TELCO Work Area Approximate Center NO GASCO/G/D/T CITYCO TELCO ELECO NO GASCO/G/D/TDE WorkDE Area Delineation NODelineation ELECO NO ELECO DE TELCO GASCOTELCOWATERCOGASCO WATERCO 9/4”CAB 4” PLA9/4”CAB12”STL 4”TELCO PLA 12”STLGASCO WATERCO GASCO GASCO 9/4”CAB 4” PLA 12”STL 2” PLA 2” PLA GASCO 2” PLA GASCO 12” GASCO GASCOTELCO TELCO GASCO 12” STL GASCO GASCO4” PLA GASCO4” PLA 8’ off 6” PLA/12” STL 6”FO PLA/12” (4”STL) STLGASCO FO (4”STL) TELCO GASCO 8’ off STL NO CITYCO/W NO CITYCO/W 4’ off GASCO4” PLA 6” PLA/12” STL FO (4”STL) 4’ off NO TELCO NO TELCO NO CITYCO/W 12” Approximate Center Approximate Center 12” NO GASCO/G/D/TNO GASCO/G/D/TWorkNO Area TELCO Work Area STL Approximate Center DelineationSTL Delineation NO ELECO NO ELECO NO GASCO/G/D/T Work Area Approximate Center Delineation Approximate Center NO ELECO
Approximate Center Approximate Center
GASCO 12” GASCO 12” GASCO GASCO 8’ off STL 8’ off STL GASCO 12” 4’ off 4’ off GASCO 8’ off STL 12” 12” 4’ off STL STL 12” STL Approximate Center Approximate Center Approximate Center Approximate Center Approximate Center Approximate Center SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB GASCO GASCO 12” STL 12” STL
Approximate Center Approximate Outside of Facilities Edges of Facilities
SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB ELECO 4/4” PLA TELCO 4/4” PLA
SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB Actual Outer Edges of Facilities Approximate Center of Facilities GASCO 12”GASCO STL GASCO 12” STL GASCO 12” STLGASCO 12” STLGASCO 12” STL 12” STL SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB GASCO GASCO 12” STL 12” STL SIDEWALKCURBApproximate ApproximateOutside ApproximateOutside Outside Approximate ApproximateCenter ApproximateCenterSIDEWALKCURB Center SIDEWALKCURB EdgesGASCO of FacilitiesApproximate Outside Edges of Facilities CURB GASCOApproximate12” STL Center Edges12” STL of Facilities SIDEWALK of Facilities of Facilities of Facilities of Facilities GASCO Edges of Facilities 4” off SIDEWALKCURB GASCO SIDEWALKCURB GASCO 12” STL 12” STL Approximate Center12” SIDEWALKCURB Approximate Outside of Facilities GASCO Edges12” of FacilitiesSTL GASCO 12” STL STL ELECO 12” CDR Approximate Outside Approximate Center Approximate Center of Combined Facilities Actual Outer EdgesEdges of Facilities of Facilities Approximateof Facilities Center Approximate Outside of Facilities Edges of Facilities
Approximate Center SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB ELECO 4/4” PLA TELCO 4/4” PLA SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB ELECO 4/4” PLA TELCO 4/4” PLA Actual Outer Edges of Facilities SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKApproximateCURB Center of Facilities SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB ELECO 6” PLA ELECO 4/4” PLAELECO 4/4” PLAELECO 4/4” PLA TELCO TELCO4/4” PLA TELCO4/4” PLA 4/4” PLA Actual Outer Edges of Facilities Approximate Center of Facilities
ELECO VAULTCURB ELECO SIDEWALK Approximate Center of FacilitiesApproximate Center of Facilities SIDEWALKCURB GASCO Approximate Center of Facilities Actual OuterActual Edges Outer of FacilitiesActual Edges Outer of Facilities Edges of Facilities 4” off CURB 4/4” PLA SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALK ELECO CURB ELECOSIDEWALK6” PLACURB SIDEWALK TELCO 4/4” PLA 12” SIDEWALKCURB GASCO GASCO 12” STL 4/4” PLA GASCO 12” STL STL 12” CDR ELECO TELCO 4/4” PLA 4” off ELECO Approximate Center CURB Approximate Center 12” SIDEWALKApproximate Outside Edges of Facilities Approximate Center of Combined Facilities of Facilities STL ELECO 12” CDR SIDEWALKCURB Actual Outer Edges of FacilitiesApproximate Center of Facilities Actual Outer EdgesSIDEWALK ofCURB Facilities CITYCO TELCO ELECO GASCO GASCO 12” STL 12” STL Approximate Center of ApproximateCombined Facilities Center of Facilities Actual Outer Edges of Facilities DE Actual Outer Edges of Facilities Approximate Center Approximate Center Approximate Outside GASCOof Facilities GASCOTELCO GASCOGASCO WATERCO Edges of Facilities SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB Approximate9/4”CAB Center4” PLA 12”STL 4” off 4” off 4” off GASCO GASCO GASCO 12” STL 12” STL 2” PLA CURB SIDEWALKCURBCURB CURB SIDEWALKCURB 12” 12” 12” SIDEWALK SIDEWALK SIDEWALK Approximate Outside ELECO 4/4” PLA TELCO Approximate Center ELECO of Facilities4/4”STL PLA STLGASCO STL TELCO Edges of FacilitiesELECO 12” CDRELECO 12” CDRELECO 12” CDR GASCO 6” PLA 4” PLA 6” PLA/12” STL FO (4”STL) NO CITYCO/W GASCOELECO Actual Outer Edges of Facilities NO TELCO Approximate Center of Facilities Approximate Center GASCO4” off6” PLA SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB NO GASCO/G/D/T ApproximateWork Area ApproximateCenter of Combined ApproximateCenter ofFacilities Combined Center ofFacilities Combined Facilities ELECO 4/4”Delineation PLA TELCO 4” off CURB 3. Changes in direction4/4” PLA and lateral12” connec- Example: staked offset SIDEWALK(off)NO ELECO(Illustration 3d)Actual Outer ActualELECOEdges VAULT ofOuter Facilities ActualEdgesELECO ofOuter Facilities Edges of Facilities STL CURB 12” CDR tions are clearly indicated at the12” point where Illustration 3d SIDEWALK ELECO Actual Outer Edges of Facilities Approximate CenterELECO of Facilities VAULT ELECO the changeELECO in direction6” PLA or connectionSTL oc- 12” CDR SIDEWALKCURB ELECO SIDEWALKCURB GASCO curs, with an arrow indicating the path of ELECO 4/4” PLA ApproximateTELCO Center4/4” PLA Approximate Center4” off Approximate Center of Combined Facilities ApproximateELECOApproximate6” PLA Center Center the facility. A radius is indicated with marks 12” SIDEWALKCURB GASCO 12” ApproximateActual Outer CenterEdges ofof FacilitiesCombined Facilities describing the arc. When providing offset STL GASCOELECO 12” CDR 8. Termination points or dead ends are in- 8’ off STL Approximate Center of Facilities markings (paintActualApproximate Outer or stakes),Edges Center of Facilitiesshow the direc- 4’ off dicated asActual such. Outer Example: Edges of Facilities GASCO CITYCO TELCO ELECO Approximate Center of Combined Facilities tion of the facility and distance to the facil- 4” off 12” STL Actual Outer Edges of Facilities DE CURB ity from theApproximate markings. Center 12” CITYCO TELCOSIDEWALKELECO STL ELECO 12” CDR ApproximateExample: Center radius (Illustration 3a) TELCO GASCO WATERCO DE Approximate Center Approximate Center 9/4”CAB 4” PLA 12”STL 9. When there is “No Conflict” with the ELECOIllustration 3aELECO ELECO GASCO Approximate Center of Combined Facilities GASCO 4” off TELCO GASCOApproximateWATERCO Center Actualexcavation, Outer Edges of Facilities complete one or more of the 9/4”CAB 4” PLACURB12”STL 6”2” PLA PLA 6” PLA 6” PLA 12” SIDEWALK following: STL 12” CDR GASCO GASCO TELCO ELECO ELECOApproximate Center 2” PLA GASCO4” PLA 6” PLA/12” STL FO (4”STL) 6” PLA Approximate• OperatorsCenterNO CITYCO/Wof Combined of aFacilities single type of facility (e.g., ELECO 4. An operator’sGASCO identifier (name,TELCO abbreviaActual- OuterTELCO) EdgesNO ofTELCO Facilities mark the area “NO” followed by GASCOApproximate4” PLA Center 6” PLA/12” STL FO (4”STL) tion, or initials) is placed at the beginning the NOappropriateNO GASCO/G/D/T CITYCO/W company identifierWork Area in the ELECO6” PLA ELECO VAULTDelineationELECO VAULTELECO VAULTELECO ELECO Approximate Center and at the end of the proposed work. In matchingNONOELECO ELECO TELCO APWA VAULT colorELECO code for that facil- Approximate Center ELECO 6” PLA NO GASCO/G/D/T Work Area 6” PLA addition, subsequent operators using the ity. Example: NO TELCO Delineation same color mark their company identifier NO ELECO ELECO 6” PLA ELECO 6” PLAELECO 6” PLAELECO 6” PLA at all points where their facility crosses an- • Operators of multiple facilities mark the ELECO VAULT ELECO Approximate Center ELECO other operator’s facility using the same color. area “NO” followed by theELECO appropriate VAULT ELECO GASCO 12” 6” PLA Reduce the separation of excavation marks company identifier in the matching APWA GASCO ELECO VAULT ELECO Approximate ApproximateCenter ApproximateCenter8’ off STLCenterELECO 6” PLA to a length that can reasonably be seen by color code for that facility with a slash and CITYCO TELCO ELECO 4’ off Example:GASCO lateral12” connection (Illustration 3b) the operator’s locators when the terrain at an the abbreviation for the type of facility for 12” DE ELECO STL ELECO VAULTGASCO ELECO 6” PLA 8’ off ApproximateExample: Center painted offset excavation site warrants. Examples: which there isSTL4’ “No off Conflict.” Example: NO Illustration 3b ELECO 6” PLA TELCO GASCO WATERCO GASCO/G/D12” illustrates that GASCO has 9/4”CAB 4” PLA 12”STL ELECO Approximate6” PLA Center CITYCO CITYCOTELCOCITYCOCITYCOTELCOELECOTELCO ELECOTELCOELECO ELECOno gas distributionSTL facilities at this excava- GASCO Approximate Center tion site. The following abbreviationsDE are 2” PLA DE DE DE Approximate Center ApproximateApproximate Center Center 5. Information regarding the size and com- Approximateused when Center appropriate: /G/D (gas distribu- position GASCOofTELCO the facilityGASCO is TELCOmarkedWATERCO at an ap- tion); /G/T (gas transmission); /E/D (electric GASCO4” PLA 6” 9/4”CABPLA/12” STL4” PLAFO 12”STL(4”STL) ApproximateNO CITYCO/W Center TELCO propriateTELCOGASCOCITYCO frequency.TELCOWATERCOGASCOTELCO Examples:ELECOWATERCOGASCO the number WATERCOdistribution); /E/T (electric transmission). GASCO CITYCO TELCO ELECO NO TELCO Approximate Center of ducts in a multi-duct structure, width of DE 2” PLA 9/4”CAB 9/4”CAB4” PLA 9/4”CAB12”STL4” PLA 12”STL4” PLA 12”STLNO GASCO/G/D/T Work Area a CITYCOpipeline, and whetherTELCO it is steel,ELECO plastic, • Place a clear plastic (translucent)Delineation flag that DE TELCOGASCO GASCO WATERCOTELCO NO ELECO GASCO GASCO GASCO GASCO4” PLA cable, etc. states “No Conflict” in lettering matching the 9/4”CAB6” PLA/12”4” PLA STL 12”STLFO (4”STL) NO CITYCO/W DE APWA color code of the facility that is not 2” PLA 2” PLA 2” PLA GASCO NO TELCO Approximate Center TELCO GASCO WATERCO 2” PLA in conflict.NO GASCO/G/D/T Include on the Workflag Area the operator’s Delineation GASCO TELCO9/4”CABGASCOGASCO GASCOTELCOGASCO4” PLATELCOWATERCOTELCO12”STL TELCOidentifier,NO ELECO phone number, a place to write the GASCO4” PLA 6” PLA/12” STL FO (4”STL) locate ticket number, and date. Operators of GASCO4” PLA GASCO4” PLA GASCO4” PLA GASCO 12” 6” PLA/12”9/4”CAB6” STL PLA/12”6”FO4” STL PLA/12”(4”STL)PLA 12”STLFO STL (4”STL)FO (4”STL)NO CITYCO/W GASCO (off) (IllustrationSTL 3c) 6. Facilities installed in a casing are identified multiple GASCOfacilities indicate on the flag which 8’ off NO TELCONO4’ offCITYCO/WNO CITYCO/WNO CITYCO/W Approximate Center GASCO2” PLA Illustration 3c as such. Examples: 6 in. plastic in 12 in. steel facilitiesNO GASCO/G/D/T are in “No Conflict”Work Area with the excava- NO12” TELCO NODelineation TELCONO TELCO 2” PLAApproximate ApproximateCenter ApproximateCenter Center and fiber optic in 4 in. steel. tionNO ELECO(see theSTL previous example). Work Area Work Area Work Area GASCO 12” GASCO TELCO NO GASCO/G/D/TNO GASCO/G/D/TNO GASCO/G/D/T GASCO 8’ off STL Approximate Center Delineation Delineation Delineation GASCO4” PLA GASCO6” PLA/12” STL TELCOFO (4”STL) • If it NOcan be 4’ELECO offdeterminedNONO CITYCO/WELECOthroughNO maps ELECO or records that12” the proposed excavation is ob- GASCO4” PLA 6” PLA/12” STL FO (4”STL) Approximate Center viously not inSTL conflictNONO with CITYCO/WTELCO their facility, the Approximate Center GASCO 12” locator or operator of the facility may notify STL Approximate Center GASCO NO TELCO Work Area Approximate Center 8’ off 7. Structures such as vaults, inlets, and lift the excavator4’ off of “NoNO Conflict” GASCO/G/D/T by phone, WorkDelineation Area stations that are physically larger than ob- fax, or e-mail,12” or throughNO GASCO/G/D/T the One Call Approximate Center NO ELECO Delineation vious surface indications are marked so as Center, whereSTL electronicNO ELECOpositive response to define the parameters of the structure. is used. Operators of multiple facilities in- Approximate Center Example: dicate a “No Conflict” for each facility (see GASCO 12”GASCO 12”GASCO 12” the previous examples). STL STL STL Approximate Center GASCO GASCO GASCO 8’ off 8’ off 8’ off 4’ off 4’ off 4’ off 2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM12” 12” 17 12” GASCO 12” STL STL STL GASCO 12”STL GASCO 8’ off GASCO4’ off 8’ off ApproximateSTL ApproximateCenter ApproximateCenter Center 4’12” off 12”STL Approximate ApproximateCenter ApproximateCenterSTL Center Approximate Center Approximate Center
Approximate Center Approximate Center SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB GASCO GASCO 12” STL 12” STL
Approximate Center Approximate Outside of Facilities Edges of Facilities
SIDEWALKCURB SIDEWALKCURB ELECO 4/4” PLA TELCO 4/4” PLA
Actual Outer Edges of Facilities Approximate Center of Facilities
GASCO 4” off 12” SIDEWALKCURB LOCATING & MARKING STL ELECO 12” CDR Approximate Center of Combined Facilities Actual Outer Edges of Facilities
Approximate Center
• Place “No Conflict” markings or flags in COLOR CODE IDENTIFIERS a location that can be observed by the exca- ELECO vator and/or notify the excavator by phone, WHITE Proposed6” Excavation PLA fax, or e-mail that there is “No Conflict” with your facilities. When the excavation is delineated by the use of white markings, PINK Temporary Survey Markings place “No ELECOConflict” VAULT markingsELECO or flags in or as near as practicable to the delineated area. Electric Power Lines, Cables, Conduit, RED ELECO 6” PLA and Lighting Cables Caution: Allow adequate space for all facil- ity mark-outs. Approximate Center YELLOW Gas, Oil, Steam, Petroleum, or Gaseous Materials “No Conflict” indicates that the operator Communication, Alarm or SignalCITYCO Lines,TELCO ELECO verifying the “No Conflict” has no facili- ORANGE Cables, or Conduit ties within the scope of the delineation;DE or when there is no delineation, there are no TELCO GASCO WATERCO facilities within the work area as described BLUE Potable Water 9/4”CAB 4” PLA 12”STL on the locate ticket. Example: GASCO 2” PLA PURPLE Reclaimed Water, Irrigation,GASCO and Slurry LinesTELCO GASCO4” PLA 6” PLA/12” STL FO (4”STL) NO CITYCO/W GREEN Sewers and Drain Lines NO TELCO Approximate Center NO GASCO/G/D/T Work Area Delineation NO ELECO FACILITY IDENTIFIER CH Chemical E Electric FO Fiber Optic G Gas LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas PP Petroleum Products Guide for Abbreviation Use GASCO 12” RR Railroad Signal S Sewer Follow these GASCOguidelines when placing abbre- 8’ off STL SD Storm Drain SL Street Lightning viations in the4’ field: off STM Steam SP Slurry System 12” SS Storm Sewer TEL Telephone • Place the CompanySTL Identifier at the top or TS Traffic Signal TV Television at the left of the abbreviations. Approximate Center W Reclaimed Water “Purple” W Water
UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION DESCRIPTIONS •Approximate Place the Center abbreviations in the follow- C Conduit CDR Corridor ing order: Company Identifier / Facility D Distribution Facility DB Direct Buried Identifier / Underground Construction DE Dead End JT Joint Trench Descriptions / Infrastructure Material. HP High Pressure HH Hand Hole Example: TELCO/TEL/FO/PLA indicates MH Manhole PB Pull Box that TELCO has a telecommunication fiber R Radius STR Structure (vaults, junction boxes, optic line in a single plastic conduit. The use inlets, lift stations) of the abbreviation /TEL is not necessary, T Transmission Facility because the orange marking would indicate INFRASTRUCTURE MATERIAL that the facility was a communication line; ABS Acrylonitrile - Butadiene - Styrene ACP Asbestos Cement Pipe but its use is optional. CI Cast Iron CMC Cement Mortar Coated CML Cement Mortar Lined CPP Corrugated Plastic Pipe • To omit one or more of the abbreviation CMP Corrugated Metal Pipe CU Copper types, use the order described above but CWD Cresote Wood Duct HDPE High Density Polyethylene omit the slash and abbreviation that does MTD Multiple Tile Duct PLA Plastic (conduit or pipe) not apply. Example: to omit /TEL, the re- RCB Reinforced Concrete Box RCP Reinforced Concrete Pipe sult would be TELCO/FO/PLA. ESG RF Reinforced Fiberglass SCCP Steel Cylinder Concrete Pipe STL Steel VCP Vertrified Clay Pipe
18 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 THE INAUGURAL GLOBAL Locate plaque commemorating their achievement brightest employees compete for the honor Masters (GLM) is schedule to take place along with recognition in dp-PRO, the indus- of representing their company at GLM. The during Damage Prevention Week at the try’s leading damage prevention publication. skills locate technicians use every day in the 2022 Global Excavation Safety Conference The 3rd place winner will receive a $500 cash field can be tested and flexed to the extreme in Phoenix, Arizona March 1-3. The com- award, and the 2nd place winner $750. using UTTO’s locate simulators. petition is designed to test the top locators • Local Qualifying Event: Regional GLM in the world in a skills competition unlike Ultimately a single winner will be crowned. competitions makes a spectacular value-add any held before. Using UTTO virtual lo- Along with a $1,000 cash award, the top to any industry function. Locate technicians cate simulators, locators have the unprec- placing technician will be named the are given the opportunity to showcase their edented opportunity to showcase their skills Global Locate Masters 2022 champion skills, and other attendees are given the rare in front of one another and an audience of and spokesperson. This honor includes in- chance to see how locating really works. damage prevention peers. terviews for magazine features, publicity • UTTO simulators are available for purchase quotes in social media to promote excel- or rental. Contact Jeanne at UTTO for more Typically, locators are evaluated by the lence in locating, and recognition of this details. 239.313.9350 / [email protected] mistakes they make, making it difficult achievement, along with company recogni- to find recognition for everything they do tion in all 2021 media coverage associated 3. Placement at an International right. GLM is the opportunity for these with GLM. The champion’s name is the Locate Rodeo industry professionals to display how their very first name etched on the Global Locate The top 3 placers at an official International years of experience, critical thinking, and Masters Cup, a perpetual trophy put on dis- Locate Rodeo competition (national or re- mental agility combine to allow them to play every year at the Global ESC! gional) qualify to compete at GLM. Follow
complete difficult locates in an accurate Qualification upcoming International Locate Rodeo and timely manner. The Master’s compe- To find and crown the best locate techni- events and opportunities on Facebook. tition recognizes, rewards, and shines a cian in the world, GLM offers several quali- spotlight on the world’s best utility locat- fication methods. 4. Onsite qualification at the 2022 ing professionals. Global Excavation Safety Conference 1. Employer nomination Competition Format Employers are encouraged to nominate All interested technicians, conference del- The competition features UTTO virtual lo- employees who exemplify excellence in lo- egates, and members of the public may com- cate simulators, providing a novel opportunity cating. Not all of the world’s most skilled pete to qualify onsite at the Global ESC. for indoor competition with realistic, variable, and responsible locators have the opportu- This option gives those who may not have and highly customizable locate scenarios. The nity compete in regional or international had the opportunity to compete in a qualify- simulator accurately replicates the unique locating competitions. Employers who ing event to pit their skills against competi- challenges found in the field and its on-the- feel their locate technician(s) represent the tors. Onsite qualification take place at the fly programmability allows for fair competi- best combination of skill, accuracy con- Phoenix Convention Center, home of the tion with equal standards across competitors. sistency, and passion for the job are en- Global ESC, Monday, February 28, 2022. Most exciting, changing locate scenarios al- couraged to nominate them by going to lows fellow competitors, conference attendees, GlobalLocateMasters.com and clicking the The world’s best locate technicians work ev- and vendors to become spectators. Qualification tab. ery day to protect the public and the under- ground utilities we all rely on, and GLM is The Locate Masters will culminate in a 2. Placement at a regional Global Locate where they showcase the immense amount of grand finale on the final day of the confer- Masters qualifying event skill it takes to do the job well. Competitors ence which features the highest performing Compete in a scheduled regional GLM qual- from around the world, from large compa- technicians of the competition. ifying events or organize your own event! nies to small, will be there to compete to call • Internal Companywide Event: Company themselves the best. Will you? ESG Awards hosted GLM events offer a special oppor- The top 10 competitors will be awarded a tunity for employers to let their best and Visit GlobalLocateMasters.com
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 19 LOCATING & MARKING Digging
DEEPINTO DEPTH ESTIMATES
BY BOB NIGHSWONGER
THE LIKELIHOOD OF or several reasons, including signal strength and shape, the electronic depth estimate provided by locate equipment is not guaranteed. A depth ERROR INCREASES estimate provided by the locate technician may give an excavator a false sense of Fsecurity when crossing over or under a buried line. WITH THE DEPTH OF The electronic depth reading is not a reading that you would want to bet anyone’s life on. The depth readings provided by handheld electromagnetic line locating equip- THE LINE BECAUSE ment is an estimation of distance from the bottom of the signal receiver to the center of a locatable signal broadcasting from an underground line. The only absolutely ac- SIGNALS CREATED curate way to know the depth of any buried line is to safely expose the line and see it with your own eyes.
ON DEEPER LINES Electronic Depth Estimation and Signal Fields An electronic depth measurement is a distance calculation from the bottom of the ARE WEAKER AND locator’s signal receiver to the center of the signal field being detected – NOT a mea- surement of the depth of cover over a buried pipe. Since the receiver is estimating LESS RELIABLE distance to the center of a perfectly round signal, if you are locating a large diameter pipe the depth calculation is to the center of the pipe. Many equipment manuals claim that in suitable conditions the accuracy of the depth reading provided by the WHEN DETECTED AT signal receiver should be +/- 5% for lines up to 10 to 15 feet in ideal conditions. The likelihood of error increases with the depth of the line because signals created on SURFACE LEVEL. deeper lines are weaker and less reliable when detected at surface level.
20 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 OTHER AREAS TO AVOID TAKING A DEPTH READING WOULD BE NEAR A TEE IN A PIPE OR SPLICE IN A CABLE OR TRACER WIRE.
tion directly over the line. This will be the top dead center of the round signal field. Then establish the exact direction of the line. Some receivers align the handle of the receiver to the direction of the buried line. Set the bottom of the receiver on the ground while maintaining alignment and obtain an elec- tronic depth reading by either the push of a button or full time display. Note the depth at ground level and then raise the receiver 12-18 inches up from the ground. Check the depth reading again and do the math. The reading should equal the sum of the depth at ground level plus the distance you raised the receiver.
There are many areas along a buried line where depth measurements are not favor- able, including any point that is within 8-10 feet of an abrupt turn or change of direction in the target line or areas where the line could be at a downward or upward pitch from the surface of the ground. Other areas to avoid taking a depth reading would be near a tee in a pipe or splice in a cable or tracer wire. In these areas, the signal splits in multiple directions and will collide and distort. Finally, any point along the path of Suitable conditions for depth measurement Tips for Electronic Depth Estimating a target line where signal may bleed over to are when the signal transmitter is directly For best results, choose a point along the another nearby line or metallic object like a connected to a facility that is buried in a target line where it runs in a straight line for fence or heavy equipment, including joint straight line without any adjacent facilities at least 10 feet in both directions from that trench scenarios where your targeted line is in the ground. The optimum locatable sig- point. Avoid taking a depth measurement buried with several other lines. These areas nal would be a strong signal with a perfect- within 15 feet of the transmitter due to inter- may cause the target signal to become sub- ly round shape as it radiates or broadcasts fering fields being broadcast for the tempo- stantially distorted due to signal coupling. out from the underground line, similar to rary ground stake and wire connection leads. a water ripple created by a golf ball in the With the countless variables which can middle of a pond of calm water. The most accurate depth estimates are nor- cause an electronic depth reading to be in mally obtained from a buried line when the error, it will never be as reliable as safely ex- When signal wave distortion exists, that measurement is taken from a signal created by posing a buried line prior to digging across, signal is not perfectly round and results in a signal transmitter that is directly connected above or beneath a buried line. If the depth the mathematical calculation of distance to the targeted line. The depth assumptions of the line is important, the only way to to line to be incorrect. In the event of sig- are that the receiver is directly over the top of guarantee it… is to see it. Dig Safe! ESG nal distortion caused by target signal cou- the line. Another assumption is that the re- pling with a nearby line, the depth reading ceiver’s handle is aligned with the direction of Bob Nighswonger is President of Utility can be in error up to 50% off the actual the line or the orientation of the signal field. Training Academy (UTA). Visit damage- depth. That means a line buried 10 feet preventiontraining.com to learn more deep can produce a depth reading ranging Use the guidance indicators and signal about damage prevention training for ex- from 5 to 15 feet. strength readout to pinpoint the exact loca- cavators and locators.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 21 LOCATING & MARKING
rgonomics is the way you These injuries often start out minor, such time can cause a problem, but activities use your body to work and as a muscle pull, but become much more with more than one hazard can increase fitting the job or task to you serious if you continue to perform the task physical discomfort even more. to reduce your risk of injury. which originally triggered the injury with- The goal of ergonomics is to out getting proper treatment. If not given • REPETITION involves doing the same Ereduce the risk of soft tissue injuries. These opportunity to heal, these injuries can task repeatedly that uses the same muscles over injuries typically develop slowly over time become chronic, which means they will and over. Repeating the same motion too often and involve nerves, muscles, tendons, joints stay with you for a long time. There have can cause wear and tear on your joints. STIs and ligaments. Examples of these injuries been cases where injuries have become so can develop if you do not rest and allow time include low back strain, carpal tunnel syn- serious that it becomes painful to perform for your body to heal. Take control over the drome, and tendonitis. simple tasks such as walking or holding a motions you make and how often you make pen or pencil. them. Reduce repetitive motion hazards by: ERGONOMICS
Importance of Ergonomics in The human body is like a machine with + Taking stretch breaks. If done properly, Excavation Safety limits that vary from model to model. We stretching increases flexibility which Ergonomics helps to ensure you do not do not come with an instruction manual, directly translates into reduced risk of physically overexert yourself in the work- so we have to depend on the feedback our injury. A muscle/tendon group with a place. Reducing this stress on your body body gives us for self-maintenance and greater range of motion passively will be eliminates many injuries associated with care. The wisdom we use in applying the less likely to experience tears when used overuse of muscles, awkward positions, and feedback received determines how resistant actively. repetitive motions. our bodies will be to failure. We have some + Spreading your repetitive tasks through- individual control over most of these issues out the day. Soft Tissue Injuries (STIs) such as our daily decisions on and off the + Moving your muscles in opposite direc- Soft tissue injuries (STIs) may occur from job which impact both the frequency and tions or different ways to stay balanced. activity at home, during work or recreational seriousness of STIs. activity. These injuries may be the result of a • HIGH FORCE uses high muscle pow- single incident (such as a sudden fall, jerk, or The Risks of STIs and How You Can er during activities such as heavy lifting, blow to the body), or as a result of repeated Prevent Them pushing items or gripping tools. Moving overuse (such as shoveling or raking soil, There are 5 common ergonomic hazards heavy objects is an everyday activity that tightening bolts, or machinery operation). that may occur as part of work activities. can cause STIs. The weight of an object can The result can be serious damage and pain. One of these hazards performed over a long damage the disks in your spine or strain
22 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 the muscles in your back and shoulders. work closer to you. hands and arms becoming damaged. These This includes lifting, carrying, and placing + Tilt or rotate your work to a better position. precautions help to reduce vibration: heavy objects. Gripping heavy objects or + Bring items closer within your reach. + Using low vibration tools. applying pressure to a tool with your hands + Change the height of your workstation + Maintaining tools will usually help com- can also cause STIs. Over time, these ac- or display. plete jobs quicker and reduce your risk to tivities can strain the muscles in your hands + Take breaks. vibration exposure. and arms as well as the tendons that attach + Using anti-vibration gloves or tool wraps. the muscles to bones. • CONTACT STRESS occurs when pres- + Keeping hands warm to allow good + Examine alternatives to moving heavy sure from an object pushes on soft body tissues. blood flow and prevent tight gripping objects. Employ tools such as hand Individuals who work with hand tools that dig which can increase risks of vibration. trucks, carts or other mechanical assis- into the palms of their hands or the sides of tance, or get a lifting partner. their fingers should be aware of the potential for There are many tasks in our workplace that
ERGONOMICSBY MICHAEL KAY CARTER
+ If you must lift a heavy object, keep the contact stress. Examples include extended use subject our bodies to unhealthy physical load as close to your center of gravity as of pliers that are not padded and put pressure stress. Ergonomic practices reduce work- possible. Plan the route prior to starting in the palm of the hand and use of tools with place injuries by helping to identify these to avoid twisting. finger grooves in the sides of handles that press dangerous tasks and then redesigning the + Prevent these injuries by increasing your grip into your fingers. Practical solutions to guard way they are done. On average, each of us strength. Three ways to do this are: keeping against contact stress related injuries include: will experience at least one work-related your wrists straight, using two hands, and + Wearing padded gloves. STI during our lives. STIs can become making sure your gloves fit well. + Selecting hand tools that conform to the chronic, meaning their symptoms won’t go geometry of the hands. away, and they can result in lost workdays, • AWKWARD POSTURES involves + Taking micro-breaks. surgery or even permanent disability. ESG working with your body held in a poor po- + Initiating daily stretching. sition for a long time. Awkward positions Michael Kay Carter is Manager of Safety stress the muscles and joints. STIs can occur • HAND-ARM VIBRATION is a vibra- Operations for Generation East with the if you work in these positions too often or for tion that enters the body from a power tools Tennessee Valley Authority. He currently long periods of time. Simple fixes that can or equipment. STIs are caused when the serves as the Administrator of the American reduce or eliminate the amount of time you vibration is transferred into your arms and Society of Safety Professionals Utilities need to spend in those positions include: hands. Enough vibration exposure can re- Practice Specialty. He can be reached at + Stand on platforms that bring your sult in the nerves and blood vessels in your [email protected].
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 23 LOCATING & MARKING
BY
DANIEL BIGMAN
GPR for Civil can assist the engi- neer in solving problems Engineering using GPR technology. Despite its dynamism, GPR is not a tool that and Damage can be used in isolation of other non-destruc- is reflected towards the tive technologies. There are advantages and ground surface. The two- disadvantages to GPR and the principles of way travel time can be converted into other techniques often complement GPR. Preventiondepth if the user estimates the velocity that the GPR wave traveled. If the contrast be- Advantages of GPR tween the two materials is large (a metal pipe • easy to use There are several tech- buried in sand), then most or all the energy • easy to set up nologies that can improve rev- will be reflected. If the contrast between the • can be used with various frequencies which enue and growth for engineering firms two materials is small (the contrast between can be applied to unique applications in the damage prevention industry. Ground concrete and sand), then some of the energy • works on contrast and thus has the poten- penetrating radar (GPR) may be the most will be reflected and some will continue tial to identify targets of interest or evalu- significant non-invasive technique used to into the next material. This allows for the ate infrastructure aboveground or below- help engineering firms add services both be- possibility of additional reflection events at ground, no matter what the material is. cause it is dynamic in the number of ways it greater depths and this is what makes GPR can be applied, and it is affordable. a truly three dimensional imaging technol- Disadvantages of GPR ogy. If enough scans are collected, and the • general inability to determine exactly GPR is a non-invasive technology that uses locations of those scans are known relative what material caused a reflection based an antenna to send electromagnetic pulses to each other, then the data can be resa- on the GPR data alone into the ground and records two-way travel mpled into various 3D visualizations such • electromagnetic signal is susceptible to times of waves and amplitudes of reflections. as time-slices/amplitude maps, volumetric rapid decay when traveling through all When the wave moves from one set of physi- cubes, fence diagrams, and iso-surfaces. The materials except air which limits depths cal properties to another, some of the energy ability to visualize these data in many forms of investigation
24 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 • GPR receiver will record all electromagnetic (EM) signals propagating towards it including those that were not generated by the GPR itself. These external sources of noise can cause static in the GPR data, with ultrasonic pulse echo, which works on taminant plumes. A complementary tool for decrease quality and clarity, and ultimately mechanical waves, to identify minor de- identifying debris and soil contamination is a make it difficult to interpret. fects that can be catastrophic to structural conductivity meter which records the ease or integrity if not mitigated. difficulty of inducing an electric current in the Ways GPR can be used in subsurface. For example, concrete debris bur- damage prevention 3. Evaluating conditions of roadways ied in clay would be less conductive and thus GPR can provide early detection of voids that more difficult to induce a current into com- 1. Locating buried pipes and utilities may be developing below a paved surface and pared to the clay around it. GPR is a great complement to traditional cracks or emerging cracks in actual roads EM locators because it can be used to locate that might not be visible from the surface. 5. Evaluating corrosion of rebar any material underground so long as there Unlike coring, GPR offers a non-destructive Corrosion of steel rebar in reinforced con- is a contrast between the target and the soil way to assess roads for current deterioration crete creates long-term durability problems in which it is buried. GPR can locate wire levels, remediation planning, and ultimately during the service life of a structure. The and cable, but also pipes made of PVC, clay, extend the use life of this critical asset. Road process of corrosion alters the chemical fiberglass, or other materials that do not condition assessment is an application that properties that results in the loss of area in hold a current. The outputs of GPR scan- often requires a range of GPR frequencies to the reinforcing steel. These alterations allow ning can be used during the design phase fully identify potential sources of road failure, GPR to distinguish between corroded steel to increase effectiveness or during construc- lower frequencies for deep void detection and and unaffected rebar, allowing engineers tion to avoid damages. GPR is often used higher frequencies for asphalt and base condi- to adequately evaluate structural quality in conjunction with EM pipe/cable locators tion assessment. New GPR technologies are and integrity. Another useful method for to maximize the likelihood of identifying all now available that provide the engineer with evaluating corrosion of rebar is a half-cell underground services that are identifiable. the ability to collect information at highway potential sensor. This technique applies an speeds which can increase project safety, mini- electric current to a healthy steel rebar em- 2. Concrete scanning mize disruption to the flow of traffic, and po- bedded in concrete and measures the im- GPR with high frequency antenna can tentially provide rapid dissemination of deliv- pact of that signal across the structure. be used to determine concrete thickness erables to clients. In addition to GPR, falling and to locate, map, and mark post tension weight deflectometers can assess the strength Whether you own a GPR unit, rent equip- cables, steel rebar, wire mesh, or other re- of roads and provide additional information ment, or hire an outside expert, this technolo- inforcements embedded in concrete struc- beyond what GPR can reliably produce. gy can cut project costs, limit liability, increase tures. This is important for maintaining site safety, enhance the design phase, and grow structural integrity during concrete cut- 4. Locating buried contamination your business. Many firms do not use GPR or ting, drilling, or coring and will minimize Before grading and excavation for foundations, only use it on a limited set of projects. By in- the probability of unnecessary costs due GPR can be used to pinpoint the locations of tegrating this technology into your proposals to damage. In addition, identifying loca- debris for removal. GPR can determine den- and projects, you can win more work and add tions of potential live conduit can increase sity, depth, and amount of debris on a site. additional service offerings to your clients. ESG site safety and minimize the likelihood of Large amounts of buried debris may make injury while drilling into concrete. One sites unsuitable for construction and GPR can Daniel Bigman is President of Bigman Geo- difficulty GPR can have with concrete is be used for rapid assessment to inform deci- physical (bigmangeo.com), a company provid- identifying internal defects such as hon- sions. Also, GPR can be used to evaluate soil ing training, equipment rentals, and project eycombing or delamination. While this is contamination on construction projects or support for the damage prevention industry. He possible since the air inside the defect will brownfield sites in general. The GPR signal is instrumental in the development of the GPR contrast with the concrete, it can present can rapidly deteriorate when traveling through Congress, a forum for academic and industry trouble for GPR since the size of the defect certain contaminants and the engineer may practitioners to engage in open discussion and might be too small for GPR to record a re- attempt to identify locations or boundaries of continuous learning through shared ideas and sponse. GPR is often used in conjunction signal decay to assist in interpretations of con- experience. Learn more at GPRcongress.com.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 25 DIGGING SAFELY
BEING A BY LEVI MILLS
DIGGING PARTNER We have all heard the phrase, “Safe digging - Pedestal descriptions of the excavation on the lo- is a shared responsibility,” and most of us - Pipeline Marker cate ticket. The visual of a white lined area are committed to doing our share. Some- - Propane Tank greatly reduces the possibility of mistakes. times, however, it can be difficult to know - Regulator In fact, a 1997 safety study conducted by what our share is. Here are a few easy tips - Saw Cut Marking the National Transportation Safety Board, for excavators to ensure they are protecting - Splicing Box “Protecting Public Safety through Excava- our buried infrastructure, our onsite crews, - Transformer tion Damage Prevention”, endorsed white and the communities where we work. - Trench Plate lining as a practice that aids in preventing - Utility Meter excavation damages. Make sure locator marks match - Water Valve aboveground indicators Along with the safety benefits of white Comparing the marks made by the facility Checking for aboveground indicators dis- lining proposed excavation, the practice owner’s locator to aboveground indicators plays a combination of common sense, can also improve the overall efficiency of on the dig site is one of the easiest and most experience, and discipline. Although seem- the locating process. Locators arriving at effective ways to safeguard against utility ingly a simple task, the benefits greatly a work site have a clearer picture of the strikes. While facilities are tucked out of outweigh the amount of time and effort work site and can avoid marking areas ir- site and out of mind for most citizens, exca- required. Excavators should make it a high relevant to the proposed dig. Christopher vators know there are surface indicators all priority task once they arrive at a jobsite af- Koch, columnist with dp-PRO, wrote around us. These indicators include, but are ter the site location(s) has been completed. about his own frustrations as a locator not limited to: with failures to white line in a piece, “As White line Long as You’re Here,” featured in the 2020 - Commercial Business Sign White lining is the practice of marking or Special Locate issue. - Electrical box lining a proposed dig area prior to excava- - Exposed Pipe tion. The goal of white lining is to clear- It is important to note that white lining - Fire Protection System ly communicate the full breadth of the should be used as an additional form of - Manhole Cover planned excavation covered on a specific communication between excavator and lo- - Marking Paint or Flags One Call ticket so locators can effectively cator and is not a replacement for a thor- - Ownership Transfer Point and efficiently mark the area. White lin- ough written description of the dig site sub- - Parking Lot Lighting ing is used in conjunction with the text mitted on a One Call ticket.
26 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 White line laws vary from state to state, but niques. Luckily, the excavation industry - CAMO’s Emergency Response Work- it is a best practice no matter your location. has a fast-expanding catalogue of training shop: CAMO (Coastal and Marine Check with your local state One Call for opportunities focused on excavation safety Operators) explores the issues and chal- more information on laws in your area, ex- and damage prevention. lenges in preventing spills, releases, and damage to underwater pipelines and By becoming an Exca- utilities which negatively impact the en- vation Safety Alliance vironment and public safety. (ESA) member, you join the utility safety indus- - Leading Practices on Cross Bore Safety: try’s first membership Created to provide guidance for mini- community focused on mizing utility conflicts due to cross bore all facets of damage pre- strikes, this course covers a wide range vention and excavation of cross bore safety topics, from evalua- safety education. ESA tion of existing cross cores to regulatory launches spring of 2021 requirements. and consists of: TRAINING VIDEOS: In-depth videos ASK THE EXPERT: A which dive into the details of key topics series of videos, podcasts, including episodic series on Subsurface blog posts where industry Utility Engineering (SUE) and Vacuum experts answer specific Excavation. questions or provide in- panded best practices, and white line marking sights on solutions to common problems. NETWORKING: Through scheduled net- techniques. For example, visit JULIE One working events, ESA members bring con- Call of Illinois for a guide to pre-marking TOWN HALL MEETINGS: Discussions versations and content together to create a standards and terms. (illinois1call.com/pre- led by a moderator, often with a panel of digital community that moves beyond ideas mark-your-project-excavators) industry experts that focus on specific to take meaningful actions. topics of importance to the industry. All Click before you dig stakeholder members have access to these VIRTUAL SYMPOSIUMS: A variety of Submitting a locate request before excavat- town hall forums and members have access professional and industry speakers gather ing is more than a best practice, it is the to participate and provide insight. Town to offer education with live Q&A, along law. Specific laws regarding the timing of a Halls follow two different formats with group networking, on specific topics locate request vary by state but submitting or industries. Upcoming symposiums in a locate request before excavation is man- - Town Hall Solution Series are multipart 2021 include the Global GPR Congress, datory nationwide. See the One Call and events which begin with a discussion fo- Electric Symposium, and the Utility Coor- State Law Directory beginning on page 49 cused on identifying aspects of a specific dination Symposium. for details on the laws in your state. Many issue, followed by forums directed spe- notification centers now offer on online cifically on building potential solutions. Many educational videos and blog posts alternative to placing a “One Call.” Using The final step is the formation of small from around the world are available free to this online platform enhances your ability groups who volunteer to work on paths non-members. Membership brings access to provide accurate, concise details of the forward for suggested solutions for pre- to an extensive catalogue of exclusive con- proposed excavation site. sentation to the industry through ESA tent. Visit ExcavationSafetyAlliance.com to and dp-PRO. learn more. Advantages of submitting an online ticket - Available for submission 24 hours a day, - Town Hall Forums are open dialog con- Participate in industry groups 365 days a year. versations on hot industry issues like in- A wide variety of stakeholders are invested - Skip the possibility of waiting on hold. dustry studies, new laws, etc. Visit Exca- in the safety of buried infrastructure, and - Electronic maps often available to speci- vationSafetyAlliance.com for details and groups help organize the many players, top- fy excavation area. dates on upcoming topics. ics, and issues. Participation in these groups - No possibility of verbal transcription errors. is a fantastic avenue to professional growth WORKSHOPS: In-depth explorations on and continued learning and ensures others Continue your training specific topics available both as live virtual can consider and learn from your unique Learning and following best practices helps workshops and as recorded on-demand perspective. A quick search on google or establish a solid foundation for safety, but viewing. Workshops available spring of LinkedIn can yield dozens of immediate continual learning is recommended to keep 2021 include: results on groups designed around your pace with industry advances and new tech- specific area of interest. ESG
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 27 DIGGING SAFELY
ore than 800 construction workers are involved in accidents each year on the job. Of these accidents, approximately 40 workers are involved in an inci- dent related to excavation or trenching. That is why the Occupational Safety and Health Administration M (OSHA) has gone to great lengths to define threats TRENCHING AND and identify safe practices. Fortunately, a little knowledge goes a EXCAVATING long way when it comes to safe excavations and earth removal. Trenching and Excavating 101: What to Watch Out For PROCEDURES When it comes to trenching and excavating, you must have a thor- ough understanding of the most significant risks posed by these op- erations. One of the primary threats associated with trenching and AND SAFETY excavating is cave-ins, accounting for most worker injuries and fatali- ties. Trench collapses lead to dozens of deaths and hundreds of inju- CONSIDERATIONS ries annually. Other potential issues include hazardous atmospheres, falls, falling loads, and incidents involving mobile equipment.
The best guard against these potential hazards is to never enter a construction site without the proper protective gear or a trench that fails to have the right protective systems in place. BY ANKIT SEHGAL Trenching and Excavation Safety Systems A protection system should always be in place for commercial trenches five feet or deeper. The only exception is an excavated trench comprised of stable rock. Once a trench reaches a depth of twenty feet, its safety system must be designed by a registered engineer, or tabulated data that has been prepared or approved by such an expert. Different types of protective systems exist. • SHORING is installing supports to prevent cave-ins and soil shifting. • SLOPING is cutting back the trench wall at an angle in- clined away from the excavation. • SHIELDING relies on trench boxes or other support types to avoid sediment cave-ins. • BENCHING protects employees from cave-ins by removing earth from the excavation sides to form one or more hori- zontal steps or levels and cannot be used in Type C soils.
How to Select the Best Safety System The decision-making process for choosing the right safety system can be complicated, involving multiple considerations, including: • Depth of cut • Soil classification • Water content of soil • Changes due to weather or climate • Other operations in the vicinity • Surcharge loads (may include materials used in the trench or spoil)
What to Know about Soil Types Excavation safety requires a competent person onsite who under- stands different soil types and can guide you through the process of installing the best safety system for specific soil conditions. OSHA
Trenching and Excavating Procedures and Safety Considerations continued on P.33
28 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Safety Poster-English and Spanish-2017.indd 2 l •
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causar asfixia. causar t mojadas. paredes tienen que las zanjas de alrededor con cuidado Muévase o cualquier cosa que pueda iniciar un incendio. pueda que cosa o cualquier residuales. aguas de acueductos y alcantarillados para reportar la emergencia. la reportar para y alcantarillados acueductos i cualquier leve rasguño o vibración puede causar una ruptura. una causar puede o vibración rasguño leve cualquier t contaminar el sistema de agua potable. agua de el sistema contaminar y/o fuegos apagar posiblemente para bomberos los usan que agua de ductos los por pase el agua que impedir puede equivocada sumamente dificil. escape su haciendo rápidamente zanja una llenar puede agua de s e fibra óptica para reportar la situación. la reportar para óptica fibra del cable. g cable. del interrupción de servicios, explosiones, accidentes, heridas, o muerte. heridas, accidentes, explosiones, de servicios, interrupción ración no es hecha rápidamente en el futuro pueden resultar escapes, en el escapes, futuro resultar pueden rápidamente no hecha es ración afectada cualquier leve rasguño, corte, rotura, o abolladura. Si la repa la Si o abolladura. rotura, corte, rasguño, leve cualquier afectada ductos, o ductos de cualquier tipo. Informe de inmediato a la compañía de compañía inmediato de tipo. a Informe cualquier la o ductos ductos, complete, accurate or up-to-date. oleo gasoductos, eléctricos, como equipo dañado cables entierre Nunca assume no liability for any individual’s use of or reliance upon the above information. w information. above the upon information, reliance or of use individual’s any for liability no assume t Nu NCA 1 nmediatamente póngase en contacto con la compañía que opera los los opera que compañía con la contacto en póngase nmediatamente nmediatamente póngase en contacto con la compañía que opera la la opera que compañía con la contacto en póngase nmediatamente rate elrate contacto con cualquier como eléctrico cable una he above information is intended for educational purposes only. i only. purposes educational for intended is information above he u os charcos de soplando, liquido,los sonidos tierra la a tierra mojada un indicio es o descolorida a tierra de un escape on frecuencia los servicios usan zanjas conjuntamente conjuntamente zanjas usan servicios los frecuencia on enga cuidado con los ductos de agua de alta presión debido a que a que debido presión alta de agua de ductos con los cuidado enga i es apropiado llame al número de emegencia 911 emegencia de al número local. llame ayuda apropiado i es para vacúe el área de inmediato y no deje que la gente se acerque. u acerque. gente se la deje que inmediato y no de el área vacúe os gases del alcantarillado son inflamables; evite llamas abiertas abiertas llamas evite inflamables; son alcantarillado del gases os o camine o trabaje alrededor alrededor o trabaje n o camine residuales. con aguas contacto vite i el cable de fibra óptica está cortado, no mire adentro de la punta punta la de adentro mire no cortado, está óptica fibra de i el cable RA o cierre las válvulas para impedir inundaciones. c inundaciones. impedir para válvulas las o cierre ED a ssociation for Public a for Public ssociation Ó i u CTO nfrastructure nfrastructure PTICA z ierra mojada puede derrumbarse fácilmente y fácilmente derrumbarse puede mojada ierra CA l raves daños a los ojos pueden ocurrir. pueden ojos a los daños raves ENTIERRE r /Al esources, /C CANTARI AS llc OM and Pipeline a Pipeline and u CONDICIONES NICACIÓN ssociation for Public a Public for ssociation ll nfrastructure nfrastructure E ADO qu IPO r wareness do not guarantee or warrant that the information is is information the that warrant or guarantee not do wareness esources, hile every effort is made to provide accurate and reliable reliable and accurate provide to made is effort every hile llc and Pipeline a P wareness DA E l ssociation for Public a Public for ssociation errar la válvula válvula la errar IGROSAS ñ 1 ADO n escape n escape wareness wareness -
12/14/16 4:25 PM -
- -
12/14/16 4:24 PM : - INCLUDE 1 ESS n
WARE A FACILITIES
BLIC or severed. This includes contact with includes This severed. or Pu OR n f tilities often jointly use trenches placing you at greater at you placing use trenches often jointly tilities 1 FACILITY! A DAMAGED NEVER BURY The above information is intended for educational purposesassume no liability only. Infrastructure for any individual’s Resources, use of or reliance LLCinformation, and upon Pipeline the above Association information. Infrastructure for While Public Resources, every Awareness effort up-to-date. or accurate LLCcomplete, and is Pipeline made to provide Association accurate and for reliable Public Awareness do not guarantee or warrant that the information is Contact the facility operator immediately to report to condition. the Contact facility the immediately operator If appropriate, call 911 for local for emergency response. call 911 appropriate, If out. people Leaking water keep and immediately area the Evacuate difficult. making escape extremely quickly trench can a fill it.of end the Serious into look is cut,not do cable optic a fiber If occur. may damage eye Do not close valves in order to stop flooding. Closing the the Closing flooding. stop to order in close valves Do not containment affect may wrongpossible valve fire flows and/or of potable systems. Contact facility the report and operator condition. the the slightest scratch or vibration can cause pipelines to break. scratch vibration or can to slightest cause pipelines the walls. with wet can soil trenches around Wet carefully Move cause suffocation.easily Be careful of damaged high-pressure water lines because lines water high-pressure even damaged of Be careful wade Do not work or in around contact with wastewater. Avoid wastewater. Sewer gas is flammable; avoid open open anythingavoid that flames or Sewer gasflammable; is startmight a fire. Contact the facility operator immediately to report to condition. the Contact facility the immediately operator break, be should dent or scrape, a minor nick, cut,Even tear, not If promptly reported facility the to owner immediately. leak, a future in service result could it repaired, outage, death. or explosion, injury, accident, Pools of liquid, blowing dirt,Pools liquid, sounds, of vapor hissing dead clouds, gaseous odors,water, standing in bubbles all are next pipelines to ice or soil frozen and vegetation, and leak pipeline petroleum gas or a natural of signs should be treated as an emergency. electric emergency contact as an with any line Treat appears it undamaged, regardless whether of damaged lines. voltage high aboveground a water/ of indication an is soil discolored or Wet as a potential be treated should and sewer leak emergency condition. risk in trenches that also electricity. that have risk trenches in
u FETY 4. 5. WATER/SEWER 1. FIBER/COMMUNICATION 1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
• • • • RECOGNIZE UNSAFE CONDITIONS
UNDERGROUND SSOCIATIO A A E POSTER INVOLVING IPELI n y P
S B
IDED v
RO CONDITIONS P
(Hopping or shuffling away will help reduce your risk to step potential.) atural gas and other petroleum products will petroleum ignite other atural gas and 8 Turn off equipment, if it cansafely. it if be done off equipment, Turn contact in with overhead or equipment move Only away electric it cansafely. you move if lines underground equipment, it’s safest to stay on equipment (unless on fire) on (unless safest stay equipment on to it’s equipment, must you If away. others rescue arrive; workers keep until feet it, with both of landing clear jump equipment, abandon shuffleaway. hop or only then and same time, the at ground the on Abandon all equipment and get a safe distance away. a safe get distance and Abandon equipment all contact in with electric remains equipment excavator If not start motor vehicles or electrical equipment. Remove phones, anything or cell (cigarettes, sources ignition all a spark electricity). static or create could that contact with escaping liquids. make Do not valves. pipeline operate any Do not a largethe for around area energized become may ground the strike. Avoid open flames or anything that might flamesstart open might anythingthat or Do Avoid fire. a out. people keep and area the Evacuate a buried electricalIf strucksoil/conditions, is wet line in Call 911 or your local fire, police, or sheriff’s office. sheriff’s or police, local fire, your or Call 911 observe to property.local firefighters and protectadjacent the condition. Do not try to put out a fire. If it’s burning, let it burn; ask it burn; let burning, tryit’s If Do not a fire. out put to report to Contact facility the immediately operator MERGENCY Electricity heat short or producing will arc ground to the of heat the than greater times four to up is that will it damage burn and skin a minimum, At sun. electricity voltage organs. High can arc internal all awareof Be air. the through distances significant part any keep of and lines voltage high aboveground away feet overhead from lines. least at 10 equipment the pressure can cause high serious injury. under Water bacteriacan be a significant that contains Wastewater burn. and risk. Sewer health gas will ignite and burn. If exposed to the skin, serious skin, irritations the burn. exposedand to If Escaping gases oxygen. can displace occur. may
n E Leaks, ruptures, anddamaged similar or facilities explosions, fires,weakened settlingmovement, or soil severe instances action where is immediate necessary loss injury of life, prevent to persons, to property to damage or and environment. Everythe is different and must situation individual bethe on evaluated circumstances. gen are Below RESPOND IMMEDIATELY LIQUIDS GASNATURAL & PETROLEUM 1. 2. ELECTRICITY 1. 2. eral emergency response guidelines for various situations emergency/damage involving underground facilities. 3. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
KNOW THE HAZARDS THE KNOW • • •
EXCAVATION EMERGENCIES EXCAVATION Safety Poster-English and Spanish-2017.indd 1
12/14/16 4:24 PM : - INCLUDE 1 ESS n
WARE A FACILITIES
BLIC or severed. This includes contact with includes This severed. or Pu OR n f tilities often jointly use trenches placing you at greater at you placing use trenches often jointly tilities 1 FACILITY! A DAMAGED NEVER BURY The above information is intended for educational purposesassume no liability only. Infrastructure for any individual’s Resources, use of or reliance LLCinformation, and upon Pipeline the above Association information. Infrastructure for While Public Resources, every Awareness effort up-to-date. or accurate LLCcomplete, and is Pipeline made to provide Association accurate and for reliable Public Awareness do not guarantee or warrant that the information is Contact the facility operator immediately to report to condition. the Contact facility the immediately operator If appropriate, call 911 for local for emergency response. call 911 appropriate, If out. people Leaking water keep and immediately area the Evacuate difficult. making escape extremely quickly trench can a fill it.of end the Serious into look is cut,not do cable optic a fiber If occur. may damage eye Do not close valves in order to stop flooding. Closing the the Closing flooding. stop to order in close valves Do not containment affect may wrongpossible valve fire flows and/or of potable systems. Contact facility the report and operator condition. the the slightest scratch or vibration can cause pipelines to break. scratch vibration or can to slightest cause pipelines the walls. with wet can soil trenches around Wet carefully Move cause suffocation.easily Be careful of damaged high-pressure water lines because lines water high-pressure even damaged of Be careful wade Do not work or in around contact with wastewater. Avoid wastewater. Sewer gas is flammable; avoid open open anythingavoid that flames or Sewer gasflammable; is startmight a fire. Contact the facility operator immediately to report to condition. the Contact facility the immediately operator break, be should dent or scrape, a minor nick, cut,Even tear, not If promptly reported facility the to owner immediately. leak, a future in service result could it repaired, outage, death. or explosion, injury, accident, Pools of liquid, blowing dirt,Pools liquid, sounds, of vapor hissing dead clouds, gaseous odors,water, standing in bubbles all are next pipelines to ice or soil frozen and vegetation, and leak pipeline petroleum gas or a natural of signs should be treated as an emergency. electric emergency contact as an with any line Treat appears it undamaged, regardless whether of damaged lines. voltage high aboveground a water/ of indication an is soil discolored or Wet as a potential be treated should and sewer leak emergency condition. risk in trenches that also electricity. that have risk trenches in
u FETY 4. 5. WATER/SEWER 1. FIBER/COMMUNICATION 1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
• • • • RECOGNIZE UNSAFE CONDITIONS
UNDERGROUND SSOCIATIO A A E POSTER INVOLVING IPELI n y P
S B
IDED v
RO CONDITIONS P
(Hopping or shuffling away will help reduce your risk to step potential.) atural gas and other petroleum products will petroleum ignite other atural gas and 8 Turn off equipment, if it cansafely. it if be done off equipment, Turn contact in with overhead or equipment move Only away electric it cansafely. you move if lines underground equipment, it’s safest to stay on equipment (unless on fire) on (unless safest stay equipment on to it’s equipment, must you If away. others rescue arrive; workers keep until feet it, with both of landing clear jump equipment, abandon shuffleaway. hop or only then and same time, the at ground the on Abandon all equipment and get a safe distance away. a safe get distance and Abandon equipment all contact in with electric remains equipment excavator If not start motor vehicles or electrical equipment. Remove phones, anything or cell (cigarettes, sources ignition all a spark electricity). static or create could that contact with escaping liquids. make Do not valves. pipeline operate any Do not a largethe for around area energized become may ground the strike. Avoid open flames or anything that might flamesstart open might anythingthat or Do Avoid fire. a out. people keep and area the Evacuate a buried electricalIf strucksoil/conditions, is wet line in Call 911 or your local fire, police, or sheriff’s office. sheriff’s or police, local fire, your or Call 911 observe to property.local firefighters and protectadjacent the condition. Do not try to put out a fire. If it’s burning, let it burn; ask it burn; let burning, tryit’s If Do not a fire. out put to report to Contact facility the immediately operator MERGENCY Electricity heat short or producing will arc ground to the of heat the than greater times four to up is that will it damage burn and skin a minimum, At sun. electricity voltage organs. High can arc internal all awareof Be air. the through distances significant part any keep of and lines voltage high aboveground away feet overhead from lines. least at 10 equipment the pressure can cause high serious injury. under Water bacteria can be a significant that contains Wastewater burn. and risk. Sewer health gas will ignite and burn. If exposed to the skin, serious skin, irritations the burn. exposedand to If Escaping gases oxygen. can displace occur. may
n E Leaks, ruptures, anddamaged similar or facilities explosions, fires,weakened settlingmovement, or soil severe instances action where is immediate necessary loss injury of life, prevent to persons, to property to damage or and environment. Everythe is different and must situation individual bethe on evaluated circumstances. gen are Below RESPOND IMMEDIATELY LIQUIDS GASNATURAL & PETROLEUM 1. 2. ELECTRICITY 1. 2. eral emergency response guidelines for various situations emergency/damage involving underground facilities. 3. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
KNOW THE HAZARDS THE KNOW • • •
EXCAVATION EMERGENCIES EXCAVATION Safety Poster-English and Spanish-2017.indd 1 Safety Poster-English and Spanish-2017.indd 2 l •
• • C e l e
9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. n 4. 1. El 3. 2. 1. G R 2. 3.
son inflamables y queman. inflamables son l salud. la de alto para riesgo aéreos. cables los de distancia cualquier del equipo por lo parte menos a 10 pies de consienteestar aéros de cables de alto voltaje y aleje u aire. del través a considerables distancias altos voltajes pueden de electricidad hacer arco a pielquemaría la y dañaría los organos internos. l intensas que la temperatura del sol. c sol. del temperatura la que intensas produciendo que temperaturas cuatro son veces más pueden desplazar el oxígeno. el desplazar pueden pueden ocurrir.irritaciones l inflamables y queman. s y queman. inflamables ONO emergencias/situaciones donde hay daños que afectan las instalaciones subterráneas. instalaciones las afectan que daños hay donde emergencias/situaciones circunstancias. a según las o daños a propiedadpersonas, y el medio ambiente. c acción la ductos/acueductos, similares inmediata impedir donde necesaria y casos es a heridas para pérdida de vidas, explosiones, incendios,turas, hundimiento severo o movimiento debilitamiento de tierra, y daño de gasoductos/oleo C as aguas residuales contienen bacterias que puede ser puede que contienen bacterias residuales aguas as a electricidad hará descargas o cortocircuito a tierra descargas hará a electricidad l agua a alta presión pueden causar heridas graves. l agua a alta graves. presión heridas pueden causar l gas naturall gas y otros productos de petróleo son AS l i s a n n n i hay impacto con un cable enterrado y la tierra está mojada, mojada, está tierra y la enterrado con un cable impacto s i hay a s e
EACCIONE las instalaciones para reportar la emergencia la reportar para instalaciones las i adyacente. propiedad la y protejan observen que bomberos a los pídale o sheriff. policía, bomberos, de cuerpo del locales estática). o electricidad chispa una crear pueda que cosa o cualquier celulares, teléfonos (cigarrillos, ignición de fuentes las e opera los gasoductos/oleoductos para reportar las condiciones. las reportar para gasoductos/oleoductos los opera ( no deje que otros se acerquen. s acerquen. se otros deje que no rescate: de trabajadores los lleguen que hasta llamas) en esté (a que el en equipo ser no quedarse seguro más es eléctrico, con seguridad. mover puede lo usted si o subterráneos aéreos energizada. estar puede impacto del alrededor el en área tierra la o saltando pies los arrastrando aléjese sólo y luego vez, misma a la pies con ambos cayendo equipo, del lejos salte ECTRICIDAD r nmediatamente póngase en contacto con la compañía que opera opera que compañía con la contacto en póngase nmediatamente nmediatamente póngase en contacto con a la compañía que que compañía con a la contacto en póngase nmediatamente Póster De s Póster ONDICIONES vite llamas abiertas o cualquier cosa que pueda prender fuego. fuego. prender pueda que cosa o cualquier abiertas llamas vite lame al número de emergencia 911 emergencia de al número oficinas lame a las o llame i el equipo excavador continúa en contacto con equipo con equipo continúa contacto en excavador i el equipo vacúe el área y no deje pasar a la gente. a la deje pasar y no el área vacúe ólo mueva equipo que esté en contacto con cables eléctri con cables contacto en esté que equipo mueva ólo bandone todo el equipo y aléjese a una distancia segura. distancia a una y aléjese el equipo todo bandone hacer con seguridad. puede lo si el equipo, pague eduzca el riesgo de electrocutarse alejándose saltando o arrastrando los pies.) los o arrastrando saltando alejándose electrocutarse de riesgo el eduzca o arranque vehículos de motor o equipo eléctrico. r eléctrico. o equipo motor de vehículos o arranque o trate de apagar el fuego. s el fuego. apagar de o trate gasoductos/oleoductos. de válvulas las o maneje líquidos. de con escapes contacto o haga N
8 z AT CA l u RA OS l y
INMEDIATAMENTE P íqu eguri E l IDOS DERIVADOS DE
IGROS i la piel está expuesta, serias expuesta, piel i la está DE DIRECTRICES PARA PARA DIRECTRICES D i está ardiendo déjelo quemar; déjelo ardiendo i está os gases escapados escapados os gases
continuación se dan directrices generales de emergencia para reaccionar ante varias ante varias reaccionar para emergencia de generales directrices dan se continuación os gases del alcantarillado del gases os i tiene que abandonar el equipo, i tiene abandonar que a EMERGENCIA D Provei REACCIONAR EN EN REACCIONAR omo mínimo mínimo omo EMERGENCIAS sted debe D l o PETRO etire todas etire todas P os os or Pi or
que afectan las instalaciones subterráneas incluyen: escapes, rup escapes, incluyen: subterráneas instalaciones las afectan que cos cos l EO ada situación diferente es y debe evaluada ser individualmente
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condición de emergencia potencial. emergencia de condición de agua/alcantarillado como y debe tratada ser una tienen electricidad. támbien poniéndolo zanjas que a usted en en un las mayor riesgo voltaje. alto incluye el contacto Ésto con aéreos cables de cortado. está emergencia sin tener en cuenta si aparece dañado o no o si petróleo como y deben deuna tratadas ser emergencia. de natural gas o oleoductos todas son señales de escapes congelada o hielotierra alrededor de gasoductos/ vegetación la completamenteen agua estancada, y la seca, nubes de vapor,siseantes, las burbujas las los olores a gas, b
causar asfixia. causar t mojadas. paredes tienen que las zanjas de alrededor con cuidado Muévase o cualquier cosa que pueda iniciar un incendio. pueda que cosa o cualquier residuales. aguas de acueductos y alcantarillados para reportar la emergencia. la reportar para y alcantarillados acueductos i cualquier leve rasguño o vibración puede causar una ruptura. una causar puede o vibración rasguño leve cualquier t contaminar el sistema de agua potable. agua de el sistema contaminar y/o fuegos apagar posiblemente para bomberos los usan que agua de ductos los por pase el agua que impedir puede equivocada sumamente dificil. escape su haciendo rápidamente zanja una llenar puede agua de s e fibra óptica para reportar la situación. la reportar para óptica fibra del cable. g cable. del interrupción de servicios, explosiones, accidentes, heridas, o muerte. heridas, accidentes, explosiones, de servicios, interrupción ración no es hecha rápidamente en el futuro pueden resultar escapes, en el escapes, futuro resultar pueden rápidamente no hecha es ración afectada cualquier leve rasguño, corte, rotura, o abolladura. Si la repa la Si o abolladura. rotura, corte, rasguño, leve cualquier afectada ductos, o ductos de cualquier tipo. Informe de inmediato a la compañía de compañía inmediato de tipo. a cualquier Informe la o ductos ductos, complete, accurate or up-to-date. oleo gasoductos, eléctricos, como equipo dañado cables entierre Nunca assume no liability for any individual’s use of or reliance upon the above information. w information. above the upon information, reliance or of use individual’s any for liability no assume t Nu NCA 1 nmediatamente póngase en contacto con la compañía que opera los los opera que compañía con la contacto en póngase nmediatamente nmediatamente póngase en contacto con la compañía que opera la la opera que compañía con la contacto en póngase nmediatamente rate elrate contacto con cualquier como eléctrico cable una he above information is intended for educational purposes only. i only. purposes educational for intended is information above he u os charcos de soplando, liquido,los sonidos tierra la a tierra mojada un indicio es o descolorida a tierra de un escape on frecuencia los servicios usan zanjas conjuntamente conjuntamente zanjas usan servicios los frecuencia on enga cuidado con los ductos de agua de alta presión debido a que a que debido presión alta de agua de ductos con los cuidado enga i es apropiado llame al número de emegencia 911 emegencia de al número local. llame ayuda apropiado i es para vacúe el área de inmediato y no deje que la gente se acerque. u acerque. gente se la deje que inmediato y no de el área vacúe os gases del alcantarillado son inflamables; evite llamas abiertas abiertas llamas evite inflamables; son alcantarillado del gases os o camine o trabaje alrededor alrededor o trabaje n o camine residuales. con aguas contacto vite i el cable de fibra óptica está cortado, no mire adentro de la punta punta la de adentro mire no cortado, está óptica fibra de i el cable RA o cierre las válvulas para impedir inundaciones. c inundaciones. impedir para válvulas las o cierre ED a ssociation for Public a for Public ssociation Ó i u CTO nfrastructure nfrastructure PTICA z ierra mojada puede derrumbarse fácilmente y fácilmente derrumbarse puede mojada ierra CA l raves daños a los ojos pueden ocurrir. pueden ojos a los daños raves ENTIERRE r /Al esources, /C CANTARI AS llc OM and Pipeline a Pipeline and
u CONDICIONES NICACIÓN ssociation for Public a Public for ssociation ll nfrastructure nfrastructure E ADO qu IPO r wareness do not guarantee or warrant that the information is is information the that warrant or guarantee not do wareness esources, hile every effort is made to provide accurate and reliable reliable and accurate provide to made is effort every hile llc and Pipeline a P wareness DA E l ssociation for Public a Public for ssociation errar la válvula válvula la errar IGROSAS ñ 1 ADO n escape n escape wareness wareness -
12/14/16 4:25 PM -
- - Safety Poster-English and Spanish-2017.indd 2 l •
• • DIGGING SAFELY C e l e
9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. n 4. 1. El 3. 2. 1. G R 2. 3.
son inflamables y queman. inflamables son l salud. la de alto para riesgo aéreos. cables los de distancia cualquier del equipo por lo parte menos a 10 pies de consienteestar aéros de cables de alto voltaje y aleje u aire. del través a considerables distancias altos voltajes pueden de electricidad hacer arco a pielquemaría la y dañaría los organos internos. l intensas que la temperatura del sol. c sol. del temperatura la que intensas produciendo que temperaturas cuatro son veces más pueden desplazar el oxígeno. el desplazar pueden pueden ocurrir.irritaciones l inflamables y queman. s y queman. inflamables ONO emergencias/situaciones donde hay daños que afectan las instalaciones subterráneas. instalaciones las afectan que daños hay donde emergencias/situaciones circunstancias. a según las o daños a propiedadpersonas, y el medio ambiente. c acción la ductos/acueductos, similares inmediata impedir donde necesaria y casos es a heridas para pérdida de vidas, explosiones, incendios,turas, hundimiento severo o movimiento debilitamiento de tierra, y daño de gasoductos/oleo C as aguas residuales contienen bacterias que puede ser puede que contienen bacterias residuales aguas as a electricidad hará descargas o cortocircuito a tierra descargas hará a electricidad l agua a alta presión pueden causar heridas graves. l agua a alta graves. presión heridas pueden causar l gas naturall gas y otros productos de petróleo son AS l i s a n n n i hay impacto con un cable enterrado y la tierra está mojada, mojada, está tierra y la enterrado con un cable impacto s i hay a s e
EACCIONE las instalaciones para reportar la emergencia la reportar para instalaciones las i adyacente. propiedad la y protejan observen que bomberos a los pídale o sheriff. policía, bomberos, de cuerpo del locales estática). o electricidad chispa una crear pueda que cosa o cualquier celulares, teléfonos (cigarrillos, ignición de fuentes las e opera los gasoductos/oleoductos para reportar las condiciones. las reportar para gasoductos/oleoductos los opera ( no deje que otros se acerquen. s acerquen. se otros deje que no rescate: de trabajadores los lleguen que hasta llamas) en esté (a que el en equipo ser no quedarse seguro más es eléctrico, con seguridad. mover puede lo usted si o subterráneos aéreos energizada. estar puede impacto del alrededor el en área tierra la o saltando pies los arrastrando aléjese sólo y luego vez, misma a la pies con ambos cayendo equipo, del lejos salte ECTRICIDAD r nmediatamente póngase en contacto con la compañía que opera opera que compañía con la contacto en póngase nmediatamente nmediatamente póngase en contacto con a la compañía que que compañía con a la contacto en póngase nmediatamente Póster De s Póster ONDICIONES vite llamas abiertas o cualquier cosa que pueda prender fuego. fuego. prender pueda que cosa o cualquier abiertas llamas vite lame al número de emergencia 911 emergencia de al número oficinas lame a las o llame i el equipo excavador continúa en contacto con equipo con equipo continúa contacto en excavador i el equipo vacúe el área y no deje pasar a la gente. a la deje pasar y no el área vacúe ólo mueva equipo que esté en contacto con cables eléctri con cables contacto en esté que equipo mueva ólo bandone todo el equipo y aléjese a una distancia segura. distancia a una y aléjese el equipo todo bandone hacer con seguridad. puede lo si el equipo, pague eduzca el riesgo de electrocutarse alejándose saltando o arrastrando los pies.) los o arrastrando saltando alejándose electrocutarse de riesgo el eduzca o arranque vehículos de motor o equipo eléctrico. r eléctrico. o equipo motor de vehículos o arranque o trate de apagar el fuego. s el fuego. apagar de o trate gasoductos/oleoductos. de válvulas las o maneje líquidos. de con escapes contacto o haga Trenching and Excavating Procedures and Safety Considerations continued from P.28 N
8 z AT Daily Inspections by a
relies on three tests. At least two of these tests CA l for an excavation or trench as making adjust-
u should be implemented any time soil condi- Competent Employee ments to fix sloping and shoring issues will
RA tions may change. Inspections must occur before workers enter slow your operations and increase your project 1.
Plasticity the excavation areaOS or trench to help elimi- costs. Putting a band-aid on potential safety l y 2. Thumb penetration nate the risk of excavation hazards. OSHA issues increases the likelihood of an excavation
INMEDIATAMENTE
3. Pocket penetrometer defines a competent P person as an individual failure or cave-in down the road. íqu eguri capable of identifyingE predictable and exist-
Soil Types ing hazards or workingl conditions that are Safety Factors to Consider IDOS DERIVADOS DE
IGROS Granular soils contain coarse particles like considered serias expuesta, piel i la está unsanitary, dangerous, or haz- Before Bidding DE
gravel or sand. As a result, the dirt does not ardous to workers. A competent person will: Before preparing a bid, PARA DIRECTRICES understand the D i está ardiendo déjelo quemar; déjelo ardiendo i está stick together and therefore requires more • Test and classify soil safety issues at the job site. Know what ma- os gases escapados escapados os gases
continuación se dan directrices generales de emergencia para reaccionar ante varias ante varias reaccionar para emergencia de generales directrices dan se continuación os gases del alcantarillado del gases os i tiene que abandonar el equipo, i tiene abandonar que a EMERGENCIA extraordinary measures to prevent a cave-in. • Inspect protective systems terials and equipment employees need on • Monitor water removal equipmentD hand to comply with OSHA safety stan- Provei Cohesive soils include enough clay or fine • Design structural ramps dards. EN ThisREACCIONAR safety checklist can help evalu- particles that individual particles stick to- • Conduct site inspections ate each job site before drawing up a plan. omo mínimo mínimo omo gether. Cohesive soil is less likely to cave in. • Take speedy action and corrective meaEMERGENCIAS - • Proximity and physical condition of sures to mitigate potential hazards nearby structures
OSHA relies on a measurementsted debe known as • Traffic D l unconfined compressive strength (the amount Understanding Access and • Soil classification o PETRO etire todas etire todas of pressure it requires to collapse a specific soil Egress Points • Ground and surface water P type) to categorize each soil type. os The designated competent person regularly • Location of the water table • STABLE ROCK is natural solid mineral inspects excavations and trenches Pi or four feet • Underground and overhead utilities que afectan las instalaciones subterráneas incluyen: escapes, rup escapes, incluyen: subterráneas instalaciones las afectan que cos cos matter. You can excavate with vertical or deeper to ensure safe access and egress. • Quantity of protective systems or shor- l
EO sides and it remains intact while exposed. ing that may be required
ada situación diferente es y debe evaluada ser individualmente Means of entry and escape must lie within
Stable rock is the safest soil in which to 25 feet of employees. P • Weather
work because there are no individual par- eline • Fall protection needs ticles that could separate or cave in. OSHA Trench Safety Rules • Number of ladders needed R • • • • 5. 7. 6.
4. 3. 2. 5.
2. 1. F 1. A l c t l
• TYPE A, the next most stable of the soil Following these ECONO OSHA guidelines ensures • Other equipment needs I
C s e l
n i
condición de emergencia potencial. emergencia de condición de agua/alcantarillado como y debe tratada ser una tienen electricidad. támbien poniéndolo zanjas que a usted en en un las mayor riesgo voltaje. alto incluye el contacto Ésto con aéreos cables de cortado. está emergencia sin tener en cuenta si aparece dañado o no o si petróleo como y deben deuna tratadas ser emergencia. de natural gas o oleoductos todas son señales de escapes congelada o hielotierra alrededor de gasoductos/ vegetación la completamenteen agua estancada, y la seca, nubes de vapor,siseantes, las burbujas las los olores a gas, b
causar asfixia. causar t mojadas. paredes tienen que las zanjas de alrededor con cuidado Muévase o cualquier cosa que pueda iniciar un incendio. pueda que cosa o cualquier residuales. aguas de acueductos y alcantarillados para reportar la emergencia. la reportar para y alcantarillados acueductos i cualquier leve rasguño o vibración puede causar una ruptura. una causar puede o vibración rasguño leve cualquier t contaminar el sistema de agua potable. agua de el sistema contaminar y/o fuegos apagar posiblemente para bomberos los usan que agua de ductos los por pase el agua que impedir puede equivocada sumamente dificil. escape su haciendo rápidamente zanja una llenar puede agua de s e fibra óptica para reportar la situación. la reportar para óptica fibra del cable. g cable. del interrupción de servicios, explosiones, accidentes, heridas, o muerte. heridas, accidentes, explosiones, de servicios, interrupción ración no es hecha rápidamente en el futuro pueden resultar escapes, en el escapes, futuro resultar pueden rápidamente no hecha es ración afectada cualquier leve rasguño, corte, rotura, o abolladura. Si la repa la Si o abolladura. rotura, corte, rasguño, leve cualquier afectada ductos, o ductos de cualquier tipo. Informe de inmediato a la compañía de compañía inmediato de tipo. a Informe cualquier la o ductos ductos, complete, accurate or up-to-date. oleo gasoductos, eléctricos, como equipo dañado cables entierre Nunca assume no liability for any individual’s use of or reliance upon the above information. w information. above the upon information, reliance or of use individual’s any for liability no assume t Nu NCA 1 nmediatamente póngase en contacto con la compañía que opera los los opera que compañía con la contacto en póngase nmediatamente nmediatamente póngase en contacto con la compañía que opera la la opera que compañía con la contacto en póngase nmediatamente rate elrate contacto con cualquier como eléctrico cable una he above information is intended for educational purposes only. i only. purposes educational for intended is information above he u os charcos de soplando, liquido,los sonidos tierra la a tierra mojada un indicio es o descolorida a tierra de un escape on frecuencia los servicios usan zanjas conjuntamente conjuntamente zanjas usan servicios los frecuencia on enga cuidado con los ductos de agua de alta presión debido a que a que debido presión alta de agua de ductos con los cuidado enga types, is highly cohesive and boasts a the safest working conditions for all employ- i es apropiado llame al número de emegencia 911 emegencia de al número local. llame ayuda apropiado i es para vacúe el área de inmediato y no deje que la gente se acerque. u acerque. gente se la deje que inmediato y no de el área vacúe os gases del alcantarillado son inflamables; evite llamas abiertas abiertas llamas evite inflamables; son alcantarillado del gases os o camine o trabaje alrededor alrededor o trabaje n o camine residuales. con aguas contacto vite i el cable de fibra óptica está cortado, no mire adentro de la punta punta la de adentro mire no cortado, está óptica fibra de i el cable RA o cierre las válvulas para impedir inundaciones. c inundaciones. impedir para válvulas las o cierre ED high unconfined compressive strength ees on a job site. a Taking test borings for soil conditions and ssociation for Public a for Public ssociation Ó (1.5 tons per square foot or more). Type • Maintain surcharge loads a minimum types, observations, job site studies, consul- i u CTO nfrastructure nfrastructure
PTICA A soils include clay, silty clay, sandy of two feet away from trench edges tations with utility companies, and meetings clay, and clay loam. • Keep heavy z equipment away from with local officials can all help determine the ierra mojada puede derrumbarse fácilmente y fácilmente derrumbarse puede mojada ierra CA l raves daños a los ojos pueden ocurrir. pueden ojos a los daños raves ENTIERRE r /Al • TYPE B soil is cohesive but has been trench edges kind, amount, and cost of safety equipment esources, disturbed or otherwise fissured. It is • Know where all underground utilities needed for workers to do their jobs properly, /C
CANTARI characterized by particles that refuse are located safely, and more cost-effectively. AS llc OM
and Pipeline a Pipeline and to stick together mixed with Type A • Test for low oxygen, toxic gases, and
Promoting Excavation at u soil. Type B soil demonstrates medium hazardous fumes CONDICIONES
NICACIÓN unconfined compressive strength (0.5 - • Inspect trenches at the beginning of Your Workplace
ssociation for Public a Public for ssociation 1.5 tons per square foot) and includes each shift Trenching and excavation are among the two most ll silt, silt loam, angular gravel, and soil • Never work under raised loads dangerous activities at construction sites. For this nfrastructure nfrastructure
E located near sources of vibration or • Inspect earthworks after rainstorms reason, you must approach both with great care. ADO
qu IPO marked by fissures. and other precipitous weather OSHA lays out a comprehensive system of regula-
r • TYPE C soil is the least stable. Its gran- • Inspect trench after any occurrence tions to help ensure the safety of workers. wareness do not guarantee or warrant that the information is is information the that warrant or guarantee not do wareness esources, ular soil particles do not stick together. impacting conditions hile every effort is made to provide accurate and reliable reliable and accurate provide to made is effort every hile It has a low unconfined compressive • Ensure all personnel wear high visibility From employing a competent person at your llc
and Pipeline a strength (0.5 tons per square foot or less) clothing when exposed to vehicular traffic job site to understanding soil types and P wareness DA and includes sand and gravel as well as safety system implementation, these precau- E soil with clear signs of water seepage. Preplanning tions translate into a safer workplace. ESG l ssociation for Public a Public for ssociation errar la válvula válvula la errar IGROSAS ñ 1 Whether your construction company has one Consistently monitor for changing condi- year of experience or two decades in trench- Ankit Sehgal is the Chief Executive Officer at ADO tions as exposure to vibrations or precipi- ing, backfilling jobs, and shoring, approach Swiftdrain, a global drainage and infrastruc- n escape n escape tation can lead to changing soil conditions each new job with meticulous preparation and ture products manufacturing company. He over- and require different safety systems. care. The root of most on-the-job accidents is a sees all product design and development at the wareness wareness - 12/14/16 4:25 PM
- lack of initial planning. Do not wait until work firm, including engineering, materials sourcing, -
- commences to figure out the best safety system and production. For more, visit swiftdrain.com.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 33 DIGGING SAFELY
In MArch 2009, a group of coastal areas and offshore areas, pipelines no activity or work should occur. Before companies met with a mission to identify, coexist with vessel and boat activity of all work begins all parties should be in mutual trend, and explore common industry issues kinds. With more pipelines being installed agreement on the tolerance zones. Although in preventing coastal and marine pipeline fa- every day, compounded with increased tolerance zones vary among dredging and cility damage, releases, and spills. That day, dredging and marine construction activity marine construction companies, 75 feet is the CAMO (Coastal and Marine Operators) in the same waters, the chance of a marine generally the no-go working distance. pipeline industry group was born. vessel contacting an underwater pipeline continues to grow. Obtaining Pipeline Information In 2020, CAMO is a consortium roughly Due diligence is necessary when gathering 25 companies strong and growing. How to Stay Safe Around Pipelines pipeline coordinates, ownership, and con- CAMO’s current focus among other ini- Making an 811 notification, even in marine ar- tact information. Multiple sources must be tiatives is to extend the same “On Land” eas, is the foundation for the safety of person- checked, and inconsistencies may exist across damage prevention emphases and aware- nel. Additionally, pipelines need to be respected those sources. In many cases, other types of
How to Work Safely Near Underwater Pipelines and Utilities
BY ED LANDGRAF
ness into coastal and marine areas. for their potential hazardous impacts to human lines may exist in your project area, such as life and the environment when ruptured. electric, water, fiber optic, phone, and sewer, One of CAMO’s 2020 initiatives was to de- Understanding the roles pipeline and ma- to which the same general precautions apply. velop and implement a first-ever marine pipe- rine construction companies play in safety It is beneficial to familiarize yourself with the line damage prevention and public awareness and damage prevention will help create a different pipeline resources available. Each online training program for mariners and successful project. Precautions by all parties data source has a different layout and provides vessel operators. The primary objective of the need to be understood, agreed upon, and in different information. Question the pipeline program is to educate the maritime commu- place before the project begins. companies. It is their responsibility to provide nity about pipeline locations, safety, damage you with the facts. Prior to kicking off a proj- prevention, and how to respond appropriately Avoidance procedures should be followed ect all parties involved must agree on project in the event of an emergency. for marine construction projects of all sizes. plans, crossing agreements, avoidance and Pipeline companies and marine construc- safety measures, and work together to stay in- Your job involves decisions that may di- tion companies generally have in-house tol- formed through project duration. rectly or indirectly impact miles of under- erance or “no-go” zones where work may be water oil, gas, or chemical pipelines. With unsafe or have special conditions. Tolerance Once your marine construction project inland waterways such as rivers, bays, lakes, Zones are areas near the pipelines where scope is known, outline your total project
34 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 footprint in your execution plan and voyage Note: Natural gas may be odorless. Always have – Wind and water flow direction are plan. Identify all waterways, wetlands, and an active gas detector activated during operations. helpful marine areas that will be traversed by project – Location of the nearest boat launch, if vessels including dredged material placement Actions After a Pipeline Leak known areas, heavy equipment transit ways across • Shutdown or minimize the use of all • Notify the Coast Guard and the placement areas, equipment mooring areas, possible ignition sources, motors, National Response Center (NRC) at staging areas, off-loading areas, site access ar- lights, etc. (800-424-8802) eas, anchoring and spud down areas, and any • If possible, drift out of the area before • Call 911 to notify the local emergency other areas of operational impact. starting a motor or ignition source response agencies • Evacuate the vessel, if needed • Check your state’s laws for other entities Safety, Environment, and • Evaluate the situation; record your exact you must notify, such as Louisiana State Emergency Response location and time; and move upwind at Police Hazardous Materials Hotline Saving lives, protecting the environment, least ¼ mile or away from the affected (877-925-6595)
and effectively responding to emergen- area. When safe, call 911. Safety and Emergency Plans cies are the focus. Always consult with the • Prevent and warn other vessels from en- All project plans should have the following pipeline company to learn if there are any tering the area basic pipeline information stored in mul- specific safety, environmental, or emer- • Boom-off or secure the area, if possible tiple readily available locations: gency concerns and capture them in your • If you see a pipeline sign nearby, call the • List of all pipelines in the project scope safety plan. Cover the plan with all project emergency number listed • List of the products in each pipeline and vessel personnel. Re-evaluate the plan – This will help evaluate the risk as new hazards emerge. Include the follow- Emergency Response and and response level in the event of ing recommendations in your plans: Notification a release • Do not extinguish a pipeline fire • Size of the pipeline diameter How to Identify a Pipeline Leak • Immediately contact the pipeline com- • 24/7 emergency contact number ESG The main signs of a pipeline lead are: pany 24/7 emergency number in your • A continuous bubbling, blowing, or plan to shut down the line and provide If you think a pipeline was struck but no hissing sound from the water any pipeline information and location leak occurs, call both the emergency and • A rainbow sheen or unusual colored water data. This will help the pipeline com- local contacts. In many states, reporting a • Hydrocarbon smell pany identify the impacted line. strike is required by law.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 35 DIGGING SAFELY
According to the survey results, over 70 percent of respondents think they qualified as a competent person for trench work. But what does a competent person do? And how can you confirm qualification?
BY JOE WISE HOWTO IMPROVE WORKER SAFETY IN EXCAVATION PROJECTS The Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR) conducted a com- prehensive Trench Survey (cpwr.com) to provide greater insight into the rise of trench fatalities. Survey responses drawn from construction, and health and safety professionals by CPWR, United Rentals and Speed Shore Manufacturing identi- fied two important findings – 1) There is a need for more pre-planning on projects and 2) often, trench projects do not have a competent person onsite.
The survey’s goal was to learn about the factors that contribute to trench incidents and fatalities so organizations could col- lectively identify the steps teams can take to mitigate these incidents. It is im- portant to note that nearly two-thirds of those represented in the survey were workers attending a United Rentals Competent Person training course.
More than 60 percent of those surveyed they never see protection, which includes Shoring: Installing aluminum hydraulics or were placed into an “industry” group, sloping, shielding, benching and shoring; other types of supports to prevent cave-ins. meaning those individuals perform ac- 50 percent said they only see it occasionally. Shielding: Using trench boxes or other tual trench group work, including con- supports to prevent cave-ins. struction workers, foreman, supervisors, The OSHA standard for trenching and contractors and even emergency respond- excavation (29 CFR 1926.650-652, When planning for an excavation proj- ers. Most of the remaining participants Subpart P) requires protective systems for ect, consider the following to guide the were in health and safety functions – trenches five feet or deeper unless the ex- equipment selection process: health and safety professionals, safety cavation occurs in stable rock. Trenches trainers and compliance officers. at least 20 feet deep or approved tabu- 1. Ask why you are excavating. This lated data prepared for the system require may seem like a simple question, but the If we dig into the results, we can pin- a registered professional engineer. answer may uncover some additional in- point a few areas that stood out as sights and considerations. For example, opportunities. The three primary protective systems: installing a large system like an electrical Sloping (benching): Cutting back the vault may require a different protective Choosing the Right Trench Protection trench wall at an angle inclined away system than a long, linear gas pipe or wa- Among those surveyed, 20 percent said from the excavation. ter main installation.
36 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 2. Excavation size: Consider width, surroundings or working conditions that experience, industry knowledge and solu- depth and length. Deeper excavations are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous tions – all of which continue to evolve. may require different equipment like to employees, and who has the authoriza- heavy-duty steel trench boxes or hydrau- tion to take prompt corrective measures Being Dedicated to Training lic bracing. to eliminate them.” Safety training is key and now, more 3. Look around. Are there nearby struc- than ever, keeping up to date is crucial. tures, groundwater issues or overhead ob- Duties typically include soil classifica- There are several different formats and structions? Consider potential hurdles in tion, trench inspection at the start of blended learning is on the rise. installation. each shift or when conditions change 4. Classifying soil type is essential. Be and choosing appropriate trench protec- A more educated workforce is a safer and sure to consult your competent person. tive systems if required. more productive workforce. Companies 5. What is the working area? Consider face daily challenges to this goal, and dirt storage, buildings and roads. All More than 40 percent of the survey re- lectures with minimal classroom engage- factors may help guide the equipment spondents failed to see a trained, compe- ment do not suffice as training. Training decision. tent person on their jobsite. organizations with dedicated resources can offer quality safety instruction, to- Protective equipment to improve pro- If a company designates a competent per- gether with assistance outside the class- ductivity and worker safety has become son for one activity, he or she is not auto- room, including worksite consultation, significantly better with advancements in matically qualified as a competent person engineered designs and safety equipment. both manufactured systems using tabu- for another. A person may have the skills lated data and site-specific engineered and knowledge for trench and shoring Training in excavation safety for competent solutions. Lighter-duty shields with projects but not necessarily be qualified persons, confined space entry, fall protec- high-arch clearance, cut-outs and guide to inspect scaffolding, conduct a fall haz- tion, site-specific regulatory compliance and frames, and larger-capacity hydraulic ard analysis or inspect personal fall arrest operator certifications are risk management bracing, give companies more options systems. Large jobsites may even require levers that can also improve productivity. to manage the quality, production and more than one competent person. And toolbox talks on a regular basis are a safety of their projects. good way to reinforce trench safety basics. Another interesting takeaway from the Designating a Competent Person survey is almost 70 percent of the re- Improving Excavation Worksite Safety And finally, designate and train the com- spondents didn’t think that the OSHA The survey uncovered some key findings. petent person. Making sure the compe- regulations in standard 1926 subpart P Top of the list is the need for more pre- tent person is adequately trained is one of were confusing. However, of the 30 per- planning, followed closely by the lack of the most important steps in trench safety. cent that did find them confusing, the onsite competent person. It also unveiled unclear areas were (in order): opportunities to increase continuous Many OSHA standards, including 1926 - Trench sloping and benching safety training and education on the standards subpart P for trenching and excavation, (depth and width requirements) in place and safe best practices. require an onsite competent person to - Protective systems perform certain activities. According to - Competent person’s role and It is always a good idea to consult with a the survey results, over 70 percent of re- responsibilities trench safety professional before begin- spondents think they qualified as a com- - Access and Egress ning any trench or excavation project. ESG petent person for trench work. But what does a competent person do? And how Although the requirements from 1926 Joe Wise is the Regional Customer can you confirm qualification? subpart P haven’t changed, the products Training Manager for the Trench Safety and innovations certainly have. It’s not business unit of United Rentals. He As defined by OSHA, a competent per- just an awareness of the standards and provides strategic oversight to competent son is “one who is capable of identify- regulations; it’s leveraging the material person training programs in confined ing existing predictable hazards in the and insight from the instructor, practical space, excavation safety and others.
More than 40 percent of the survey respondents failed to see a trained, competent person on their jobsite.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 37 WHEN THINGS GO WRONG HOW TO DEVELOP BY GEN HANDLEY a lone With an unprecedented number of employ- ees now working alone or remotely, it is the worker employers’ responsibility to put a program in place to protect these people who are more vulnerable because of their new em- safety ployment conditions. This applies to those in the excavation industry who face a mul- program titude of safety hazards including: • Flooding or deep pits of water. • Falls into trenches and pits/holes. without • Slips, trips, and falls off equipment and structures. • Trench cave-ins or equipment and breaking structure collapses. • Exposure to toxic gases and chemicals the bank (natural gas and sewage lines) as well as suffocation from lack of oxygen. • Electrocution from buried and over- head electrical lines. • Impact from falling or flying objects/ materials as well as mobile machinery.
There are a number of systems and prac- tices that can be put in place to protect the lone workers including shoring, slop- ing, and temporary protective structures such as trench boxes. But it you want to be truly proactive and put measures in place to prevent accidents before they occur, you need to develop a lone worker safety pro- gram. Does it sound daunting and expen- Implement a check-in system hazards and developed a check-in system, sive? The good news is that it can be neither Once you have identified the safety risks, you then need to create company poli- with some thorough planning, research, you need to then explore ways of miti- cies and plans that will reduce the noted and training. gating them as effectively as possible. A risks - these make up the skeleton of your powerful tool to have is a check-in system program. While it can be a mundane, Assess your risks and hazards in which the lone worker is required to somewhat boring task, these policies and The first step to developing any effective lone check in with their organization at pre- programs are a record clearly demon- worker safety program is to conduct an ex- determined times, confirming and com- strating what the employer intends to do haustive hazard assessment of any safety risks municating that they are safe. This highly about eliminating or at least reducing the and hazards threatening your workers’ well- effective system can be manual (effective, safety hazard and increasing the workers’ being. Once you know what the threats are, but requires more staff time, prone to hu- health and well-being. When developing you can then look at ways of reducing them. man error) or can be automated (much these plans, make sure you consult with Safety hazards and risks are always chang- more effective and requires minimal staff all members of the team who are im- ing from location to location and from job to time, significantly less human error). pacted by these risks and hazards – they job, therefore you need to regularly conduct can provide invaluable feedback and in- risk assessments to adapt and therefore main- Develop safety policies and strategies sight, helping the most effective safety tain a safe work environment. Once you identified the potential safety policies and strategies.
38 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Engaging education and training the check-in system mentioned earlier. them through. In an emergency with some- A lone worker safety program is futile if one working alone, every second counts so the workers it is benefiting are unaware Provide communication options this plan could potentially save a life. of it and its policies. That is why once the To accommodate this regular communica- policies are finalized, workers must be edu- tion, you need have channels in place for Use the tools available cated, trained and updated regularly about that connection to occur. This may sound Especially when lone employers are work- how these policies impact their work. They like an obvious point, but your program ing off the beaten path without any cellular must understand the rationale of the poli- must identify which channels will be used service, communication and the technology cies and how they benefit themselves, their for which issues. The reason why this must for that communication is a part of your pro- team, and the organization. When teaching be noted is because every manager and ev- gram. There are a number of options available the team about your safety policies, try to ery organization communicate with their including the ubiquitous smart phone or sat- make it as engaging as possible. In addition team differently. For example, my orga- ellite devices. There are also a growing num- to official training sessions, you can also -ed nization requests that any safety concerns ber of lone worker protection apps that can ucate your team through online workshops be sent to an official email address, but be used on existing devices like smartphones, or lunch-and-learns, social-distance work- any other work-related concerns are com- eliminating the extra costs of purchasing shops, creative online courses, casual quiz- municated to my manager in an online new, expensive devices. These apps allow lone zes, and contests - or all the above. document – it varies from workplace to workers to check in and sometimes have loca- workplace. Clearly outlining this early helps tion tracking and fall detection. Constant communication facilitate your safety program and policies Even after all of the correspondence when while encouraging staff to communicate It is worth the work developing your lone worker policies and more frequently and comfortably. As said earlier, developing a lone worker safety program, you need to regularly communi- program may seem like a lot of work but it cate with the team, exploring new safety Plan for an emergency is absolutely worth it. Instead of being reac- strategies, modifying existing safety polices As part of your communications and a ma- tive when an emergency takes place, you are or just simply talking about how they’re do- jor pillar of a solid lone worker safety pro- proactively implementing policies and mea- ing. Regular, engaging communication is a gram, every organization must have a lone sure that can prevent the incident from tak- major component of a transparent and posi- worker emergency communications plan as ing place at all, potentially saving the life of a tive work safety culture where injuries and well. While these plans do not require the valued team member. While there are a num- accidents are less likely to occur. With lone amount of planning and documentation ber of moving parts, a solid lone worker safety and remote workers, there is also flexibility needed to develop your policies, they are program is most effective when you have es- when it comes to communication. Forbes nonetheless just as important for your safety tablished a positive safety culture where every- recommends focusing on the process, not the program. The plan should document any one is comfortable, committed to a safe work person, so you “can work together in prob- possible communications issues in the case environment and on board. ESG lem solving mode to pool and confirm best of an emergency with a lone worker, how to ideas.” Because these people are alone, there eliminate those issues, as well as the team Gen Handley represents SafetyLine and must be greater effort to maintain constant members who need to be contacted in an its Lone Worker program. Learn more at communication to confirm their safety, like emergency and the best channels to reach safetylineloneworker.com.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 39 WHEN THINGS GO WRONG
SO, YOU’RE GOING TO BE A WITNESS: TIPS FOR TESTIFYING EFFECTIVELY AT TRIAL IN A COVID-19 WORLD
BY JAMES J. PROSZEK
You have done your investigation, you have that was damaged was, or was not, accu- seen is a case where an excavator damaged testified at a deposition, mediation has failed, rately marked? Where and when was this a line after failing to expose it by hand be- and now you are going to trial. These tips photo taken? What does it show? fore attempting to cross it. The excava- may help succeed at trial, particularly in light tor claimed the ground was too hard to of the challenges posed by remote testimony Making a timeline of key events can be dig with hand tools. The truth was that it at a video trial or hearing necessitated by cur- helpful. You can match the documents would not have been impossible to do so, rent COVID-19 conditions. to the key events in the timeline and the just more time-consuming, and expen- points those documents illustrate. sive. Throughout the trial, however, the Preparation, Not Inspiration, excavator’s lawyer repeatedly referred the Wins Trials Photos taken with cell phone cameras of- the ground as “impenetrable coral rock.” The side most prepared to tell its story in a ten contain metadata which include time Repeating that theme consistently through- simple, straightforward manner often wins and date. Comparing this data to informa- out the trial left an impression that was dif- at trial. There are a number of aspects to tion contained in other reports can assist in ficult to overcome. being prepared – know your subject matter, compiling an accurate timeline and provide develop a simple theme, make sure you and a supporting narrative. 3. Make Sure You and Your Attorney your attorney are on the same page, avoid Are on the Same Page overreaching, anticipate where the other side Talk with other witnesses. The collective Sit down with your attorney and go over the is likely to attack and be thoroughly familiar memory of the group can help you remem- questions he will ask at trial. Memorizing with the processes and technology required ber what happened and help you avoid a all the questions and answers is not the to participate remotely by video conference. conflict with what another witness may say. goal. However, you want to make sure you give the answer he is expecting. Answering 1. Know Your Case Review your prior testimony. Make sure “no” to a question he expected you to an- The best way to make a bad impression on your story at trial does not change from the swer “yes” to makes you both look unpre- the jury is to get on the stand and not know one you told at your deposition. If it does, pared and negatively impacts your, and your case or what you have said before. At have a ready explanation. your case’s, credibility with the jury. best, you look like a poor witness. Worse, you could be perceived as a liar. 2. Develop a Simple Theme for the Case Judges and jurors who have come of age A critical mistake is making your case too in a digital world can become frustrated Make sure you have reviewed, and are fa- complicated for the jury to understand. when technology does not work smoothly. miliar with, the key facts and the docu- Develop a simple theme around the stron- Failure to be technologically prepare poses ments and photos your side will use at trial. gest points and repeat that theme through- at least two risks. First, inability to fol- Details can be significant. Why is it that out the trial. low the presentation, or breaks needed to you are sure the damage occurred at a spe- correct technological or presentation is- cific time? How do you know the facility One of the most effective examples I have sues can lead to the fact finder becoming
40 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 bored and losing interest. Second, lack of jury rather than the attorney. With remote software to add annotations or diagrams a smooth technological presentation can testimony, this means looking straight at to the photographs as the testimony pro- affect the credibility of the witnesses and the camera rather than around the room or gresses can be an effective tool to illus- the entire case. Make sure both you and fumbling with notes or documents. trate that testimony. your attorney are familiar with, and ad- ept at using, the presentation program that Juries and judges also tend to dislike wit- 3. Use simple language will be used. nesses who are disrespectful of the other The utility and excavating industry is filled party and their lawyer. Answer the other with technical terms and acronyms. If the jury 4. Don’t Overreach lawyer’s questions politely and sincerely does not understand your testimony, it is dif- Tell your attorney beforehand if you are un- rather than arguing or showing hostility ficult for them to find in your favor. Consider sure about, or lack personal knowledge of, a or derision. the best ways to explain your business and the point she anticipates proving through your facts of your case in plain language that jurors testimony. Guessing or speculating about Finally, a smooth presentation is extremely can understand rather than technical terms and things which are beyond what you know important. Make sure that you and your acronyms which, while simple to you, likely leaves you open to having your credibility attorney have gone over all documents and mean nothing to the jurors. called into question on cross examination. photos that will be used so you are prepared to coherently present them. CONCLUSION 5. Walk a Mile in the Other Side’s Shoes Making sure you know your case, develop- Knowing the weaknesses of your case can be 1. Be a teacher ing a simple theme, and anticipating how as important as knowing its strengths. View You have worked in your business for years. the other side will attack the weaknesses the case from your opponent’s perspective. You know and understand it, and this case. in your case will ensure you are prepared What will the other side try to highlight? The judge and jurors know nothing about to testify at trial. Speaking directly to the What questions would you ask to exploit your case and likely little about your busi- judge or jury, respectfully and in plain lan- those weaknesses? Considering those issues ness. Your job is to teach them about your guage and, if the trial will be done remotely, before you testify gives you the opportunity business and the facts of this case in a way being able to effectively use video presen- to formulate responses rather than being they can understand. tation technology, will help you follow caught by surprise in front of the jury. through on that preparation, and hopefully 2. Use pictures and drawings win your case. ESG How You Say it is as Important as While it may be a cliché, “a picture is What You Say worth a thousand words.” It is much James Proszek, is a shareholder in the Your attorney already knows your case and easier to show the judge or jury a pic- Tulsa, Oklahoma office of the law firm of is on your side. You want to engage the ture of utility locate marks or a diagram Hall, Estill. Mr. Proszek is a trial attor- jury when testifying. You do this by talk- of the “tolerance zone” than it is to ex- ney with over 30 years of experience. He ing to, and making eye contact with, the plain it with words. Use of presentation can be reached at [email protected].
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 41 LOCATING & MARKING
VIDEO VAULT
WHITE LINING White lining is a simple process for excavators to clearly indicate areas that need to be marked to the locators.
The Excavation Safety Alliance (ESA) is a virtual com- munity for everyone interested in safe excavation and damage prevention. ESA provides free education via videos, podcasts & blogs. Follow the QR Code for examples of the short how-to videos available FREE at ESA including:
PRIVATE LOCATING: Private utilities are not marked with a call to 811. Learn how to ensure private facilities are located and why it’s important to Pre-Excavation ExcavationChecklist mark them. EVERY • Note location, height, and 4Before operator of overhead lines
- Pipeline valves q • Note all required safety - Cable pedestals signage IN THE OFFICE - Electric cables Video and/or sketches q Review all drawings, plans, - Water valves q where pertinent Learn more about the exciting new ESA membership program com- engineering blueprints for - Telephone closures existing buried facilities Look for evidence of trench q BEFORE YOU DIG q Proposed excavation area lines from previous Review safety information ing spring 2020 at ExcavationSafetyAlliance.com and the hundreds has been marked in white excavation q with anyone working paint and/or flags Look for cleared pipeline q the job q Call 811 at least 2-3 business ROWs of hours of education available to members, including: q Confirm with facility owner days before excavation Talk with the property q vacuum or hydro excavation (check your state One owner or general is scheduled for all Call laws) contractor to identify pipelines impacted • Excavator Safety webinars q Locate ticket number is potential private facilities PRE-EXCAVATION CHECKLIST:q Locations for hand digging posted at the work location that may not be marked: within the tolerance zone q Onsite meeting scheduled - Lighting • Ask the Expert Series are noted with all high profile - Outbuildings Use a checklist tofacilities ensure in locate area (gas/everyone’s - Pools/Spas safetyq onRepresentatives the for jobsite all oil pipelines, high-voltage - Irrigation critical facilities are present • SUE Series cables, fiber optic) - Sewer laterals q Emergency equipment before starting a job. - Propane tanks available when hazardous ONSITE - Communications lines atmospheres are potentially • Vacuum Excavation Series Complete a pre-excavation present walkthrough of the entire Document of Jobsite: q List of all emergency jobsite and adjacent areas q Compare actual jobsite to contact numbers for assets • CAMO Emergency Response Workshop, coming in April 2020. One Call ticket in and adjacent to the dig Visual Inspection of Jobsite: - One Call ticket covers the zone is readily available Permanent markers: scope of the work q The location and route to Signs or marking posts - One Call ticket “Work to q the nearest hospital is - Pavement markers Begin” date is valid known by onsite (stamped nails, pavement - All utilities have responded supervisors For a global perspective, watch these videos from the 2020 UK decals, A-tags™) - All facilities are marked This document is provided for informational purposes only and does - Surface markers not constitute professional advice. It is intended to be used as a guide within the excavation area - Other surface signage for in the development of a checklist specific to your situation and may not National Damage Prevention Day. q be inclusive of all pre-excavation activities required of your situation. landscaped areas q Photograph the jobsite Consult your company’s appropriate management before implementa - Locate marks and flags tion. Excavation Safety Guide, its employees and agents accept no q Locate marks liability and disclaim all responsibility for the consequences of acting, from 360° at varying or refraining from acting, in reliance of the information contained in this document or for any decision based on it, or for any consequential, • Are we using location technology to its best potential? q Consult any maps or field distances for perspective special, incidental or punitive damage to any person or entity for any sketches of the location - Permanent signage and matter relating to the contents of this document. q Identify all services to location relative to the • Why do we hit things and what are the barriers to change? buildings such as: dig area: - Gas meters - Farm taps • Industry champions including a focus on regulatory performance • Understanding barriers to feeding back data, and understanding the mechanisms of receiving feedback including what needs to happen to get industry buy-in. • Understanding strike incidents- who, where, what and how? • What range of stakeholders are the most important for damage pre- I HIT SOMETHING, NOW WHAT?: vention? How can we engage them better and how can we best pres- ent information to them? If you do hit a buried facility, documenting the damage • A look across the pond; what we can learn from a more collaborative is critical. and cohesive approach?
42 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 VIDEO VAULT
Along with this video detailing pipeline safety for excavators, Pipeline Association for Public Awareness offers many other FREE videos, including:
Audience Specific Awareness Videos • Pipelines Informational Video • Emergency Response Part 2 • General Public • Spotlight on Pipelines - Public • Emergency Response Part 3 • Emergency Management Television • Emergency Response Part 4 • Highway Patrol • Case Study - Petroleum Liquids • Emergency Response Part 5 • Land & Planning Agents • Excavation Emergencies • Emergency Response Video (15 min.) • Local Law Enforcement • Pipeline Emergency Preparedness • Rural Fire Departments • Pipeline Safety for Excavators Pipeline Ag Safety • Dispatchers • PANW Presentation • Minnesota Farm Safety Tips • JJ Harrison Rodeo Events • Texas Farm & Ranch Safety Tips Educational Videos • Case Study - Natural Gas • Field Tile Testimonial • Call 811 • 811 Day 2017, Assaria, KS • Pipeline Safety for Excavators Emergency Response Videos • Call Before Ya Dig • National Pipeline Mapping System • Emergency Response Part 1
Audience Specific Awareness Videos • How to File an Alleged Violation Report • New Website Tips • April National Safe Digging Month VIDEO VAULT • Accessing the Coordinate PA User’s Guide • Holding the Pre-Construction Meeting • Creating A Routine Construction Ticket for Your Complex Project Along with their new Liaison Library • Creating a Complex Project in Coordinate PA Series, Pennsylvalia811 offers many • How A Facility Owner Responds To KARL other FREE videos, including: • What is Minor Routine Maintenance? • Introduction to Coordinate PA • Coordinate PA • How Do I Report Damage? • What is Drawing Exchange? • Crew Footage of a Lateral Camera Launch • I Hit A Line Now What? • Locating the Bio Ball • No Marks Now What? • Bio Ball Flush 1 • What does AVR mean? • Bio Ball pullback test • What are the benefits of becoming a PA One Call member? • 811 Day 2020 - Cross Bore Prevention • No One Call Ticket • 811 Day 2020 - Trench Safety • The Four Components of a Correct Mark • 811 Day 2020 - Electric Safety • Cross Bore Penetration • 811 Day 2020 - New Website Demonstration • 5 Steps to Safer Digging Toolbox HD • 811 Day 2020 - Designer Lunch and Learn • Cross Bore Awareness Introduction Video • 811 Day 2020 - Ask 811 ESG
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 43 RESOURCE DIRECTORY
Common Ground Alliance
Excavation Best Practices 17.0 Project Owner One Call Center The Best Practices Committee of the Common Ground Alliance (CGA) developed the following guide based on the Common Ground Study. The Best Practices document is considered the “go to” resource by all stakeholders, governments, and Facility Owner Designer associated industries when addressing safety and damage prevention issues inter- nally, as well as on the local, state, and national levels. Excavator Locator To view or download the complete Common Ground Alliance Best Practices Field Manual, visit CommonGroundAlliance.com 5-1: One Call Facility Locate Request Practice Statement: 5-4: Pre-Excavation Meeting The excavator requests the location of underground facilities at each site by no- tifying the facility owner/operator through the One Call Center. Unless otherwise Practice Statement: specified in state/provincial law, the excavator calls the One Call Center at least two When practical, the excavator requests a meeting with the facility locator working days and no more than ten working days prior to beginning excavation. at the job site prior to marking the facility locations. Such pre-job meetings are important for major, or unusual, excavations. Practice Description: Currently 50 states and 5 Canadian provinces have One Call legislation and/or Practice Description: established One Call Centers recognizing that excavation performed without The meeting facilitates communications, coordinates the marking with prior notification poses a risk to public safety, excavators, and the environment, actual excavation, and ensures identification of high-priority facilities. An and can disrupt vital services provided by facility operators. Increased partici- on-site pre-excavation meeting between the excavator, facility owners/ pation in this One Call system provides for improved communication between operators, and locators (where applicable) is recommended on major or excavators and facility operators necessary to reduce damage. large projects. This includes projects such as road, sewer, water, or other projects that cover a large area, that progress from one area to the next, 5-2: White Lining67 or that are located near critical or high-priority facilities. Such facilities include, but are not limited to, high-pressure gas, high-voltage electric, Practice Statement: fiber-optic communication, and major pipe or water lines. When the excavation site cannot be clearly and adequately identified on the locate ticket, the excavator designates the route and/or area to be excavated 5-5: Facility Relocations using white premarking, either onsite or electronically (when available through the One Call Center), prior to or during the request for the locate ticket. Practice Statement: The excavator coordinates work that requires temporary or permanent in- Practice Description: terruption of a facility owner/operator’s service with the affected facility The route of the excavation is marked with white paint, flags, stakes, lines, owner/operator in all cases. polygons, or a combination of these to outline the dig site prior to or dur- ing notification to the One Call Center and before the locator arrives on the Practice Description: job. Electronic white lining when available provides an alternative method Any temporary or permanent interruption requires the active participation where excavators may indicate their defined dig area visually by electronic by the facility owner/operator and the excavator to ensure protection of data entry (lines or polygons) without the need for a physical site visit. The facilities through a joint preplanning meeting or conference call. One Call technology allows the excavator to identify for the locate technician a clear Centers note on the ticket any special contractor requests for a joint meet- delineation of their proposed excavation area. Premarking allows the exca- ing that require the facility owner/operator to initiate the process. vators to accurately communicate to the One Call Center, facility owners/ 5-6: Separate Locate Requests operators or their locator where excavation is to occur. The 1997 safety study “Protecting Public Safety through Excavation Damage Prevention” by the Practice Statement: NTSB reached the conclusion that premarking is a practice that helps pre- Every excavator on the job has a separate One Call reference number be- vent excavation damage. Maine was one of the first states to have mandatory fore excavating. premarking for non-emergency excavations. Connecticut also adopted a pre- marking requirement; however, the law provides for face-to-face meetings Practice Description: between operators and excavators on projects that are too large for or not There are often several excavators on a job site performing work. The con- conductive to premarking. Facility owners/operators can avoid unnecessary struction schedule may dictate different types of work requiring excavation work created when locating facilities that are not associated with planned from different specialty contractors simultaneously. In these situations, it excavation. (See Appendix B for additional practice information) is imperative for each excavator to obtain a One Call reference number be- fore excavation to ensure that the specific areas have been appropriately 5-3: Locate Reference Number marked by any affected underground facility owner/operator. Practice Statement: 5-7: One Call Access (24/7) The excavator receives and maintains a reference number from the One Call Center that verifies that the locate was requested. Practice Statement: The excavator has access to a One Call Center 24 hours per day, 7 days Practice Description: a week. All calls from excavators processed by the One Call Center receive a unique message reference number, which is contained on all locate request mes- Practice Description: sages. The excavator records this number; it is proof of notification to Utilities service the public needs 24 × 7 and thus should be protected dur- the members. The computer-generated request identifies the date, time, ing that same time. Certain conditions may exist that require excavators to and sequence number of the locate request. Each locate request ticket work during off-hours (city/road congestion, off-peak utility service hours). (notification) is assigned a unique number with that One Call Center, the Although most excavators are on the job site during regular work hours, requestor, and the facility owner/operator. This number distinguishes this they need to be able to call in future work locations after 5:00 p.m. This ticket from all other tickets so that it can be archived and retrieved upon allows them more flexibility to schedule work and to avoid peak hours of request to provide the details of that request only. locate requests at the One Call center.
44 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 5-8: Positive Response 5-11: Documentation of Marks Practice Statement: Practice Statement: The underground facility owner/operator either 1) identifies for the exca- An excavator uses dated pictures, videos, or sketches with distance from mark- vator the facility’s tolerance zone at the work site by marking, flagging, ings to fixed objects recorded, to document the actual placement of markings. or other acceptable methods; or 2) notifies the excavator that no conflict situation exists. This takes place after the One Call Center notifies the Practice Description: underground facility owner/operator of the planned excavation and within In most situations when underground facilities are not properly marked, the time specified by state/provincial law. excavators have no way of knowing where underground utilities are lo- cated. If locate markings are adequately documented through the use of Practice Description: photographs, video tape, or sketches before excavation work begins, it is If a facility owner/operator determines that the excavation or demolition is not near easier to resolve disputes if an underground facility is damaged as a result any of its existing underground facilities, it notifies the excavator that no conflict of improper marking, failure to mark, or markings that have been moved, exists and that the excavation or demolition area is “clear.” This notification by the removed, or covered. It is important for excavators and locators to docu- facility owner/operator to the excavator may be provided in any reasonable manner ment the location of markings before excavation work begins. The primary including, but not limited to face-to-face communications; phone or phone mes- purpose of this best practice is to avoid unnecessary litigation and expen- sage, facsimile or other electronic means; posting at the excavation or demolition sive legal fees for all parties involved. area; or marking the excavation or demolition area. If an excavator has knowledge of the existence of an underground facility and has received an “all clear,” a prudent 5-12: Work Site Review with Company Personnel excavator will attempt to communicate that a conflict does indeed exist, and the Practice Statement: locator will make marking these facilities a priority before excavation begins. Better Prior to starting work, the excavator reviews the location of underground communication between the excavator and the facility owner/operator is required facilities with site personnel. as an area of excavation becomes more crowded with new underground facilities. “Positive response” is a term used to describe the two types of action Practice Description: taken by a facility owner/operator after it receives notification of intent to Sharing information and safety issues during an on-site meeting between excavate. The facility owner/operator must 1) mark its underground facili- the excavator and the excavating crews helps avoid confusion and needless ties with stakes, paint, or flags; or 2) notify the excavator that the facility damage to underground facilities. owner/operator has no underground facilities in the area of excavation. This process allows the excavator to begin work in a timely manner. 5-13: One Call Reference at Site59 When the excavator makes the request to the One Call Center, the exca- vator is told which facility owners/operators will be notified. The excavator Practice Statement: logs these facilities on a job sheet and identifies which facility owner/opera- Except in case of an emergency, the excavator at each job site has avail- tors have responded by marking and which have cleared the area. When able a complete description of the dig site, a list of the facility owner mem- a facility owner/operator does not respond by marking or clearing, it may bers impacted at that dig site as identified by the One Call Center, and the indicate that the facility owner/operator did not receive a locate notice or One Call Center ticket number. that the One Call Center’s contact information for that facility owner/opera- tor may be incorrect, incomplete, or corrupt (which could result in calamity). Practice Description: When the excavator has obtained all required information, the excava- The availability of locate request details on site is useful because excava- tion can commence with confidence that the safety of the work crew and tors can easily access information about the location and extent of work, the public at large has been considered. the valid start time, and the list of operators notified. The documentation also provides an excavator with appropriate information for daily tailgate 5-9: Facility Owner/Operator Failure to Respond meetings for crews; provides quick references for excavation equipment operators; and facilitates communications between the excavator and the Practice Statement: One Call Center with respect to that particular locate request, should it If the facility owner/operator fails to respond to the excavator’s timely request for become necessary. When multiple crews are working on the same project a locate (e.g., within the time specified by state/provincial requirements) or if the at separate locations or when different employers have crews working at facility owner/operator notifies the excavator that the underground facility cannot the same location, each crew has the information. be marked within the time frame and a mutually agreeable date for marking cannot be arrived at, then the excavator re-calls the One Call Center. However, this does 5-14: Contact Names and Numbers not preclude the excavator from continuing work on the project. The excavator may proceed with excavation at the end of two working days, unless otherwise specified Practice Statement: in state/provincial law, provided the excavator exercises due care in all endeavors. The excavator’s designated competent person at each job site has access to the names and phone numbers of all facility owner/operator contacts Practice Description: and the One Call Center. The facility owner/ operator and the excavator partner together to ensure that facilities are marked in an acceptable time frame to allow for under- Practice Description: ground facility protection. Situations arise on the job site that require immediate notification of the facility owner/operator, One Call Center, or local emergency personnel. 5-10: Locate Verification To avoid costly delays, the excavator ensures that the designated job site personnel have all appropriate names and phone numbers. If telephone Practice Statement: communication is unavailable, radio communication to the “home office” Prior to excavation, excavators verify that they are at the correct location, verify is available so that timely notification can be made. The “home office” also locate markings and, to the best of their ability, check for unmarked facilities. has immediate access to all appropriate names and telephone numbers. Practice Description: 5-15: Facility Avoidance Upon arrival at the excavation site and prior to beginning the excavation, an excavator does the following: Practice Statement: • Verifies that the dig site matches the One Call request and is timely The excavator uses reasonable care to avoid damaging underground facili- • Verifies that all facilities have been marked and reviews color codes if in doubt ties. The excavator plans the excavation so as to avoid damage or to mini- • Verifies all service feeds from buildings and homes mize interference with the underground facilities in or near the work area. • Checks for any visible signs of underground facilities, such as pedestals, risers, meters, and new trench lines Practice Description: • Checks for any facilities that are not members of the One Call Center Foremost on any construction project is safety. Excavators using caution and contact someone to get them located. around underground facilities significantly contribute to safe excavation Use of a pre-excavation checklist is recommended by insurers and prac- of existing facilities. ticed by responsible excavating contractors.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 45 RESOURCE DIRECTORY
5-16: Federal and State Regulations 5-20: Excavation Within Tolerance Zone Practice Statement: Practice Statement: The excavator complies with all applicable federal and state/provincial When excavation is to take place within the specified tolerance zone, the ex- safety regulations, and, when required, provides training as it relates to cavator exercises such reasonable care as may be necessary for the protec- the protection of underground facilities. tion of any underground facility in or near the excavation area. Methods to consider, based on certain climate or geographical conditions, include hand Practice Description: digging when practical (pot holing), soft digging, vacuum excavation methods, Although most existing state/provincial damage prevention legislation pneumatic hand tools, other mechanical methods with the approval of the facil- does not include reference to federal and state/ provincial regulations, it ity owner/operator, or other technical methods that may be developed. Hand is important to include reference to worker safety and training in the best digging and non-invasive methods are not required for pavement removal. practices. Excavators are required to comply with federal and state/pro- vincial occupational safety and health requirements to protect employees Practice Description: from injury and illness. These regulations include reference to training Safe, prudent, non-invasive methods that require the excavator to manually each employee to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions in the work en- determine the actual location of a facility are considered “safe excavation vironment and to control or eliminate any hazards or exposures to illness practices” in a majority of state/provincial laws (38 states). A majority of or injury. Therefore, the excavator’s crew, as part of its safety training, is states outline safe excavation practices to include hand digging or pot hol- informed of the best practices and regulations applicable to the protection ing (16 states). Some states specifically allow for the use of power exca- of underground facilities. vating equipment for the removal of pavement. Each state/province must take differing geologic conditions and weather related factors into consid- 5-17: Marking Preservation eration when recommending types of excavation within the tolerance zone. Practice Statement: 5-21: Mismarked Facilities The excavator protects and preserves the staking, marking, or other des- ignation of underground facilities until no longer required for proper and Practice Statement: safe excavation. The excavator stops excavating and notifies the One Call The excavator notifies the facility owner/ operator directly or through the Center for re-marks if any facility mark is removed or is no longer visible. One Call Center if an underground facility is not found where one has been marked or if an unmarked underground facility is found. Following this no- Practice Description: tification, the excavator may continue work if the excavation can be per- During long, complex projects, the marks for underground facilities may formed without damaging the facility, unless specified otherwise in state/ need to be in place far longer than the locating method is durable. Painting, provincial law. staking, and other marking techniques last only as long as the weather and other variables allow. When a mark is no longer visible, but work continues Practice Description: around the facility, the excavator requests a re-mark to ensure the protec- When an excavator finds an unmarked or inaccurately marked facility, ex- tion of the facility. cavation stops in the vicinity of the facility and notification takes place. If excavation continues, the excavator plans the excavation to avoid damage and interference with other facilities and protects facilities from damage. 5-18: Excavation Observer 5-22: Exposed Facility Protection Practice Statement: The excavator has an observer to assist the equipment operator when op- Practice Statement: erating excavation equipment around known underground facilities. Excavators support and protect exposed underground facilities from damage. Practice Description: The excavator designates a worker (an observer) who watches the excava- Practice Description: tion activity and warns the equipment operator while excavating around a Protecting exposed underground facilities is as important as preventing dam- utility to prevent damaging that buried facility. age to the facility when digging around the utility. Protecting exposed un- derground facilities helps ensure that the utility is not damaged and, at the 5-19: Excavation Tolerance Zone same time, protects employees working in the vicinity of the exposed facil- Practice Statement: ity. Exposed facilities can shift, separate, or be damaged when they are no The excavator observes a tolerance zone that is comprised of the width of longer supported or protected by the soil around them. Excavators support the facility plus 18 in. on either side of the outside edge of the underground or brace exposed facilities and protect them from moving or shifting, which facility on a horizontal plane. This practice is not intended to preempt any could result in damage to the facility. This can be accomplished in different existing state/provincial requirements that currently specify a tolerance ways; for example, by shoring the facility from below or by providing a timber zone of more than 18 in. support with hangers across the top of an excavation to ensure that the facil- ity does not move or bend. In addition, workers are instructed to not climb Practice Description: on, strike, or attempt to move exposed facilities that could damage protec- (See Practice Statement 5–20) tive coatings, bend conduit, separate pipe joints, damage cable insulation, damage fiber optics, or in some way affect the integrity of the facility. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) also has addressed this issue in Subpart P—Excavation Standard 29 CFR 1926.651(b)(4), which states “While the excavation is open, underground installations shall be pro- tected, supported, or removed as necessary to safeguard employees.” For example, an unsupported sewer main could shift, causing the pipe joints to separate, which could result in the trench where employees are working to flood, endangering the safety of employees.
46 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 5-23: Locate Request Updates 5-26: Emergency Excavation Practice Statement: Practice Statement: The excavator calls the One Call Center to refresh the ticket when excavation In the case of an emergency excavation, maintenance or repairs may be continues past the life of the ticket (sometimes, but not always, defined by made immediately, provided that the excavator notifies the One Call Center state/provincial law). This recognizes that it is a best practice to define ticket and facility owner/operator as soon as reasonably possible. This includes life. If not currently defined in state/provincial law, ticket life is ideally 10 situations that involve danger to life, health, or property or that require working days but does not exceed 20 working days. Original locate request immediate correction in order to continue the operation of or ensure the tickets are generated so that the minimum number of locate request updates continuity of public utility service or public transportation. are necessary for the duration of a project. After all the excavation covered by a locate request is completed, no additional locate request updates are Practice Description: generated. Communication between excavation project planners, field per- This practice allows excavation to begin immediately to restore service or sonnel, and clerical personnel is essential in accomplishing this task.36 to stop a hazardous situation from getting worse in the case of a gas or pipeline leak, cut telephone cable, or other facility damage. Practice Description: Refreshing the ticket recognizes that markings are temporary and provides notifi- 5-27: Backfilling cation to facility owners/operators of ongoing excavation when a job is started but Practice Statement: not completed as planned. Any excavation not begun during the life of the ticket The excavator protects all facilities from damage when backfilling an ex- is recalled to the One Call Center. Any excavation that covers a large area and will cavation. Trash, debris, coiled wire, or other material that could damage progress from one area to the next over a period of time is broken into segments existing facilities or interfere with the accuracy of future locates are not when notifying the One Call Center in order to coordinate the marking with actual buried in the excavation. excavation. The possibility exists that new facilities have been installed in the area where the excavation is to be conducted after the original notification and mark- Practice Description: ing. This practice also helps in situations where multiple excavators are working Extra caution must be taken to remove large rocks, sharp objects, and in the same area at essentially the same time. An example of when this can occur large chunks of hard-packed clay or dirt. No trash or pieces of abandoned is when two facility owners, such as a cable television company and a telephone lines are backfilled into the trench. This helps prevent inadvertent damage company, are planning to serve a new section of a subdivision. In their pre-planning to the facility during the backfill process. process, they see a vacant space in the right-of-way to place their new facility. Each excavator (internal or external) calls the One Call Center for locates and each 5-28: As-built Documentation facility owner/operator comes and marks their respective facilities indicating that Practice Statement: nothing exists. For one reason or another, one of the excavators gets delayed and Contractors installing underground facilities notify the facility owner/opera- does not start construction as planned, and when returning to the job site to place tor if the actual placement is different from expected placement. the new facility, finds new lines have been installed in the previously vacant space. Many facility owners/operators do not perform their own locates and utilize the Practice Description: services of a contracted facility locator. These contracted facility locators may not For a facility owner/operator to maintain accurate records of the location of be aware of work planned in the near future. By excavators refreshing the locate their facilities, it is critical that the contractor installing the new facility be ticket, the contract locator has another opportunity to identify newly placed facili- required to notify the facility owner/operator of deviations to the planned in- ties. This practice also gives the facility owner/operator another chance to identify stallation. Some facility owners/operators do not require a full-time inspector the location of their facilities and to avoid possible damage and disruption of service and use a sampling process to ensure that a new facility is correctly installed if something was marked incorrectly or missed on a previous locate. Excellent in compliance to specifications. When this occurs, it becomes much more planning, generation, and updating of tickets enhance safety and reduce the un- critical for the contractor to notify the facility owner/operator of changes. For necessary use of locate resources.37 example, it is common for the contractor to make adjustments in the loca- tion of the new facility when rocks or other underground obstructions are 5-24: Facility Damage Notification encountered or when the location of the new facility conflicts with another Practice Statement: existing underground facility. This change in plan can represent changes in An excavator discovering or causing damage to underground facilities noti- horizontal or vertical distances from the specified plans. The facility owner/ fies the facility owner/operator and the One Call Center. All breaks, leaks, operator establishes standards that require notification if a deviation is be- nicks, dents, gouges, grooves, or other damages to facility lines, conduits, yond specified tolerances, such as changes in depth of 6 in. or more and coatings, or cathodic protection are reported. lateral measurement changes of greater than 1 ft. When these changes to the expected location are communicated to the facility owner/operator, it is Practice Description: the owner/operator’s responsibility to take appropriate action to update their A majority of states require notification for damage or substantial weaken- records so that an accurate locate can be conducted in the future. ing of an underground facility (27 states). The possibility of facility failure or endangerment of the surrounding population dramatically increases 13 when a facility has been damaged. Although the facility may not immedi- 5-29: Trenchless Excavation ately fail, the underground facility owner/operator is provided the opportu- Practice Statement: nity to inspect the damage and make appropriate repairs. All stakeholders comply with all best practices and the following general guide- lines prior to, during, and after any trenchless excavation (as applicable). 5-25: Notification of Emergency Personnel Practice Description: Practice Statement: • The excavator requests the location of underground facilities at the en- If the damage results in the escape of any flammable, toxic, or corrosive gas trance pit, trenchless excavation path, and the exit pit by notifying the or liquid or endangers life, health, or property, the excavator responsible im- facility owner/operator through the One Call Center. 3 mediately notifies 911 and the facility owner/operator . The excavator takes • The trenchless equipment operator performs a site inspection, walking reasonable measures to protect everyone in immediate danger, the general the trenchless excavation path prior to commencing work, and has a good public, property, and the environment until the facility owner/operator or understanding of the job. 4 emergency responders arrive and complete their assessment . • The trenchless excavation operator confirms and maintains the path and Practice Description: minimum clearances established by the project owner and design engineer This practice is already required by many of the states’ One Call legislation. by tracking and recording the path of the trenchless excavation until com- This practice minimizes the danger to life, health, or property by notifying the plete. Means of tracking trenchless excavations include electronic locating/ proper authorities to handle the emergency situation. In these situations, lo- guidance devices, pipe lasers, water levels, visual inspection, etc. cal authorities are able to evacuate as appropriate and command substantial • When existing facilities are known to be present but cannot be potholed resources unavailable to the excavator or underground facility owner/opera- as a result of local conditions, the facility owner and the excavator meet to tor. The excavator takes reasonable measures based on their knowledge, discuss how to safely proceed with the excavation. training, resources, experience, and understanding of the situation to protect • The excavator stops the trenchless excavation operations if an abnormal themselves, people, property, and the environment until help arrives. The condition, unknown substructure, or other hidden hazard is encountered. excavator responsible remains on-site to convey any pertinent information to The excavator proceeds safely only after making positive identification. responders that may help them to safely mitigate the situation.4 (Refer to Practice Statements 2–13 and 4–19 for additional information.)
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 47 RESOURCE DIRECTORY
5-30: Emergency Coordination with Adjacent Facilities16 5-32: Vacuum Excavation39 Practice Statement: Practice Statement: Emergency response planning includes coordination with emergency re- Vacuum excavation, when used appropriately, is an efficient, safe, and sponders and other aboveground and/or underground infrastructure facility effective alternative to hand digging within the designated underground owner/operators identified by the Incident Commander through the Incident facility tolerance zone. Use of equipment also follows state/provincial laws Command System/Unified Command (ICS/UC) during an emergency. and/or local ordinances.
Practice Description: Practice Description: During emergency situations, there are many stakeholders involved: excavators, The safe exposure of underground facilities within the tolerance zone is locators, owner/operators, first responders, One Call Centers, and the general essential to damage prevention. Site conditions may make the use of hand public. Any actions taken by one stakeholder could adversely affect other stake- tools to expose underground facilities difficult or even impractical. Vacuum holders. Accordingly, emergency planning and response are coordinated. excavation is often an appropriate alternative. Locates must be obtained prior to the commencement of work (see Practice Statement 5–1). Many 5-31: No Charge for Providing Underground Facility underground facility owners/operators have specific criteria for safe exca- Locations23 vation/exposure practices around their facilities. Some underground facility owners/operators accept vacuum excavation as equivalent to hand exca- Practice Statement: vation for exposing their facilities, and others have restrictions on its use. Upon notification by One Call Centers, locations of underground facilities Vacuum excavation is an appropriate method of excavating safely around are provided by operators at no cost to excavators. underground facilities provided that the equipment • has been specifically designed and built for this purpose; Practice Description: • is operated by a worker trained and experienced in its operation; It is the basic underpinning of the call-before-you-dig process that persons • is operated in accordance with practices that provide appropriate levels involved in excavation activities receive facility locates at no charge when of worker and public safety and prevent damage to buried facilities; and they contact their local One Call Center to give notice of intent to exca- • is used in compliance with state/provincial laws and/or local ordinances. vate. This service is critical to maintaining the communication between operators and excavators. Call-before-you-dig education and marketing 5-33: Facility Owner Provides a Monitor During campaigns, such as 811 and those promoted by One Call Centers and Excavation64 associated industries, advise persons involved in excavation activities, including the public, homeowners, and professional excavators, that the Practice Statement: service is provided by facility operators at no charge to the person provid- If a facility owner/operator considers it necessary to be on site during ing the notice of intent to excavate. excavation activities to work with the excavator in protecting their exist- ing facilities, the facility owner/operator makes arrangements with the 3. 11/30/2001 Amendment approved by the CGA Board via TR-2001-02A excavator to be present during those excavation activities within the time 4. 09/27/2002 Amendment approved by the CGA Board via TR-2001-02B specified by state/provincial law. 13. 09/16/2005 Amendment approved by the CGA Board via TR-2002-03 16. 09/08/2006 Amendment approved by the CGA Board via TR-2005-02 Practice Description: 23. 08/08/2008 Amendment approved by the CGA Board via TR-2007-06 The facility owner/operator may determine it necessary to be on site during 36. 07/16/2010 Amendment approved by the CGA Board via TR-2009-16 excavation activities taking place near their facilities to help protect them. 37. 07/16/2010 Final wording approved by the CGA Board via TR-2009-16 A facility owner/operator has access to information and resources that 39. 09/10/2010 Amendment approved by the CGA Board via TR-2009-09 may not be available to the excavator. This practice should be considered 59. 06/19/2014 Wording approved by CGA Board via TR-2011-11 64. 12/13/2016 Approved by CGA Board via TR-2014-01 in conjunction with Practice Statement 2–4: Utility Coordination. 67. 12/13/2017 Approved by CGA Board via TR-2016-01
Community Liaison Services Central Region: Formerly known as the Community Assistance and Technical Services Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Michigan; Minnesota; Missouri; Nebraska; North (CATS) Program Dakota; South Dakota; Wisconsin. Angela Pickett: [email protected] • Phone: (816) 329-3823 PHMSA has renamed its CATS program to “Community Liaison Services” to more Sean Quinlan: [email protected] • Phone: (816) 329-3800 appropriately align with current roles and responsibilities and better interface with various stakeholders. Southern Region: Alabama; Florida; Georgia; Kentucky; Mississippi; North Carolina; Puerto Rico; South Mission: Carolina; Tennessee. To advance PHMSA’s pipeline safety mission by proactively engaging with pipeline stake- James Kelly: [email protected] • Phone: (404) 990-1848 holders, providing technical expertise, and leveraging technology, data, and information Arthur Buff: [email protected] • Phone: (404) 226-6153 to reduce pipeline risks and influence change through program and policy development. Eastern Region: Vision: Connecticut; Delaware; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; New Hampshire; New To serve as “trusted” and “credible” stewards of public safety and environmental protec- Jersey; New York; Ohio, Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; Vermont; Virginia; Washington, tion by raising awareness and influencing change to continuously improve pipeline safety. D.C.; West Virginia. If you need assistance with any of the following pipeline safety related matters, Karen Gentile: [email protected] • Phone: (609) 433-6650 please contact a PHMSA Community Liaison today: Ian Woods: [email protected] • Phone: (609) 468-9478 - Pipeline safety policy/programs (damage prevention, public awareness, emergency response, PIPA, etc.) Southwest Region: - Pipeline stakeholder engagement and outreach Arkansas; Louisiana; New Mexico; Oklahoma; Texas. - Pipeline technical services and support (public inquiries, whistleblowers, post in- Bill Lowry: [email protected] • Phone: (713) 272-2845 cident/accident communications, siting and permit initiatives) James ‘Jay’ Prothro:[email protected] • Phone: (713) 272-2832 - Questions about pipeline safety in your community Western Region: Community Liaisons are located within each PHMSA region. Contact information Alaska; Arizona; California; Colorado; Hawaii; Idaho; Montana; Nevada; Oregon; Utah; for the Community Liaisons for your state is noted below. Washington; Wyoming. Tom Finch: [email protected] • Phone: (720) 963-3175 Community Liaison Services Program Manager Dave Mulligan: [email protected] • Phone: (720) 963-3193 Karen Lynch: [email protected] • Phone: (202) 366-6855
48 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATIONS One Call and State Law Directory TICKETS STATE LAWS & PROVISIONS EXEMPTIONS ACCEPTED Informational purposes only. Information and laws are sub-
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You can reach your local One Call utility plus the width of the utility) Tolerance Zone Zone Tolerance center in the U.S. by dialing 811. FAX Online Mobile Statewide Coverage Penalties Civil Clause Emergency Mandatory Member Excavator Permits Issued Mandatory Premarks Response Positive Clause Dig Hand Reporting Damage DOT Homeowner Railroad Agriculture Depth Damage Design Emergency Overhead Large Projects ALABAMA / Alabama 811 / 800-292-8525 Website: al811.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N Y Y 12” Y Y Y N N 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days * Advance Notice: 2 full working days (not including day of notification) Marks Valid: 20 working days *Agricultural purposes only Law Link: al811.com/law ALASKA / Alaska Dig Line, Inc. / 800-478-3121 or 907-278-3121 Website: 811ak.com N Y Y Y Y Y N N N N Y N N N N Y N Y Y Y N Y 24”* Hours: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM, M-F/Emergency 24/7 Advance Notice: 2-10 business days based on location Marks Valid: 15-20 business days based on location *24-30” based on proposed depth of dig Law Link: 811ak.com/faq ARIZONA / Arizona 811 / 800-782-5348 or 602-263-1100 Website: arizona811.com/downloads/EXCAVATIONGUIDE_August- N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N N N Y N Y Y Y N N 24” 2017version.pdf Hours: 6:00 AM - 5:00 PM, M-F Advance Notice: 2 full working days(excludes weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 15 working days Law Link: arizona811.com/resources/ ARKANSAS / Arkansas 811 / 800-482-8998 Website: arkansas811.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N N N N N N Y Y N Y 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 to 10 working days Marks Valid: 20 working days Law Link: arkonecall.com/statelaw/statelaw.aspx CALIFORNIA USA North 811 / 800-642-2444 N Y Y N Y Y Y* Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y N Y N Y 24” Website: usanorth811.org Hours: 24 x 7 Advance Notice: 2 working days, not including the day of notification Marks Valid: 28 days Law Link: usanorth811.org (Quick Links / Law & Excavation Manual) Underground Service Alert of Southern California / 800-422-4133 N Y Y N Y Y Y* Y Y Y Y Y N Y N N N Y N Y N Y 24” Website: digalert.org Hours: 6:00 AM - 7:00 PM, M-F Advance Notice: 2 working days to 14 calendar days not including *DOT and non-pressurized sewer lines, storm drains and drain lines exempt date of notice Marks Valid: 28 days Law Link: usanorth811.org (Quick Links/Law & Excavation Manual) COLORADO / Colorado 811 / 800-922-1987 Website: co811.org • Hours: 24 hours N Y Y Y Y Y Y* N N Y N Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y N Y 18” Advance Notice: 2 days, not to include the day of notice Marks Valid: 30 days * DOT exempt Law Link: colorado811.org/one-call-legislation/ CONNECTICUT / Call Before You Dig / 800-922-4455 Website: www.cbyd.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N N Y N Y Y Y N Y 18” Hours: 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM, M-F; Emergencies 24 Hours Advance Notice: 2 full working days up to 30 calendar days (excludes weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 30 days Law Link: www.cbyd.com/resources/ct-cbyd-state-law-regulations# DELAWARE / Miss Utility of Delmarva / 800-282-8555 Website: missutilitydelmarva.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N Y N N N N Y Y N N 24” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 full business days Marks Valid: 10 working days in DE Law Link: delcode.delaware.gov/title26/c008/index.shtml FLORIDA / Sunshine 811 / 800-432-4770 Website: sunshine811.com N Y N Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N N 24” Hours: 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM, M-F Advance Notice: 2 full business days (10 if dig site is underwater) Marks Valid: 30 days Law Link: sunshine811.com/the-law
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You can reach your local One Call utility plus the width of the utility) Tolerance Zone Zone Tolerance center in the U.S. by dialing 811. FAX Online Mobile Statewide Coverage Penalties Civil Clause Emergency Mandatory Member Excavator Permits Issued Mandatory Premarks Response Positive Clause Dig Hand Reporting Damage DOT Homeowner Railroad Agriculture Depth Damage Design Emergency Overhead Large Projects GEORGIA / Georgia 811 / 800-282-7411 Website: Georgia811.com N Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y N* N N N** N Y Y Y Y Y 18” Hours: 7:00 AM - 6:00 PM, M-F • (24/7 emergency) Advance Notice: 2 business days (excluding day of call) * Routine road maintenance Marks Valid: 30 calendar days ** Farming activities Law Link: georgia811.com/index.php/laws-policies/ HAWAII / Hawaii One Call Center / 866-423-7287 / Tickets Fax: 877-695-2466 Website: callbeforeyoudig.org Y Y N Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N Y N N N Y Y Y N N 30” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 5 workings days, not to exceed 28 calendar days Marks Valid: 28 calendar days Law Link: callbeforeyoudig.org/law.htm IDAHO DIG LINE / 800-342-1585 N Y N N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y N 15” N Y 15” Y Y Y Y Y 24” Website: digline.com Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 2 business days Marks Valid: 21 Days Law Link: https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/title55/ T55CH22/ BONNER/BOUNDRY One Call / 800-626-4950 N Y N N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y N 15” N Y 15” Y Y Y Y N 24” Website: passwordinc.com Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 business days Marks Valid: 21 days Law Link: legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title55/T55CH22/ SHOSHONE/BENEWAH One Call / 800-398-3285 N Y N N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y N 15” N Y 15” Y Y Y Y N 24” Website: passwordinc.com Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 business days Marks Valid: 21 days Law Link: legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title55/T55CH22/ KOOTENAI COUNTY One Call / 800-428-4950 N Y N N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y N 15” N Y 15” Y Y Y Y N 24” Website: passwordinc.com Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 business days Marks Valid: 21 days Law Link: legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title55/T55CH22/ ILLINOIS JULIE, INC. / 800-892-0123 N Y N N Y Y Y N Y* Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y N N 18” Website: illinois1call.com • Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 48 hours notice (two business days), but no more than a 14 calendar day advance notice prior to the start of excavation. Marks Valid: 28 calendar days Law Link: illinois1call.com/lawandenforcement/ CHICAGO DIGGER / 312-744-7000 Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y* Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y N Y N N 18” Website: ipi.cityofchicago.org/Digger Hours: 6:00 AM - 10:00 PM Advance Notice: 48 hours • Marks Valid: 28 days *When possible Law Link: cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/cdot/supp_info/ chicago-underground-facilities-damage-prevention-ordinance.html INDIANA / Indiana 811 / 800-382-5544 Website: indiana811.org • Hours: 24 hours, 365 days N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y N N 24” Advance Notice: 48 hours notice (two working days), but no more than a 20-calendar day advance notice prior to the start of excavation. Marks Valid: 20 calendar days Law Link: indiana811.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/IC-8-1-26-1.pdf IOWA / Iowa One Call / 800-292-8989 Website: iowaonecall.com • Hours: 24 hours, 7 days N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N N Y* N Y Y Y N Y 18” Advance Notice: 48 hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays *Normal farm operations less than fifteen inches Marks Valid: 20 calendar days Law Link: iowaonecall.com/Default.aspx?tabid=404#iowa
50 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATIONS Know what’s below. TICKETS STATE LAWS & PROVISIONS EXEMPTIONS ACCEPTED Call before you dig.
Expand public awareness by visiting call811.com. You will ship
find a variety of downloadable elements available for use free (either side of the in your company/organization’s existing campaigns. utility plus the width of the utility) Tolerance Zone Zone Tolerance FAX Online Mobile Statewide Coverage Penalties Civil Clause Emergency Mandatory Member Excavator Permits Issued Mandatory Premarks Response Positive Clause Dig Hand Reporting Damage DOT Homeowner Railroad Agriculture Depth Damage Design Emergency Overhead Large Projects KANSAS / Kansas 811 / 800-344-7233 Website: kansas811.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y N N N Y* Y Y N N Y Y N N 24” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 full working days(not including day of notice) *Homeowner retains responsibility for any damages due to digging Marks Valid: 15 calendar days Law Link: kansasonecall.com/static/pdf/KUUDPA_04.03.2010.pdf KENTUCKY / Kentucky 811 / 800-752-6007 Website: kentucky811.org N Y N Y Y Y N N N Y Y N N N N N N Y Y Y N Y 18” Hours: 24 hours/7 days Advance Notice: 2 working days Marks Valid: 21 calendar days Law Link: kentucky811.org/the-dig-law LOUISIANA / Louisiana One Call / 800-272-3020 Website: louisiana811.com N Y Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y N Y N N N Y Y Y N N 18” Hours: 7:00 AM - 6:00 PM, Emergency Locates 24/7 Advance Notice: 2 Business Days Marks Valid: 20 Days/30 Days for Forestry Law Link: louisiana811.com/index.php/dig-law MAINE / Dig Safe System, Inc. / 888-344-7233 Website: digsafe.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y N Y N Y N Y 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 72 hours(excluding weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 60 days; must start within 30 days Law Link: http://www.digsafe.com/laws_rules.php MARYLAND / Miss Utility Call Center / 800-257-7777 Website: missutility.net N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y N N Y* N N N N Y Y N N 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 full business days Marks Valid: 12 business days *Hand-dig only.Mechanized equipment must call Law Link: missutility.net/maryland/mdstatelaw.asp Miss Utility of Delmarva (Eastern Shore) / 800-441-8355 N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y N Y N Y N N N N Y Y N N 18” Website: missutilitydelmarva.com Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 full business days Marks Valid: 12 business days Law Link: missutility.net/maryland/mdstatelaw.asp MASSACHUSETTS / Dig Safe System, Inc. / 888-344-7233 Website: digsafe.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y N Y N Y N Y 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 72 hours(excluding weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 30 days Law Link: digsafe.com/laws_rules.php MICHIGAN / Miss Dig System, Inc. / 800-482-7171 Website: missdig811.org N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y Y Y Y 18” Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 3 business days(excluding weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 3 weeks to 6 months Law Link: missdig811.org/education/public-act-174.html MINNESOTA / Gopher State One Call / 800-252-1166 or 651-454-0002 Website: gopherstateonecall.org N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N N N Y N N Y Y N Y 24” Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 48 hours(excluding weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 14 days Law Link: revisor.leg.state.mn.us/statutes/?id=216D MISSISSIPPI / Mississippi 811, Inc. / 800-227-6477 / Tickets Fax: 601-362-7533 Website: ms811.org Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N Y Y 24” 12” Y Y Y N Y 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 working days Marks Valid: 14 working days *Less than 16” Law Link: ms1call.org/One Call-law MISSOURI / Missouri One Call System / 800-344-7483 / Tickets Fax: 573-635-8402 Website: mo1call.com Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N N Y Y* N Y Y Y N N 24” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 working days, not counting day of request Marks Valid: As long as visible Law Link: mo1call.com/manual_law.php
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 51 RESOURCE DIRECTORY
NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATIONS One Call and State Law Directory TICKETS STATE LAWS & PROVISIONS EXEMPTIONS ACCEPTED Informational purposes only. Information and laws are sub-
ject to change. Consult your local One Call Center website ship for updated information. Infrastructure Resources, LLC attempted to verify all information as of publication date, (either side of the and accepts no responsibility for missing or incorrect information.
You can reach your local One Call utility plus the width of the utility) Tolerance Zone Zone Tolerance
center in the U.S. by dialing 811. FAX Online Mobile Statewide Coverage Penalties Civil Clause Emergency Mandatory Member Excavator Permits Issued Mandatory Premarks Response Positive Clause Dig Hand Reporting Damage DOT Homeowner Railroad Agriculture Depth Damage Design Emergency Overhead Large Projects MONTANA MONTANA 811 / 800-424-5555 N Y Y N Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N Y* N Y Y Y Y Y N N 18” Website: montana811.org Hours: 24 hours, 365 days Advance Notice: 2 business days *Only under certain circumstances Marks Valid: 30 days Law Link: montana811.org/montana-dig-law.html
NEBRASKA / Nebraska811 / 800-331-5666 / Tickets Fax: 800-896-0664 Website: ne1call.com Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y N N 18” Hours: 24 hours, 365 days Advance Notice: 2 to 10 business days excluding holidays and weekends Marks Valid: 17 Days Law Link: ne1call.com/ne-law-enforcement/nebraska-statutes/
NEVADA / USA North 811 / 800-642-2444 Website: www.usanorth811.org N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N N N N Y N Y N N 24” Hours: 24/7 Advance Notice: 2 working days up to 28 calendar days Marks Valid: 28 days Law Link: usanorth811.org (Quick Links/Law & Excavation Manual)
NEW HAMPSHIRE / Dig Safe System, Inc. / 888-344-7233 Website: digsafe.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y N Y N Y N Y 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 72 hours(exluding weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 30 days Law Link: digsafe.com/laws_rules.php
NEW JERSEY / New Jersey One Call / 800-272-1000 / Tickets Fax: 800-705-4559 Website: nj1-call.org Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N Y N Y Y Y N Y N N 24” Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 3 full business days Marks Valid: 45 business days Law Link: nj1-call.org/nj-law/
NEW MEXICO / New Mexico One Call, Inc. dba NM811 / 800-321-2537 / Tickets Fax: 800-727-8809 Website: nm811.org Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N N N N Y Y Y N Y 18” Hours: 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM, M-F / Emergencies & Damages: 24 hours Advance Notice: 2 working days Marks Valid: 15 Days Law Link: nm811.org/new-mexico-811-law/ NEW YORK DIG SAFELY NEW YORK / 800-962-7962 N Y N N Y Y Y N N Y Y N N N N N N Y Y Y N N 24” Website: digsafelynewyork.com Hours: 24 hours, 365 days Advance Notice: 2 to 10 working days(Excluding day of call) Marks Valid: 10 working days Law Link: digsafelynewyork.com/resources/nys-code-rule-753
NEW YORK 811 / 800-272-4480 N Y N N Y Y Y N N Y Y N N N N N N Y Y Y N N 24” Website: newyork-811.com Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 to 10 business days Marks Valid: 10 working days Law Link: newyork-811.com/excavators/code-753-at-a-glance
NORTH CAROLINA / North Carolina One Call Center, Inc. / 800-632-4949 Website: nc811.org N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N 24” Hours: 24 hours, 365 days Advance Notice: 3 full working days Marks Valid: 15 working days Law Link: nc811.org/north-carolina-law.html
52 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATIONS Know what’s below. TICKETS STATE LAWS & PROVISIONS EXEMPTIONS ACCEPTED Call before you dig.
You can also reach your local One Call Center by dialing ship
811 anywhere in the United States. This is a FREE call and a (either side of the FREE service. utility plus the width of the utility) Tolerance Zone Zone Tolerance FAX Online Mobile Statewide Coverage Penalties Civil Clause Emergency Mandatory Member Excavator Permits Issued Mandatory Premarks Response Positive Clause Dig Hand Reporting Damage DOT Homeowner Railroad Agriculture Depth Damage Design Emergency Overhead Large Projects NORTH DAKOTA / North Dakota One Call / 800-795-0555 Website: ndonecall.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N N N Y N N Y Y N N 24” Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 2 Full Business Days Marks Valid: 21 calendar days Law Link: legis.nd.gov/cencode/t49c23.pdf?20130530105605 OHIO OHIO811 / 800-362-2764 N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N N N Y N Y Y Y N Y 18” Website: OHIO811.org Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice 48 hours but not more than 10 working days Marks Valid: As long as visible and work begins within 10 days of original ticket Law Link: oups.org/law OKLAHOMA / Okie811 / 800-522-6543 Website: okie811.org N Y Y Y N Y Y N N Y Y Y Y N N N N Y Y Y N Y 24” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 48 hours excluding date of notification, weekends and legal holidays Marks Valid: 10 business days Law Link: okie811.org/thelaw OREGON / Oregon Utility Notification Center / 800-332-2344 / Tickets Fax: 503-293-0826 Website: digsafelyoregon.com Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N 12” N Y N N Y Y N N 24” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 Full Business Days Marks Valid: Marks Valid; 45 days Law Link: digsafelyoregon.com/faqs/ounc_ors_oar.htm PENNSYLVANIA / Pennsylvania One Call System, Inc. / 800-242-1776 Website: paonecall.org N Y Y Y Y Y Y** N Y Y Y Y N* N N Y N Y Y Y N Y*** 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days * PennDot minor routine maintenance exempt if without 24” depth from highest spot in ROW Advance Notice: 3 to 10 business days (construction), 10-90 days (design), * Municipal Roads - minor routine maintenance if within 18” depth from highest point in ROW at least 10 days (large projects) ** Exemptions include PennDOT within state road DOT, Stripper Well Lines in Class 1 areas Marks Valid: as long as equipment is on site *** Large projects accepted online only Law Link: paonecall.org/palaw RHODE ISLAND / Dig Safe System, Inc. / 888-344-7233 Website: digsafe.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N N N Y N Y N Y N Y 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days * Mandatory when excavation site can’t be clearly or adequately identified Advance Notice: 72 hours(exluding weekends and holidays) **Damages must be reported to the facility operator, if known, as well as the One Call Center. Marks Valid: Must start within 30 days, as long as marks maintained ***Exemptions for agricultural tilling or plowing less than 12”; homeowners have a 10” non-mechanized depth exception provided the ROW/ Law Link: digsafe.com/laws_rules.php Easement not encroached. SCDOT exception for specific work activities only. SOUTH CAROLINA / South Carolina 811 / 888-721-7877 Website: sc811.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y* Y Y Y** Y*** Y*** N Y*** N Y Y Y N N 24” Hours: 7:30 AM - 5:30 PM, M-F Advance Notice: 3 to 12 full working days notice(10-20 full working * Damage reporting required. All damage must be reported to the facility operator, or if the operator is unknown, to South Dakota 811 Center. days notice subaqueous) ** For agricultural tilling and road and ditch maintenance to a depth of 18” only; homeowners have a 12” depth exception for tilling of soil Marks Valid: 15 working days and gardening Law Link: sc811.com/SCStateLaw.aspx SOUTH DAKOTA / South Dakota 811 Center / 800-781-7474 Website: SD811.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y Y* N N N N N** Y Y Y N Y 18” Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 48 hours(excluding weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 21 working days from start date and time on ticket Law Link: sdonecall.com/law.asp TENNESSEE / Tennessee 811 / 800-351-1111 / Tickets Fax: 615-367-4469 Website: tn811.com • Hours: 24 hours Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y N Y N N N Y Y N N 24” Advance Notice: Not less than 3 working days, not more than 10 working days Marks Valid: 15 calendar days Law Link: tn.gov/content/dam/tn/publicutility/documents/uudeb/65- 31-101etseq10-28-2016.pdf
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 53 RESOURCE DIRECTORY
NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATIONS One Call and State Law Directory TICKETS STATE LAWS & PROVISIONS EXEMPTIONS ACCEPTED HELP US STAY UP TO DATE. Directory information is also available online at dp-pro.com. ship Report any updates to this directory by calling 866-279-7755. (either side of the
You can reach your local One Call utility plus the width of the utility) center in the U.S. by dialing 811. Zone Tolerance FAX Online Mobile Statewide Coverage Penalties Civil Clause Emergency Mandatory Member Excavator Permits Issued Mandatory Premarks Response Positive Clause Dig Hand Reporting Damage DOT Homeowner Railroad Agriculture Depth Damage Design Emergency Overhead Large Projects
TEXAS 811 / 800-344-8377 Website: texas811.org N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y N Y Y 16” Y Y Y N N 18” Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 48 hours (excluding weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 14 working days Law Links: statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/UT/htm/UT.251.htm UTAH / Blue Stakes of Utah 811 / 800-662-4111 Website: bluestakes.org N Y Y Y Y N Y N N Y Y N N N N N N N N Y N N 24” Hours: 7:00 AM - 5:00 PM, M-F Advance Notice: 2 business days, 48 hours notice *Agriculture exemption less than 16” Marks Valid: 14 calendar day Law Link: le.utah.gov/xcode/Title54/Chapter8A/54-8a.html VERMONT / Dig Safe System, Inc. / 888-344-7233 Website: digsafe.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y N N N Y N Y N Y N Y 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 48 hours(excluding weekends and holidays) Marks Valid: 30 days Law Link: digsafe.com/laws_rules.php VIRGINIA / Virginia 811 / 800-552-7001 Website: va811.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y 24” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 working days(excluding day of call) Marks Valid: 15 working days Law Link: va811.com/laws-and-regulation WASHINGTON / 800-424-5555 / TICKETS FAX: 503-293-0826 Utilities Underground Location Center (UULC/WA811) N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y N Y 25” Website: washington811.com Northwest Utility Notification Center (NUNC) Website: callbeforeyoudig.org Inland Empire Utility Coordinating Council (IEUCC) Website: ieucc811.org Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 48 hours Advance Notice: 48 Hours Marks Valid: 45 days Law Link: washington811.com/wa-dig-law-rcw-19-122/ WASHINGTON D.C. / District One Call / 800-257-7777 Website: missutility.net N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y N N N N N N N N Y N N 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 2 business day Marks Valid: 15 business days Law Link: apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=19.122&full=true WEST VIRGINIA / West Virginia 811 / 800-245-4848 Website: wv811.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N N N Y N Y Y Y N N 24” Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 2 days but not more than 10 Marks Valid: 10 days Law Link: wv811.com/one-call-law WISCONSIN / Diggers Hotline / 800-242-8511 Website: diggershotline.com N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y N N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y 18” Hours: 24 hours, 7 days Advance Notice: 3 working days Marks Valid: For duration of work if marks remain visible and work is continuous Law Link: docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/182/0175
54 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATIONS Know what’s below. TICKETS STATE LAWS & PROVISIONS EXEMPTIONS ACCEPTED Call before you dig.
Expand public awareness by visiting call811.com. You will ship
find a variety of downloadable elements available for use free (either side of the in your company/organization’s existing campaigns. utility plus the width of the utility) Tolerance Zone Zone Tolerance FAX Online Mobile Statewide Coverage Penalties Civil Clause Emergency Mandatory Member Excavator Permits Issued Mandatory Premarks Response Positive Clause Dig Hand Reporting Damage DOT Homeowner Railroad Agriculture Depth Damage Design Emergency Overhead Large Projects
WYOMING / One Call of Wyoming / 800-849-2476 / Tickets Fax: 800-217-3719 Website: onecallofwyoming.com N Y N Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N N Y N Y Y Y N N 24” Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 2 full business days Marks Valid: 14 business days Law Link: onecallofwyoming.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2019/08/2019_Wyoming_Law.pdf
GULFSAFE / Covers state and federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico, the Florida Straits and Atlantic Coast / 888-910-4853 (GULF) Website: gulfsafe.org N Y N N N N N Y N N N N Y N/A N/A N/A N/A Y Y Y N/A N N/A Hours: 24 hours Advance Notice: 7 working days Marks Valid: Not Applicable Law Link: Not Applicable
NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATIONS Canadian One Call TICKETS PROVINCIAL LAWS & PROVISIONS EXEMPTIONS ACCEPTED
and Provincial Law Directory ship (either side of the utility plus the width of the utility) Tolerance Zone Zone Tolerance FAX Online Mobile Statewide Coverage Penalties Civil Clause Emergency Mandatory Member Excavator Permits Issued Mandatory Premarks Response Positive Clause Dig Hand Reporting Damage DOT Homeowner Railroad Agriculture Depth Damage Design Emergency Overhead Large Projects
ALBERTA / Alberta One Call Corporation / 800-242-3447 Website: albertaonecall.com N Y Y Y N N N N N Y Y Y N N N N * Y Y Y N Y 1m Hours: 8:00 AM-4:00 PM, M-F (Emergency: 24/7) (39”) Advance Notice: 3 full working days * 300 mm (12”) hand tools only Marks Valid: 14 days(extendable to 30 if certain conditions are met) BRITISH COLUMBIA / BC One Call / 800-474-6886 / Tickets Fax: 604-451-0344 Website: bconecall.bc.ca Y Y N Y N Y N N N Y N N N N N N N Y Y Y N N VARIES Hours: 24 hours / 7 days Advance Notice: 3 working days excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays Marks Valid: 30 calendar days MANITOBA / Click Before You Dig Manitoba / 800-940-3447 Website: ClickBeforeYouDigMB.com N Y Y Y N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N Y N Y N Y VARIES Hours: 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM Advance Notice: 3 full working days excluding weekends and holidays Marks Valid: Determined by member ONTARIO / Ontario One Call / 800-400-2255 Website: OntarioOneCall.ca N Y N Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y N N N N N Y Y Y N Y VARIES Hours: 24 hours, 365 days Advance Notice: 5 working days Marks Valid: Determined by Member QUEBEC / Info-Excavation / 800-663-9228 Website: info-ex.com N Y Y Y N Y N N N Y N Y N N N N N Y Y Y Y Y 1m Hours: 24 hours/7 days (39”) Advance Notice: 72 hours (3 working days) Marks Valid: Maximum 180 days SASKATCHEWAN / Sask 1st Call / 866-828-4888 Website: sask1stcall.com N Y Y Y N N N N N Y N N N N N N N Y Y Y N Y VARIES Hours: December-March 8:00 AM - 4:30 PM, M-F (Emergency 24/7) Advance Notice: 3 full working days Marks Valid: 10 working days
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 55 RESOURCE DIRECTORY
Industry Publications
811 Magazines Editorial content specifically targets equipment considered to be Now published in 9 states and growing. It is “tool carriers,” with the ability to wield an assortment of attach- not just printing the dig safely message that ments – both PTO and hydraulically driven – from skid steers to gets the job done. It’s about connecting with mini excavators. the right people. Working with the One Call systems in each state, we reach the people you’re looking to reach. Construction Ask us how we do it! Equipment Guide American Gas Founded in 1958, Magazine Construction Equipment Guide (CEG) is a national publication and provides natural gas industry professionals with the information they website that provides industry news; articles on construction equip- need to enhance their effectiveness and that of their companies by ment, projects and legislation; auction coverage; business profiles and publishing leading-edge reports on the industry and on American events and more. CEG’s biweekly newspapers consist of four regional Gas Association activities that offer value to its members. editions — Northeast, Southeast, Midwest and Western, including state edition supplements. Australia HeavyQuip journal dp-PRO TM covers the latest industry Published quarterly, dp-PRO news, product information, reaches over 70,000 readers and new equipment ma- each issue in print and digital for- chinery for the construction, mats. With a different technology roadbuilding, mining, and farming markets in Australia. The dedicated and industry spotlight focus in each issue, we keep our finger on the monthly newsletter provides comprehensive coverage on the biggest pulse of the industry through relevant and through-provoking articles machinery topics in construction while offering informative and in- and features written by industry professionals. depth features that engage and educate operators and owners. HeavyQuip Magazine Broadband is the fully digital magazine Communities for heavy-duty equipment and is the leading source of machinery specific for the in-depth news, expert EMEA market as insiders in insights and practical Construction, heavy-duty equipment, agricultural machinery, attach- know-how on the techni- ments, and implements. HeavyQuip Magazine is the online resource cal, business, financial and legal aspects of outfitting properties for newly released equipment and technologies. and communities with high-speed broadband solutions. For more information or to subscribe to this free publication, visit ISE (ICT Solutions & Education) www.bbcmag.com. Connects network evolution professionals with in- novative solutions and concise education across the CoatingsPro rapidly changing ICT landscape. As the lines sepa- Published bimonthly, rating telephone, Internet and television companies ICT SOLUTIONS & EDUCATION CoatingsPro is the continue to blur, ISE is the resource telecom provid- high-performance coatings industry’s leading magazine for up- ers have trusted for over 30 years. www.isemag.com to-date information on products, services, tips, and techniques. Featuring industry news and case studies to provide practical Materials and cost-effective solutions to its 27,000+ readers, the magazine Performance reaches contractors, applicators, specifiers, engineers, and facil- Published monthly, Materials ity managers in 16 unique market segments of the commercial Performance (MP) is the and industrial coatings industry. world’s largest circulation journal dedicated exclusively to corrosion prevention and control. Through technical articles, features, case Compact studies, technical and industry news, and NACE association news, Equipment Materials Performance covers the latest technologies and news on focuses on small and TM coatings and linings, cathodic protection, materials selection and de- versatile construction equipment, used in markets as diverse sign, and chemical treatment. as construction, landscaping, agriculture and private sectors.
56 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Industry Publications
Trenchless The Locator Today TRENCHLESS is an annual publi- The North FOR GAS INFRASTRUCTURE cation focused on American CAPULC initiatives, industry best practices, new legislation and dam- Society for Trenchless Technology’s membership publication, NASTT’s age prevention related topics. This magazine is the first publication Trenchless Today, is published for NASTT members and trenchless in Canada geared towards line locating and ground disturbance. industry professionals. The three issues published each year include NASTT and trenchless industry news, member spotlights, Q&As, tech- Trenchless nical papers and information on upcoming educational events. It also Technology highlights outstanding industry leaders including NASTT’s Hall of Fame is the worldwide and inductees and everything you need to know about NASTT’s annual No- premier communications R Dig Show. For more on NASTT, visit nastt.org. vehicle for the promotion and development of the trenchless technology industry. Now entering North American its third decade of existence, the magazine’s expanded editorial cal- Oil & Gas endar provides cutting-edge information on the hottest areas of the Pipelines underground construction market. is the premier publication covering the business of oil and gas pipeline construction in North USA HeavyQuip America, from the shale deposits to the oil sands, and all places in Journal between. Editorial content includes the latest news on market develop- The digital magazine for ments that are shaping the industry, the most efficient methods of heavy-duty equipment and pipeline construction and maintenance and managerial strategies that machinery specific for the enhance your company’s bottom line. US OTR machinery market. It’s the digital magazine where you can find industry news, the lat- Opflow est in new product introductions, and a comprehensive directory of presents new and estab- manufacturer. lished technologies and ideas that readers can Utility Contractor apply to water treatment and distribution, as well as wastewater is the official magazine of the National operations. Utility Contractors Association (NUCA), the largest trade association working South African Heavy solely for the excavation and under- Equipment Magazine ground utility construction industry. Utility Contractor presents the is the digital magazine focused latest and most current information affecting every aspect of the in- on Construction, Mining, and dustry, including technological advancements, safety issues, important Farming equipment and machin- legislative developments and instructional advice and more. ESG ery for South Africa and English speaking African. The magazine always updated with news enhanced by outstanding photographic, audio, and video content.
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 57 Saving Lives through Education for 19 Years
Damage Prevention & Excavation Safety on a Global Scale Featuring unrivaled education and networking opportunities, the 2022 Excavation Safety Conference returns LIVE to Phoenix for the industry's biggest damage prevention event! Benefits of attending: • 80+ education sessions across all • Join in daily networking activities stakeholder groups • Act as an advocate for your entire • Engage in peer-to-peer exchanges work group by bringing what during sessions you’ve learned back to the office • Participate in panel discussions • Over 100 exhibitors make this a one- and industry summits stop- shop to learn about advancing • Expand your areas of expertise by technologies and tools that are attending a session on a new topic redefining the industry
“This conference is awesome guys! If you are in this industry, either utility, locator, or excavator and you are not here, then you are in the wrong place.” - Jimmy Jennings – One Call Concepts, Inc. – 7 time attendee GlobalExcavationSafetyConference.com Sign up for event updates Submit session ideas Become an exhibitor or sponsor
Owned & Produced by March 1-3, 2022 | Phoenix, Arizona Saving Lives through Education PENNSYLVANIA 811 Saving Lives through Education for 19 Years Users Guide- continued from page XVI help them to safely mitigate the situation. The to notifications received from the excavator but, eventually, they will become permanent requirement to notify 911 is mandated by the when facility owners cannot accurately locate regulations. The PUC has the power to amend Act and by the Federal Pipeline Safety Act. or identify all lines. When not resolved in the the regulations, as well. design phase, and an excavator must ascer- ANNUAL FEE tain the location or lines, including unclaimed Alleged Violations The Act requires excavators to make a locate re- or abandoned lines, as outlined in the Act in All Alleged Violation Reports are to be sub- quest to the One Call System prior to excavation Section 5, clause (15), the excavator is entitled mitted via the POCS website under the or demolition work and to pay the applicable fee to compensation from the project owner as Enforcement section. for the request. The fee is billed on the date of outlined in said clause. The project owner has Excavators, designers, project owners, and the first Locate request placed each calendar year. responsibility to respond to such notifications, facility owners shall submit an alleged violation and to compensate the excavator for such work. report to the commission through the One Call Alleged Violations of the Law By choosing and utilizing the highest level of System for instances when a person by action or Excavators are required to submit a report of an SUE, Level A, in the Design Phase, this poten- inaction fails to fulfill the obligation of the Act. alleged violation. Please review Section X for tial is minimized. (Refer to Section III of this The report of alleged violation shall be in a form the specifics regarding reporting of alleged viola- User Guide, Type of Calls, #1 for information and manner as required by the commission. An tions of Act 287 of 1974 as amended. on Preliminary and Final Design notifications.) Alleged Violation Report (AVR) is submitted from Project Owners are required to participate the POCS website under the Enforcement section. SECTION IX - in design and complex project preconstruction RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE meetings and shall encourage such meetings, as • Facility Owner - Submit a report of al- PROJECT OWNER appropriate, for work they put forth that is larger leged violation not more than thirty business Damage Prevention & Excavation Safety on a Global Scale than the maximum area that a routine Locate re- days after receipt of notice that the facility It is the Project Owner who is in the best po- quest may cover to provide for a mark out plan owner’s lines have been damaged by excava- sition to influence damage prevention mea- with existing facility owners that can be main- tion or demolition work or if the facility owner Featuring unrivaled education and networking opportunities, the 2022 Excavation sures applied in the design and preconstruction tained and help keep the project on track. believes a violation of this act has been com- Safety Conference returns LIVE to Phoenix for the industry's biggest damage prevention event! phases, as well as once excavation begins, as they mitted in association with excavation or de- control the finances, scope of project, and terms Alleged Violations of the Law molition work. No report may be required in the contract. Project Owners are required to submit a report where the cost to repair the damage to the fa- Benefits of attending: This section of the Users Guide recognizes of an alleged violation. Please review Section X cility owner’s lines is less than two thousand the value of communication between all par- for the specifics regarding reporting of alleged five hundred dollars ($2,500), unless the same • 80+ education sessions across all • Join in daily networking activities ties to the Act. To that end POCS has launched violations of Act 287 of 1974 as amended. person damaged the facility owner’s lines two CoordinatePA, a planning tool intended to pro- or more times within a six-month period. stakeholder groups • Act as an advocate for your entire mote collaboration, cooperation, coordination and SECTION X - • Engage in peer-to-peer exchanges work group by bringing what communication among all stakeholders. It is a tool ENFORCEMENT AND REPORTING • Designer - Submit a report of alleged viola- during sessions you’ve learned back to the office that requires participation by Project Owners or ALLEGED VIOLATIONS tion not more than thirty business days from the their designees to populate future projects to be time the designer becomes aware that a violation • Participate in panel discussions • Over 100 exhibitors make this a one- successful at improving project quality, eliminating The UULPL assigns enforcement authority to of this act may have been committed in associa- and industry summits stop- shop to learn about advancing potential conflicts in advance of construction, and the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission tion with excavation or demolition work. reducing damages to existing infrastructure. (PUC) and established a Damage Prevention • Expand your areas of expertise by technologies and tools that are It is the duty of project owners to utilize and Committee (DPC). The DPC has the author- • Excavator - Submit a report of an alleged attending a session on a new topic redefining the industry pay for Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE) in ity to review reports of alleged violations, issue violation not more than ten business days af- accordance with the Act. It is the project owner warning letters, issue informal determinations ter striking or damaging a facility owner’s line who initiates design projects that will require that impose administrative penalties, and re- during excavation or demolition or if the exca- “This conference is awesome guys! If you are in this industry, either utility, locator, excavation or demolition and they are its princi- quire persons to attend a damage prevention vator believes a violation of this act has been pal beneficiary. The use of SUE or other simi- educational program. Affected parties have var- committed in association with excavation or or excavator and you are not here, then you are in the wrong place.” lar techniques is required on large or complex ious rights regarding informal determinations, demolition work. projects costing $400,000 or more. SUE pro- including the right to be heard, and the right to - Jimmy Jennings – One Call Concepts, Inc. – 7 time attendee vides a way to accurately identify the quality of appeal administrative penalties; however, most • Project Owner - Submit a report of alleged subsurface utility information. The highest level cases are likely to be resolved at this level. violation not more than ten business days af- of SUE, Level A, provides precise location in- The DPC appointed by the PUC, consists of ter striking or damaging a facility owner’s line formation permitting the designer to avoid con- members of various stakeholder groups, as well during excavation or demolition work activi- GlobalExcavationSafetyConference.com flicts with underground facilities where possible. as the PUC, the Department of Transportation, ties, after a project owner’s contracted excavator Project Owners must furnish the pertinent and Pennsylvania One Call System, with the strikes or damages a facility owner’s line dur- data obtained through subsurface utility engi- PUC representative serving as the chairman. ing excavation or demolition activities or if the Sign up for event updates neering to the One Call System in a mutually (See Section 7.8 of the UULPL.) project owner believes a violation of this act has agreeable format. The PUC also has the right, in appropriate been committed in association with excavation Submit session ideas Project Owners must not release to bid or cases, to file criminal and civil complaints against or demolition. construction any project until after final design violators. Such action is more likely to occur where When notified of an alleged violation, the Become an exhibitor or sponsor is completed. there is death, personal injury, or significant prop- stakeholder should fully investigate circum- For new construction and where practicable erty damage, or in the case of repeat offenders. stances involved with alleged violation. in the opinion of the project owner, color-coded The PUC has established a full-time en- Designate one person from your organiza- Owned & Produced by permanent markers must be installed to indicate forcement staff specifically for the UULPL. In tion as a “contact person” to administer these the type and location of all laterals installed by addition, the PUC will issue regulations that de- alleged violation reports. the project owner. These markers will assist in scribe how both enforcement and the DPC will Pennsylvania One Call System is not re- March 1-3, 2022 | Phoenix, Arizona locating efforts in the future. operate, consistent with the UULPL. Initially, sponsible for the issuance of citations or enforce- Saving Lives through Education Project owners are obligated to timely respond these will be temporary or interim regulations, ment under this statute.
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Alternate Dispute Resolution select “Create Account” in the black bar at the design files to facility owners that request them, Pennsylvania One Call System has the author- top of the homepage. The following information, the designer can upload an electronic file for the ity under the statute to create and administer a at a minimum, is needed to create a user account: facility owner to electronically mark and elec- voluntary payment dispute resolution process for • First and Last Name; tronically return to the designer. all parties involved with the statute. This pro- • Company; cess may not be used to settle or resolve alleged • Email address; Excavator/Designer Web Access. This applica- violations of the law. • Street Address; tion for excavators and designers facilitates view- • City, State, Postal Code; ing the ticket database from the excavator or SECTION XI - • Desired user name and designer perspective. The excavator or designer TAMPERING WITH MARKS • Password. can query the database for their tickets within a specified date range and filter on a variety of Under the law owners of underground facilities Other information (such as title, company ticket attributes such as ticket action type, ticket such as pipe lines, electric, communication and name, telephone number) is helpful to POCS county or ticket municipality. other types of lines are required to place physi- but not required to create an account. cal marks on the surface of the ground within When the form is completed, click the Facility Owner Billing. This application for 18” of the actual underground position of the
XVIII EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Web Ticket Response. This application is H. Easement (not pictured) – A right to use or con- right-of-way lines. Another name for these lines an online or mobile application that records trol the property of another for designated purposes. is front property lines. ticket responses from facility owners. The facility owner logs in to the system and can I. Frontage Road (access road - not pictured) S. Road (not pictured) – Highway in rural view a color coded list of tickets, including – A local street or road auxiliary to and located area. tickets that need a
C. Culvert (not pictured) – Any pipe or struc- ture under a roadway or driveway to facilitate Appendix B drainage of surface water. The KARL System (Kathy Automated Response to Location D. Curb Lane(s) – Traffic or parking lane -im requests) mediately adjacent to the curb. M. Lot Line – A line marking the legal limits of Overview E. Curb to Curb – The paved area of a road an individual’s property. right of way between the two curb lines. Pennsylvania One Call System, Inc. (POCS) has N. Lot Line to Lot Line – The area between created a voice relay and response solution that F. Curb to Property Line – The area between the two side lot lines on private property and the automates the call out process to facility owner the curb and the front property line. entire road right of way (See R.) members requesting supplemental voice relay of information on emergency notifications; allows G. Curb Line – The point where the curb O. Median – The portion of a divided highway facility owner members to respond to all notifica- meets the edge of the street pavement. separating the traveled ways for traffic in oppo- tions; faxes or emails excavators/designers with the site directions. collected responses; and allows excavators/design- ers to retrieve information about their responses. P. Property Line – See Lot Line (M). When an excavator/designer calls into the system a customer service representative (CSR) Q. Rear Lot Line(s) – Property lot line at the will enter the ticket information into the POCS rear of the lot (area opposite street that connects computer system as a Locate request (WLR). the two side lot lines). Excavators and designers who have registered with POCS may also create their own WLRs R. Right of Way – Dedicated street areas utilizing Web Ticket Entry. Each WLR is bounded by two generally parallel lines called assigned a unique serial number. Based on
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information within the ticket the computer sys- at the site and will contact excavator directly at the LINES WILL BE MARKED BY:
XX EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 092 REQUESTS MEETING, DIRECT If you choose to enter your alphabetic re- you are. Press or say 1 for excavator, press CONTACT TO FOLLOW BY FACILITY sponse by using the telephone keypad you must or say 2 for facility owner, press or say 3 for OWNER translate the letters into numbers. To translate homeowner. To speak with a customer service • The Facility Owner is designating the work letters into numbers for entry into KARL, look representative, press or say 0.” as complex for their company. The Facility at the letter on the telephone keypad and the let- Owner will contact the excavator. DO NOT ter’s position on the key. For the letter Q enter Action required: PRESS or SAY 2 DIG until the facility owner and excavator agree 11 and for the letter Z enter 12. KARL will say: ”Please enter your CDC code. on a mark out schedule. For example, if your initials are SAM, you Press or say 7 for help on how to enter your cdc • Excavators are required by law to conduct a would enter the number 7 matching the key code numerically.” meeting with any Facility Owner that requests it. where the S is found, followed by the position of • This is considered an interim response un- the letter S which is 3. The numeric representa- Action required: Enter your two or three digit cdc. der the law and should be updated with a Clear tion for the letter S would be 73. The A would KARL will say: “CDC
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meeting, and will make direct contact with the KARL will say: “Please enter or say your com- Action required: Answer the telephone excavator, press or say 92. pany’s 10-digit phone number.” KARL will say: “Hello, this is the Pennsylvania – If you did not attend the meeting due to an One Call. We have an emergency location re- unforeseen circumstance, and will make direct Action required: Enter or say the phone number quest for you. Press or say one to continue.” contact with the excavator, press or say 95. used when the dig notice was created. – If you agree that no meeting is required, KARL will compare the phone number entered Action required: PRESS or say 1 press or say 96. against the phone number associated with the KARL will say: “Please enter or say your com- – If you attended the meeting, reached agree- serial number. If they match, KARL will speak pany’s ten-digit phone number.” ment, and plan to follow the locate schedule, the phone number and company name. press or say 99.” KARL will say: “If this is correct, press or say 1, Action required: Enter the telephone number If this is not correct, press or say 2. To speak to designated for emergency notifications, which Action required: PRESS or SAY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, a customer service representative press or say 0.” is the telephone number KARL dialed. 7, 82, 83, 90, 91, 92, 95, 96, or 99. KARL will say: “Please enter or say your ini- KARL will say: Action required: PRESS or SAY 1. tials. Press or say 7 for help on how to enter – If 1: “You selected, clear, no facilities.” KARL will say: Please enter or say your initials. your initials numerically. – If 2: “You selected, conflict, lines nearby di- Press or say 7 for help on how to enter your rect contact to follow by facility owner.” initials numerically. Action required: Enter or say at least two – If 3: “You selected, field marked.” initials (4 numbers). KARL will accept three – If 4: “You selected, insufficient information, Action required: Enter or say at least two initials (6 numbers). do not dig.” initials (4 numbers). KARL will accept three KARL will say: “The initials you have entered – If 5: “You selected, not marked due to no initials (6 numbers). are
XXII EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Inc. The purpose of this reprinting is to provide “Chairman” means the Chairman of the promulgated under the act of May 31, 1945 those affected with a complete copy of the ACT. Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission. (P.L.1198, No.418), known as the Surface www.paonecall.org/userguide “Commission” means the Pennsylvania Mining Conservation and Reclamation Act, http://commongroundalliance.com/programs/ Public Utility Commission. the act of April 27, 1966 (1st Sp.Sess., P.L.31, best-practices “Committee” means the damage preven- No.1), known as The Bituminous Mine tion committee established under section 7.8. Subsidence and Land Conservation Act, or the Note: Changes are shown in bold italics. “Common Ground Alliance best practices” act of September 24, 1968 (P.L.1040, No.318), Notes in red are POCS clarifications. means the damage prevention industry rec- known as the Coal Refuse Disposal Control ommended standards issued by the Common Act, that relate to the protection of utility fa- AN ACT Ground Alliance, a not-for-profit corporation cilities or the direct operations on a well pad Amending the act of December 10, 1974 (P.L.852, created pursuant to the issuance of the United following construction of the well pad and that No.287), entitled, “An act to protect the public States Department of Transportation’s Common are necessary or operations incidental to the health and safety by preventing excavation or demo- Ground Task Force report in 1999. extraction of oil or natural gas. lition work from damaging underground lines used “Complex project” means an excavation that “Excavator” means any person who or which in providing electricity, communication, gas, pro- involves more work than properly can be described performs excavation or demolition work for pane, oil delivery, oil product delivery, sewage, water in a single locate request or any project designated himself or for another person. or other service; imposing duties upon the providers as such by the excavator or facility owner as a con- “Facility owner” means the public utility or of such service, recorders of deeds, and persons and sequence of its complexity or its potential to cause agency, political subdivision, municipality, author- other entities preparing drawings or performing ex- significant disruption to lines or facilities and the ity, rural electric cooperative or other person or en- cavation or demolition work; and prescribing penal- public, including excavations that require schedul- tity who or which owns or operates a line. The term ties,” further providing for title and for definitions; ing locates over an extended time frame. does not include the Department of Transportation providing for lawful start date; further providing for “Consumer Price Index” means the index of within a State highway right-of-way. The term does duties of facility owners, for duties of the One Call consumer prices developed and updated by the not include any of the following: System, for duties of other parties, for duties of ex- Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States (1) A person serving the person’s own prop- cavators, for duties of designers, for duties of project Department of Labor. erty through the person’s own line, if the person owners, for audits and for penalties; providing for “Conventional oil and gas well” means does not provide service to any other customer. enforcement, for damage prevention committee and a conventional oil and gas well as defined in (2) A person using a line which the person for compliance; and further providing for One Call section 2 of the act of June 23, 2016 (P.L.375, does not own or operate, if the use of the line System authority and for expiration. No.52), known as the Pennsylvania Grade does not serve more than a single property. Crude Development Act. “Federal pipeline safety laws” means the The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of “Demolition work” means the partial or provisions of 49 U.S.C. Ch. 601 (relating to Pennsylvania hereby enacts as follows: complete destruction of a structure, by any safety), including the regulations promul- means, served by or adjacent to a line or lines. gated under 49 U.S.C. Ch. 601. SECTION 1. “Designer” means any architect, engineer or “Final design” means the engineering and The title and section 1 of the act of December other person who or which prepares a drawing construction drawings that are provided to a bid- 10, 1974 (P.L.852, No.287), referred to as the for a construction or other project which requires der or other person who is asked to initiate con- Underground Utility Line Protection Law, are excavation or demolition work as herein defined. struction on the bid date or the date the project is amended to read: “Emergency” means a sudden or unforeseen set for construction in the absence of a bid. occurrence involving a clear and immediate “Fiscal year” means the fiscal year uti- AN ACT danger to life, property and the environment, lized by the commission. To protect the public health and safety by pre- including, but not limited to, serious breaks or “Horizontal directional drilling” means venting excavation or demolition work from defects in a facility owner’s lines. the use of horizontal boring devices that can be damaging underground lines used in providing “Excavation work” means the use of pow- guided between a launch point and a reception electricity, communication, gas, propane, oil ered equipment or explosives in the movement of point beneath the earth’s surface. delivery, oil product delivery, sewage, water or earth, rock or other material, and includes, but “Injury” means a bodily harm to a per- other service; imposing duties upon the provid- is not limited to, anchoring, augering, backfill- son, who, as a result of the bodily harm, im- ers of such service and persons and other entities ing, blasting, boring, digging, ditching, drilling, mediately receives medical attention away preparing drawings or performing excavation or driving-in, grading, plowing-in, pulling-in, rip- from the scene of the incident. demolition work; and prescribing penalties. ping, scraping, trenching and tunneling. The “Lawful start date” means the scheduled term does not include soft excavation technology start date as provided under section 1.1. TERMS TO BE USED IN THIS ACT such as vacuum, high pressure air or water, tilling “Line” or “facility” means an underground - DEFINITIONS of soil for agricultural purposes to a depth of less conductor or underground pipe or structure Section 1. The following words and phrases than eighteen inches, performing minor routine used in providing electric or communication when used in this act shall have the meanings maintenance up to a depth of less than eighteen service, or an underground pipe used in carry- given to them in this section unless the context inches measured from the top of the edge of the ing, gathering, transporting or providing natu- clearly indicates otherwise: cartway or the top of the outer edge of an im- ral or artificial gas, petroleum, propane, oil or “Abandoned” means no longer in service proved shoulder, in addition to the performance petroleum and production product, sewage, and physically disconnected from a line. of incidental de minimis excavation associated water or other service to one or more transpor- “Alleged violation” means an instance with the routine maintenance and the removal tation carriers, consumers or customers of such when a person by action or inaction fails to of sediment buildup, within the right-of-way of service and the appurtenances thereto, regard- fulfill the obligations of this act. public roads or work up to a depth of twenty- less of whether such line or structure is located “Business day” means any day except a four inches beneath the existing surface within on land owned by a person or public agency Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday prescribed by the right-of-way of a State highway, work per- or whether it is located within an easement or statute. A business day begins at 12:00:00 a.m. formed by persons whose activities must com- right-of-way. The term shall include unexposed and ends at 11:59:59 p.m. ply with the requirements of and regulations storm drainage and traffic loops that are not
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clearly visible. The term shall include uncon- demolition work. pole numbers, landmarks, including trees, ventional oil and gas well production and “Report of alleged violation” means a re- fountains, fences, railroads, highway and gathering lines or facilities. The term shall not corded account of an alleged violation. pipeline markers, and latitude and longitude. include stripper well lines unless the line or fa- “Stripper well” means a conventional oil SECTION 2. The act is amended by adding cility is a regulated onshore gathering line as de- and gas well with a maximum daily average a section to read: fined in regulations promulgated after January production which does not exceed fifteen bar- SECTION 1.1. The lawful start date shall 1, 2006, by the United States Department of rels of oil and ninety thousand cubic feet of be three business days through ten business days Transportation pursuant to the Pipeline Safety natural gas during any twelve-month consec- following notification to the One Call System. Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-508, 49 U.S.C. § utive time period. SECTION 3. Sections 2, 3, 3.1, 4, 5, 6.1 60101 et seq.), if the regulated gathering line is “Stripper well lines” means a production and 7 of the act are amended to read: subject to the damage prevention program re- or gathering line or facility that has a nomi- quirements of 49 CFR § 192.614. nal inside diameter of eight inches or less, RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE “Locate request” means a communication be- only carries oil or natural gas produced ex- FACILITY OWNER tween an excavator or designer and the One Call clusively from one or more stripper wells and System in which a request for locating facilities is is not regulated under the Federal pipeline Caution Some “Class 1” (RURAL) Stripper processed. Locate requests submitted by an ex- safety laws and subject to the pipeline dam- Well Gas & Oil Lines 8” or less are still ex- cavator performing work within the right-of-way age prevention requirements in 49 C.F.R. § empt from Mandatory Participation along of any State highway, either under contract to 192.614 (relating to damage prevention pro- with PENNDOT in their Right of Way. the Department of Transportation or under au- gram) or 49 C.F.R. § 195.442 (relating to thority of a permit issued by the Department of damage prevention program). SECTION 2. Transportation, shall include the number of the “Subsurface utility engineering” or “SUE” It shall be the duty of each facility owner: Department of Transportation contract or permit. means those techniques set forth in the “Minor routine maintenance” means shap- American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (1) To be a member of and give written notice to the ing of or adding dust palliative to unpaved most recently published standard CI/ASCE 38- One Call System. Such notice shall be in a form ac- roads, removal and application of patches to the 02, or its successor document as determined by ceptable to the One Call System and include: surface or base of flexible base, rigid base or rigid the One Call System. surface roads by either manual or mechanized “Tolerance zone” means the horizontal space (i) the legal name of the facility owner and their method to the extent of the existing exposed within eighteen inches of the outside wall or official mailing address; base material, crack and joint sealing, adding edge of a line or facility. dust palliative to road shoulders, patching and “Traffic loop” means a device that detects metal (ii) as follows: cutting of shoulders and shoulder bases by either objects such as cars and bicycles based on the change manual or mechanized methods to the extent of in inductance that they induce in the device. (A) The names of the counties and municipalities, the existing exposed base, and cleaning of inlets “Unconventional formation” means a geo- down to and including wards in Philadelphia, and drainage pipes and ditches. logical shale formation existing below the base Pittsburgh, Allentown and Erie, in which its lines “One Call System” means the communication of the Elk Sandstone or its geologic equivalent are located and other related information as may system established within this Commonwealth to stratigraphic interval where oil or natural gas be required by the One Call System regarding the provide a single nationwide toll-free telephone generally cannot be produced at economic flow location of a member’s facilities. number or 811 number for excavators or design- rates or in economic volumes except by vertical ers or any other person covered by this act to call or horizontal well bores stimulated by hydrau- (B) The One Call System may not require facility owners and notify them of their intent to lic fracture treatments or by using multilateral its members to locate lines or facilities in- perform excavation, demolition or similar work as well bores or other techniques to expose more of stalled before the effective date of this clause defined by this act. The One Call System shall be the formation to the well bore. unless the member has existing maps of the incorporated and operated as a nonprofit corpora- “Unconventional oil and gas well” means a lines or facilities and the member’s exist- tion pursuant to 15 Pa.C.S. Pt. II Subpt. C (relat- bore hole drilled or being drilled for the purpose ing maps meet the specifications of the One ing to nonprofit corporations). of or to be used for the production of oil or natu- Call System’s Member Mapping Solutions. “Operator” means any individual in physi- ral gas from an unconventional formation. Nothing under this clause shall prohibit the cal control of powered equipment or explosives “Well pad” means area, under the control One Call System members from voluntarily when being used to perform excavation or de- of an oil or natural gas company, occupied by submitting to the One Call System maps of molition work. equipment or facilities necessary or required lines or facilities installed before the effective “Person” means an individual, partnership, for the drilling, production or plugging of an date of this clause. corporation, political subdivision, a municipal oil or natural gas well. authority, the Commonwealth and its agencies “Work site” means the specific place de- (iii) the facility owner’s address (by street, number and instrumentalities, or any other entity. noted on the locate request where excavation and political subdivision)and the telephone num- “Powered equipment” means any equipment or demolition work is being or is planned to ber and fax number, if available, to which inquiries energized by an engine or motor and used in be performed. A work site should be denoted may be directed as to the location of such lines; excavation or demolition work. as a clearly defined, bounded area, including “Preconstruction meeting” means a sched- relevant identifiable points of reference such (iv) the street identifications or like informa- uled event held by the excavator, designer, proj- as the specific address with a specific descrip- tion within each of the municipalities in which ect owner and facility owner, or an agent of the tion as to the portion of the property, includ- its lines are located. This information shall be excavator, designer, project owner and facility ing descriptions such as front, back, left side, in a form acceptable to the One Call System. owner, prior to the commencement of excava- right side and direction such as N, S, E, W or Upon acceptance of the information from a fa- tion or demolition work in a complex project. variants. Where possible, the points should cility owner, the One Call System shall provide “Project owner” means any person who or also reference, without limitation, the size the facility owner with notification within the which engages an excavator for construction or and radius or circumference of the excava- boundaries described. All facility owners shall any other project which requires excavation or tion, utility pad or pedestal numbers, utility agree to indemnify and hold harmless the One
XXIV EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 Call System for any errors and omissions on the identification shall not be deemed to impose any (9) If a facility owner fails to become a member part of the facility owner or the excavator or de- liability upon the facility owner for the accuracy of the One Call System in violation of this act signer providing the information as the agent of of the other facility’s identification. and a line or lines of such nonmember facility the facility owner; and owner are damaged by an excavator by reason of (ii) To timely elect to excavate around its facilities the excavator’s failure to notify the facility owner (v) any other information required by the One in fulfillment of this subparagraph, at its option. because the facility owner was not a member of Call System. the One Call System serving the location where (iii.1) To propose mutually agreeable schedul- the damage occurred, such facility owner shall (2) To provide the One Call System, within five ing by which the excavator, facility owner or de- have no right of recovery from the excavator of business days, with any revised information re- signer may locate the facilities. any costs associated with the damage to its lines. quired under this section. The right herein granted shall not be in limitation (v) To respond to all notices through the One of any other rights of the excavator. (4) Not more than ten business days after re- Call System, provided the request is made in the ceipt of a request from a designer who identi- time frame set forth under this act. The response (10) To submit a report of alleged violation to fies the work site of excavation or demolition shall be made not later than the end of the second the commission through the One Call System work for which he is preparing a drawing, to business day following receipt of the notification not more than thirty business days after re- initially respond to his request for information by the One Call System, excluding the business ceipt of notice that the facility owner’s lines as to the position and type of the facility owner’s day upon which the notification is received, or have been damaged by excavation or demoli- lines at such work site based on the information not later than the day prior to the lawful start tion work or if the facility owner believes a currently in the facility owner’s possession or to date of excavation if the excavator specifies a later violation of this act has been committed in mark the plans which have been provided to it date or, in the case of an emergency, to respond association with excavation or demolition by the designer by field location or by another through the One Call System as soon as practica- work. The report of alleged violation shall be method agreed to by the designer, excavator and ble following receipt of notification of the emer- in a form and manner as required by the com- facility owner, or their agent. The facility owner gency by the One Call System. mission. No report may be required where shall so advise the person making the request the cost to repair the damage to the facility of the facility owner’s status at the work site (v.1) To, if a facility owner failed to respond owner’s lines is less than two thousand five through the One Call System. to an original, proper, nonemergency locate hundred dollars ($2,500), unless the same request from the One Call System or to a person damaged the facility owner’s lines two (5) After receipt of a timely request from an ex- renotification under section 5(20), commu- or more times within a six-month period. cavator or operator who identifies the work site nicate directly to the excavator within two of excavation or demolition work he intends hours after renotification of the information (11) To comply with all requests for information to perform and not later than the business day about its facility location and, if necessary by the commission relating to the commission’s prior to the lawful start date of excavation: and possible, go to the proposed work site to enforcement authority under this act within mark, stake or locate its underground lines thirty days of the receipt of the request. (i) To mark, stake, locate or otherwise provide or to verify to the excavator that the facility the position of the facility owner’s underground owner’s underground lines are not within the (12) To participate in the One Call System’s lines at the work site within eighteen inches hor- area of the proposed work site. Member Mapping Solutions as determined by izontally from the outside wall of such line in a the One Call System’s board of directors. manner so as to enable the excavator, where ap- (vi) In marking the approximate position of under- propriate, to employ prudent techniques, which ground lines or facilities, to follow the Common (13) To maintain existing records of main lines may include hand-dug test holes, to determine Ground Alliance Best Practices for Temporary abandoned on or after the effective date of this the precise position of the underground facility Marking set forth in ANSI standard Z535.1. paragraph and to mark, locate or identify the owner’s lines. This shall be done to the extent Should the Common Ground Alliance Best main lines if possible, based upon the existing such information is available in the facility own- Practices be amended, the amended guidelines records. The records shall include written or er’s records or by use of standard locating tech- shall be applied and followed. If the Common electronic documents or drawings in the posses- niques other than excavation. Standard locating Ground Alliance Best Practices no longer pub- sion of the facility owner that show the location techniques shall include, at the utility owner’s lishes guidelines for temporary markings or if the of an existing line or facility. discretion, the option to choose available tech- responsibility for publishing the guidelines is trans- nologies suitable to each type of line or facil- ferred to or assumed by another entity, the facility RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ONE ity being located at the work site, topography or owner shall follow the guidelines approved by the CALL SYSTEM soil conditions or to assist the facility owner in One Call System’s board of directors. locating its lines or facilities, based on accepted SECTION 3. engineering and operational practices. Facility (vii) To respond to emergency notifications as It shall be the duty of the One Call System: owners shall make reasonable efforts during the soon as practicable following receipt of notifi- excavation phase to locate or notify excavators cation of such emergency. The response by the (1.1) to assign one or more serial numbers and of the existence and type of abandoned lines. facility owner shall be consistent with the nature the date that the work site may legally be exca- of the emergency information received by the vated and to log the entire voice transaction on (i.1) To identify the location of an actually facility owner. logging recorders in appropriate digital form and known facility’s point of connection to its fa- maintain these logs for five years. All records cilities, where the point of connection is not (viii) To participate in preconstruction meetings for shall be indexed and available to the parties owned or operated by the facility owner. A a complex project or as described in section 5(3). involved at a reasonable cost and at reasonable facility owner may identify the location of a times set by the One Call System. known facility connected to its facilities, but (ix) If notification is received pursuant to section not owned or operated by the facility owner, as 5(8), to give priority to responding to notifica- (1.2) to perform the obligations, as set forth un- a helpful guide to the excavator or owner. The tion as an emergency. der this section, on behalf of the facility owner,
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excavator or designer as established by the board shall make a record of the conversation. in the area served by the municipal authority of of directors of the One Call System. less than five thousand people shall be exempt (8) To notify the facility owner as soon as from the payment of any service fee. The One (1.3) to provide access to municipal lists pro- possible that an excavator has identified an Call System may be reimbursed for its costs in vided to the One Call System for those inter- unmarked or incorrectly marked facility and providing this service from the contractor fees. ested parties. This list shall contain facility of the facility owner’s responsibilities under owners having lines in the municipality, includ- section 2(5)(v.1). (f) All fees shall be set by the board of directors ing wards as indicated in section 2(1)(ii), and to and shall be based on the latest annual audited maintain, for each municipality, a list contain- SECTION 3.1. (a) The duties of the One Call cost factors of the One Call System. Fees shall ing the information as required to be submitted System are those duties as set forth in section be set and adjusted to a rate not more than five by the facility owner. Such list shall be updated 3. Duties assigned to other parties in other sec- percent above the audited cost factor plus the as revised information is received from the facil- tions of this act shall be the duties of those par- current average published Consumer Price Index ity owner within five business days. ties and shall not be imputed to the One Call for Pennsylvania. Costs of capital improvements System, including the duty to provide accurate may be added, if the improvement receives a ma- (3) To, per memoranda of understanding information to the One Call System concern- jority vote of the board of directors. between the commission and the One Call ing proposed excavation and the duty to locate System, provide reports of alleged violations facilities at a work site. (f.1) An excavator, designer or operator who and other information, such as photographs, proposes to commence excavation or demolition photocopies and drawings, that are submitted (b) The One Call System shall not be liable for work and requests information from the One with the report of alleged violation. The One damages to the person or the person’s property Call System shall pay to the One Call System an Call System shall provide access to or photocop- arising out of its non-negligent actions in fur- annual fee for the service provided by the One ies of One Call System response records, tickets therance of the duties imposed under this act Call System under section 3. The fee shall be set or other similar information related to matters and shall be liable only if the failure to comply by the One Call System board of directors and covered by this act under investigation by the was the proximate cause of any damages claimed. shall be used to offset a portion of the operation commission, pursuant to its enforcement au- costs of the One Call System and a portion of the thority under this act. The One Call System (c) (Reserved). operation costs levied on the One Call System’s may provide reports of alleged violations to the political subdivision and municipal authority Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency, (d) The One Call System shall be governed by members. Failure to pay the fee shall constitute per memoranda of understanding. a board of directors to be chosen by the facility a violation of this act and shall subject the ex- owners. No less than twenty percent of the seats cavator, designer or operator to the enforcement (4) To determine the maximum geographic area on the board shall be held by municipalities or authority of the commission for the nonpayment. that shall constitute a valid single notification municipal authorities. The board shall include and to determine when multiple notifications all of the following: (h) Any request for information shall be re- shall be required of any person, including the viewed and provided as determined in accor- method, the type and the number of notifica- (1) The chairman or his designee. dance with the procedure established by the tions in a complex project. (2) The Director of the Pennsylvania Emergency One Call System’s board of directors. Management Agency or his designee. Which has been set by the Board 1/2007 as: RESPONSIBILITIES OF A DESIGNER “1000’ or Intersection to Intersection, which- (4) The Secretary of Transportation or his designee. ever is greater, along the same street, within SECTION 4. the same political subdivision” by the Board. (5) An excavator or excavation industry It shall be the duty of each designer prepar- representative. ing a drawing which requires excavation or (5) If approved by the board of directors of the demolition work within this Commonwealth: One Call System, to offer a service for the ap- (6) A designer or designer industry plication and obtaining of State or municipal representative. (2) To request the line and facility information permits for excavation work. Issuance of the prescribed by section 2(4) from the One Call required permits shall be the responsibility of (7) An owner or operator or a representative System not less than ten nor more than ninety the appropriate State or municipal agency which of an owner or operator of pipelines associ- business days before final design is to be com- has jurisdiction over the type of excavation work ated with conventional oil and gas wells. The pleted. This clause is not intended to prohibit being performed. owner or operator may be a facility owner or designers from obtaining such information a pipeline owner or operator who voluntarily more than ninety days before final design is to (6) Pursuant to policies adopted by the One Call submits maps of its lines or facilities to the be completed; however, they shall state in their System’s board of directors, to provide a secure One Call System. requirements that such work is preliminary. The repository for and access to subsurface utility en- Designer is required to send plans to the in- gineering data received from project owners to (8) A facility owner or facility owner repre- volved Facility Owners to mark up. PA One affected facility owner members. sentative of pipelines associated with uncon- Call can assist thru its electronic “Drawing ventional oil and gas wells. Exchange” and through “CoordinatePA”. (7) To inquire, when an excavator has notified the One Call System of the existence of a release of (e) Operation costs for the One Call System (2.1) To forward a copy of the project plans to each natural gas or other hazardous substance or of po- shall be shared, in an equitable manner for ser- facility owner who requests a copy. If a designer tential danger to life, health or property, whether vices received, by facility owner members as is unable to provide a copy because of security of the excavator has notified the 911 system. If the determined by the One Call System’s board of the project or proprietary concerns regarding the 911 system has not been notified, the One Call directors. Political subdivisions with a popula- design or the project, the designer shall negotiate in System shall notify the excavator of the excava- tion of less than two thousand people or munici- a timely manner with the facility owner the means tor’s responsibility to notify the 911 system and pal authorities having an aggregate population of obtaining the necessary data.
XXVI EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 (3) To show upon the drawing the position and the date upon which notification was received by pursuant to section 2(5), the excavator shall em- type of each facility owner’s line, derived pursu- the One Call System and notification received on ploy like prudent techniques which shall be paid ant to the request made as required by clause (2), a Saturday, Sunday or holiday, which shall be pro- for by the project owner pursuant to clause (15). and the name of the facility owner as shown on cessed on the following business day. In the case the list referred to in section 3. of a complex project, notification shall not be less (5) If the facility owner fails to respond to the than ten business days in advance of the begin- excavator’s timely request as provided under sec- (4) To make a reasonable effort to prepare the ning of excavation or demolition work. tion 2(5) or the facility owner notifies the ex- construction drawings to avoid damage to and cavator that the line cannot be marked within minimize interference with a facility owner’s fa- (2.2) To provide the One Call System with exact the time frame and a mutually agreeable date cilities in the construction area by maintaining information to identify the work site so that fa- for marking cannot be arrived at, the excavator the clearance as provided for in the applicable cility owners might provide indications of their may proceed with excavation as scheduled, but easement condition or an eighteen-inch clear- lines. An excavator shall be deemed to have met not earlier than the lawful dig date, provided he ance of the facility owner’s facilities if no ease- the obligations of clause (2.1) if he calls the One exercises due care in his endeavors, subject to the ment restriction exists. Call System, provides the work site and other re- limitations contained in this clause and clauses quired information and receives a serial number. (2.1) through (4) and (20). (5) A designer shall be deemed to have met the obligations of clause (2) if he calls the One Call (3) In a complex project or if an excavator in- (6) To inform each operator employed by the System and shows, as proof, the serial number of tends to perform work at multiple work sites or excavator at the work site of such work of the one call notice on drawings. The designer shall over a large area, to take reasonable steps to work information obtained by the excavator pursuant also show the toll-free number of the One Call with facility owners, including scheduling and to clauses (2.1) through (5), and the excavator System on the drawing near his serial number. conducting a preconstruction meeting, so that and operator shall: they may locate their facilities at a time reason- (6) If, after receiving information from the facility ably in advance of the actual start of excavation (i) Plan the excavation or demolition work to owners, the designer decides to change the work site or demolition work for each phase of the work. avoid damage to or minimize interference with of a proposed excavation, the obligations imposed by A preconstruction meeting may take place at any a facility owner’s facilities in the construction this section shall apply to the new work site. time prior to the commencement of excavation or area. Excavation or demolition work which re- demolition work, and the excavator, facility own- quires temporary or permanent interruption of a (7) The designer who has complied with the ers and designer, or their agents, shall attend the facility owner’s service shall be coordinated with terms of this act and who was not otherwise meeting. Notice of the meeting shall be given the affected facility owner in all cases. negligent shall not be subject to liability or in- sufficiently in advance so as to permit attendance, cur any obligation to facility owners, operators, either in person or electronically, by the excavator, (ii) After consulting with a facility owner, provide owners or other persons who sustain injury to facility owners and designer, or their agents, and such support and mechanical protection for known person or property as a result of the excavation shall include information sufficient to identify the facility owner’s lines at the construction work site or demolition planning work of the designer. scope of work. If the excavator does not believe during the excavation or demolition work, including that a preconstruction meeting is necessary under during backfilling operations, as may be reasonably (8) To submit a report of alleged violation to the the circumstances of this clause it shall indicate necessary for the protection of such lines. commission through the One Call System not such belief in its notice, but any facility owner more than thirty business days from the time with facilities at the work site may request a meet- (7) To report immediately to the facility owner the designer becomes aware that a violation of ing with the excavator, and a meeting shall be any break or leak on its lines, or any dent, gouge, this act may have been committed in associa- held between the facility owner and the excava- groove or other damage to such lines or to their tion with excavation or demolition work. The tor. After commencement of excavation or demo- coating or cathodic protection, made or discov- report of alleged violation shall be in a form lition work, the excavator shall be responsible for ered in the course of the excavation or demolition and manner as required by the commission. protecting and preserving the staking, marking work. The One Call System board of directors or other designation until no longer required for may adopt procedures to permit reporting under (9) To request line and facility information proper and safe excavation or demolition work at this clause through the One Call System. required under section 2(4) from the One or near the underground facility or by contacting Call System and to pay the applicable fee for the One Call System to request that the facilities (8) To immediately notify 911 and the facility the request. be marked again in the event that the previous owner if the damage results in the escape of any markings have been compromised or eliminated. flammable, toxic or corrosive gas or liquid which RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE EXCAVATOR endangers life, health or property. The excava- (3.1) To comply with the requirements estab- tor shall take reasonable measures, based on its SECTION 5. lished by the One Call System as determined by knowledge, training, resources, experience and It shall be the duty of each excavator who in- the board of directors regarding the maximum understanding of the situation, to protect them- tends to perform excavation or demolition area that a notification may cover. selves and those in immediate danger, the gen- work within this Commonwealth: eral public, the property and the environment (4) To exercise due care and to take all reasonable until the facility owner or emergency responders (2.1) To request the location and type of facil- steps necessary to avoid injury to or otherwise in- have arrived and completed their assessment and ity owner lines at each work site by notifying terfere with all lines where positions have been shall remain on the work site to convey any per- the facility owner through the One Call System. provided to the excavator by the facility owners tinent information to responders that may help Notification shall be not less than three nor more pursuant to section 2 (5). Within the tolerance them to safely mitigate the situation. than ten business days in advance of beginning zone the excavator shall employ prudent tech- excavation or demolition work. No work shall niques, which may include hand-dug test holes, (9) The time requirements of clause (2.1) shall not begin earlier than the lawful start date which vacuum excavation or similar devices to ascertain apply to a facility owner or excavator performing shall be on or after the third business day after the precise position of such facilities. If insuf- excavation or demolition work in an emergency, notification. The lawful start date shall exclude ficient information to safely excavate is available as defined in Section 1; nonetheless, all facility
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owners shall be notified as soon as possible before, received from the facility owner, it is reasonably sufficient information from the facility owner during or after excavation or demolition work, necessary for the excavator to ascertain the precise to safely excavate. If the facility owner fails to depending upon the circumstances. location of any line or abandoned or unclaimed provide sufficient information to the excavator lines by prudent techniques, which may include within three hours after the excavator has no- (11) To use the color white to mark a proposed hand-dug test holes, vacuum excavation or other tified the One Call System of the unmarked or excavation work site when exact work site infor- similar devices, the excavator shall promptly notify incorrectly marked facility, the excavator may mation cannot be provided. the project owner or the project owner’s represen- proceed with excavation subject to the limita- tative, either orally or in writing. If oral notifica- tions under clause (5). (11.1) To assist a facility owner in determining tion is given, the notice shall be reduced to writing involvement of a facility owner’s lines by disclos- within a reasonable time by the project owner or (21) To make a locate request to the One Call ing additional available information requested excavator. After giving such notice, the excavator System prior to excavation or demolition work by the facility owner, including dimensions and shall be entitled to compensation from the proj- and to pay the applicable fee for the request. the direction of proposed excavations. ect owner for this additional work as provided in See www.paonecall.org for additional detail. the latest edition of the Pennsylvania Department (11.2) If using horizontal directional drilling of Transportation Form 408 specifications for ex- LEGISLATIVE INTENT (HDD), at a minimum, to utilize the best prac- tra work performed on a force account basis. The tices published by the HDD Consortium. provisions of this subsection shall not be deemed SECTION 6. to limit any other rights which the excavator has Except as otherwise provided in this act, this (12) The following standards shall be applied in under its contract with the project owner or other- act shall not be deemed to amend or repeal determining whether an excavator shall incur wise. Provisions in any contract, public or private, any other law, Commonwealth regulation or any obligation or be subject to liability as a result which attempt to limit the rights of excavators un- any local ordinance enacted pursuant to law of an excavator’s demolition work or excavation der this section shall not be valid for any reason, concerning the same subject matter, it being work damaging a facility owner’s facilities: and any attempted waiver of this section shall be the legislative intent that any such other law void and unenforceable as against public policy or local ordinance shall have full force and (i) The excavator who has complied with the and any such attempted waiver shall be reported effect where not inconsistent with this act. terms of this act and who was not otherwise to the commission. negligent shall not be subject to liability or incur RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE any obligation to facility owners, operators, proj- (16) To submit a report of an alleged viola- PROJECT OWNER ect owners or other persons who sustain injury tion to the commission through the One Call to person or property as a result of the excava- System not more than ten business days after SECTION 6.1. tor’s excavation or demolition work damaging a striking or damaging a facility owner’s line It shall be the duty of each project owner who facility owner’s lines. during excavation or demolition or if the engages in excavation or demolition work to excavator believes a violation of this act has be done within this Commonwealth: (ii) Where an excavator has failed to comply with been committed in association with excava- the terms of this act or was otherwise negligent, tion or demolition work. The report of an al- (1) To utilize sufficient quality levels of sub- and the facility owner or designer has misiden- leged violation shall be in a form and manner surface utility engineering or other similar tified, mislocated or failed to identify its facili- as required by the commission. techniques whenever practicable to properly ties pursuant to this act, then in computing the determine the existence and positions of under- amount of reimbursement to which the facility (17) To comply with all requests for information ground facilities when designing known com- owner is entitled, the cost of repairing or replac- by the commission relating to the commission’s plex projects having an estimated cost of four ing its facilities shall be diminished in the same enforcement authority under this act within hundred thousand dollars ($400,000) or more. proportion that the facility owner’s or designer’s thirty days of the receipt of the request. misidentification, mislocation or failure to identify (2) To timely respond to notifications received the facilities contributed to the damage. Should the (18) To, if it chooses to do so and if working for from excavators pursuant to section 5(15). facility owner or designer not have misidentified, a facility owner, a municipality or a municipal mislocated or failed to identify its facilities pursu- authority, delegate the power to discharge the (3) To not release to bid or construction any ant to this act, there shall be no diminution of the duties set forth in clauses (2.1) and (2.2) to its project until after final design is completed. facility owner’s right of recovery. project owner, with the project owner’s consent. If the power is delegated pursuant to this clause, (4) To participate in design and preconstruc- (13) If, after receiving information from the One both the excavator and the project owner shall tion meetings either directly or through a Call System or directly from a facility owner, the be responsible for providing the required notices. representative. excavator decides to change the location, scope or duration of a proposed excavation, the obliga- (19) To ensure the accuracy of any information (5) To furnish the pertinent data obtained tions imposed by this section shall apply to the provided to the One Call System pursuant to through subsurface utility engineering to the new location. this section. One Call System in a mutually agreeable format.
(14) If an excavator removes its equipment and (20) To renotify the One Call System of an un- (6) For new construction and where practicable vacates a work site for more than two business marked or incorrectly marked facility, if an in the opinion of the project owner, to install days, to renotify the One Call System unless original, proper, nonemergency locate request color-coded permanent markers to indicate the other arrangements have been made directly with has been made to the One Call System and, type and location of all laterals installed by the the facility owners involved in his work site. upon initial arrival at the proposed work site, project owner. it is apparent to the excavator that there is an (15) When the information required from the fa- unmarked or incorrectly marked facility. An (7) To submit a report of alleged violation to cility owner under section 2(5)(i) cannot be pro- excavator may not begin excavating in the af- the commission through the One Call System vided or, due to the nature of the information fected area of the work site until after receiving not more than ten business days after striking
XXVIII EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 or damaging a facility owner’s line during ex- (ii) The Secretary of Transportation or the (6) The commission member shall serve as cavation or demolition work activities, after a secretary’s designee. the chairman of the committee and shall be project owner’s contracted excavator strikes or a nonvoting member, except if the chairman’s damages a facility owner’s line during excavation (iii) The president of the One Call System or vote is necessary to break a tie. The chair- or demolition activities or if the project owner his designee from the One Call System profes- man’s attendance shall not be counted to es- believes a violation of this act has been commit- sional staff. tablish a quorum. ted in association with excavation or demolition. The report of alleged violation shall be in a form (iv) One representative from each of the fol- (7) At least seven members of the committee and manner as required by the commission. lowing nonmunicipally owned or affiliated who are present shall constitute a quorum for facility owner industries: electric, natural gas the transaction of business. A simple major- PERFORMANCE CRITERIA or petroleum pipelines, telephone, water or ity vote of the committee members present at wastewater and cable television, nominated a meeting shall be deemed to be the position SECTION 7. by facility owners or affiliated organizations. of the committee.
(a) The Auditor General may review manage- (v) Three representatives of excavators, (b) The committee shall meet regularly to ment and financial audits of the One Call System, nominated by excavators or affiliated carry out the following purposes: which audits shall be performed by a qualified au- organizations. diting firm within this Commonwealth. A copy (vi) One representative of municipal govern- (1) Review a report of an alleged violation of of the audit shall be submitted to the Auditor ments, nominated by municipal governments this act and damage prevention investigator General upon its completion and to the General or affiliated organizations. findings and recommendations. Assembly by October 31 of the year following the end of the audit period. The cost of reasonable (vii) One representative of municipal author- (2) Issue a warning letter to a person as expenses incurred by the Auditor General in per- ities, nominated by municipal authorities or deemed appropriate by the committee or as forming the obligations under this section shall affiliated organizations. recommended by the damage prevention be reimbursed by the One Call System. The fees investigator. shall not be inconsistent with those of commer- (2) A person appointed to the committee must cial auditing firms for similar work. have expertise within the operation of this (3) Issue an informal determination that im- act. poses an administrative penalty. (b) The Auditor General, for the purposes set forth in subsection (a), and any contractor, ex- (3) A nomination under clause (1)(iv), (v), (vi) (4) Require a person to attend a damage pre- cavator, facility owner or member of the One and (vii) shall be forwarded to the secretary of vention educational program. Call System shall have the right during regular the commission. The executive director of the business hours to inspect and copy any record, commission shall provide recommended can- (5) Issue an informal determination that book, account, document or any other informa- didates to the commission for approval. modifies or dismisses a recommendation of tion relating to the provision of one call services committee staff. by the One Call System, at the cost determined (4) Except for an unexpired term or for com- by the board of directors. mittee members under clause (1)(i) and (iii), (c) The following shall apply to alleged the following shall apply: violations: (c) The One Call System shall submit an annual report to its members, and a copy of the report (i) An appointment to the committee shall be- (1) A person determined, in a report issued shall be submitted to the Auditor General. gin January 1. by a damage prevention investigator, to have committed an alleged violation shall do one (d) The One Call System shall cause a financial (ii) Except for initial terms under clause (5), a of the following: audit to be performed annually by a qualified committee member’s term shall be for a term auditing firm within this Commonwealth. of three years. (i) Provide a written acknowledgment of the findings and administrative penalty con- SECTION 4. Section 7.2 of the act is repealed: (5) The initial term of committee members tained in the report issued by the damage pre- shall be as follows: vention investigator to the committee. SECTION 5. The act is amended by adding sections to read: (i) Two representatives of facility owners shall (ii) Appear before the commission to present serve three years, one representative shall its position. ENFORCEMENT – NOW under the PA Public serve two years and two representatives shall Utility Commission. www.puc.state.pa.us serve one year. (2) A person who is subject to an informal de- termination of the committee may accept or (ii) One representative of excavators shall reject the result. If an informal determina- SECTION 7.8. serve three years, one representative shall tion is rejected, the matter shall be returned serve two years and one representative shall to the damage prevention investigator for (a) A damage prevention committee shall be serve one year. further action, if appropriate, including re- established as follows: ferring the matter to the commission prosecu- (iii) The representative of municipal govern- tor staff for the purpose of issuing a formal (1) The committee shall consist of the follow- ments shall serve two years. complaint. ing members, appointed by the commission: (iv) The representative of municipal authori- (d) Except for alleged violations involving (i) The chairman or his designee from the ties shall serve three years. injury or death, the provisions of subsection commission’s professional staff. (c) may be applied in advance or instead of
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filing a formal complaint against a person (i) Expire no later than two years following (i) an administrative penalty of not more determined, in a report issued by a damage the effective date of this section. than two thousand five hundred dollars prevention investigator, to have committed ($2,500) per violation; or an alleged violation. An informal determi- (ii) Be exempt from all of the following: nation of the committee shall be binding on (ii) if the violation results in injury, death the commission unless the person rejects the (A) Sections 201, 202 and 203 of the act of or property damage of twenty-five thousand informal determination. July 31, 1968 (P.L.769, No.240), referred to dollars ($25,000) or more, an administrative as the Commonwealth Documents Law. penalty of not more than fifty thousand dol- (e) The committee shall have the following ad- lars ($50,000). ditional duties: (B) The act of June 25, 1982 (P.L.633, No.181), known as the Regulatory Review Act. (2) The commission and committee shall con- (1) Upon the request of the commission, the sider the following factors in determining the committee shall hold a special meeting to ad- SECTION 7.9. administrative penalty to be assessed: vise the commission on a matter related to damage prevention for underground facili- (a) Program costs for commission enforcement (i) The history of the party’s compliance with ties under this act. of this act shall be included in the commis- the act prior to the date of the violation. sion’s proposed budget and shall be subject to (2) As soon as practicable after establishment, the review and approval of the Governor and (ii) The amount of injury or property damage the committee, with input from the One Call the General Assembly as described under 66 caused by the party’s noncompliance. System, shall develop and implement bylaws. Pa.C.S. § 510(a) (relating to assessment for The bylaws shall: regulatory expenses upon public utilities). (iii) The degree of threat to the public safety The assessment of the commission’s program and inconvenience caused by the party’s (i) Establish a schedule for the frequency of costs for commission enforcement of this act noncompliance. regular meetings. shall not include Federal and State funds pro- vided for the enforcement of this act and shall (iv) The party’s proposed modification to inter- (ii) Delineate the committee’s practice and be allocated in the following manner: nal practices and procedures to ensure future procedure concerning the performance of du- compliance with statutes and regulations. ties assigned under this act and commission (1) Eighty percent of the program costs shall be orders and regulations. included within the amount assessed to public (v) The degree of the party’s culpability utilities under 66 Pa.C.S. § 510. (iii) Be approved by the commission. (vi) Other factors as may be appropriate con- (2) Twenty percent of the program costs shall sidering the facts and circumstances of the (3) Submit an annual report containing rel- be assessed as a fee upon the One Call System, incident. evant damage prevention data to the commis- with the fee to be paid to the commission. The sion, the Committee on Consumer Protection One Call System’s board of directors shall de- (c) An administrative penalty recovered under and Professional Licensure of the Senate and termine the manner in which the fee may be this section shall be payable to the commission the Committee on Consumer Affairs of the recovered from facility owners, excavators, and collected in the manner provided for by law. House of Representatives. designers and other involved persons, pro- vided that the One Call System’s board of di- (d) This act shall not affect a civil remedy for (f) Except for willful misconduct, members of rectors’ manner of recovery may not include personal injury or property damage, except as the committee shall be immune, individually facility owners that are public utilities. provided for under this act. and jointly, from civil liability for an act or omission done or made in performance of the (b) (Reserved). (e) The commission may issue a subpoena, members’ duties while serving as members of on application of an attorney responsible for the committee. SECTION 7.10. representing the Commonwealth in actions before the commission, for the purpose of in- (g) The commission shall have the following (a) The commission may issue a warning vestigating an alleged violation of this act. powers to carry out the purposes of this act: and order requiring compliance with this act The commission shall have the power to sub- and may levy an administrative penalty for poena witnesses and compel the production of (1) To employ individuals. a violation of this act. A warning, order or books, records, papers and documents. penalty shall be served on the person or entity (2) To issue orders. violating this act at the person’s last known (f) No provision of this act shall be construed address. A party aggrieved by the imposition or interpreted to do any of the following: (3) To promulgate regulations. If the com- of an order or administrative penalty im- mission promulgates regulations that limit posed by the commission may appeal the order (1) Affect the ability of a district attorney or reporting to a specific type of incident, in- or penalty as provided under 2 Pa.C.S. Chs. 5 the Attorney General to investigate or file a cluding contact with a line, damage to a line Subch. A (relating to practice and procedure claim for the same conduct. or line coating, personal injury, third-party of Commonwealth agencies) and 7 Subch. A damage and failure to comply with this act, (relating to judicial review of Commonwealth (2) Deprive a governmental agency, includ- the commission may consider the resources agency action). ing a law enforcement agency, the Auditor available for enforcement and other factors. General and a district attorney, of any juris- (b) The following shall apply: dictional power or duty. (4) For one year following the effective date of this section, to promulgate temporary regu- (1) A person or entity violating this act may (g) A facility owner may petition a court of lations. Regulations under this clause shall: be subject to: competent jurisdiction to enjoin excavation
XXX EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 or demolition work conducted in violation of (ii) The amendment of section 39 of the act. outside edges of the facility with a line connect- this act. Local law enforcement or emergency ing the two horizontal lines to indicate there is management personnel may, in the interest of (iii) This section. only one facility. PA One Call does not locate public safety, order an excavator on a work site or mark lines. to stop further excavation if the excavation is (2) The remainder of this act shall take effect being conducted in violation of this act. in 180 days. Best Practices for Locating & Marking Practices/Responsibilities Note: This may also be enforced under Section APPROVED--The 30th day of October, A.D. The APWA/CGA Temporary Marking Color 3302 of PA Title 18 Section b - Risking 2017. Code and Chapter 4 marking practices catastrophe. are specified in PA Act 287, as amended. GOVERNOR TOM WOLF Operators are responsible for marking the facilities and appurtenances in the appropri- SECTION 6. Appendix D ate color of their facility type, their company Section 8 of the act is amended to read: identifier (name, initials or abbreviation), the APWA/CGA BEST PRACTICES FOR number and width of their facilities and a de- DISPUTE RESOLUTION TEMPORARY MARKINGS scription of the facility (HP, FO, STL). Use paint, flags, stakes or whiskers or a combina- PA Act 287, as amended SECTION 8. An excavator shall use the color The One Call System shall have the authority white to mark a proposed excava- to design, establish and administer a voluntary tion site when exact site informa- payment dispute resolution process which may tion cannot be provided. THIS be used by excavators, facility owners, designers, SHOULD BE DONE PRIOR project owners and other involved persons. The TO THE NOTIFICATION, process shall provide for dispute resolution pan- DIAL 811 or 1-800-242-1776 els selected from among a list of representatives (from outside PA). Pennsylvania of stakeholder groups, including facility own- law requires no less than 3 nor ers, excavators, designers and regulators. The more than 10 business days before process established under this section may not you dig ANYWHERE IN THE be used to settle or resolve alleged violations of COMMONWEALTH. Any exca- this act nor may involve any issues related to the vation within the tolerance zone is commission’s enforcement activities. performed by using prudent tech- niques. The excavator shall observe COMMON GROUND ALLIANCE a tolerance zone comprised of the BEST PRACTICES width of the facility plus 18 inches on either side of the outside edge of the underground facility on hori- SECTION 9. zontal plane (see graphic on fol- Except as otherwise provided for by this act, per- lowing page). Use pink temporary sons shall use their best efforts to comply with survey markings for all surveying the Common Ground Alliance best practices. and grade marks. Continue using Prudent Techniques until you find the Line. Notify Project owner and SECTION 10. charge PennDOT 408 Spec for No person shall intentionally remove or tamper necessary work. with a marking provided for under this act. Temporary Facility Markings by Facility Owners SECTION 11. To mark, stake, locate or otherwise Nothing in this act shall impair the rights or im- provide the position of the facility munities provided to political subdivisions under owner’s underground lines at the 42 Pa.C.S. Ch. 85 Subch. C (relating to actions site within 18 inches horizontally against local parties) or any other State law. from the outside wall of such line in a manner so as to enable the ex- SUNSET PROVISION cavator, where appropriate within the tolerance tion to identify the operator’s facility(s) at or zone, to employ prudent techniques, which near the excavation site. It is against the Law SECTION 39. may include hand-dug test holes, to determine to tamper with these markings. This act shall expire on December 31, 2024. the precise position of the underground facil- ity owner’s lines. This shall be done to the ex- Uniform Color Code SECTION 8. tent such information is available in the facility The American Public Works Association/CGA’s This act shall take effect as follows: owner’s records or by use of standard locating Uniform Color Code is PA law. The code uses techniques other than excavation. The marking ANSI Standard Z535.1 Safety colors, as shown (1) The following provisions shall take effect can be done in one of two ways: either placing for temporary marking of excavation sites and immediately: the marks over the approximate center of the fa- underground facility identification (examples (i) The addition of section 7.9 of the act. cility, or by placing the marks over the actual shwon above).
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM XXXI www.paonecall.org DIAL 8-1-1 or 1-800-242-1776 WORK LOCATION REQUEST FORM
TELEPHONE NUMBER: ( ) EXT.: CALLER: COMPANY NAME: ADDRESS: CITY: STATE: ZIP EMAIL ADDRESS*: FAX #: ( ) NOTIFICATION TYPE: FINAL DESIGN (Not less than 10 nor more than 90 Business Days) PRELIMINARY DESIGN (Greater than 90 Business Days) CONSTRUCTION (Not less than 3 nor more than 10 Business Days) DEMOLITION (Not less than 3 nor more than 10 Business Days) WORKSITE INFORMATION: COUNTY: MUNICIPALITY: WARD: STREET ADDRESS: STREET NAME: NEAREST INTERSECTION: WORKING BETWEEN 2 INTERSECTIONS YES NO SECOND INTERSECTION/NEAREST MAIN ROAD: SUBDIVISION: LATITUDE/LONGITUDE COORD.: WORKING IN: STREET SIDEWALK PUBLIC PROPERTY PRIVATE PROPERTY ( Front Rear Left Right) OTHER (SPECIFY) SITE MARKED IN WHITE: Yes No LOCATION INFORMATION:
TYPE OF WORK: DEPTH: EXTENT OF EXCAVATION: METHOD OF EXCAVATION: PROJECT OWNER: ONSITE CONTACT: ONSITE CONTACT PHONE:( ) EXT: BEST TIME TO CALL: ONSITE CONTACT EMAIL: SCHEDULED EXCAVATION DATE: TIME: DURATION OF JOB: JOB #: PENNDOT CONTRACT/PERMIT #: REMARKS:
MEETING REQUEST NUMBER (if applicable) TO BE COMPLETED AFTER PLACING ONE CALL LAWFUL START DATES: THROUGH OTHER SERIAL NUMBERS REFERENCED: FACILITY OWNER MEMBERS NOTIFIED:
SERIAL NUMBER ASSIGNED: DATE/TIME: THERE IS AN ANNUAL FEE PLEASE DO NOT FAX THIS FORM TO POCS *if provided you will be emailed a copy of your Notification as delivered to the Members.
XXXII EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 2021 ISSUE NUMBER
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8 IG -1 D -1 B OU EFORE Y Pennsylvania SPECIAL Readership Survey PENNSYLVANIA EDITION The Excavation Safety Guide, a reference tool designed to assist readers throughout the year, contains articles that are focused on industry trends and technologies, as well as providing access to important contact informa- 2021 tion and resources in one easily accessible location. Your comments and suggestions are invaluable in helping us to continue producing a high-quality publication that has become a valued industry resource.
How would you rate the overall value of this publication? (Check one)
ISSU E N UMB ER
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8 IG -1 D -1 B OU EFORE Y Pennsylvania SPECIAL Readership Survey PENNSYLVANIA EDITION q The Excavation Safety Guide, a reference tool designed to assist readers Excellent throughout the year, contains articles that are focused on industry trends and technologies, as well as providing access to important contact informa- 2021 tion and resources in one easily accessible location. Your comments and suggestions are invaluable in helping us to continue producing a high-quality publication that has become a valued industry resource.
How would you rate the overall value of this publication? (Check one)
ISSUE N UMBER S Saving Lives through Education for 19 Years IXTEEN
FEATU CURRE RING NT PRA TECHN CTICES OLOGICA & FROM L INSI INDUST GHTS RY LEA Readership Survey DERS! q The Excavation Safety Guide, a reference tool designed to assist readers Excellent throughout the year, contains articles that are focused on industry trends and technologies, as well as providing access to important contact informa- 2021 tion and resources in one easily accessible location. Your comments and suggestions are invaluable in helping us to continue producing a high-quality publication that has become a valued industry resource.
How would you rate the overall value of this publication? (Check one)
Readership Survey q The Excavation Safety Guide, a reference tool designed to assist readers Excellent throughout the year, contains articles that are focused on industry trends Damage Prevention & Excavation Safety on a Global Scale and technologies, as well as providing access to important contact informa- 2 tion and resources in one easily accessible location. Your comments and 01 suggestions are invaluable in helping us to continue producing a high-quality 9 publication that has become a valued industry resource.
How would you rate the overall value of this publication? (Check one) q Excellent q Very Good q Average q q Very Good Poor q How useful are the articles? (Check one) q Extremely q Very Complete this sentence: Featuring unrivaled education and networking opportunities, the 2022 Excavation q Somewhat The Excavation Safety Guide is valuable to q Not at all me because How helpful is the Resource Directory? After completing this survey, (Check one) Very Good q Extremely A topic I would like to learn more about in the q Average q Very Excavation Safety Guide is q Somewhat q Not at all
Is this publication something you refer to all THANK YOU Safety Conference returns LIVE to Phoenix for the industry's biggest damage prevention event! year long? q Yes q No snap a pic and email it to
How did you obtain your Excavation Safety Guide? q q Employer Poor q One Call Center q Purchased from website q Other [email protected] To order additional copies of this Excavation Safety Guide, q visit www.ExcavationSafetyGuide.com.Bulk Discounts Available. Benefits of attending: You can also complete this survey How useful are the articles? (Check one) online at dp-pro.com/survey. • 80+ education sessions across all • Join in daily networking activities q Extremely stakeholder groups • Act as an advocate for your entire q Very Complete this sentence: • Engage in peer-to-peer exchanges work group by bringing what q Somewhat The Excavation Safety Guide is valuable to during sessions you’ve learned back to the office q Not at all me because • Participate in panel discussions • Over 100 exhibitors make this a one- After completing this survey, and industry summits stop- shop to learn about advancing Very Good • Expand your areas of expertise by technologies and tools that are How helpful is the Resource Directory? q Average attending a session on a new topic redefining the industry (Check one) q Extremely A topic I would like to learn more about in the “This conference is awesome guys! If you are in this industry, either utility, locator, q Very Excavation Safety Guide is or excavator and you are not here, then you are in the wrong place.” q Somewhat - Jimmy Jennings – One Call Concepts, Inc. – 7 time attendee q Not at all
Is this publication something you refer to all GlobalExcavationSafetyConference.com THANK YOU for taking the time to participate in this snap a pic and email it to year long? survey! Survey responses received by June 1, 2021 will be q Yes q No entered into a drawing for a $100 gift card. Sign up for event updates Your Name: Submit session ideas How did you obtain your Excavation Safety q Job Title/Description: Poor Guide? Become an exhibitor or sponsor q Employer Contact me by: q One Call Center q Phone Owned & Produced by q Purchased from website q Email [email protected] March 1-3, 2022 | Phoenix, Arizona q Other Saving Lives through Education
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 59 You can also complete this survey How useful are the articles? (Check one) online at dp-pro.com/survey. q Extremely q Very Complete this sentence: q Somewhat The Excavation Safety Guide is valuable to q Not at all me because After completing this survey, q How helpful is the Resource Directory? Average (Check one) q Extremely A topic I would like to learn more about in the q Very Excavation Safety Guide is q Somewhat q Not at all
Is this publication something you refer to all THANK YOU for taking the time to participate in this snap a pic and email it to year long? survey! Survey responses received by June 1, 2021 will be q Yes q No entered into a drawing for a $100 gift card. Your Name: How did you obtain your Excavation Safety q Job Title/Description: Poor Guide? q Employer Contact me by: q One Call Center q Phone q Purchased from website q Email [email protected] q Other
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 59 You can also complete this survey How useful are the articles? (Check one) online at dp-pro.com/survey. q Extremely q Very Complete this sentence: q Somewhat The Excavation Safety Guide is valuable to q Not at all me because
How helpful is the Resource Directory? (Check one) q Extremely A topic I would like to learn more about in the q Very Excavation Safety Guide is q Somewhat q Not at all
Is this publication something you refer to all THANK YOU for taking the time to participate in this year long? survey! Survey responses received by June 1, 2021 will be q Yes q No entered into a drawing for a $100 gift card. Your Name: How did you obtain your Excavation Safety Guide? Job Title/Description: q Employer Contact me by: q One Call Center q Phone q Purchased from website q q Other Email
2021 EXCAVATIONSAFETYGUIDE.COM 59 Pennsylvania One Call System, Inc. 925 Irwin Run Road
West Mifflin PA 15122
D ! I A IG L D
8- U 1-1 YO CONTACT US BEFORE Pennsylvania
CONTACT PHONE EMAIL Call Before You Dig Dial 8-1-1 or 1-800-242-1776 outside of PA KARL System 1-800-222-6470 POCS Administrative Offices 1-800-248-1786 [email protected] Administrative Fax 1-412-464-7104 800-248-1786 Member Services 1-412-464-7168 [email protected] Education 1-412-464-7136 www.paonecall.org/Events Bill Kiger, President and CEO 1-412-464-7111 [email protected] Norm Parrish, Manager - Education 1-484-366-6647 [email protected] Greg Danks, Damage Prevention Liaison (Southeast) 1-215-834-2069 [email protected] Jim Reynolds, Damage Prevention Liaison (Southeast) 1-215-859-2868 [email protected] Ryan Parrish, Damage Prevention Liaison (Southeast) 1-610-906-5137 [email protected] Kevin Goldblum, Damage Prevention Liaison (Central) 1-717-487-0797 [email protected] Jim Larkin, Damage Prevention Liaison (Central) 1-717-602-5976 [email protected] Marcos Bernal, Senior Damage Prevention Liaison (Southwest) 1-412-464-7113 [email protected] Erika Dominick, Damage Prevention Liaison (South Central) 1-814-615-7047 [email protected] Maria White, Damage Prevention Liaison (Northeast) 1-570-954-3545 [email protected] Mark Lipka, Damage Prevention Liaison (North Central) 1-570-939-7042 [email protected] Kirk Kirkpatrick, Damage Prevention Liaison (Northwest) 1-814-572-8113 [email protected] Visit www.pa1call.org/Events to view our scheduled trainings and register!