“Seen but Not Heard”

MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH ‘LAMN’ – LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD”

MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM

IN ASSOCIATION WITH LAMN (LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK) “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD”

AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council

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Each little flower that opens, Each little bird All things bright and beautiful, All creatures great and small, All things wise and wonderful, The Lord Godod made them all. Each little flower that opens, Each little bird h Each little flower that opens, Each little bird a t

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Dept. of Arts, Sport and Tourism e

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Donal McEnroe y l b y

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National Library of Ireland h n s d u

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St. Patrick’s National School, Galway e d h e T r

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These recollections capture a period in our history of innocence and carelessness. The exhibition recalls a brief moment in all our childhoods. A fleeting memory of a school day long forgotten, a sporting epic fostered in the newly mown grass, the reverential hush of a Sunday Mass ritual. Thoughts and memories are invoked here, providing a unique opportunity to glimpse the childhood that your parents, grandparents and great- grandparents enjoyed. These vivid experiences now passed on to the next generation through story, verse and poem. Time too is afforded for the thoughts and recollections of a younger generation. Those who have witnessed the onset of technology, the passage of the imposition of order from the State and the religious. It spans the history of a time free from electronics and gadgets, when imagination stemmed from necessity, to a period where technology reigns supreme.

The last 100 years have seen significant changes in the roles and responsibilities of Ireland’s children. The childhood of the past was for many filled with innocent times, when respect for your elders and an expectation to help with daily tasks exercised discipline and values. As we recall memories of playing outside until bed-time, perennial sunny summers, the independence afforded by a bicycle, the wealth of a coin in your pocket, we reflect now on perceivably tougher times for children of the 21st century.

Is iomaí athrú atá tagtha ar shaol an pháiste in Éirinn le céad bliain anuas, ó thaobh róil agus freagrachtaí de. San am atá thart bhí saol an pháiste saor ó bhrú agus ó chur isteach ón saol mór i gcás mórchuid de mhuintir na hÉireann. Inniu bíonn ar pháistí fás suas níos tapúla ná riamh agus ciallaíonn sin nach mbíonn teacht acu ar chuid de na pléisiúir neamhurchóideacha a bhí ag páistí fadó in Éirinn.

With increased pressures academically and socially, children today are being forced perhaps to mature faster than those generations before them. A younger society moving at a quicker pace confronted with the internet, mobile phones and a latch-key lifestyle has seen our youth lose some of the innocence that was once a part of being a child of Ireland. Although we may not share the same childhood experiences as our forefathers, we do have one common link; we were, are and will continue to be children.

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH ‘LAMN’ – LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK nding ewing and me ’d have to do s 04 “We mother would like that. My and things the flour “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD” ets. You’d get made the she il have well, then bo en wash them bags and th w them g and then se and everythin them ake sheets. her and then m For most people, reminiscing about their childhood all toget ere” ely too they w They were lov days recalls happy carefree times where family, friends and play seemed to be primary recollections. Sayings s to “We didn’t know what it wa THE GOOD wn once a such as ‘youth is wasted on the young’ suggest that travel. If you got to leave to a big day we hold these times fondly in our hearts. Thankfully year, once a month, it was o travel all for us. Today children get t OLD DAYS! most of us grew up in a safe, secure society where ’t mean over the world and it doesn authority was enforced by the occasional slap of an travel to anything. It’s no big deal to ouldn’t adult’s hand or ruler. Australia or America. We w ve coped with that” ha For some, however, childhood was a time when strict punishment either at home, school or an institution contributed to the recollection of lasting memories of fear, anxiety and neglect. It may well be that a not so happy childhood forced some to grow up too quickly, to abandon their childhood innocence and carry with them into adulthood anger, bitterness and distrust. Thankfully though, for most of us, our childhoods are richly blessed with memories of pocket money spent on penny sweets, of playing simple games and endless holidays spent outdoors. e weeks away in th for did not mean two to be so tight “Holidays to local r shoes used ant day trips away “You to come to sun. It usually me children used emselves were a you. A load of ord esorts, which in th s, couldn’t aff seaside r l with no shoe of simpler times” schoo hildren to reflection s nothing for c shoes. It wa or with no shoes time you would e into school “In the winter com ted it” ith erybody accep unscrew that and fill it up w coat. Ev t in hot water, you could put tha your bed and your feet were uldn’t lovely and warm but you co e it put your feet near it becaus would roast you”

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH ‘LAMN’ – LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK 05 hands that “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD” es. But on the , very hard on “Slaps ere was worse got. I’d say th about all we r put was on the hand o an that, slaps punishment th , frozen” out in the hall “I remember poor Mam; as soon as January came in she’d start saving for Christmas and there were a couple of toy shops in the town, and you had a little card and you’d go and pay half a crown or whatever because you had six children. I remember a blackboard and chalk and that would be a dream, or you would get a doll. I mean we were easily pleased” g ike goin g was l mornin ot a h. Every te you g the trut were la ell you if you n came ol, I’ll t m times s. I ofte ed scho ters the knuckle your “I hat he mas ss the plain to n and t or acro n’t com ” to priso hands u could e got it p on the but yo n’t hav er stra y hands u would leath rs on m ed it yo bliste deserv me with nly you atá ag ho d say, o ar sin er, she’ í cinn m h ar moth chuimhn aitheam í droch- giní a ch s s le Dia, n í ar phin sráid agu Buíocha cuimhn e ar an t oine, ach le caird mhór da lí a imirt for ichí simp spéir. eáin, clu uigh faoi mhils fada am a saoire laethant hen go but w g time a as a lon Mercy “It w t by the g taugh as bein ld nun I w er this o ememb uns, I r amboo n arry a b sed to c lass who u nfants c taught i e. She e was a can rned sh oon lea nd we s se she a y becau old lad gentle d slappe r hit or e neve used th he just yone, s k” an her bac scratch cane to

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH ‘LAMN’ – LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK 06 used that we a child o “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD” mber as t used t an reme gher tha “I c for Galla ery “ When I left school I was thirteen years roidery embroid do emb ave out to . They g ack and three months. I worked for Tommy Killeter ught it b come to you bro eks and bout 5 Slevin, a builder who lived in Ballybofey. two we We got a every weeks. ery two The wages weren’t big then either and the shed ev fini r it” ney shovel was a lot bigger than me” (25p) fo rned our mo shillings “We ea ad’s car, by washing D t a long a pound wen days. way in those as t least as far I didn’t like about school Well, a “Another thing hop and eople with he corner s were the upper class, the p t d money back” money. We thought they ha nly had anyway even though they o oney than we shops. But they had more m ps were had. These people with sho s. They always held up as example ing and always got away with anyth her’s pets and everything. They were teac ause they they got away with a lot bec ere poorer” were upper class and we w

lping a ome money he iding to earn s r one day dec ne it before “I remembe had never do s (potatoes). I mer pick spud h were really local far as picking wit the people I w hen I EARNING en though all over. W and ev I was so stiff ard work and o go it was really h did not want t nice, mother that I ght I told my d work t home that ni ew it was har go hed as she kn day, she laug YOUR KEEP! ck the next of me” ba till very proud but she was s

users – hanging tro 4 at the time) (I was only 1 ur. My er my first job d £2.50 an ho “I rememb and being pai in Shantalla, ever pay Farah factory l with my first in the ething specia e e to buy som years to com ther advised m njoy for many mo ld have and e ing that I wou ington Street. cket – someth Furey’s in Egl pa e and case in a snooker cu – I bought e and joy” It was my prid lin wanted 3, Bridget Car “When I was 1 for her in her ome and work me to c here. ool and went t se so I left sch hou She didn’t e farmhouse. I worked in th id Granny” pay me she pa

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND to a of eleven IN ASSOCIATION WITH ‘LAMN’ – LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK at the age . MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM m home with him hired fro x months “I was nearly si here r. I spent ol then. T cal farme g to scho 07 lo uch goin ou got up wasn’t m hours. Y There s working not “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD” h thing a ntil it was as no suc worked u w ning and n the mor y more” early i o work an possible t

alk home in k to pick fruit at 7am and w er we used to walk to Dulee “In the summ ings a day. Down on your late. We would earn 2 shill he evening which would be you taking t , picking fruit. If he caught ck and dirt, thinning turnips knees in the mu ke you a cup of tea. We cked. He wouldn’t even ma ew strawberries you’d be sa nd say, a f the eggs and go up to him a e the hens were and pinch used to go up wer ld be his eggs” boil that egg’, and they wou ‘my mother said would you EARNING YOUR KEEP! Unlike today where children have an opportunity to go to school, then college and even travel for a year or two, it was expected in the early part of the 20th century that all children “should earn their keep”. Working around the house, doing jobs for neighbours was seen as contributing your bit to your family, your food and your home. To be brought up on a farm meant more daily duties than most, with jobs such as drawing water, feeding animals, planting and picking crops, saving hay, very much a part of your growing up.

Children from middle class or wealthy families fared better. While some worked, they did so after their primary schooling was complete. Some young boys got work running deliveries for local shops or in factories. Others had apprenticeships with a builder or carpenter, both highly respected positions. Of course many boys and girls worked on farms on a seasonal basis. For many girls a working life with a local shop or factory, weaving, spinning, knitting or ‘in service’ beckoned until such time as they married.

Bhíodh saol an pháiste leagtha amach dó, a bheag nó a mhór, ag obair ar fheirm nó i ngnó a mhuintire i gcás na mbuachaillí agus i mbun oibre go dtí gur phós siad i gcás na gcailíní.

cause it was a “I loved school be he house way to get out of t only girl among because I was an ey were all seven brothers. Th to do SCHOOL DAYS ARE r than me. So I had younge as glad to get everything but I w ay from it all. to school to get aw o my head” THE BEST DAYS! Get a bit of peace t

The Twentieth century saw great changes in Many schools however were understaffed, with education. The Department of Education was classes which were too large, or else set up in 1924 and introduced a revised uneconomically small, buildings that were old syllabus. Children were taught religion, Irish, fashioned, and heating, lighting and sanitation, English, arithmetic, history, geography, music which were often totally inadequate. In 1963 and for girls, needlework. Extra subjects there were still 736 schools with one teacher included nature study, drawing, physical training, and 2,458 two teacher schools and despite cookery or laundry or domestic economy for increases in expenditure on school buildings girls and manual instruction for boys. many children were still taught in schools that dated from the 19th century. In 1922 the Constitution established Irish as the national language. By 1928 most subjects in primary school were taught through Irish.

I didn’t l school which local nationa up beside our me home at “I grew ters had to co elf and my sis the well like as mys aw water from . We had to dr e e to do chores further out th lunchtim kids who lived . I envied the ant that feed animals me which me or onger walk ho s they had a l ter school” country a ork so soon af ave to start w they did not h

the chool ional s in nat gg and ember with e “I rem chhall of the lun flasks ell of es and sm dwich think on san ovril. I oni p or b made en sou t have chick r mus n” mothe hildre yone’s their c ever ch for me lun the sa

r he teache ets from t tting swe as “Ge re Christm day befo n on the treat whe always a days was holi young” we were

“About a fifth of boys came to school barefooted even in the hardest of , mber Gaeilge d I reme winters boys with pale little faces eamh, Cork an t tí creid in west rf to hea im páis s, ceol e fifties onate tu dressed in tattered rags” ’fhogha , tíreola ool in th had to d o help D t, stair ural sch e year, ild had t hríoch nt to a r es in th very ch d rla, uim il. “I we rtain tim when e also ha Béa ilíní, fuá ily at ce ornings , and we na gca ach fam mber m outside e” i gcás e . I reme the yard the fir agus o ssrooms ol from settling llowed t the cla he scho lace and eren’t a rf into t he firep ut you w o w the tu ng out t school b t home t dra s cleani “I liked re kept a ake turn as we we ot of to t very day out on a l go e I missed he farm. work on t learning”

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH ‘LAMN’ – LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK 10 The Little toy dog is covered with dust, “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD” But sturdy and staunch he stands; The little toy soldier is red with rust, Thug an rince Gaelach, an ceol Gaelach, an amhránaíocht agus cuairteanna ar fheiseanna en they ar fud na tíre seans do chailíní agus do y’s Circus wh And his musket moulds in his hands. I went to Duff a “ used to have bhuachaillí a mbuanna a nochtadh don saol. llybofey. They came to Ba nd then Time was when the little dog was new, h the towns a cession thoug pro atinee in the uld go to the m And the soldier was passing fair; “During wint you wo get in. er we had large sn st sixpence to fri owfalls and all ou fternoon. It co ends from around r a un” every estate would It was good f And that was the time when our Little Boy Blue slide down gather and the ‘hilly field’ on lids of bins, planks wood and of Kissed them and put them there. large plastic bags” ARE YOU COMING OUT TO PLAY? There are so many levels of play and games to define our childhoods. From the simplicity of two jumpers making goal-posts to the organisation of a locally arranged community games; sport and play have formed an integral part of our childhoods. Do you recall hopscotch or donkey, skipping or stuck in the mud? Did you play football with an old can or chase a hula-hoop gone astray? Can you recall the hours spent with the Dandy or the Beano? The bruises obtained whilst jumping a stream, swinging from a tyre or climbing a tree are long forgotten, but perhaps not the location where these secret adventures occurred.

as young, night when I w of visitors at had d to have a lot came in and “We use . At night they d ceili makers even be a ey were calle d there might th day there, an be le chat of the sing and may the who e called out to ryone would b ian. We ing song. Eve n or an accord s a mouth orga ” ne would play ses you know someo g into the hou friends comin made a lot of

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH ‘LAMN’ – LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD” 11 were usually two films as the main pastime. There “The cinema w e “wee” ally a western was called th nightly and the 1st film usu The wooden seats called the usual admission price. picture. 10d was paid” h was the price we mostly the “crokers” were 4d whic

“Tiny T ell ears, how ber that the door b I loved thee “I remem you could k when I wa clock in the eep your C s seven, would ring at 10 o’ indys and ying Tiny Tea Teddy Bear I would be out pla rs was the s, morning and toy for me” l day, only coming with my friends al as dark” home because it w

These were the everyday activities that we remembered fondly but for most there were also more structured events. Sporting organisations such as the FAI (Football Association of Ireland), the IRFU (Irish Rugby and Football Union) and the GAA (Gaelic Athletic Association) have all contributed in the twentieth century in providing a strong local presence for sport in almost every part of the island of Ireland. Local clubs have always existed to support swimming, athletics, gymnastics and basketball. Similarly so, the Scouts and Guides Associations have been an outlet for our youth. For both girls and boys, Irish dancing, music, singing and participation at the various Feiseanna around the country provided an opportunity to showcase local and regional talents.

ectricity but it h, we had some el electricity as suc cted “Well there was no locally. That restri as only generated erful enough, it w playing cards wasn’t pow o storytelling and es in your house. S our lights and gam mes difficult” y ossible but someti and reading was p

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH ‘LAMN’ – LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK er and I ng, my sist re very you 12 hen we we d there was “W re a bath an “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD” have to sha it was to would whose turn ement over ays disagre bath” alw p end of the sit at the ta The health and welfare of Irish children and adults was largely a “Well there was an old cure, you say if you family and community matter in 1900. Medicine was quite had a sore throat and if you were wearing primitive and doctors did not exert a major influence on a woollen sock, you should take it off and “YOUR HEALTH IS put it around national health issues. Infectious diseases were common and your neck at night-time. Just suppose to cure it, a sore throat” deadly, with tuberculosis especially dangerous and rampant YOUR WEALTH” among young people. By 1913, however, reformers were Today, children’s health and wellbeing Ba ghnó don teaghlach agus don pobal trying to expand government is understood to be broader than áitiúil cúrsaí sláinte agus leasa idir pháistí involvement in health services and whether or not they are sick. It agus dhaoine fásta in Éirinn sa bhliain 1900. focus on maternal and child health, encompasses their living situation, In imeacht céad bliain rinneadh gnó poiblí including, for the first time, medical their diet, their social opportunities agus náisiúnta de shláinte páistí, cúram a thit inspection and treatment for all school and their family’s lifestyle. Over 100 ar an teaghlach agus ar an pobal áitiúil children. Reformers recognized the years, children’s health has amháin go dtí sin. link between children’s health and transformed from a private and local poverty, and targeted everything from matter to a public, national concern. milk supply to playgrounds to ensure children’s wellbeing. Health services in Ireland improved greatly in the 1940s-50s. A national effort brought tuberculosis and other infectious diseases under control, improved mother and baby services, and reduced maternal and infant mortality significantly. By the end of the 1950s, Ireland had a modern health service.

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND MONAGHAN COUNTY MUSEUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH ‘LAMN’ – LOCAL AUTHORITY MUSEUMS NETWORK 13 . It he moment cancer at t “SEEN BUT NOT HEARD” ething like nd three It was som ne family a as terrible. emember o time T.B. w mplaint. I r her. It was “In my dreadful co of each ot T.B. was a our months body” as a killer. he illness f ht to every w ily died of t a black nig s in the fam well it was “Medici boy to a family, ne: well we us .B. came in o ed to have ca dreadful. T il, you wouldn stor ’t remember th oil. Then at, castor if we got sick th and had a so ad to get roat, my moth re yone in those days h er would fill a at the time and ever with sal stocking “I was 8 t and heat it, a ld come to the school o nd put it aroun out and someone wou ur necks for to d their tonsils cure our sore us on what day There we throat. nts with each one of re no asprins and make arrangeme and no disprin e to the nothing like s, tal. Auntie Kay left m that. That tim re to attend the hospi propriet e no we we al lways a ary medicines went into the hospit ere was not a , but they wer to her work, nobody “While th all natu e door and went on ometimes the ral medicines you. Because octor on call s ” as allowed in to visit d eable lay ith you and no one w of a knowledg w s had to presence ” e hospital kids alway ore beneficial eren’t many beds in th midwife was m there w double up in the one bed” chool our e in Primary S “Whil ym ne up in the g class had to li the B.C.G., hall to receive eone would invariably som e panic faint and caus e line” throughout th

y ned to be in m friends happe ichever of my s would “Wh urday evening o’clock on Sat house at 7 d it or not” ether they like get a bath wh

FERN HILL by Dylan Thomas

Now  I s ng and ey unr the ale bghs A the n long  s ruing,  s lely, the hay And honred among xes and pheants by the gay h Abt the lting h and hay  the s s n, elds high  the h, the tus om the chimys,  s a Unr the w ma clds and hay  the het s long, e night abe the dingle ﬆry, And playing, lely and  ry In the n bn  and , Ti let  ha and climb And ﬁre n  s. I ran my he ys, ln in the heays  h es, And nightly unr the mple ﬆs My whes raced tgh the h high hay And honred among  I s ince  the ale tow As I re to slp the ow re being the fm ay, And nothing I ced, at my s blue a, that ti ows And once below a ti I ly had the s and leas A the mn long I hed, bleed among ﬆables, the nightjs In  h tuful turning  few and ch mning ngs Tra wh daies and bley ying wh the ricks, and the hs Bre the chen n and ln Down the ri  the windf light. hing into the dk. ow him t  ace.

And  I s n and cr, fams among the b And then to a, and the fm, li a nr whe Nothing I ced, in the lamb whe days, that ti wld ta  Abt the hay rd and nging  the fm s ho, Wh the w, co back, the ck on h shlr:  s  Up to the ow tond lt by the shaw  my hand, In the n that  ng once only, Shining,  s Adam and main, In the mn that  alys ring, Ti let  play and be e s gathed again N that riding to slp ln in the rcy  h a, And the n ew rnd that ry day. I shld he him fly wh the high fields And n and ln I s huntsman and hdsman, the cals So  muﬆ ha bn  the bth  the mple light And  to the fm er fled om the che land. Sang to my hn, the xes on the hs bd cle and cd, In the fit, iing place, the ebnd hs ing rm Oh  I s ng and ey in the rcy  h a, And the ath rang slowly Out  the whiying n ﬆable Ti held  n and ing In the peles  the hy ﬆreams. On to the fields  ae. gh I ng in my chai li the a.

CARLOW COUNTY COUNTY MUSEUM LIMERICK CITY MUSEUM , TIPPERARY SOUTH MUSEUM , DUNDALK Castle Lane, Nicholas COUNTY MUSEUM , Carlow Town Council, Jocelyn Street, Dundalk, Street, The Borstal, Emmet Street, Town Hall, Carlow County Louth Limerick Clonmel, Co Tipperary T: 059 913 1759 T: 042 T: 061 417826 T: 052 34455 9326578\9327056\9327057 LAMN – LOCAL AUTHORITY CAVAN COUNTY MAYO COUNTY MUSEUM , WATERFORD TREASURES , MUSEUMS’ NETWORK MUSEUM , DONEGAL COUNTY Arran Place, Ballina Civic The Granary, Merchants The Local Authority Museums Network is made up of the 13 museums around the Ballyjamesduff, MUSEUM , Offices, Ballina, County Quay, Waterford Republic of Ireland, which are funded by County Cavan High Road, Letterkenny, Mayo T: 051 304500 local authorities. Each museum is represented on this network by its T: 049 8544070 County Donegal Curator. These 13 people meet throughout T: 074 9124613 MONAGHAN COUNTY the year to discuss how best to promote and protect the cultural heritage and CLARE COUNTY MUSEUM , historical richness of their regions. It was MUSEUM , GALWAY CITY MUSEUM , 1-2, The Hill, Monaghan through the collaboration of this network together with funding received from the Arthur’s Row, Ennis, Spanish Arch, T: 047-82928 Heritage Council and the Department of County Clare Galway Arts, Sport and Tourism that this exhibition was made T: 065 6823382 T: 091 532 460

CORK PUBLIC MUSEUM , KERRY COUNTY Fitzgerald Park, MUSEUM , Mardyke, Cork Ashe Memorial Hall, Tralee, T: 021 4270679 County Kerry T: 066 7127777

Comhairle Contae Mhuineacháin Monaghan County Council AN EXHIBITION CELEBRATING 100 YEARS OF CHILDHOOD IN IRELAND