New Genera and New Generic Synonymy in Scolytidae (Coleoptera)

Great Basin Naturalist

Volume 40 Number 1 Article 9

3-31-1980

New genera and new generic synonymy in Scolytidae (Coleoptera)

Stephen L. Wood Brigham Young University

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Recommended Citation Wood, Stephen L. (1980) "New genera and new generic synonymy in Scolytidae (Coleoptera)," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 40 : No. 1 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol40/iss1/9

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. NEW GENERA AND NEW GENERIC SYNONYMY IN SCOLYTIDAE (COLEOPTERA)

Steplieii L. Wood'

Abstract.— New generic synonymy in the world fauna of Scolytidae includes: Acanthotomictis Blandford = = { Isophthorus Schcdl), Acranttt.s Broun { Chaetophorotis Fuchs, Chaetopteliiis Fuchs), Cosmudercs Eichhoff = Schedl), = = { Erioschiilia.s Ernoporicus Berger ( Ernopoceius Balachowsky), Ernoporus Thomson { Euptiliits Schcdl),

Hyliirdri'ctonii,s Schedl ( = .\'(//og(>/JHiw,y Schedl), Ozopanon Hagedorn {Dnjocoetiops Schedl), Scolijtogenes Eichhoff

( = Cnjpliahmiorplius Schauhiss). Stepluinopodius Schedl {^Crijphdloniinictes Browne), and Xijlechintis Chapuis (^Sijuaina.'iinulus Nimberg). Genera new to science and their tvpe-species include: Anaxylchont.'i {Tomicits tnin- ccittis Erichson), Apoxi/lchorus (Xt/lcborus mancus Blandford), Crifphulogenes {Cri/pluilo^enes euphorbiae Wood), Er- nochidius {Cn/phahis corpulcntu.s Sampson), lladrodcniius (Xijlebonis globus Blandford), Leptoxt/lebonis (Phloeo- trootis sordicauda Motschulsky), Micropenis (Xijlebonis theae Eggers), Taphrodasus [Xijlebonis penorthi/liis Schedl), and Taiirodemiis (Xijlebonis sharpi Blandford). The new name Hijliirdn'ctoniis corticiiiiis is presented to replace H. araiicariae (Schedl 1972). Dnjocoetes coffeae Eggers is transferred to Eiilepiops. The following genera are treated in a revised context: Cn/togeniiis. Dnjocoetes, Eiilepiops, Enioporiciis, Enwponis, Xijlebonis, and Xylechinus. Cnjphalo- genes euphorbiae and C. exiguus (Sri Lanka) are named as new to science.

In a review of the genera of Scolytidae in (Schedl 1972). The species Cryphalogenes eu- the world fauna, several problems that relate phorbiae and C. exiguus (Sri Lanka) are to synonymy were encountered. The new named as new to science. svnonvmv listed in the above abstract is re- ported here in order that names might be used in their new context before the generic Acanthotornicus Blandford revision is completed. In addition, several genera are treated in a sense somewhat dif- Acanthotornicus Blandford, 1894, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lon- ferent from the traditional. The basis for don 1894:89 (Type-species: Acanthotornicus spin- osus Blandford, monobasic) these departures is established. The genera Isophthorus Schedl, 1938, Archiv Naturgesch. 7(2): 173 are treated alphabetically for convenience of (Type-species: Isophthorus quadrituberculatus reference. They include representatives from Schedl, present designation). .Vpir synonymy the subfamily Hylesininae, tribe Tomicini In the original description of Isophthorus {Acmntiis, Hyhirdrectonus, Xylechinus) and Schedl, two .species were definitely included from the subfamily Scolytinae, the tribes and a third species was doubtful, but a type- Ipini {Acanthotornicus), Dryocoetini {Cijrto- species was never designated. Since then, genitis, Eulepiops, Ozopemon), Xyleborini Schedl has transferred all three species else- (Xyleborus), and Cryphalini {Cosmoderes, Er- where. To anchor the generic name, Isoph-

noporictis, Ernoporus, Scolytogenes, Steph- thorus quadritidierculatus Schedl is here des- anopodius). Nine new genera represent the ignated as the type-species of Isophthorus. tribes Xyleborini {Anoxyleborus, Apoxyle- Because this species and Myeloborus bico- borus, Hadrodcmius, Leptoxyleborus, Micro- nicus Schedl have been transferred to Acan- perns, TapJirodasus, Taurodemus) and thotornicus and the unrelated, doubtfiil spe- Cryphalini (Cryphalogenes, Ernocladius). cies, Pityophthorus heteae Hagedorn, has Xylechinosomus Schedl is removed from syn- been transferred to Cryptocarenus, the fix- onymy with Pteleobius. The new name Hy- ation of a type-species requires that Isoph-

hirdrectonus corticinus is presented to re- fliorus be placed in .synonymy under Acan- place the junior homonym H. araucariae thotornicus.

'Life Science Museum and Department of Zoology. Brigham Young University. Provo. Utah 84602. Scolytidae contribution number 69.

89 90 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 40, No. 1

Acrantus Broun Acrantus includes mundulus and vestitus,

cited above, and most if not all of the species Hfliminis Broun, 1881, Manual of New Zealand Coleop- from New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea, tera 2:720 (Tvpe-species: Homanis inunduliis Broim, monobasic). Preoccupied and neighboring areas placed by Schedl in Acrantus Broun, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)9:409. Leperisinus and Xijlechinus. Replacement name Chaetophorus Fuchs, 1912, Morphologische studien iiber

Borkenkafer, II. die europiiischen Hyiesinen, p. Anaxyleborus, n. gen. 46 (Tvpe-species: Hylesiniis vestitus Mulsant 6c Re\', monobasic). Preoccupied This genus is distinguished from Eii- Clwetoptelius Fuchs, 191.3, in Reitter, Wiener Eut. Zeit. wallacea Hopkins and allied genera by the .32(Beiheft):4.3. {Replacement name). Xeic synon- truncate, concave elytral declivity which has !/'"!/ a complete, .sharply elevated, circum- The names Acrantus Broun and Chaetop- declivital costa from base to apex. The discal telitis Fuchs have been treated as synonyms interstrial punctures are uniseriate; in the su- of Pteleobius Bedel (Schedl 1963:262) and perficially similar Apoxijleborus they are con- Pseudohijlesinus Swaine (Schedl 1966:75), re- fused. spectively. However, in a review of the char- Description.— Antennal club with one su- acters of the type-species of these genera, it ture visible on posterior face, anterior face was demonstrated (Wood 1978) that Pte- with segment 1 corneous, 2 conspicuous, leobius must be placed in the tribe Hylesinini sometimes rather large. Procoxae contiguous. and that Chaetopteliiis and Pseudohijlesinus Protibia armed by more than 11 socketed belong in the tribe Tomicini. For that study, teeth. Declivity and discal punctures on in- Schedl's (1963:262) placement of Acrantus terstriae as described in above diagnosis. was not challenged. Type-species: Tomicus truncatus Erichson. In a subsequent review of the genera of Species assigned previously to the Xijle- Tomicini, di.ssection demonstrated that Ho- borus truncatus group belong here. marus mundulus Broun, type-species of Acr- antus, clearly belongs to the Tomicini and is quite unrelated to Pteleobius. Furthermore, Apoxyleborus, n. gen. Pseudohijlesinus totally lacks pronotal asperities, it has three distinct sutures on the an- This genus is distinguished from Tauro- tennal club, and the male frons is not noticea- demus by the presence of only four to seven bly impres.sed. Acrantus, Chaetopteliiis, and socketed teeth on the protibia, by the Xijlechinosomus all have numerous pronotal obliquely truncate elytral declivity, with an asperities, two or four poorly marked sutures abrupt (not acute) circumdeclivital costa, and on the antennal club, and the male frons the face flat to weakly concave. It is distin- strongly impressed and, thus, form a group gui-shed from the superficially similar Ana- quite distinct from Pseudohijlesinus. Xijle- xyleborus by the rather widely separated pro- chinosomus, which Schedl (1966:75) also coxae, by the strongly confused interstrial placed in synonymy with Pteleobius, has the punctures on the disc, and by the less dis- antennal club less elongate, less strongly tinctly concave elytral declivity. compressed, and (apparently) with four ob- Description.— Body stouter than 1.9 times •scure sutures and the frontal rectangle much as long as wide. Antennal club with .segment more elongate. Acrantus and Chaetopteliiis 1 corneous, with no sutures evident on poste- have the antennal club more elongate, rior face, apical margin of segment 1 on ante- strongly flattened, and marked by two su- rior face acutely elevated into a continuous tures and the frontal rectangle comparatively co-sta forming a complete circle. Procoxae broad. Biological differences also support the moderately separated. Protibia armed by four continued recognition of Xijlechino.wmus. to seven socketed teeth. Elytral disc with in- However, I can find no characters that sepa- terstrial punctures strongly confused, declivi- rate Acrantus and Chaetoptelius. For this rea- ty as described in above diagnosis. son, Chaetoptelius is placed in synonvmv un- Tvpe-species: Xijleborus mancus Bland- der Acrantus, as indicated above. ford. March 1980 Wood: American Bark Beetles 91

Species assigned previously to the Xyle- margins marked by a fine, raised line; ante- bonis mancus group belong here. rior slope asperate, anterior margin armed by low, poorly formed serrations. Elytral punctures largely replaced by rows of rounded Cosmoderes Eichhoff strial and interstrial granules; vestiture of

Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878, preprint of Mem. Soc. Roy. rows of -Strial hair and interstrial scales. Pro- Sci. Liege (2)8:49.5 (Type-species: Cosmoderes tibia armed by four socketed teeth. Venter of moiiilUcollis Eichhoff, monobasic) abdomen horizontal. Sexes subequal in size. Erioschidias Schedl, 1938, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austraha Type-species: Cryphalogenes euphorbiae 62:42 (Type-species: Crijphalus sctistriattis L^a, subsequent designation by Wood, 1960, Insects of Wood. Micronesia 18(1):21). New sijnoiuit)nj The Beeson Collection at the Forest Re- Cryphalogenes euphorbiae, n. sp. search Institute, Dehra Dim, India, contains series of three species that were placed by This species is distinguished from exiguus Beeson in Cosmoderes. One, from Samsingh, Wood by the larger size, by the absence of Kalimpong, Bengal, is labeled monillicoUis reticulation of the pronotum (except in ex- Eichhoff; the other two bear manuscript treme lateral areas of some specimens), and names not yet validated. Beeson 's private by the comparatively .smaller pronotal and notes, of which two volumes treating Scoly- elytral granules. tidae are in my possession, contain no in- Male.— Length 1.2-1.4 mm, 2..3 times as dication under this name that he saw the long as wide; color dark brown. type of moniUicoUis. However, elsewhere in Frons broadly convex, very feebly so on his notes there are several indications that he longitudinal axis; surface largely reticulate, saw the Eichhoff Collection at Hamburg be- minute punctures moderately, uniformly fore it was destroyed during World War II. abundant, most of them feebly granulate. An- Blandford also saw the Eichhoff Collection, tennal club slightly longer than scape. but there is some doubt (Blandford 1894:86) Pronotum 1.0 times as long as wide; sides that he actually examined the type of mon- almost straight and parallel on basal third, illicoUis. rather broadly rounded in front; anterior Both the Beeson and Blandford specimens margin armed by about four to six irregular, are congeneric with Erioschidias Schedl. Bee- poorly formed serrations; summit near son's .specimens of monillicoUis match the dis- middle; anterior .slope rather coarsely aspe- tinctive characters of Eichhoff's description rate, punctured between asperities; posterior in every detail. It is, therefore, propo.sed that areas smooth, shining (except some reti- Erioschidias be placed in synonymy under culation present in extreme lateral areas of Eichhoff's name, as indicated above. some specimens), with close, moderately large, rounded granules, anterior slope of granule bearing a puncture (punctures Cryplialogenes, n. gen. each usually visible only when light source ceph-

This genus is distinguished from the closely alad). Vestiture of fine, .short, semirecumbent allied Scolytogenes Eichhoff by the 3-seg- hair. mented antennal funicle, by the antennal Elytra 1.3 times as long as wide, 1.4 times club with sutures 1 and 2 weakly procurved, as long as pronotum; .sides almost straight and marked by .setae, and 1 grooved and partly parallel on basal two-thirds, rather broadly .septate, and by tlie horizontal venter of the rounded behind; striae not impressed, each abdomen. puncture largely replaced by a large roimded Description.— Frons convex, not sexually granule as wide as striae, puncture confined dimorphic. Eye elongate-oval, entire. Anten- to posterior slope of each granule; interstriae nal scape elongate, simple; fimicle 3-seg- as wide as striae, .smooth, shining, punctures mented; club oval, a slight constriction and largely replaced by rounded granules of same

groove at suture 1, sutures 1 and 2 moder- size and shape as those of striae. Declivity

ately procurved, 1 partly septate at lea.st on steep, convex; sculpture as on disc. Vestiture lateral half. Pronotum with basal and lateral of rows of fine, short, strial hair and rows of Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 40, No. 1 92

paratypes were taken in Sri Lanka dur- erect interstrial scales, each scale slightly tional host, as shorter than distance between rows, spaced ing 1975 from the same by me, fol- 17-VI; within a row by length of scale, each four to lows: 13 at 24 km SE Puttalam, 5 at 5 Naula, 14-VI; 4 at 48 km N Naula, 14- six times as long as wide on disc, two to four km SE times on declivity. VI. The specimens were taken in indepen- Female — Similar to male in all respects. dent galleries in the same stems with eu- Type locality- Thirty km southeast of pliorbiae. Puttalam, Sri Lanka (Ceylon). The holotype, allotype, and half the para- Type material— The male holotype, fe- types are in the U.S. National Museum. The male allotype, and 34 paratypes were taken remaining paratypes are in my collection. at the type locality on 18-VI-1975, No. 214, from Euphorbia antiquonim, by me; 28 para- bear the same data except they were types Cyrtogenius Strohmeyer taken 24 km SE Puttalam. Additional para- tvpes were taken in Sri Lanka as follows: 21 Ki/rtogcniits Strohmeyer, 1910, Ent. Blatt. 6:127 (Type- bicolor Strohmeyer, mon- at 5 km SE Naula, 14-VM975; 14 at 48 km species: Kijrtogeniiis obasic) N Naula, 14-VI-1975; 2 at 32 km N Haba- Ciirtooenius Strohmeyer, 1911, Ent. Bliitt. 7:116. Valid Kurunegala, rana, 12-VI-1975; 1 at 8 km SW emendation 13-VI-1975; and 1 at 11 km W Kikirawa, 19- Carposinus Hopkins, 1915, U.S. Dept. Agric. Rept. 99:9, VL1975; all from the same host and collec- 47 (Tvpe-species: Carposiniis pini Hopkins = Lepicenis nitidus Hagedorn, original designa- tor. tion) The holotype, allotype, and half the para- Orosiotes Niisima, 1917, Coll. Essays Y. Nawa, p. 1 types are in the U.S. National Museum. The (Type-species: Orosiotes kumatoensis Niisima, remaining paratypes are in my collection. monobasic) Metahylastes Eggers, 1922, Ent. Bliitt. 18:165 (Type-species: Metahijlastes africanus Eggers, monobasic) Pelicenis Eggers, 1923, Zool. Meded. Roy. Mus. Nat. Cryphalogenes exiguus, n. sp. Hist. Leyden 7:216 (Type-species: Lepicerus nitidus Hagedorn, original designation) This species is distinguished from eu- Taphrohorus Nunberg, 1961, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. phorhiae Wood by the smaller size, by the (13)3:617 (Type-species: Taphrohorus vaticae Nunberg, original designation) strongly reticulate pronotum, and by the comparatively larger pronotal and elytral granules. Much confusion exists in the literature rel- Male.— Length 0.8-1.0 mm, 2.2 times as ative to the identity of this tropical genus. It long as wide; color dark brown. is characterized by five socketed teeth on the Frons as in euphorbiae except more strong- lateral margin of the protibia, by the posteri- ly convex, granules smaller, less conspicuous. or face of the antennal club with only one su-

Antennal club with septum in suture 1 less ture, sutures on anterior face procurved, with apparent. the pubescence extending to the base, by the

Pronotum as in euphorbiae except reti- narrowly separated procoxae, and by the culate, shining, granules in posterior areas slightly elevated or armed posterolateral proportionately slightly larger. margin of the elytral declivity. Dryocoetes

Elytra as in euphorbiae except interstrial differs from it by the recurved suture 1 on scales averaging more slender, those on de- the antennal club, the pubescence never ex- clivity not less than four times as long as tending to the base, by the contiguous pro- wide. coxae, and by the rounded, unarmed, post-

Female.— Similar to male in all respects. erolateral margins of the elytral declivity. Type locality.— Thirty km southeast of Both genera are phloeophagous and have Puttalam, Sri Lanka (Ceylon). heterosanguineous polygenous breeding

Type material- The male holotype, fe- habits in which the male is subequal in size to male allotype, and 43 paratypes were taken the female and assists in the formation of new at the type locality on 18-VI-1975, No. 214, parental galleries. Both genera have been from Euphorbia antiquonim, by me. Addi- confused with Eulepiops (see below). March 1980 Wood: American Bark Beetles 93

Ernocladiiis, n. gen. Thom.son have been poorly known and erro- neously classified, largely due to the paucity closely This genus is distinguished from the of material for study. Following an exam- 3-seg- allied Ernoporus Thomson by the ination of the type-species of Ernoporicus, antennal funicle, by the uniseriate in- mented Eocryphalus, and Ernopocerus, it was con- vestiture al- terstrial setae (interstrial ground cluded that these three congeneric species disc, a setae sometimes ways absent on few have the ba.sal and lateral margins of the pro- the weakly pro- present on declivity), and by nottun rounded (without a fine, raised line), antennal curved (often obscure) sutures of the the procoxae narrowly separated, the eye club. short and entire, the antennal funicle 4-segmented, and the antennal club with the su- Description.— Frons dimorphic, moder- tures procurved and marked only by setae or atelv impressed in male, convex in female. obsolete (never septate). Ernoporus kanawhae Eye elongate-oval, entire. x\ntennal scape Hopkins of North American and E. fagi (Fab- elongate; funicle 3-segmented; club rather ricius) and a few species from A.sia also be- large, sutures weakly to moderately pro- long here. The genus Ernoporus is quite dif- curved, aseptate, marked by rows of setae, ferent, as indicated below. grooves present or not. Pronotum with basal margin marked by a fine, raised line, lateral margin rounded, without a raised line; asperities in concentric rows, their bases often Ernoporus Thomson contiguous or even reduced to a continuous Ernoporus Thomson, 1859, Skandinaviens Coleoptera costa. Elytra with basal margins rounded, Svnoptiskt Bearbitade, p. 147 (Type-species: Bos- strial punctures in rows, sculpture conserva- trichus tilkic Panzer, original designation) tive; vestiture of rows of minute strial hair Cryphalops Reitter, 1889, Wiener Ent. Zeit. 8:94 (Type- Reitter =Bostrichus and rows of erect interstrial scales, interstrial species; Cn/phalus lederi tiliae Panzer, monobasic) ground vestiture absent on disc, a few short Sfcphanorhopalus Hopkins, 1915, U.S. Dept. .\gric. setae in ground cover sometimes present on Rept. 99:35 (Type-species: Stephanorhopalus declivity. nulodori Hopkins, amended to melodori by Schedl, 1966, Ent. Abh. Mus. Dresden .35:19, Type-species: Cn/pJialus corptilentus original designation) Mitt. .Miincher Ent. Ges. .30:.590 Sampson. Euptilius Schedl, 1940, (Type-species: Ernoporus concentralis Eggers, species will be trans- Several additional original designation). New synonymy ferred to this genus as soon as their types can be examined. Schedl (1940:590) assigned Cry- Ernoporus Thomson has the basal and lat- phuhis corpulentus to Margadillius, apparent- eral margins of the pronotum marked by a ly without appreciating the significance of fine, rai.sed line, the procoxae contiguous, tlie emarginate eye or the fine, raised line on most pronotal asperities arranged in con- the lateral margin of the pronotum of Marga- centric rows, the antennal funicle 4-seg- dillius species. mented, the antennal club .sutures strongly procurved to obsolete, and the elytral vestiture abundant and conhused. Most of the .spe- Ernoporicus Berger cies occur in tropical .\sia except for tiliae, the type-species. In a review of the genera Ernoporicus Berger, 1917, Rev. Russc d'Ent. 16:242 belonging to this complex, it was found that (Tvpe-species: Ernoporicus spessivtzevi Berger, concentralis Eggers falls well with- monobasic) Ernoporus Eocnjphalm Kurentzov, 1941, Acad. Sci. USSR, Koma- in the range of variability for Ernoporus. Be- rov Sta. Sci., Orient, p. 230 (Type-species: Eocnj- cause concentralis is the type-species of Eu- pluilus seinenovi Kurentzov, monobasic) ptUius Schedl, it is, therefore, necessary to Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949, Fauna de France place Schedl's genus in synonymy as in- 5():211 (Type-species: Ernoporus caitcasicus Lind- structure of the pronotum emann, subsequent designation by Wood, 19.54, dicated above. The Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 36:986). Xinc sijnonyiny indicates that this genus is quite di.stinct from The complex of genera allied to Ernoporus Ernoporicus, as noted above. 94 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 40, No. 1

Eulepiops Schedl (1964a:213), and Xylogopinus araucariae Schedl indicates the absence of characters Eulepiops Schedl, 19.39, Fed. Malay St. Mus. 18{,3):344 J. that will separate these two genera. Con- (Tvpe-species: EiiUpiops glaber Schedl, mon- sequently, it is necessary to place Xylogo- oba.sic) pinus in synonymy under the older name as This genus has been confused with Cyrto- indicated above. This act creates homonymy genius Strohnieyer and Dnjocoetes Eichhoff. as indicated below. It differs by the protibia bearing only three socketed teeth on the lateral margin, by the Hylurdrectonus corticinus, new name posterior face of the antennal club with two anterior face with su- sutures indicated, the Xillogopinus araucariae Schedl, 1972, Papua New Guin- ture 1 straight to recurved and always on the 23:64 (Bulolo, ea Agric. J. Morobe Distr., New basal fourth. The male is either unknown or Guinea) dwarfed, deformed, flightless, and does not A long series of this species was collected participate in the formation of new parental near Bulolo and compared to the holotype galleries. Reproduction is either by con- and paratypes in the Forest Research Labora- sanguineous polygyny or possibly by some tory collection at Bulolo. As indicated above,

form of parthenogenesis. The habit is myelo- this species must be transferred to Hylurdrec- phagy for the only species observed. Dnjo- tonus. The transfer makes this species a jun- coetes coffeae Eggers and its allies belong to ior homonym of H. araucariae Schedl, 1964. this genus. Tlie new name Hylurdrectonus corticinus is proposed to replace H. araucariae (Schedl Hadrodemius, n. gen. 1972).

Leptoxyleborus, n. gen. This genus is distinguished from Eccoptop- tems Eichhoff by the tibiae being of normal This genus is distinguished from the allied size and all bearing socketed teeth, by the Theobortis Hopkins and Coptoborus Hopkins normal metatarsi (not compressed), the by by the declivity commencing anterior to the declivity being restricted to the posterior half middle of the elytra, its lower half broadly of the elytra, and by the convex to moder- impressed and either flat or shallowly con- ately impressed, unarmed elytral declivity. cave. If the discal interstrial punctures are Description.— Body very stout, less than uniseriate, then the declivital surface is den- 1.8 times as long as wide, usually black. An- sely covered by small, confused scales; if the tennal club with posterior face unmarked by declivital setae are hairlike, then the discal sutures, on anterior face costa marking apical interstrial punctures are confused. margin of corneous area usually forming a Description.— Antennal club with two su- complete ring. Scutellum visible only on an- tures indicated on posterior face, anterior terior declivous slope of elytral margins. De- face with segment 2 comparatively large, clivity and tibiae as described in above diag- sclerotized, convex, apical portion beyond nosis. segment 2 flat to concave. Protibiae and Type-species: Xylebarus globus Blandford. metatibiae each armed by six or seven sock- Members of the Xyleborus globus species eted teeth. Anterior coxae contiguous. Scutel- group should be referred here. lum visible. Declivity as described in above diagnosis. Hylurdrectonus Schedl Type-species: Phloeotrogus sordicauda Motschulsky. Hylurdrectomis Schedl, 1938, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. .'Vustra- Other species placed previously in the lia 62;4() (Type-species: Hylurdrectonus piniarius Schedl, monobasic) Xyleborus sordicauda group also belong here.

Xylogopinus Schedl, 1972, Papua New Guinea .\5;ric. J. 23:64 (Type-species: Xylogopinus araucariae Micropenis, n. gen. Schedl = Hylurdrectonus corticinus Wood, monobasic). New synonymy This genus is distinguished from Taphro- A review of long series of Hylurdrectonus dastis Wood by the convex elvtral declivity piniarius Schedl, H. araucariae Schedl tliat lacks a circumdeclivital costa, by the ab- March 1980 Wood: American Bark Beetles 95 sence of declivital scales, and by the strial parisons are not now possible; however, if it pimctures that are arranged in definite rows. is assumed that Eggers was correct in his ob- Description.— Body slender, at least two servations, then N. major and S. danvinii are times as long as wide, color yellowish or red- congeneric. My examination of the lectotype dish brown. Posterior face of antennal club of A', major and .syntypes of N. ater (type-spe- with at least one suture visible, apical margin cies of Negritus) demonstrates that these spe- of corneous area never costate. Scutellum not cies are congeneric; consequently, Negritus visible. Strial punctures usually in rows. De- must be a jimior synonym of Scolytogenes. clivity convex, variously sculptured, without Because N. major and A\ ater are also consid- a costa. ered congeneric with Cryplmlomorphus com- Type-species: Xyleborus theae Eggers. munis Schaufuss (type-species of Cryphalo- Members of the Xijleborus theae species morplius) (Schedl 1957:152), it must also be group should be referred here. The name Mi- concluded that Cryphalomorphus is a junior cropenis was originally coined by F. G. synonym of Scolytogenes. Browne for this group for use in an unpub- (Note added in press: The list of types in lished manuscript a decade ago. the Schedl Collection at the Vienna Museum, just received, includes the type of S. darwinii. It will be examined as soon as arrangements Ozopeinon Hagedorn can be completed.)

Ozopcmon Hagedorn, 1908, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. 1908:382 (Type-species: Ozopemon regius Hage- dorn, monobasic) Stephanopodius Schedl Dryocoetiops Schedl, 1957, Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Beige,

Tervairen, Ser. 8, Sci. Zool. .56:13 (Type-species; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. .34:.396 Ozopemon laevis Strohmeyer, monobasic). New (Type-species: Stephanoderes dispar Eggers, sub- sijnonymy sequent designation by Schedl, 1961, Rev. Ent. A series of Ozopemon laevis Strohmeyer Mozambique 4:6.33) Cryplwlomimus Browne, 1962, West .\frican Timber Bo- was compared to Eggers's series of this spe- rer Research Unit Rept. 5:75 (Type-species: Hy- cies and to representatives of eight species of pocryphahts ghanaensis Schedl. original designa- Ozopemon. Although the sculpturing of the tion) pronotum is somewhat unique for the genus, Cryphcdmomimetes Browne, 1963, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1.3)6:242 (Replacement name). Xcii synonymy this species appears to fall well within the Schedl gha- limits of variability for Ozopemon. For this When named Htjpocryphalus naensis and then later (Schedl 1964b:305) reason, Dryocoetiops is placed in synonymy as indicated above. transferred this species from Cryphalomi- metes back to Hypocnjphalus, he overlooked some very important characters. In this spe- Scolytogenes Eichhoff cies and in Stephanopodius, the basal margin of the pronotum bears a fine, raised line, but Scolytogenes Eichhoff. 1878, preprint of Mem Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege (2)8:475, 497 (Type-species: Scolyto- the lateral margin is rounded and lacks the genes danvinii Eichhoff. monobasic) fine, raised line of Hypocryphalus. In addi- Cryphcilomorphus Schaufnss, 1890 (1891), Tijdschr. Ent. tion, the antennal club is quite different from 34:12 (preprint 1890 by Martinus N'ijhoff, Hagg) Hypocryphalus. The species ghanaensis is (Type-species: Cryphahnurpbiis conimiinif: Schau- fnss, monobasic). \eiv synonymy congeneric with Stephanopodius dispar (Egg- Eggers (1929:53) examined the type-speci- ers) and, as indicated above, should be trans- mens of the type-species of Scolytogenes and ferred to that genus. Cryphalomimetes is, Lepicerus and compared them to the type- therefore, a .synonym of Stephanopodius specimens of Negritus major Eggers and A'. Schedl and not of Hypocryphalus Hopkins. minor Eggers. He concluded that N. major and N. minor Scoly- were congeneric with Taphrodasus, n. gen. todes danvinii Eichhoff. The holotype of S. darwinii apparently was lost when the Stettin This genus is distinguished from Micro-

Museum was damaged during World War II. penis Wood by the confused interstrial pimc- In the absence of that type, direct com- tures, by the presence of scales on the elytral Vol. No. 1 96 Great Basin Naturalist 40, declivity, and by the strongly concave decliv- more than 1400 nominate species, that is, vir- tually all the species in the tribe Xyleborini. ity that commences on the basal half of the However, the diversity of characters elytra and is marked on its lateral margins in and such a way as to form a blunt, elongate, cir- habits within this group suggests the exist- cumdeclivital costa. ence of several distinct clusters of species and Description.— Body slender, at least 2.0 species groups that could and should be char- times as long as wide, color reddish brown. acterized as genera. The difficulty in frag- Posterior face of antennal club with one su- menting the group piecemeal, as has been at- ture visible, apical margin of corneous area tempted by some workers, is that when one never costate. Scutellum not visible. Strial group is removed and elevated to generic punctures on disc confused. Declivity as de- rank, the remainder becomes unclassifiable scribed in above diagnosis. on a logical, phylogenetic basis. In order to Type-species: Xylehorus percorthylus remedy this situation, a classification is being Schedl. composed, based on such constant features as the location of mycetangia, structure of the antennal club, form and armature of the Taurodemus, n. gen. tibiae, characters of the scutellum, and many

other features. A deliberate effort is being This genus is distinguished from Xijleborus Eichhoff by the moderately to rather widely made to avoid use of adaptive characters separated procoxae, by the rather stout body, such as the surface sculpturing of the pro- by the presence of 9 to 12 socketed protibial notum and elytra. teeth, and by the distinctive sculpture of the Tentatively, 27 groups are being given ge- sulcate elytral declivity. neric status within the Xyleborini. Those de- Description.— Body stout, less than 1.9 scribed previously include: Ambrosiodmus = times as long as wide. Antennal club with { Browneia, Phloeotrogus), Arixyleborus {=Xyleboricus), = segment 1 corneous, without any sutures evi- Cnestus { Tosaxyleborus), = dent on posterior face, apical margin of seg- Coptoborus { Streptocranus), Cryptoxyle- borus, = ment 1 on anterior face acutely elevated into Dryocoetoides, Eccoptoptcrus { Eu- a continuous costa forming a complete circle. rydactylus, Platydactylus), Euwallacea, Ka- Procoxae moderately to rather widely sepa- lantanius, Mesoscolytus, Notoxyleborus, = rated. Protibia armed by 9 to 12 socketed Premnobius { Prernnophilus), Pseudoxyle- teeth. Elytral declivity moderately to very borus, Sampsonius, Schedlia, Theoborus, strongly sulcate on at least basal half, lateral Webbia { = Prowebbia, Pseudowebbia, Xely- margins armed by at least one major spine borus), Xyleborinus, Xyleborus {=Anaeritus, and several smaller tubercles. Anisandrus, Boroxylon, Bufonus, Coptodryas, Type-species: Xijleborus sharpi Blandford. Cyclorhipidion, Heteroborips, Phloeotrogus, The following species are transferred from Progenius, Terminalinus, Xyleborips), and Xylehorus to Taurodemus: bicornutus Wood, Xylosandrus. The above is mentioned to es- ebenus Wood, (Bostrichus) flavipes Fabricius, tablish a context into which the seven genera godmani Blandford, pandulus Wood, {Am- in this tribe, described in this article, can fit. phic(iranus) perebeae Ferrari, salvini Bland- The seven include: Anaxyleborus, Apoxylc- ford, sanguinicollis Blandford, sharpi Bland- borus, Hadrodemius, Leptoxyleborus, Micro- ford, splendidus Schaufuss, (Bostrichus) penis, Taphrodasus, and Taurodemus. varians Fabricius, and varus Wood. Xylechinus Chapuis

Xyleborus Eichhoff Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869, Synopsis des Scolvtides, p. 36 (Type-species: Dcndroctontis pilosiis Knoch) Xijleborus Eichhoff, 1864, Berliner Ent. Zeitschr. 8:37 Squamasinuhis Nunberg, 1964, Ann. Hist. -Nat. Mus. (Type-species: Bostrichus monographus Fabricius, Nat. Hungarici, Pars Zool. 56:431 (Type-species: subsequent designation bv Hopkins. 1914, Proc. S(iu(im(isinulus chiliensis Nunberg, original desig- U.S. Nat. Mus. 48:131) nation). New synonymy The genus Xyleborus Eichhoff, as inter- When the holotype of Squamasinuhis chi- preted in recent years by Schedl, contains liensis Nunberg and several allied species March 1980 Wood: American Bark Beetles 97

from South American were examined, no Ent. Soc. London, pp. 53-14L Eggers, H. 1929. Zvir Synonymic der Borkeiikafer characters could be found that distinguish (Ipidae, Col.). Wiener Ent. Zeit. 46:41-55. this genus from Xylechinus Chapuis. As Sc;hedl, K. E. 1940. Zur Einteilung und Synonvmie der nearly as can be determined at the present Cryphalinae (Col. Scoivt.). Mitt. Miichner Ent. time, the genus Xylechinus consists of 14 Ges. .30:583-591. Central and South American, 2 North Ameri- 1957. Bark- and timber-beetles from South .Af- rica. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hi.st. (12)10:149-159. can, 5 Asian, and 1 European species. Schedl 1963. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer IX. Ent. has referred four New Guinean and Austra- Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 28:257-268. lian species to this genus, all of which appar- 1964a. On some Coleoptera of economic impor- ently should be transferred to Acrantus. One tance from New Guinea and Australia. Pacific In- sects 6:211-214. African species placed in Xijlechinus by 1964b. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer XV. Rei- Schedl apparently belongs elsewhere. chenbachia 3:303-317. 1966. Neotropi.sche Scolytoidea VIII. Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 17:74-128. Literature Cited Wood, S. L. 1978. A reclassification of the subfamihes and tribes of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Ann. Soc. Blandford, W. F. H. 1894. The Rhynochophorous Co- Ent. France (N.S.).' 14:95-122. leoptera of Japan. Part III. Scolytidae. Trans.