Downloaded from Nonfiction Orachunk

PRIVACY Protection n BORN DIGITAL Preservation n CLICK, CLICK Read

E-CONTENT SUPPLEMENT TO JUNE 2015

THE MAGAZINE OF THE AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION

DIGITAL FUTURES

ican Libr er ar m ie A s E-Content Supplement

J une 2015 IndieFlix o ers patrons unlimited streaming access to over 6,500 movies, from popular feature lms to critical favorites from lm festivals like Sundance, Cannes and Tribeca. is popular service delivers fantastic content for all movie lovers and free public-performance rights for all movies. Give your patrons free access to movies anywhere they have an Internet connection.

Go Stargazing with IndieFlix!

Brought to you by

www.recordedbooks.com/indieﬂ ix 877-828-2833 CONTENTS AMERICAN LIBRARIES | E-Content Supplement to June 2015 | ISSN 0002-9769

Features 14 ALA’S DCWG, EBOOKS, AND DIRECTIONS 4 Success brings new challenges BY CAROLYN ANTHONY 8 DIGITAL LIBRARY 2.0: CONTINUED EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE More disruption is on the horizon BY TIM MCCALL

BUILDING OUT THE BOOK NICHES 10 How small publishers and libraries can connect BY SHANNON OKEY

CLICK, CLICK, READ 14 Building a library-owned delivery channel for ebooks BY MICAH MAY AND JAMES ENGLISH 20 EMPOWERING LIBRARIES TO INNOVATE Knight Foundation challenges libraries to prototype 30 digital innovation BY LARRA CLARK 26 THE NATIONAL DIGITAL PLATFORM FOR LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS Collaborating on tools and services across organizations BY MAURA MARX AND TREVOR OWENS 26 PRESERVING THE BORN-DIGITAL RECORD 30 Many more questions than answers BY JAMES G. NEAL

TOWARD THE POST-PRIVACY LIBRARY? 34 Public policy and technical pragmatics of tracking and Commentary marketing BY ERIC HELLMAN 2 GUEST EDITORIAL Taking Action, Making Progress, 36 TRANSFORMING THE LIBRARY Moving Ahead PROFESSION BY ALAN S. INOUYE Recruiting librarianship’s best and brightest BY SARI FELDMAN AND HALLIE RICH

A POLICY REVOLUTION FOR DIGITAL 40 CONTENT Engaging decision makers and influencers BY VAILEY OEHLKE AND ALAN S. INOUYE

advertisers | page Recorded Books | Cover 2 • American Library Association American Libraries | Cover 4 • Booklist | 19, 29 • Conference Services | 25 • Graphics | 3 • Publishing | 39 2 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 information policy. more proactiveadvocacyfor communityneeds The library GUEST EDITORIALGUEST | Whatcanyoudotomoveourprofessionthis supplement. forward? makingprogress,andmovingahead—isthemain takeawayaction, from upgrading ALA’s capacityfor policyadvocacy. This theme—taking active engagementwithdecision makers andinfluencers, Revolution! initiativethatfocuses on anationalpublicpolicyagenda, (Oreg.) Library, andIprovideanupdateontheongoingPolicy information policy. Vailey Oehlke, directorof Multnomah County a newkindof professional totrulyengagecustomersinthefuture. County (Ohio)PublicLibrary’s Hallie Richfindthatlibrarieswillneed experience ispossible.ALAPresident-Elect SariFeldman andCuyahoga of Unglue.it, andthusamuchmorepowerfulbeneficialuser concludesEricHellmanway privacyinthedigitalageisconceptualized, important componentof Socialnetworksarechangingthe their mission. iflibrariesaretofulfillanof born-digital contentneedsattention University librarianemeritusJames Neal arguesthatthepreservation use of digitalcontentamonglibraries. IMLS, outlinethenationaldigitalplatform of resourcestopromotethe Library Services(IMLS),andTrevor Owens,aseniorprogramofficer at broadly, Maura Marx, actingdirectorof theInstitute of Museum and libraries asaplatform tobuildmoreknowledgeablecommunities.More Information Technology Policy, discussesprojectsthatwillleverage Incontent. deputydirectorof ALA’s herarticle,LarraClark, Office for integration of libraryservicesandresourcesfor ebooksandotherdigital many independentbookpublishers. librarians toconsiderthewin-winpossibilitiesinworkingwith whileCooperative PresspublisherShannonOkeydisruption, urges bigwaveforeducation market contentdistribution asthenext writesaboutthe former vicepresidentatPenguin GroupUSA, continuing workofALA’sDigitalContentWorkingGroup. Anthony, directorofSkokie(Ill.)PublicLibrary,outlinesthe strategic andlong-termissues.Inherarticle,Carolyn N The librarycommunityneedsmoreproactiveadvocacyfor Information policyisthethemeof thelastfour articles.Columbia ForChallenges andopportunitiesabound. example,Tim McCall, a —Alan Inouye,director ofALA’s OfficeforInformation Technology Policy advocacy toincludelicensingtermsaswellmore ebooks tolibraries,ALAisablebroadenits ow thatallBigFivepublishersarelicensingtheir by Alan S. Inouye movingprogress, ahead Taking making action, and programmanager ofALA’s digitalcontentinitiative

simplify userinterfacesandincrease Library, describeanimportant effort to James bothof English, New York Public with digitalcontent?Micah May and systems toadvancelibraryengagement Masthead What aboutdesigningandbuilding z

Editorial andAdvertisingAssistant Associate Editor Senior Editor Senior Editor Managing Editor Editor andPublisher online careerclassifiedads: local 312-944-6780•fax312-440-0901 toll free800-545-2433plusextension email americanlibrariesmagazine.org 50 E.HuronSt.,Chicago,IL60611 THE MAGAZINEOFAMERICANLIBRARYASSOCIATION be reproducedfornoncommercialeducational purposes. can LibraryAssociation.Materialsinthissupplement may ALA, 50E.HuronSt.,Chicago,IL60611.©2015 Ameri changes to offices. POSTMASTER:Personalmembers:Sendaddress postage paidatChicago,Illinois,andadditionalmailing Library Association(ALA).PrintedinUSA.Periodicals yearly withoccasionalsupplementsbytheAmerican American Libraries published Perkins, 800-545-2433x4286. with 40%discountforfiveormore;contactCharisse Customer Service.Allowsixweeks.Singleissues$11.50, visit 800-545-2433 x5108,email price forindividualsincludedinALAmembershipdues. US, Canada,andMexico;foreign:$80.Subscription Libraries andotherinstitutions:$70/year,6issues, subscribe H. W.Wilson,LexisNexis,InformationAccess, Available fulltextfromProQuest,EBSCOPublishing, indexed ment. ALAreservestherighttorefuseadvertising. Acceptance ofadvertisingdoesnotconstituteendorse advertising Editorial policy:ALAPolicyManual,section10.2 Hodge, JenniferAmyMaddoxAbbott,MarcTruitt Luren E.Dickinson,ChristineKorytnykDulaney,Megan Sandy Hirsh(Chair),ErnieCox,LeeA.Cummings, advisory committee Director membership development Rights, Permissions,Reprints Marketing Director Associate ExecutiveDirector publishing department Production Editor Managing Editor,ALAProductionServices design andproduction ala.org americanlibraries George M.Eberhart• Michael Stack• Sanhita SinhaRoy• Laurie D.Borman• . Claimmissingissues:ALAMemberand American Libraries Phil Morehart•

Amy Carlton• Patrick Burke•

(ISSN 0002-9769)ispublished6times

@ ala.org [email protected] membership JobLIST.ala.org [email protected] [email protected] , c/oMembershipRecords, [email protected]

[email protected] [email protected] Mary JoBolduc•x5416 [email protected]

Donald Chatham @ •847-367-7120 ala.org Ron Jankowski Mary Mackay T.J. Johnson Chris Keech JSTOR. •x4212 •x5105 •x4219 •x4213 •x4216 •x4218 , or

Helping you encourage reading and literacy at your library! Find bookmarks, banners, and more at alastore.ala.org! Buy 5 or more posters and SAVE 20%!

ALA Store purchases fund advocacy, awareness, and accreditation programs for library professionals worldwide. 4 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 to beresolved. familiar withtheDCWG andissuesyet cochair responsibilities,becoming Linke andIsteppeduptoassume of 2014,”November28,2014.Erika Weekly Bob wererecognizedby a three-yearperiod.Indeed,Sariand Sari FeldmanandRobertWolvenover strong leadershipofDCWGcochairs accomplishment tonote,reflectingthe catalogs tolibraries.Thiswasagreat publishers nowoffertheirfullebook (DCWG) announcedthatallthelargest the DigitalContentWorkingGroup 2014 AnnualConferenceandExhibition, Ebooks, and Directions and Ebooks, ALA’s DCWG, Success brings new challenges new brings Success in“NotablePublishingPeople Association’s (ALA) the American Library By CarolynAnthony Publishers

fall. AdobeDigitalEditionsexperienced Simon &Schuster agreedtomake the of salesweretocomeback tothelibrary. allow for suchsales,evenifapercentage sales option as their policies did not objected totherequirement to offer a sales toalllibraries.Some libraries of general practiceintheirextension selling ebooks to libraries to become from Simon&Schuster’s pilottest of that transferredit now”(BIN)button Organization (NISO)standards. of National Information Standards issues andlookingatthecurrentstatus expressed interestinpursuingprivacy for privacy protections for readers. LITA regarding readerbehaviorandaneed vendors in the collection and use of data need for increasedtransparencyby Thereisaprotection havebeenraised. Questions aboutprivacypoliciesand continues tobeatopicof concern. privacy issue regardingebookuse a consequenceof theinteractions. connections withpersonnelatAdobeas ALAwasable tomakeproblem. some took quickactiontoaddressthe with technicalandpolicyadvice.Adobe Intellectual Freedom (OIF) assisted Association (LITA) andALA’s Office for Library andInformation Technology online. DCWG andthe responded, personal information beingtransmitted a privacybreachthatledtounencrypted Two issuescametothefore inthe The other matter concernedthe“buy The othermatter theOnce broughtsoclearlytolight, tion Technology Policy (OITP) DirectorAlan tor KeithMichael Fiels, Office for Informa President BarbaraStripling,Executive Direc President-Elect SariFeldman, ALAPast by ALAPresidentCourtneyYoung aswell York LibraryCouncil. Thedelegationwasled Library (NYPL),andtheMetropolitan New Hachette BookGroup,New York Public Random House, Macmillan Publishers, holders inNew York City, includingPenguin leadership met with some of the key stake in apressreleasecoordinatedwithALA. optionalandannouncedthenews BIN button In earlyDecember, adelegationof ALA - - - T ing work to be done. The some directionregard while givingDCWG ALA andthepublishers, relationships between served tomaintain ecosphere. Themeetings become moreengagedinthepublishing titles andauthors,urginglibrarystaffto librarians inthediscoveryandmarketing of groups emphasizedthevalueof librariesand with ALAandlibraries.In allinstances,these expressed explicitinterestincollaborating ences. Thepublishersandothergroups and me. S. Inouye, andDCWG cochairs Erika Linke some titlesfor replacement afteragiven policies onerous, includingtheneedtotrack Others findthevariations in publishers’ tor toanotherifachangeof vendorsismade. to beablemovecontentfrom oneaggrega all titles.Librarianshaveexpressed thedesire most often citedfor improvement. sources are two aspects of the user experience an integratedsearchof contentfrommultiple by publishers.Improvements todiscoveryand certain amount of friction is deemed desirable made improvementstouserexperience,a experience. Whileindividualaggregatorshave concern for theuser prominently. Thereis with severalfiguring in identifying issues, subgroup has been active The BusinessModels library systems. and launchesin10 completes beta testing this projectasit ing relationship with hopes tohaveacontinu fied teamatNYPLand with theLibrarySimpli ALA delegationalsomet Overall, themeetingswerepositiveexperi Another concernis for perpetual access to Nonbook Media. and Preservation, Business Models, the DCWG are he subgroups of - - - interest in collaborating collaborating in interest groups expressed explicit other and publishers The ecosphere. publishing the in engaged more become urging library staff to of titles authors, and marketing and discovery librariansand in the the value of libraries groups emphasized In instances, all these with ALA libraries. and - -

5 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 6 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 to movetitles fromoneaggregatorto publishers directly in2010whenitwanted State Libraryof Kansasstartedcontacting closely watchedfor theirexperience. The systems. Severalstateconsortia arebeing across multiple different integrated library particularly whenitneeds to function content hosting and access system, costs for developingacustomdigital by localauthors.Thereareconsiderable publishers aswellself-publishedworks small, and independentfrom midsized, turned tomountingservershosttitles content tothepublic,somelibrarieshave among thepublishers. inconsistencies inpolicyandpractice therearestillconcernsaboutconsortia, improvement inthetermsof accessfor Also,althoughtherehasbeenraised. summer readingprogram—havebeen pricing for short-termneeds,suchasfor a book/one community”title,andspecial given title,negotiatedpricefor a“one as discountsfor aquantityof copiesof a money onthetable.Otheroptions—such leavingtaxpayernot befullyutilized, for agivennumber of circulationsthatmay control tolibrariesthanupfrontcharges “pay asyougo” pricingasoffering more need—for agivenpublisher. Someprefer a reducedpricefor meetingtemporary title atoneprice,withadditionalcopies such termsasaperpetualaccesscopyof a Theoptionsmightincludebeen heard. libraries’ needs,andacallfor optionshas that no single pricing model will meet all that of thepricefor consumers. It isclear offered tolibrariesatratesmultipletimes asmanyarecontinues tobeaconcern, number of circulations.Pricingof ebooks To expandtheofferings of digital T survey of current e-lending practice in ber 2014. Thepublication isbasedona Public LibraryE-Lending Models days pertitleyear. titles while limiting the number of lending model offers concurrent access to some relative affluence.TheMassachusetts withanequalizationfactorforserved, uting anamountbasedonpopulation Massachusetts, withthelibrariescontrib the servicetoallpubliclibraryoutletsin $150,000 of thosecosts.Theplanistooffer and LibraryServices(IMLS)footing $300,000, withtheInstitute of Museum The start-upcostsweremorethan are viewableonmobilee-readingapps. through acommoninterface.Not alltitles academic andprofessional titlesfrom EBL and about125,000titles viaBiblioboard, aggregator, acollectionof olderandlocal recent populartitlesfromacommercial EPUB andPDF format. (DRM) functions.Titles areavailablein and handledigitalrightsmanagement Content Serversoftware tostore metadata (VuFind+) asitsdiscoverylayerandAdobe modified version of opensourcesoftware instances. Theenkiplatform usesa to get discounts up to 40% in some paying above retail, and has even been able publishers, holdingfirmtoapolicy of not Itenki system. hasnegotiateddirectlywith libraries inCalifornia thatalsousesthe Califa isaconsortium of about220public Civic AgendaEUpublished Commissioners. The project offers Massachusetts Boardof Library withthe LibrarySystem, setts in November 2013bytheMassachu he MAeBookProjectwaslaunched from Smashwords. self-published titles and severalthousand about 200 publishers midlist titlesfrom enki platform for to adopttheuseof the the titlesandwenton in transferring 69% of another. It succeeded inDecem A Reviewof - - - ACCOUNT FOR EXPENDITURES LIBRARY US PUBLIC LIBRARIES FOR BY ACCOUNTED SWEDEN ARE OF EBOOKSIN OF THESALES 85% MARKET EBOOK COMMERCIAL OF THE 1% TRADE AND PUBLISHING DOMESTIC OF THE 5%

which receive some national financing. e-lending programs inEurope,mostof content.” Therearemorenational tions of on-demand accesstodigital Huysmans speaks of “rising userexpecta Science Professor Frank Amsterdam Library sis byUniversity of sion of access. Ananaly or temporarysuspen of simultaneousloans, limits onthenumber built-in safeguards of using such a model have accordingly. Programs demand and budgeting model isanticipating challenge of sucha simultaneous use.The models, whichallowfor operate pay-per-loan programs studied Another22%ofpublished content. the andself- titles inthepublicdomain, multiuser licensesareusedfor oldertitles, license isappliedtofrontlisttitleswhile e-lending models.Typically, asingle-user licenses while27%operatehybrid models, 40%operatesolelyonsingle-user andtheUS.Of18e-lendingCanada, countries throughouttheEuropeanUnion, - -

We have seen further ebook market is still clearly the library progress, though though progress, far from mature. - library community atlarge. leadership and members and from the strong supportandinterest fromALA coming monthsandgreatlyappreciate the the opportunities.We lookforward tothe the libraryebookmarket isstillfar clearly have seen further progress,though the largest publishers. As noted above, we first oncontinuingALA’s ebookworkwith books andotherlongforms. reading thatpromotestheof titles aswellpromotingacultureof discovery for newerauthorsandmidlist build onlibraries’ demonstratedvaluein continuing challengefor USlibrariesisto such asmallportionof themarket, a (see CivicAgendaEU’s than 1%of thecommercialebookmarket domestic publishing trade and abit more expenditures accountfor about5%of the indicating thatintheUS,publiclibrary 2014Report Review TheCivicAgendaEU’sprint salerun. backlist titlesthathaveexhaustedtheir publishers iflibrariespaidafee tocarry four months. highest pricepaidfor atitleinthefirst depending ontheageof thetitleand pay-per-loan modelwithvariableprices EU’s of thesalesof ebooks(seeCivicAgenda where libraries account forSweden, 85% One of themostsuccessfulprogramsisin Theoretically, therecouldbebenefitsto As newcochairs,ErikaandIfocused Review cites figures from the andOCLC’s , p.59).Thatsystemusesa formidable, sotoo are challenges remain Thoughthemedia. vation andnonbook namely digitalpreser other importantissues, tosomeing attention able toprovideincreas wewereprogressed, 2014–2015 year time. However, as the be neededfor some library communitywill and pressurefromthe ration withpublishers, collabo ued attention, from mature.Contin Review The BigShift Global E-Book z , p.70).With (2013) - - - - Library Association. president ofthePublic and immediatepast (Ill.) PublicLibrary, director oftheSkokie Working Group, Digital Content is cochairofALA’s CAROLYN ANTHONY

7 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 8 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 More disruption is on the horizon C under which content is distributed. It’sunder which content isdistributed. the currentmarket isthediversityof terms Anthony onpage4). DCWG, Ebooks,andDirections” by Carolyn process of steady innovation (see “ALA’s shouldbeacalmer,comes next mutual to thecatalogsof tradepublishers,what theprimary issue of fullaccess having settled sure tocomeandfor quitesometime.But Changeisin digitalcontentdistribution. One thingiscertain:Therenostatusquo with questionsaboutwhatmightcomenext. often starts thatway. noisy,solutions. It gotalittle butbigchange therefore, avestedinterestinfinding because allpartieshadastake initand, adjusted todigitaldisruptionanddidso Thecommercialmarketthings should. titles whiletheirpatronsdidthesame. patiently (orsometimesnot)for accessto their services;andlibrarianswaited platform providersrespondedbyenhancing forward new, innovativebusinessmodels; Publishersputsome seriousattention. One of themostinterestingconditions of And now, we find ourselves in a new quiet, It allworked outmoreorlessthewaythese was thatof abroken systemneeding years ago,whentheprevailingview library lendinglandscape. overthedigitalalm hassettled What adifference fromafew order tofully exploitthedistribution diversity begs for a diverse set of terms in hundreds orthousandsof milesaway. Allthis library, read on the web, or downloaded from nonfiction orachunk. Itcan bereadinthe afullworkofsubscription orastream, oh-so-flexible. It canbeanebookora ofAnd, course,digitalmediais slipperyand different set of custodial responsibilities. eachrequiringa and publicdomaincontent, degrees of licensedcontent, ownedcontent, rate, withcatalogscontainingvarying ent missions. in a disparate set of institutions with differ But public librariesthem. are only one type first modelstoemergeweredesignedfor spearheaded the access issue, and so the homogeneous entities.Publiclibraries market norpublishers’ catalogsare it willlikely increase. terms. Diversityisnotonlyheretostay, but contraction orfavorgiventoanysinglesetof But it’s doubtfulthattherewill beanysortof order toeffectively managetheircollections. ing thevariousrightsacrosspublishersin librarians thatitcanbebewilderingnavigat pricing.I’veheard fromrange of attendant with multiuseraccessrights,allawide limits, inperpetuity, andaslibrarydatabases procured withdownloadlimits,varioustime Publishing houses,too,arejustasdispa It turnsoutthatneitherthe library By TimMcCall - - - A funding atasmallmunicipallibraryor Scarcecontent orperpetual-accesscontent. limits itspurchasestoeitherlimited-access anytime), sometimesit’s goingtomatter. rarely meansallyoucaneatanywhere, always betheendgoal(afterall,freeaccess maximized penetrationof contentmaynot satisfy themissionsof though libraries.And, potential of content for publishers and fully 20-year access? Orsomemultipleof access? Sayfive-year, 10-year, oreven commercial sensibilityfor longer-term a few years(generallyspeaking).Is thereany trade publisherslimitaccessto nomorethan access. Right now, most models from large marketing benefits. incremental revenueandancillarybrand purchased bylibrariesatall)couldbring content (muchof which isn’t currently wholly ownedor branded public domain tively packagedandvaluedsubscriptionfor It can’t work for but an attrac all content, bleed intopublishers’ musingsfor libraries. tion and distribution is significant and may the general conversation around monetiza But theemergenceof subscriptionaspartof publishers aretestingintheconsumer trade. publishers maywanttooffer both. ual access.Sometimes,onsometitles, either/or question of limited versus perpet provide. Thedatamaysaythatit’s notan library penetrationthancurrentmodelscan might decidethatsometitlesneedbroader bang andhavemoredatatoanalyze,they publishers movefurtherawayfromthebig Sometimesthat’ssupport. fine.Butas lack of a business model that the library can reality isthatsometitlesaren’t purchasedfor necessary. thecurrent Whateverthe reason, a research library can make this choice mission requiringperpetualdigitalcopiesat And thentherearevariationsonlimited For example, consider the library that the subscription models some probably lookquitedifferent from been around for a long time. They subscription arrangementshave nd what about subscription? Library - - - ments mayrequireshort-termaccessof of access. Conversely, group reading assign guaranteed three-,five-,orseven-yearterm adoptionmayrequirea book andtextbook library models.Thingslike long-termtrade been contemplated by any of the nascent host of use-cases in education that haven’t libraries andclassrooms.Andtherearea are goingtobecomeimportantinschool now. Digitalbooksandlearningplatforms tional disruptionispressingthisissueright of studentsinagivenclassroom? download number thatcanequalthenumber downloads greaterthan26? Perhaps a that theirunique relationshippromises. libraries to maximize all of the opportunity that potentialiskey for content providersand creates thegreatestenterprise potential.And flexible, versatile,reliable supply chain becausea headaches. Butitwillbeworth it, andhappen there will overnight, be created tomanagethecomplexities.It won’t will benorestfor theweary. and there options will need to be navigated, thebewilderingarrayofgrows morecomplex, of new opportunities. Asthepathtomarket there’s suretobealotof testingandpiloting going tobeimportantfor many publishers, since maximizedpenetrationinthismarket is additional flexibilityfromsuppliers.And requiringinstitutional consumption, content anddistributioninnovationfor services thatarefarfromhomogeneous. players with various capabilities,providing give risetoasupplychainservicemadeupof state tostate.Andallof thatdisparitywill rooms from school to school, city to city, plenty of individualityintheneedsof class libraries, aren’t homogeneous.Therewillbe interactivity. Andconsiderthatschools,like anddigitalsocialwhiteboard projection, well addtothemixconcurrentuseraccess, sowemightasuse-cases intheclassroom, model? It probablywon’t make senseinall generally acceptedone-copy, one-user weeks ormonths.Andwhataboutthe The questionisn’t hypothetical.Educa But asthemarket matures,toolswillbe wave of Education is going to drive the next z - - - and marketingfor of onlinesales as vicepresident recently serving industry, most in thepublishing his 20-yearcareer on digitalissuesin focused extensively TIM MCCALL Penguin GroupUSA. has

9 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 10 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 demonstrates there isamarket for these Continued small publisher success Avadian of TheCaregiver’s Voice blog). loved onewithAlzheimer’s (Brenda Price World Publishing) orcaringfor a specific weighttraining(Rob Priceof published intheirgenre,be itsport- audiences thatwillzeroinonanytitle whosefirmstargetbooks inprint, fellow boardmembershavefewer than10 Iwaswrong.Someofrepresented. my would be the most specialized publisher books, withabacklistof about40titles), (which primarilypublishesknitting thought mycompany, CooperativePress Publishers Association(IBPA) I board, smaller interest-basedcommunities. rather thanmeetingtheneedsof focuses onmass-market appeal anticipated salesnumbers and title acquisitionisdrivenby library audience;frontlist material for everypossible catalog won’t guarantee every bigpublisher’s However, evenaccessto ebook catalogsavailable. three hadmadetheirfull libraries. Two yearslater, all sell orlicenseebooksto Hachette Book Group, refused to Macmillan, Simon & Schuster, and several largepublishers,including Ebook Situation” ( 2012 article“Let’s BeHonest aboutthe Jessamyn West ina wroteatlibrarian.net they’re availableandaffordable. Librarian collection assets can shine … assuming digitaland shelfspaceisatapremium, partners. value-added possibilitiesfor both and shouldworkwithlibrariestocreate When collectionbudgetsaresqueezed When IjoinedtheIndependent Book Specialized, smallerpublisherscanSpecialized, if it’s availablesomewhere. mighty when it comes to mall publishersare eventually findanaudience meeting specificniche rarified materialwill is real,andeventhemost content needs. The long tail bit.ly/169oeyP ) that

By ShannonOkey and libraries libraries and can connectcan publishers publishers How small small How content isvital(ifyoucan’t you findit, OverDrive.” are vitally important to libraries using materials. Theseindependentpublishers sive scope of niche and specialized dent publishers,creatingacomprehen partner withmorethan5,000 indepen titles availablethroughtheservice.“We independent publisherstomake their that OverDriveactivelyencourages Development AnalystRachelKraynotes company suchasOverDrive.Collection through anexistingebookaggregator altogether. to librarypatronsisanotherquestion specialized titles; how best to bring them library getsto offer something uniqueto downloads. It’s reallyawin-win-win: The asdigital patterns they licensemyknitting Ann ArborDistrictLibraryproposed that thought itwasabrilliantidea whenthe mochi craftbookseries,remarked: “I lending. entirely newaudiencefor digitallibrary accessions tobooks,AADL openedupan Bynotlimitingitslicensing program. scored winsfor itspatronsviadirect reaching outin2014, andimmediately District Library(AADL) systemstarted TheAnn Arbor (Mich.)collection. with smallerpublisherstoaddtheir request specifictopicsaswell.” can’t buyitorlendit),andlicensing The ability to find small publisher Currently, theeasiestsearchmethodis AnnaHrachovec, authorof theMochi arealsocontractingdirectly Libraries in South Carolina. Librarianscanin SouthCarolina. services havecreatedtheirown such asbooksaboutbirdwatching library-specific means of discover fiction tomorespecializedlists, ability. Kraypointsouttheadded topics like newandpopular benefit of curationservicesby “Lists can range from broader “Lists canrangefrombroader OverDrive’s staff librarians, list created,” Krayaffirms. designed to make purchasing featured invirtuallyevery independent publishersare suggested titles.“Smaller, easier bycreatinglistsof - - - - finding and keeping anaudiencewillingto and distributing musicisnottheproblem: the pastdecadehasshownus that making have otherwisepurchasedinprint. premium for abookthelibrary maynever publishers stillnetaconsiderable tion datesontitles,yetparticipating not place download restrictions or expira AnnArbor’slibrary system. programdoes their usefulnesstoallpatronsinagiven licenses offered elsewherefurtherlimit soquickly:Therestrictiveflattened when theadoptioncurvefor themhas ing disproportionateresourcestoebooks director of AADL,warnsagainstdedicat checkout periods.EliNeiburger, deputy the purchasedtitle,giventwo-week only 26 patrons per year can benefit from time perhaps being a common restriction, services, butwithone-checkout-at-a- made theirbooksavailableviamajor ability. Yes, largerpublishersmayhave in thecurrentebookecosystem:avail fully addressesanotherprobleminherent content aswell. an importantmeansof findinglicensable wide. It appearsthatsocialmediacanbe cooperative, itimmediatelyspreadfarand LibraryLinkNJ, amultitypelibrary .ly/1ax2tuJ announcing the partnership ( ago thatwhenHrachovec’s originalpost the craft.” totake upeven inspiresomenonknitters new audiencewithmyworkandmaybe Plus,Iseeitasawaytoreach patterns. inAnnArborgetfree and theknitters their cardholders, I get a licensing fee, Erin Helmrich of AADL noted one year The proliferation of digitalmusicover AADL’s directlicensingalso success The proliferation of digital music over the past decade has shown us that ) waspicked uponFacebook by making distributing and music is not the problem—finding keeping and an audiencean willing to reach out for it is. Small publishers face similar discoverability problems, but library licensing solves many of them. bit - - - -

discussing ebook standards and formats is illustrated how-totitlesarenot(and multiple digitalformats, butheavily booksaresimpletoconvert text-based count requirements.Novels andprimarily OverDrive’s) stemsfromminimum title ing withlargerlendingprograms(suchas challenges for smallerpublishersenroll these relatedproblems. retailers. Library licensing solves a host of status isanissuefor margin-focused small publisherbooks,and returnability bookstore chainsshyawayfromordering where bookscanbefound; evenlarge It is advantageous to place your books ers facesimilardiscoverabilityproblems. reach outfor itis.Frankly, smallpublish on-demand publishing. In themeantime, a decade ago, that of fully customizable, Booktailor waved in front of us more than has yettoliveupthe possibility as theprogramislessthanayear old. existing vendorsinavailable title counts this issuebutcurrentlylagsfarbehind ( librarians. OurownReadtailorprogram inghouse to connect small publishers and publishers. Theindustryneededaclear applies tolibrariescontractingwith Thesameproblem contracts department. without a dedicated marketing or one providerthandozenswhenoperating smaller publisherit’s easiertodealwith brings uptheproblemof scale:Asa create file formats suchasPDFs, butthis since theyareacceptingpopular, easy-to- Ann Arbor’s cancircumvent thisissue, an entireconversationuntoitself). readtailor.com In oneof addition, thebiggest Unfortunately, thepublishingindustry Working directly with libraries such as ) was designed toaddress - - -

11 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 12 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 Ingram (MyiLibrary), as well as Readtailor, Taylor (Axis 360), 3M(CloudLibrary),and framework set by OverDrive, Baker & wide. to createandsellcuratedmodules nation library ebookdiscoveryservice, designed is partof and makes them available for lending. This published worksbylocallibrarypatrons powered bySELF-e, whichcollectsself- Indie OhioAnthology( County(Ohio)PublicLibrary’sCuyahoga libraries candevelopprogramssuchasthe Outside of the established lending Library Journal’s bit.ly/1KGhqpY SELF-e public ), ), - a licensingprogram of yourown. tives whoareexhibiting ifyou’d like tostart approaching othersmallpresses orcollec quality publishing,sodon’t be shyabout ing indicator”toshowcommitment to these industryeventsisagood “gatekeep information andfollow up. Participation in then ask forin person, publisher contact ences, or elsewhere and see the print books ALAconferbooths atBookExpoAmerica, authors tolargecompanies.Visit theIBPA members, rangingfromself-published smaller publishers?IBPA hasnearly3,000 where elsecanlibrariesfindbooksfrom - - - .ly/1FqvL8W .ly/1DcJd0G email listssuchasTheFussy Librarian( just about every possible topic. Curated even more specific awardsare available in annual and self-published book award, America hasRITA, Digital Awards,RomanceWriters of each year:IBPA hastheBenjaminFranklin the resultsof variousspecialtybookawards publishers for directlicensingistoreview another goodoptionfor findingsmaller titles. Andspeakingof awardsceremonies, authors, features reviewsof submitted targetedtowardself-publishing.com, ceremony. Themagazine’s site prominent than ever at the awards noted thatsmallerpressesweremore Exhibits, After ALA’s 2015 Midwinter Meeting and Publishers Weekly ) candeliverthespecific ) andBookBub( Writer’s Digest specifically booklife hasan bit bit

impact onyourdigitallendingprogram. from smaller publishers can have a big intended audience.” to puttheirtitlesdirectlyinfrontof their purchase, thus allowing smaller publishers recommend titlesfor thelibraryto browse the entire OverDrive catalog and purpose: “It allowslibrarypatronsto Recommend toLibrary notes that libraries can useOverDrive’s night’s members, for example. Rachel Kray recommendations fromtheirbranch’s knit copies of Cooperative Press books after Many librarianshavepurchasedprint you’re lookingfor righttoyourinbox. independently publishedebookgenres No matter where you find them, booksNo where youfindthem, matter Don’t forget toaskyourpatronstoo. feature for thisvery z presented onniche board, andhas Publishers Association the IndependentBook currently servingon a dozenbooks.Sheis author ofmorethan readtailor.com, and .com), “instigator”at (cooperativepress Cooperative Press is thepublisherat SHANNON OKEY her nextbook. she’s notworkingon everywhere …when as @knitgrrlalmost can findheronline conference. You TOC publishing and O’Reilly’s South bySouthwest publishing atboth

13 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 14 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 CLICK CLICK Building alibrary-owned delivery channel for ebooks What If and atmanylibraries acrossthecountry. To type attheNew York PublicLibrary(NYPL) directly toourusers. is thecapabilitytoserveourebook collections models. Amongthemostimportant of these build newcapacitiestosupport newservice We believeitisincumbent on libraries to electronic mediaisreshapingpublicservices. mation inwhichthetransitionfromprintto e-content either. for print books.We shouldn’t acceptitfor commercialized andfracturedservicemodel libraries wouldneveracceptthiskindof approach hasbeencontroversial,andmost library services to private contractors, this for somethingtoborrow? then trytosellthembookswhiletheybrowse accounts withthefor-profit providers,who could take welloveranhourandcreateuser navigate acomplexregistrationprocessthat tions purchasedfromeachvendor? patrons hadtogodifferentlocationsfindthecollec locations outsourcedtofor-profitvendors?Andwhatif Ebooks arethefastest-growing format Libraries areinatimeof historictransfor While somelibrarieshaveoutsourced beforeThen, reading,whatifusershadto libraries couldoffertheirbooksonlythrough , READ - the New Economy Subscription Ted Hill andKateLaratitled 2014 Book Industry Study Group report by than halfof unit sales,accordingtoaJuly trade publishingrevenues,and by2013more year ebooksaccountedfor nearlyaquarterof Journal according toaFebruary 15, 2014, 7% of circulation at US public libraries, currently do.Asof 2012,ebooksmadeuponly to circulatefarmoreebooksthanthey suggesting thatlibrarieshavetheopportunity use stilllagsfarbehindretailebooksales, use of ebooks. Primary ResearchGroup’s reporton library 2013—according toa2013estimatefromthe (IMLS)—to more than $110 million in Institute of Museum andLibraryServices Public LibrariesSurveyconductedbythe millionin2009—accordingtoa from $30 growth rateof 38%for thepastfour years, ing onebooksgrewatacompoundannual keep libraryspend upwithrisingdemand, Despite this rapid growth, libraryebookDespite thisrapidgrowth, , By MicahMayandJamesEnglish reportbyJanet Hoffert. In the same

Digital Booksand . Library - - for alltypesof users.” innovate asthey seektoimproveservices by libraries’ ability to continuously Library Simplifiedapp. We areinspired excited toseelibrariesbegin usingthe help supportthisworkinparticular and that platform. I’m thrilledwewereableto the potentialtobeanimportantpartof solutions suchasLibrarySimplifiedhave sharede-contentbelieve thatopen, digital platform for libraries,and we “Wesaid, supportworktowardanational work on andbegan whichNYPLmatched, Grant, received a $500,000 National Leadership partners toproposejustthatIMLS.We borrowing process,NYPLjoinednine would simplifyandstreamlinethe library-owned deliverychannelthat bybuildinga opportunity todobetter In 2012,recognizingthattherewasan newA delivery channel steps andmaytake fartoolong. borrowing ebooks can still require many improved somewhat inthisregard, vendor-supplied offerings have patrons borrowingebooks.While vastly improvetheuserexperiencefor growth incirculationisthechanceto Even moreimportantthanfaster Maura Marx, actingdirectorof IMLS, PAST FOURYEARS. GROWTH RATEOF38%FORTHE GREW ATACOMPOUNDANNUAL LIBRARY SPENDINGONEBOOKS Library Simplified . people focus onreading insteadof setting and cancustomizecontrol. patrons throughanappthelibrary owns bring ebookservicesin-house, serving libraries theopportunityto Library Simplified offers Perhaps mostfundamentally, commercial providers. passwords withmultiple accounts, usernames,or users toestablishonline different vendorsorrequire content purchased from different apps to access have tosendpatrons clicks orless.Librarieswillnolonger allinthree andreadit, borrow thebook, simply searchorbrowsefor atitle, Usersthrough a single application. will to seamlesslyserveallthosecollections and Baker &Taylor’s Access360product, including OverDrive,3M’s CloudLibrary, ebooks frommorethanonevendor, all the libraries that have purchased Itdownloaded the content on. will allow content to the particulardevice the user party vendors. It will also avoid locking for userstologinorregisterwiththird- process includingminimizingtheneed eliminate complexity in the borrowing “The Library Simplified app lets“The The goalof LibrarySimplifiedisto public services. public media is reshaping from print to electronic which the transition in transformation historic of time a Libraries are in

15 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 16 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 formed in 2013. The team has been Leonard Richardson andJohn Nowak was article) and starring crack developers owner James English(coauthorof this fied partner. (Calif.) PublicLibrary, aLibrarySimpli from,” saysAmyCalhounof Sacramento regardlessof whereitcamean ebook, itshouldbeeasytoborrowandread tion, and interfaces.Just like ourprintcollec up accountsandnavigatingmultipleapps An NYPL-basedteamledby product - - digital content publication, andLibrarydigital content publication, EDUPUB are industry standards for EDUPUB, and the Open Web. EPUB 3 and of alllatestadvancesinEPUB3, tions, the application will take advantage (OPDS). Asaresultof thesecollabora Open PublicationDistributionSystem and Hadrien Gardeurof Feedbooks and Forum (IDPF) andReadium Foundation, the International DigitalPublishing industry veteranssuchasBillMcCoy of form collaborativerelationshipswith the largerdigitalpublishingindustryto is inthefinalstages of development. andinteroperable easy touse,open, whichissimple,dream ebooksolution, quietly workingtobuildthelibrary’s library lending andiscompatiblewith standard tomake sure itaccommodates the OPDSfied teamisworkingtoextend their contentonline.TheLibrary Simpli pers andjournalsexpose publish Open Web standards thathelpednewspa new openprotocolisbasedon thesame Library Simplified’s use of OPDS. This Another importantadvancementis Discoverability operability. accessibility, portability, and inter new technologieswillsupportimproved Foundation. Together theseinnovative rendering technologyfromtheReadium showcase advancedcross-platform these emergingstandards.It willalso reading applicationstotake advantageof Simplified willbeone of thefirstebook In theprocess,teamhasengaged - - - picks andreaders’ advisorylists. created browse lanesinLibrary Simplified for staff the librariansbackinlibrary ebookservice.We recommendations andreaders’ advisory, putting and theirstaffmembersto serve readersthrough distributors. will librariesneedtomodifytheiragreementswith or modificationstotheirpublishers’ contracts,nor will needtoseekanypermissionfrompublishers neither application, libraries nor their distributors before afileispassedto the LibrarySimplified the DRM willbeappliedonthedistributor’s server those optionsmatureandgainacceptance.Since source Readium ContentProtection technology—as options—including Sony’s URMSandtheopen with AdobeDRM overtime,addotherDRM and, rights management(DRM) regimes.It willlaunch Library Simplifiedwillsupportmultipledigital impaired. possible experiencefor thehearingandvisually ensure thatLibrarySimplifiedoffers thebest Consortium andleveragingtheEPUB3format to working closelywithadvocacygroupslike theDaisy impairments hasalsobeenapriority. Theteamis held byathirdparty.” back totheminsteadof thoserelationshipsbeing gives libraries’ relationshipswiththeirpatrons Richardson explains, “Library Simplified really first step,andasLibrarySimplifieddeveloper user identificationnumber. Thisisanimportant no longerhavetocreateorrememberanAdobe Adobe Vendor IDtovalidate users,sopatronswill with users,LibrarySimplifiedwillbeusingan put librariesbackincontrolof theirrelationships In ordertosimplifytheaccountexperienceand Back in control to anysinglevendor. also reduce the degree to which libraries are locked library collections more discoverable online and to proprietaryvendorAPIs). Thiswillhelpmake websites usingastableopenstandard(asopposed interfaces, aswelltheirownonlinecatalogsand expose their content to the web and to third-party hosting services.ByusingOPDS, librariescan circulation services,metadataandcontent for themachine-to-machineinterfacebetween sion of OPDS providesastandardopenarchitecture Mantano, Aldiko, andothers.Theresultingexten new commerciale-readingplatforms, suchas Another priority has been empowering libraries In order to ensure that publishers are supportive, Accessibility bypeoplewithvisionandhearing - or functionalityyou’dmostliketoseeadded. what’s working,notandwhatfeatures cially onitsfirstrelease.Wewantto hear from you about will be great, butrecognize that no app is perfect, espe SHARE YOURFEEDBACK. about howwecansupportbroadadoptionbylibraries. about theimpactonusersandwanttohearfromyou library andletusknowhowitgoes.Weareexcited TRY LIBRARYSIMPLIFIED. WHAT CANYOUDOTOHELP? libraries ownand improvetheire-contentservice. and otherexcitingrelateddevelopments thatwillhelp more aboutthelatestdevelopment inLibrarySimplified site ( STAY TUNED. buying decisions. municate toprovidersthatAPIsareapriorityintheir that thinktheymaywanttouseLibrarySimplifiedcom Library Simplifiedtowork.Itisimportantthatlibraries short, robust APIs are a top priority and a must-have for companies build APIs that support library lending. In lioBoards, andothers,butthatcan’thappenuntilthose to integratecontentfromIngram,Feedbooks,Bib support andopenarchitectures.Inthefutureweplan ILS vendors are further behind with regard to ebook and 3MhasmadeneededenhancementstoitsAPI. and Axis360(Baker&Taylor)offeradequateAPIs, tent makeitavailablethroughAPIs.TodayOverDrive only aggregate content if the vendors who supply con GREAT API GET BEHINDOPENSTANDARDSANDDEMAND least learnaboutwhatitcando. Library Simplifiedandencouragethemtotryitorat GET THEWORDOUT. librarysimplified.org s FROMVENDORS. ChecktheLibrarySimplifiedproject web Tell your library colleagues about Tellyourlibrarycolleaguesabout ) or contact the team to learn WethinkLibrarySimplified Deploytheappatyour Library Simplified can - - - - -

17 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 18 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 launch for free. libraries everywhere tocustomizeand will beopensourceandavailable to sotheapplication library systemstouseit, of thekey goalsof theprojectistoallow onepartners andbuiltbytheNYPL team, been designedbyNYPLand itsgrant Although theLibrarySimplifiedapphas all to Available really shineatit.” enjoy, andmanyof ourstaffmembers matching readerswithabooktheywill most rewardingtasksatthelibraryis which tochoose.Oneof thetrickiestand thousands and thousands of titles from expert advisorswhocanhelpnavigatethe ians for recommendations.Theyseeusas Lobash explains, “Readers look to librar reintroduce ittoourebookservice.As of librarianshipandweareexcitedto Lobash. series, ASongof Ice andFire,” explains readers who enjoyed the readers wholike Haruki Murakami and example, we created read-alike lists for true for readers’ advisory questions. For from the answer, we believe the same is many in the class benefitasks a question, Mucha list. asinclasswhenonestudent their recommendations are compiled into question aweekouttoourstaffandall asked byrealreaders.“We throwone except thattheyarecreatedfromquestions book makes itexemplary. annotation describingwhataboutthe submit picksareasked to include a brief at Barnes&Noble.” Staffmemberswho broader thanwhatyouseeonAmazonor is whatmakes ourstaffpickssomuch This moves themqualifiesasastaffpick. genres, andformats, andanytitlethat audiences (kids,youngadults,adults), lane. Ourstaffreadswidelyacross pick anditbecomespartof thebrowse theysubmitthattitleasastaffread it, them wanttoshoutandinsisteveryone members read something that makes staff “When services, explained, NYPL’sLobash, managerof reader When asked about these features Lynn Readers’ advisoryhaslongbeenastaple The readers’ advisory lists are similar Game ofThrones - new eraof librarye-content service. Library Simplified and turn the page on a experience. make trade-offs thatfracturetheuser commercial serviceswithout havingto while preservingaccess to existing publishers throughself-hostingprojects libraries tosupportregionalauthorsand collection fromavendor).Thiswillenable system alongwithalocallyprocured statewide collectionhostedbyalibrary from multiplesources(for example,a will allowlibrariestoaggregatecontent hosted collections,soLibrarySimplified content sourcesfromvendorsandself- different contentsources,includingboth to supportanecosystemwithamixof the principleof interoperabilityandmeant wide. Library Simplified is designed on collections for use by constituents state building openaccessandlicensedcontent Massachusetts, andNorth are Carolina, California, Illinois,those inArizona, Many including systemsandconsortia, alternative contentsourcingstrategies. open doorsfor librariestobeginexploring user experience,LibrarySimplifiedcan and howwecanhelp. reach outtousdiscusswhatyouneed if youthinkyourlibraryisinterested, process of developingthisservicemodel; do thisworkfor We them. areinthe host theirowninstance,NYPLcanlikely tively, iflibrariesdon’t wanttoorcan’t capabilities of mostlibraries.Alterna believe itshouldbewellwithinthe application aseasypossibleandwe team hastriedtomake deploymentof the (OverDrive, 3M, orBaker &Taylor). The content service provider accounts Each librarywilllinkitsversiontoown and technologiesthoughsimplesettings. configure ittotheirecosystem of vendors librarieswillbeabletotion isdeployed, Oncetheapplica servers orinthecloud. can setuptheirownversionon tion of it will have multiple options. They that wanttocreatetheirownimplementa packaged asavirtualserver, andlibraries deploy, LibrarySimplifiedwillbe We hopeyouwill joinusaswelaunch In additiontovastimprovementsinthe To make iteasyfor otherlibrariesto z

- - - - and aJDfromHarvard of Colorado–Boulder from theUniversity and politicalscience has aBAinphilosophy new offerings.May launching innovative with developingand (NYPL) andischarged York PublicLibrary development atNew director ofbusiness MICAH MAY customers. and commercial government, defense, applications for technologies and wireless enterprise web, mobile,and companies building two differentsoftware COO andCEOfor NYPL in2013,hewas Prior tocoming Emory University. Business Schoolat from theGoizueta York, andanMBA at WestPoint,New Military Academy from theUnitedStates systems engineering NYPL. HehasaBSEin product ownerat the LibrarySimplified JAMES ENGLISH Company. McKinsey and consultant at as amanagement four yearsworking strategy, hespent 2009 asdirectorof joining NYPLin Law School.Before is is No better time than spring to tackle some weeding.

Read the articles. bit.ly/WeedingTips Buy the book. bit.ly/WeedingHandbook

Watch the archives. bit.ly/WeedingWebinars 20 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 4 andMicahMayJamesEnglishonpage14). of usingthesecollections(seearticlesbyCarolynAnthonyonpage catalogs of trade publishers and improving the customer experience significant progress in improving library access to the ebook American Library Association(ALA) and librarieshave made By LarraClark publishers. Overthepastfewyearsofadvocacy, content andlibrarieshasfocusedonebooksfromlarge uch ofthenationalpublicconversationarounddigital developers, disciplines, andindividualcommunity members. softwareamong libraries andlibraryconsortia, and content and smarterintryingnewthings.” anditdemandsweworkfasterpace haschangedwiththeinternet, We’llwe doit. iterateand trysomethingelseintheprocess.The something,” “It hesaid. canfail, butlet’s make surewecanlearn as own spaces.“That’s thespiritof theprototypefund—let’s quicklytry that if some of peoplewilltry new thingsin their them are seeded, Barr, mediainnovationdirectorattheKnightFoundation. He added intersect withimprovingaccesstodigitalcontentandplatforms. finalists and million available,thechallengeclosedwith676applications and46 around themandengageintheplacestheylive.” With nearly$3 and assetsininnovativewaystohelppeoplelearnaboutthe world transformational powerof libraries andusetheirideas,principles, ties?” Thefoundation was“seeking projectsthatbuildonthe age librariesasaplatform tobuildmoreknowledgeablecommuni Foundation challengegrantsintersectsinseveralof theseareas. Themostrecent roundofcontent. John S.andJames Knight L. concerns, andexpandingthelensof focus tootherforms of digital consideringprivacyandpreservationpublish digitalcontent, additional optionsfor empoweringouruserstodiscoverand innovation digital prototype to Knight libraries Foundation challenges Innovate Libraries to Empowering The projectsalsodemandand reflectnewlevels of collaboration projectsareexperimentalandambitious,”“These saidChris In fall2014, theKnightFoundation asked: “How mightwelever At thesametime,ALAandlibrarieshavebeenexploring ultimately funded 22projects—severalof which - - can learnaswedoit.” but let’smakesurewe something. Itcanfail, fund—let’s quicklytry spirit oftheprototype ambitious. That’sthe experimental and “These projectsare the KnightFoundation innovation director at innovation directorat —Chris Barr, media —Chris Barr,media

consequences of itsapproachtoebooks,” Hellman said. publishing industrythatwasn’t thinkingmuchaboutthe keeping librariesrelevantandstronginthefaceof a offense. DCWG hasdoneamasterfuljob of playingdefense— Hellman Content Working Group(DCWG) andfounder of Unglue.it sharing andhostingplatform. Past memberof theALADigital ebooks toservetheircommunities—with maintain ProjectGutenberg’s (PG)45,000 publicdomain may be The mostdirectlyrelevantprojecttoebookaccessandlibraries GITenberg greatly, metadata isalloverthemap, andit’s difficult for According to GITenberg’s proposal, “Text quality varies currently usethiscollection toservetheircommunities. taking careof together.” them, we havetheopportunitytohelp themshineindigitalform by hammered downbypublishers. Theybelongtoallof us,and are thefocus of GITenberg don’t have a fixedrulebook games andnewplayingfields.Thepublicdomainbooksthat offensive game—bringingthestrengths of librariestonew “A strongteamneedstoplaygooddefense andgood PG offers 45,000 public domainebooks,yet few libraries “You canthinkof GITenberg asoneplayer workingonthe GITenberg (see his article on page 34) is a project lead. (seehisarticleonpage34)isaprojectlead. , which intends to help libraries use and , whichintendstohelplibrariesuseand GitHub , acode- Eric Eric

21 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 22 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 the Librarians can learnmoreandgetinvolved through the Internet Archive,andthebroader Unglue.it team. New York PublicLibrary’s LibrarySimplified project, Software community, aswellexchangingideaswith PG, Distributed ProofReaders, and the Open Source software engineeringtohelpus.” where weparticularlyneedpeoplewho (GitHub) into a library-friendly workflow. That’s how totranslateasoftware engineeringworkflow together. Ourbiggestchallengewillbetofigureout get youveryfar. We needallkindsof talents coming just beasoftware developer orcataloger—thatwon’t designers) tocreatesuccess,Hellman “It said. can’t nated castof players(e.g.,artists,writers,actors,set similar to making movies in that it requires a coordi them.” Buildingnewinformation environmentsis world hasdependedonvendorstomake thingsfor in creatingaccesstodigitalcontentisthat“thelibrary librarians andtheirpatrons. source control system for the books morefriendly to bookcoverimages,andworkingtomake aattractive sustainably producing MARC records, integrating standable tolibrarycatalogsystemsandworkflowsby to make PG books more easily ingestible and under users tocontributeimprovements.” Theprojectseeks GITenberg isbuildingonworkbygroups suchas Hellman notesthatonekey challengefor libraries GITenberg Googlegroup . don’t know - - phases, JDNA will undertake research to understand history andculturalheritage. obituaries, andfeature storiesrepresentsalossof The disappearanceof news,birthannouncements, limited resourcesorexpertise for savingtheircontent. minority communities,aremore vulnerabledueto Smallernewspapers,oftennews content. inruralor newspapers have experienced significant losses of ArecentsurveybyRJIfound that27%offallback. US born-digital hasnophysicalsurrogatetoserveasa Unlike contentdigitizedbyscanninganalogmedia, digital newsandphotosfromthe began withloss—namely16years(1986–2002)of between theUMLibrariesandJournalism Institute Center for ResearchLibraries. Group, Investigative Reporters and Editors, and the partnering withtheMissouri Newz PressAssociation, act insavingthe“firstroughdraft of history”by Reynolds Journalism Institute (RJI)arebeginningto University of Missouri (UM)LibrariesandDonaldW. Neal’s manifesto inthisissue(seepage30),the access of In born-digital news content. line with James model for preservingand establishing sustainable Archive (JDNA) the On thepreservationfront, DigitalJournalism Archive News The pilotproject hastwoparts.In thefirstthree The projectandfundingof asharedposition isworkingtodevelopareplicable TO SERVETHEIR USE THISCOLLECTION LIBRARIES CURRENTLY GUTENBERG, YETFEW THROUGH PROJECT EBOOKS AREOFFERED PUBLIC DOMAIN 45 COMMUNITIES. Journalism DigitalNews Columbia Missourian , 000 . our heritageintoablackhole.” Otherwise, we are blithely throwing away entities beginning to see this as a tsunami. Knight cominginandothergovernment right time for us to be addressing this, with more. ButIhaveafeeling thatthisisthe network security, lack of standards, and problem andtechnicaltoolsneeded, questions, lackof awarenessof the legalwith publishersandcopyright, of journalismatUM. areissues “There big],” saidEdwardMcCain, digitalcurator most peoplejustgiveup[onaprojectthis sustainability. competitive revenue streams to ensure its tion of themodel,anddeveloping thustestingthefullopera participation, consortium of newspaperstoincrease include marketing thepilottoabroader during parttwo.Thesecondwill distribute, andmonetizethenewscontent process,market, systems neededtocollect, the relationships the project builds and the creators. Thisinformation willdetermine from thesmallnewspapercontent mine thenatureof thecontentavailable the markets for newscontentanddeter “I don’t knowifwe’re naiveorgutsy, but - - can bereplicatednationwide. documented tipsandtricksthat pricing models,guidelines,and project hopestoestablishclear such asInternetArchive,andthe of Americaandotherlarge-scaleinitiatives, will beuploadedtotheDigitalPublicLibrary lack equipmentandtechnicalsupport.Content nation’s digitalculturalmemorybecausethey ties oftenexcludedfromcontributingtothe under-resourced organizationsandcommuni area’s publictransportationnetworktoreach New YorkLibraryCouncil,willusethemetro world. Projectpartners,ledbytheMetropolitan share thecity’sculturalheritageonlinewith metropolitan NewYorkareatodigitizeand archives, andcommunitiesthroughoutthe tization technologiesandexpertisetolibraries, Culture inTransit CONTENT CONCERNSINCLUDE: THAT INTERSECTWITHDIGITAL OTHER KNIGHT-FUNDEDPROJECTS , whichwilltakeshareddigi »

OF NEWSCONTENT. SIGNIFICANT LOSSES HAVE EXPERIENCED OF USNEWSPAPERS 27% - -

23 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 24 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 sible toeveryone,forever,forfree.These history getsarchivedandmadeacces like-minded communitiesindecidingwhat collections, enhancemetadata,andjoin content. Citizen-archivists would help build ties tomoreeasilyuploadandsharedigital framework andtoolsettoallowcommuni by theInternetArchivetocreatea new Building LibrariesTogether well formanylibrariesacrossthe globe. for USuse,theprojectexpansion bodes in September2014.Whilenot available 1,000 titlesmainlyinCreoleand French, droid versionofitsapplicationin Haiti,with ing countries.TheprojectreleasedanAn any deviceaccessibletothoseindevelop guistically appropriatecontentavailableon make a library of culturally relevant and lin works inlow-bandwidthenvironmentsto Library ForA index, and share information about games. ators; andcreateamechanismtocatalog, licensing andremunerationforgamecre contractual solutionstoensureproper libraries inNorthAmerica;deviseopen and stream25to50gamestwopilot source solutionthatwillhostdigitalfiles a pilotprojectthatseekstobuildanopen conduct researchandimplementationfor dia University’sTAGResearchCenterwill game creation.TheprojectfromConcor and enablescommunitiestoengagein die games(openorsubscribed)tolibraries model digitalaggregatorthatstreamsin Indie GamesLicensing ment agencies. collectors, historical societies, and govern museums aswellnonprofits,individual citizen-archivists includelibrariesand ll , a cloud-based platform that willestablisha isaneffort ------

ing andscalingpromisingprojects.Many strategies andapproachesfor prototyp tions andinstitutionstoconsidernew learning opportunityfor otherfounda nities), theKnightstrategyoffers a ing moreinformed andengagedcommu a seriesof challengesrelatedtodevelop ties. Beyondasinglechallenge(orreally ing digital opportunity in our communi own solutionstobarriersweseeimped other technologypartnerstodevelopour libraries mightworktogetherandwith foundation invitesustoconsiderhow Themore andfasterexperimentation. speed of technology change demands seeding innovationatatimewhenthe seen asasmall“venturecapital”fundfor Annual Conference programs plannedfor the2015ALA newschallenge.org funded libraryinnovationprojectsat pating inoneormoreof theKnight- learn moreaboutandconsiderpartici for successfulpilots? to acceleratediffusionandsustainability ing morebroadlyanddevelopapipeline scalability. How canweapplythisthink well asstatewidecollaborationand aslocal librarytechnologyinnovation, Technology Actfundingtounderwrite for leveragingLibraryServicesand states, for instance,useasimilarmodel The KnightNews Challengecanbe One placeeveryonecanstartisto inSanFrancisco. andthrough z ------supporting arange Century, aswell Libraries forthe21st Program onAmerica’s portfolio andthe telecommunications oversees OITP’s Policy (OITP).She Technology for Information of ALA’sOffice deputy director LARRA CLARK collaborations. of grant-funded is All the socializing Library of you’re up for! the Future sessions including futuring and Unlimited innovation connections techniques with colleagues from Books, all types of libraries, media, and doing all kinds of 100s of Informal library jobs, at all authors learning, levels “News You formal Can Use,” learning updates, policy priorities, strategies for engaging Innovation-spurring decision-makers deep dives and inﬂ uencers (piloting at 2016 Midwinter), pre- conferences, and institutes 2016 ALA Award announcements Midwinter and celebrations

MeetiJanuary ng 8–12, & 2016Exhibit s

New products, technologies, and services with Annual expert vendors in the exhibits ConferenceJune 23–28, & 2016Exhibiti on

BUNDLE—best value registration for both conferences plus MIDWINTER MEETING The conversation priority access for housing—opens September 9, 2015 & EXHIBITION starts here... MIDWINTER MEETING Early Bird opens October 1, 2015 ANNUAL CONFERENCE Early Bird opens January 19, 2016

All registrations open at noon (Central) alamidwinter.org | alaannual.org 26 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 The localwork at eachof theseorganiza directly toregional andnationalefforts. These professionals arealsocontributing tutions’ communitiesandconstituencies. work tosolvelocalneedsfor theirinsti ties andsharewhattheylearn. to runsignificantdigitalcurationactivi cultural heritageorganizationsinorder library schoolgraduatesintopositionsat runs aresidencyprogramtoplacerecent objects; aregionallibraryassociation preserve, andprovideaccesstodigital connect open source tools to acquire, country toinstall,deploy, configure,and workshops toequiplibrariansaroundthe tion developsandrunsaseriesof access toebooks;anonprofit organiza other librariestoprovideAmericans common systemthatmakes iteasierfor of libraries bands together to develop a tations of historicalartifacts;anetwork country tocreatemoredynamicpresen museums andlibraries around the software thatisusedbystaffmembersat tation for opensourceexhibition in New York Cityimprovesthedocumen libraries inthreeotherstates;acurator repository system that is reused by and sharesapluginfor anopensource scenarios: AlibrarianinUtah develops icture thefollowingdiverse In eachof thesesituations,staffers Collaborating on tools services and across organizations Libraries and Museums and Libraries The National Digital Platform for By MauraMarxandTrevorOwens ------PLATFORM THE NATIONALDIGITAL TARGETED INCREASE FOR 2016 INCLUDESA REQUEST FORIMLS OBAMA’S BUDGET PRESIDENT BARACK MILLION $8.8 to useandcontribute totheminteract components and theknowledgerequired is a way of thinking about how all of the US. Thatis,thenationaldigital platform content andservicestoallusers inthe staff expertise that provide library social andtechnicalinfrastructure, and combination of software applications, across the US. In this sense, it is the digital capabilityandcapacityof libraries thinking aboutandapproachingthe national digital platform is a way of isn’t apieceof software orawebsite.The The platform away as of thinking libraries acrossthecountry. the digitalcapabilityandcapacityof grants programstoinvestinexpanding Museum andLibraryServices(IMLS) area of priorityfor theInstitute of United States.More specifically, itisan meet theneedsof theirusersacrossthe ture, andhuman effort librariesuseto all the digital tools, services, infrastruc conceptualized asawayof thinkingabout and aspecificmeaning.Broadly, itcanbe libraries and museums has both a broad and museums. the nationaldigitalplatform for libraries tions is making use of and contributing to The platform isn’t an individual thing. It The national digital platform for - national organizations andinstitutions. services provided bylocal,regional,and open source software projects and shared and museums already existinarangeof of anationaldigitalplatform for libraries systems, andinfrastructure. libraries inshareddigitalservices, and benefit from the work of other for each libraryinthecountrytoleverage to meet their users’ needs. It is possible around the tools and services that they use more opportunitiesfor collaboration content andresources,therearemore infrastructure toprovideaccessdigital library andmuseum usersacrosstheUS. and open)meettheneedsof the with otherexistingplatforms (commercial From thisperspective,thefoundations As librariesincreasinglyusedigital OF THEGRANTSTOSTATES $67 resources. From 2002to2011,theGrants million inthe developmentof digital Libraries programhasinvested $30 the National Leadership Grantsfor Advancing Digital Resources priority of for libraries.From 2005to2013, the digital tools,services,andinfrastructure billion indevelopingandimproving To date,IMLS hasinvestedmorethan$1 approach to funding The platform an as largely disconnectedcomponents. platform currentlyexistsasadiffuseset of tions but not on a national scale, this past 20 years locally or in small collabora library researchanddevelopmentoverthe conducted an enormous amount of digital However, because we as a nation have 2002 TO2011. DIGITIZATION EFFORTSFROM PROGRAM HASGONETOWARD MILLION

27 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 28 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 community. President BarackObama’s platform isresonatingbeyondthe library investment. to maximize the impact of our federal work withotherfoundations andfunders We’reto Statesprogram. alsoeagerto the fundstheyreceivethroughGrants ment canhelpstatesmake thebestuseof and approachinginfrastructuredevelop eager toexplorehowthiswayof thinking We21st CenturyLibrarianprogram. are Libraries programandtheLauraBush the National Leadership Grantsto digital platform asanareaof priorityin IMLSisfocusingend, onthe national cost savings,access,andservices.To this infrastructure, for increasedefficiencies, disparate piecesof theexistingdigital their users. capacity for librariestomeettheneedsof catalyze andadvancethecapability focus moreonsupportingprojectsthat range of one-off individualprojectsand need toshiftawayfromsupportinga and discussionwasthatthereisaclear through manyof theexperts’ comments potential to scale up. A theme running services, and content that have clear ing themostpromisingdigitaltools, connect prioritize improvingandbetter and foundations encouragedIMLSto experts representing all types of libraries New York CityinApril2014, arangeof concept of thenationaldigitalplatform in could be.Atameetingexploringthe impact remainsfarmorediffusethanit significant andlastingimpact. Yet the library digitalservicesandinfrastructure. also madesignificantcontributionsto S. andJames KnightFoundation—have L. Foundation, andmorerecently, theJohn Foundation, theBill&Melinda Gates Mellon Foundation, theAlfredP. Sloan ment for theHumanities, theAndrewW. funders—notably theNational Endow years, severalotherpublicandprivate going towarddigitizationefforts. Overthe projects, with $67 million of that amount million ininformation infrastructure to Statesprogramhassupported$980 The ideaof the nationaldigital We need to bridge gaps between These investmentshavemadea - - - already exists, at least in part. Italready exists,atleastinpart. is built fromthegroundup;itisathingthat and museums isnotsomethingthatwillbe The nationaldigitalplatform for libraries platform digital The future of the national this vision. funding demonstratesthetimelinessof million). Thatpotentialincreasein million)andmuseums ($3.5 ($5.3 Grant programsfor libraries through theIMLSNational Leadership platform priority, whichwouldbefunded million supportsthenationaldigital priority. Specifically, anadditional$8.8 includes a targeted increase for this budget request for IMLS for 2016 related tothispriority. reports, andcalls for proposals—that are information about webcasts, notes, website regularlypostsupdates—such as the nationaldigitalplatform. TheIMLS inform theparticularpriorityneeds for across the range of library sectors to together expertsontheseissuesfrom the librarycommunityinUS. leaders representingthevarioussectorsof ing through ongoing engagement with and leaders. These areas of focus are evolv and developingdigitallibraryprofessionals and expandsthecommunitiesof endusers, bring practicestoscale,workthatengages gaps inthatinfrastructure,investingto in successfuldigitalinfrastructure,filling range of areas.It meansfurtherinvestment their communities. of thosecomponentstomeettheneedsof country areequippedtomake thebestuse help ensurethatlibrariansacrossthe together and with other platforms, and to pieces, toimprovehowallcomponentsfit identify missingorunderdeveloped The challengetoourcommunityis country tomeettheneedsof theirusers. that areusedbylibrariesacrossthe national organizations and institutions shared servicesprovidedbyregionaland of opensourcesoftware projectsand improve. Theplatform existsintherange something thatwecanworktogetherto IMLS plans to continue bringing In this involves work ina the near term, z

- Secretariat atthe Library ofAmerica of theDigitalPublic served asdirector appointment, she Services. Priortoher Museum andLibrary for theInstituteof as actingdirector currently serves library servicesand deputy directorfor MAURA MARX Media. for HistoryandNew Rosenzweig Center lead fortheRoy and asthecommunity Library ofCongress Initiatives atthe the OfficeofStrategic a digitalarchivistin previously workedas Library Services.He of Museumand at theInstitute platform portfolio the nationaldigital officer responsiblefor the seniorprogram TREVOR OWENS library initiatives. collaborative digital libraries workingon and raisefundsfor worked tocatalyze Commons, whereshe Open Knowledge director ofthe served asexecutive Previously, she Harvard University. Berkman Centerat is is YEAR-ROUND READERS’ ADVISORY RESOURCES AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR ONLY $147.50.

booklistonline.com/subscribe @ALA_Booklist /ALA.Booklist Preserving the Born-Digital Record Many more questions than answers By James G. Neal e-content supplement to june 2015

| americanlibrariesmagazine.org

30 content, the repositoryassteward. content, And we must takecuration. care of the thesecure archive the as content, repository aspersistence. We must Wecollected. mustenableaccess,the cannot preservewhatwe have not the archiveasrepository, becausewe principles. We mustholdthecontent, preservation and archiving are four chaos. sites. Thisisthechallengeof repository dispersed into multiple and disparate difficult if they are deposited and access thesourcesof recordwillbe Theabilitytoare goneorchanged. compromised ifborn-digitalmaterials current stateof ourworldwillbe research andinvestigatethehistory records arenotavailable.Theabilityto will belostifthosedigital by researchersandauthors evidence andsourcesused ability to consult the undivided aspossible.The and complete, unimpaired, human recordsas of values,of maintaining ence toacodeandstandard rity, of thecollectiveadher and communityrecords. cultural, scientific,societal, address thisrisktoour sibilities, and will to resources, sharedrespon ogies, tools,financial do notdevelopthetechnol of a“digital darkage” ifwe Cerf warns us about the risk nity? Internet pioneerVint the globallibrarycommu failure oropportunityfor role of thelibrary?Is thisasourceof preservation andusability. Whatisthe andlong-termcapture, organization, challenge ustothinkcreativelyaboutits At thecoreof born-digitalcontent This isanissueof integ of thisinformation complexity, anddynamism material. The volume, amounts of born-digital world isproducingvast e areintrouble.The - - - - - observations n n n information business papers,andfinancial including email,manuscripts, n with personalpapers n wonderful expressions n ties andcorporations n materials n n and self-distribution the revolutioninself-publishing publishers anddistributors, the growing array of independent from academicpublishers, commercial andtradesources, e-video, ande-audio,from such as e-journals, ebooks, n just thefollowing examples: forms andformats. Consider in anever-expandingarrayof

Born-digital content comes websites andwebdocuments electronic archives that come electronic archivesthatcome research data from universi spatial dataand longitudinal online learningandtraining published and licensed works published andlicensedworks pictorial images the outputof e-government social mediainallof its organizational records, - the explosion: the symbiosisand demonstrate the pastfew yearswillillustrate ments. Someexamplesfrom describes importantdevelop whichdocuments andReport, publish the Horizon tium and theNew Media Consor EachyearEducausecontent. the explosioninborn-digital sity andintricacy. things thatwillgrowininten schema.org MARC, BIBFRAME,and n tions n world information fromaroundthe n privacy inherent challengesof patient n n proprietary andopensource n

New technologiesarefeeding with so manyAnd new so on, interoperable metadata, likeinteroperable metadata, visualizations and simula live feeds, like RSSandnews video games software applications,both medical data, withthemedical data, - - - -

31 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 32 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 change. We arenot sure howto and amandate for systemic We faceaneweconomic context quality, currency, andaccuracy. metadata chaosinterms of Weinnovation. arefacing the accelerationof collective advanced openarchitectureand gation inanenvironmentof network effects throughaggre the needtoachievescaleand service paradigms.We recognize library operationsandaging inefficientfrom redundant, to figureouthowmoveaway and expectations.We aretrying rapidly shiftinguserbehaviors trends. We areexperiencing libraries are confronting critical content comesatthepointwhen data meaning andunderstandingto n participation andinteraction n information management driving newforms of research n tions array of platforms andapplica n experiences n distribution andrepurposing n and thephysicalworld spaces thatconnectinformation n that linkmeaningtoanswers n relating structuredinformation n online content customized managementof n geolocation andgeotagging n applications distributed processingand n n

The challengeof born-digital massive open online learning mobile devicesandtablets games aslearningtoolswith semantic-aware applications linked dataconnectingand Big Data and big science electronic booksandthe smart objectsand visualizations thatbring open contentwithwide geo-everything, suchas the personalweband cloud computingwith - - content ispreservedbutalso sure thattheborn-digital functionality. How dowemake andsystem? method, purpose,spawn anewvision, or willthemassivechallenges to embraceborn-digitalcontent, roles and processes be extended and globalmandate.How willour Wement. respondtoasocietal community healthanddevelop research andscholarship, support of teachingandlearning, activities arecarriedoutin archive information. These Librariespreserveandtion. use, and applystand, informa disseminate, under interpret, enable users to navigate, synthesize information. Libraries acquire,andLibraries select, fit intowhatlibrariesdo? content. infrastructures of discoveryand and corporate control of the threats tonetworkneutrality, surveillance, securitymeltdowns, deal withconditionsof massive Quality equalscontentplus How doesborn-digitalcontent - - -

n modularity n elements n linkability n the information n (i.e., beingabletoasknewquestions) n constraints ontimeandgeography n information: the importantcharacteristicsof digital that weunderstandandaccommodate remains usablelongterm?Thatmeans threat mean that individual libraries identifiers. standards such as globally unique ticity andprovenance,theroleof obsolescence, theimportanceof authen the inevitability of physical and format ability, andversioningovertime.We see render to bemoresensitivecontext, longer tiedtoformat. We areencouraged wherecontentisno andfunction, text, consider the relationship among form,

The scope, depth, and cost Theof scope, depth, the Born-digital resourcesalsoforce usto its encyclopedicpotentialbutalso its volatilityandfragility the currencyandreal-timenatureof the searchabilityandresearchability accessibility andavailability, withno the collaborativeandinteractive its dynamismandfluidity - - ing about copyright. Libraries arecaptur ing aboutcopyright. preservation capacity without new think and successfulborn-digitalcontent together innewways. workflows, orstandardsunlesswework We willnothavethetechnologies,tools, principles of audit and rights succession. infrastructure replicationbuiltonsound (DPN), a backbone of diverse preservation work of the Digital Preservation Network example of suchaneffort intheUSis productivity, Anexcellent andinnovation. collaboration soastomaximizequality, programs, we must start from a position of infrastructures, ornewinitiativesand ornewthinking aboutmassproduction, creation of centersof excellence,ornew systemic strategies.Whetheritisthe partnerships throughnationalandglobal combinations andnewpublic–private promotingnewradicalize cooperation, Wepreservation ontheirown. needto cannot advanceborn-digitalcontent It willbechallenging tocreatearobust - - digital content. tive libraryfor thepreservationof born- take on responsibilitythroughthecollec destiny toservesociety’s interestand to predetermined professional role,fate, and and architecturalscalability?It isour needed for operational,organizational, and sustainabilityensured?Whatis efforts bestructuredandgoodgovernance quality beensured?How willcollaborative preserve? How willpersistenceand sound conditionsonwhattocollectand persistent value,andhowwillwemake will beused?Whatdigitalcontenthas expectations for digitalcontentandhowit challenge? Dowetrulyunderstanduser and scholarshiprespondingtothe that fund libraries and support learning these plans? place thefundingtoenableandsustain vation? How many libraries have put in andpreser content capture,description, How arethoseagenciesandfoundations rights? How dowemanage of opencontentandproprietary limitations? Whataboutthe issue between licensingandcopyright What shouldbetherelationship use, withthepublicinterest? orphan works,withtransformative born-digital contentintersectwith Where does the preservation of with technologyanduserneeds. successful. Ourlawisoutof sync digital preservationhave not been Copyright Act for purposes of tions inSection108of the produce newexceptionsorlimita materials asfairuse.Efforts to ing andpreservingdigital developed plansfor born-digital global networked context? national copyrightprovisionsin a How manylibrarieshavewell- z

- - - New YorkLibrary the Metropolitan Foundation, and the FreedomtoRead Association, OCLC, American Library on theboardsof University. Heserves emeritus atColumbia university librarian JAMES G.NEAL February 10,2015. Florence, Italy,on Council meetingin (EMEA) Regional East, andAfrica OCLC Europe,Middle by theauthorat a presentationgiven is partiallybasedon Council. Thisarticle is

33 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 americanlibrariesmagazine.org e-content supplement to june 2015

34 Toward the Post-Privacy Library? | Public policy technical and pragmatics of tracking marketing and Alice, and readseverythingshecanfindaboutpregnancy. it’s importantfor librariestounderstand newthreat social mediawidgets. behavior withthingslike Facebook “like” and buttons opposite, librariesarehelping userssharetheir about keeping that information Quitethe secret. waste of timeandenergyfor alibrarytoworry much Ithelp improvetheservicestheyrelyon. wouldbea gladly tradeusageinformation for convenienceorto like It’s that. notparticularlyprivate, andmostwould Huang is.Alotof alibraryusers’ digitalusagedatais people woulddiscoverwhatawonderfulwriterS.L. broadcast totheentireworldbecausemaybemore the contrary, I’d lovefor myreadingbehaviorto a potential terrorist because I’m reading National Security Agency is not goingtoidentify me as The worried aboutpeopleknowingthatIlovedit. are importantplotelements,butI’m not firearms technology, and computer hacking ( that’s mostlyunfamiliartolibraries. defended It’s against. a“threatmodel” usage isnotonlythinkable,itneedstobe which advertisersexploitAlice’s library flowing intoBigDataarchives.Thescenarioin digestedbyadvertisingnetworksand getting really isn’t andthedatais sensitiveuntilaggregated, now. Librariesandtheir patronsareawashindatathat never happens.It wouldbetoocreepy. mail aboutdiaperservices. the library, andafew monthslatershestartsgetting She reads lotion. local drugstore sends her coupons for scent-free skin some greatsuggestionsaboutnewborncarefor her. The When Alicevisitsherlocalbookstore,thestaffhas merchants andtellsthemthatAlicemightbepregnant. unglue.it/work/143177 Which iswhyAlice shouldbeveryworriedand why Recently, Ireadabookcalled In thedigitallibrary, thisfuturecouldbehappening Unthinkable? In thephysicallibrary, Ihopethis Noticing this,alibrariancallsupsomelocal a17-year-oldhighschoolstudent,goestoherlocalpubliclibrary What to Expect When You’re Expecting ). Uranium theft, Half Life

Half Life . On at Target. Target’s BigDataanalyticsteamdevelopeda described arealsituationinvolvingtheretailstore to occurandwhicharemostlikely topresentharm? models. Whatbreachesof userprivacyaremostlikely ment are considered, practices willcertainlychange. ment areconsidered, the threatmodels associatedwiththedigital environ a strong tradition of protecting user privacy. Once all searches getfactoredintoadvanced customermodels. their practices, it’s of time before only a matter library competitive,andunlesslibraries shift is extremely Butthedigitaladvertisingindustry that searching—yet. that manyadvertisementsarebeingtargetedbasedon local publiclibrary’s onlinecatalog.Iverymuchdoubt that’s preciselywhathappenswhenIdoasearchonmy pregnancy booksbroadcasttoadvertisingnetworks.Yet I don’twere a teen, think I would want mysearch for inventory ismostlikely toresultinauserresponse.If I They use their data to decide which ad from a huge companies thatsitinbetweenadvertisersandwebsites. Times, ny’s Accordingtothe algorithmhadidentified. baby-oriented productstocustomersthatthecompa baby diapers.Using themodel,Target sentadsfor out to be highly predictive of subsequent purchases of ballsturned vitaminsupplements,andcotton lotion, on shoppingbehavior. Purchasesof scent-freeskin customer modelthatidentifiedpregnantwomenbased A 2012 But itdoesn’t havetohappenthatway. Librarieshave received adsfor babyclothesandcribsaccused “In onecase,aniratefather whosedaughterhad about usersaretheadvertisingnetworks, the storeof encouraginghisdaughtertoget pregnant. Whenamanagercalledtoapolo pregnant. article apology.’ ” Among thecompaniescollectingBigData of. She’s Ioweyouan dueinAugust. ‘I gize, thefatherwassomewhatabashed. my houseIhaven’t beencompletelyaware had atalkwithmydaughter,’ ‘It hesaid. turns outthere’s beensomeactivitiesin inthe New York TimesMagazine By EricHellman New York - - -

(ADE), theprivacybehavior of thethirdparty application suchasAdobe Digital Editions can’t change. review theirvendorcontracts to make surethat these services.Here librariesshould again, advertising networktoexploitAlice’s useof this date, there is no practical way for an avoids thedisclosureof userdatatoAdobe.At whichOverDrive usethe“vendorID”method, ment (DRM) intheseapps,both3Mand cized theuseof Adobedigitalrightsmanage OverDrive or3M. Althoughmanyhavecriti exploit Alice’s useof readingappsfrom date, it’s verydifficultfor anadvertiserto reading behavior, albeit anonymously. At this such asOverDriveor3M, itmonitorsAlice’s local privacylaws. they are consistent with their own policies and privacy assurancesfromtheseservicestoseeif networks, butlibrariesshouldevaluatethe share Alice’s searchhistorywithadvertising Google AnalyticsandNew Relicdon’t currently privacy-leakage-on-library.html hellman.blogspot.com/2014/09/analysis-of- Alice’s searchhistoryinappropriately( possibility thatadvertisingnetworkswilluse evaluate thebenefits of thesewidgetsagainstthe user is on Facebook. Libraries need to carefully search activitytoFacebook whetherornotthe Similarly, Facebook sendauser’s like buttons user’s searchactivitytoadvertisingnetworks. such as AddThis or ShareThis that broadcast a not tomake theswitch. and there’s no good excuse in 2015 for libraries Thisisrelativelyeasyandcheap, this intrusion. using HTTPSfor theircatalogs,librariescanlimit AT&T tohelpadvertiserstargetmobileusers.By has beenusedbyproviderssuchasVerizon and if-your-website-still-uses-http-x-uidh.html header ( between herandthelibrary’s server. TheX-UIDH Alice,tointernetproviders hypothetical teen, searches. This exposes ebooksearchesfrom our analytics modelingcouldexploit. processes that advertisers and their predictive identifying privacyweaknessesinthe borrowing andreadinganebookof So let’s Here’s getstarted. theprocessof privacy Building 1. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. If Alicereadsherebookusingathird-party WhenAliceborrowsabookfromvendor Statistics and optimization services like Most librarycatalogsallownon- Some librarycatalogsusesocialwidgets go-to-hellman.blogspot.com/2014/11/ ). encrypted encrypted go-to- - - ) they’ll knowwhatshereads. Alice sharesherAmazonaccountwithothers, (non-anonymous) accountsfor convenience.If books. Most peoplewilljustusetheirown account onAmazonfor readingherlibrary Alice wouldneedtocreateananonymous behavior for marketing purposes.To avoidit, Amazon willbeabletoexploitherreading on aKindle(viaOverDrive),it’s verylikely that returns.” “past performance isnoguaranteeof future reputationfor privacy,better butastheysay, applications, such as Bluefire Reader, have a Other phone homewithencryptedreadingdata. ebook-libraries 10/06/adobe-spying-users-collecting-data- encryption ( sending userreadingdatabacktoAdobewithout comes intoplay. Lastyear, ADE wasfound tobe market for uranium-238. andno,I’mwant greatbookstoread, notinthe library totrackme,notadvertising networks!I Iwantmy have noincentivetoemploy them. but advertising networks control over that data, Technologiesshared. exist toprotecttheuser’s make use of personal information that’s been and often theexpectationisthatserviceswill are changing the way we think about our privacy, powerful sourceof information. Social networks her experienceandmake thelibraryamore from Alice’s searchesandreadingtoimprove libraries to be unduly afraid of using the data robust processestobeworthyof Alice’s trust. Alice’s family. Librariesneedclearpoliciesand rass Alice.Astaffmembermightbeafriend of defended databases looking for ways to embar schoolmate mighthackintothelibrary’s lightly demand toknowwhat she’s beenreading.A librarians. Alice’s parentscouldcomeinand data” threatmodelisperhapsmorefamiliarto potential sourceof This“small aprivacybreach. they do. understand theprivacyimplicationsof what same timelibrariesneedtomake surethatusers make theirownprivacydecisions,butatthe with itsdatause.Librariesneedtoletusers every incentivetomake thatusercomfortable not doanythingtoocreepy, andAmazonhas consider. A Kindle user trusts that Amazon will convenience tradeoff thatlibrariesneedto 6. In it’s thedigitalenvironment, easyfor 7. This isaclassicexampleof the privacyversus If Alicewantstoreadherborrowed Thelibrary’s own recordsarealsoa the-digital-reader. ). Eventoday, it’s knownto z com/2014/ ebook -

ERIC HELLMAN at BellLabs, physics research After 10yearsdoing and workedthere company toOCLC libraries, soldthat technology for that builtlinking started acompany launched ane-journal, electronic publishing, got interestedin else (atUnglue.it). libraries andeveryone free ebooksworkfor do wouldbetomake important thingto decided thatthe Hellman), andfinally blogging (atGoTo a fewyears,started

35 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 36 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 T Recruiting librarianship’s brightest best and Economic inequality mostcertainlyplays a rolein Horrigan’s June 2014 paper “ literacy skillsneededfor robustonline use.(SeeJohn B. adults, the library customer lacks thebasic digital ficient if, like approximately 70 million American the libraryasproviderof accesstotechnology isinsuf build relationshipswithourcustomers. For instance, viewed astrustedadvisors,buttrustgrowsonlywhenwe and collaborative.Libraryprofessionals needtobe creates valuetodayinwaysthatarefarmorepersonal almost exclusively as content providers. Library work cornered themarket oninformation, deliveringvalue embrace learning.Gonearethedayswhenlibraries creative, and customer-focused, and—above all—must landscape, libraryorganizationsmustbenimble, dynamics of thevariouscommunitiestheyserve. library professionals keep pacewiththechanging future for the information profession if, of course, organizations, and economies, and they represent the and knowledge are essential to successful communities, critically importantriskmitigationstrategy. Education telecommunications infrastructure—representsa growth—public services such as schools, libraries, and libraries isthatinvestmentindriversof inclusive economies and social fragility. The good news for cious because of the inherent instability of weak as rising socioeconomic inequality particularly perni This interdependence on a global scale makes risks such in farmorecomplexwaysthanwehaveeverconceived. information bindcountries,economies,andbusinesses In ordertobeeffective inthisevolvingglobal communication systems and enhanced access to communication systemsandenhancedaccessto social, andenvironmentalchange.Faster which contributes to rapid political, economic, increasingly interconnected global landscape, echnological advancements are driving an Digital Readiness .”) .”) - - and online content. online and devices, internet-connected toaccess physical material, equitable providing experts, information format-agnostic library professionals must become reserved to aparticular conduit, At a time when content is not By SariFeldmanandHallieRich

and more,customers expectlibraryprofes to publiclibraries, academiclibraryspaces, bar” for everydayusers.From schoollibraries Today’s libraryprofessionals are the“genius Engage customers stakeholders. the profession, andsecuresfundingfromkey resonates with the customer, talent to attracts viability. We must tell the story in a way that sional istheonlywaytoensureourfuture communicating thevalueof thelibraryprofes people. Thisdistinctionisimportantbecause and more about what we do for (and with) library is less about what we have for people Today’scraft thequestionstheyneedtoask. question for customersandhelping between tracking down an answer to a library professionals see the critical difference at thispoint);it’s aboutdemonstratingthat (althoughbothimagesaretiredtropes tattoos gray bunsandglasseswithpinkhair library professional. It’s notaboutreplacing library profession torecasttheimageof the ers byfacilitatinglearningexperiences. unique information needs of library custom value today. Libraryprofessionals supportthe digital readiness—istheonewhoprovides direct thecustomertoresourcesthatsupport or teach, relationships—one who can coach, Thelibraryprofessionaltion. whobuilds global economythatrequiresdigitalparticipa digital divideandaconditionexacerbatedby digital literacy, servingboth asadriverof the Now isthetimefor thoseof uswithinthe - - - - touch environment, thetalentsandskillstouch environment, respond toan increasingly high-tech/high- As thelibraryprofession transforms to professionals new Attract cooking themealwithcustomers. are not just providing the menu; they are ideas andstoriesfromtheircustomers. ing learning experiences that inspire great available totheircustomers;theyaredeliver making otherpeople’s greatideasandstories and publiclibraryenvironmentarenotsimply sionals intheacademiclibrary, schoollibrary, for thenewlibraryprofessional. Profes creating contentisopeningopportunities movement fromconsuming contentto managing BigDatarepositories.The stores andstimulatinginnovationby supporting researchersusingBigData publish contentonlibraryplatforms; and development; helpingindieauthorsself- videorecordingandediting,app tion, includinganima training indigitalmedia, sionals are atthe forefront of providing learning opportunitiesgrow, libraryprofes expectations anddemandfor experiential As and servicestostimulatecontentcreation. offer makerspaces software, withequipment, others. For example, libraries of all kinds now their owncontentandmake itavailableto entrepreneurs, orcuriouscreatives—develop ingly helpcustomers—betheystudents, meaning of “access” evolvingasweincreas the libraryprofessional’s wecan see the work, To put it another way, library professionals is notadramatictransformation of ogy intothecontentproviderspace ties associatedwithtechnology. economic, andsocialopportuni take advantageof theeducational, ers developtheskillsneededto content allwhilehelpingcustom connected devices, and online to physicalmaterial,internet- experts, providing equitable access informationformat-agnostic professionals mustbecome libraryto aparticularconduit, time whencontentisnotreserved format of thatinformation. Ata tion needsregardlessof the sionals tosupporttheirinforma While theadditionof technol ------

37 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 38 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 based economy. However, libraryprofessionals als deliversignificant valueinaknowledge- It stands to reason that information profession agenda advocacy and policy information Advance future talentattraction. challenging questionswillbecrucialto designing innovativeapproachestotackling working withpeople,solvingproblems,and Appealing totheinterestsof thosewhoenjoy describes contemporary library work. nected globalcommunitymoreaccurately an educationalresourcefor a moreintercon “internet of things.” ment servicedeliverythroughthegrowing andgovern tions inhealthcare,education, that helpcustomersaccessrobustinnova of openaccesstodeveloptraining programs als arerallyingaroundourprofessional value customers. For instance,libraryprofession meaningful learningexperiencesfor disruptions intechnologytodeliver tional libraryvaluescanleveragedynamic We needtoclearlydemonstratehowtradi passive vehicles for content consumption? grounded in old stereotypes of libraries as their schoolorpubliclibraryor, worse, limited tosimplydownloadingcontentfrom experience withlibraryorganizationsmaybe will werecruittalentwhenthattalent’s transformation withinourprofession. How the libraryworkplacetobepartof the plan for bringingthebestandbrightestto their life. foot intoalibraryfor thefirsttwodecades of possible thatsomeindividualswillneverset mobile technologyis that it’s entirely One implicationof thisrapidadoptionof connected topeople,places,andthings24/7. almost asdifficulttoimaginenotbeing always availableinyourpocket, butnowitis imagine havingaworldof information for alllibrarytypes. talent todeliverinthenewservicemodels library profession andcreatingapipelineof starting totelladifferent storyaboutthe more diverseandcreativeworkforce by necessarily changing.We needtorecruita embodied byalllibraryprofessionals are It wasdifficultevenadecadeagoto Repositioning thelibraryprofessional as weneedtodevelopa Given thiscontext,

------public communities. strong schools, colleges,universities,and professionals aretheessentialelementof economic opportunityfor all.Library involved citizenryandensure digitaland around people to buildan educated and new libraryworkers mustfindtheirpassion public interest. more withissuesthatadvancethebroader sions thatdeallesswithlibraryfundingand credibility canbehelpfulinpolicydiscus of Thiskind of inclusivegrowth. the context the library professional supports learning in most successful when we demonstrate how decision makers andinfluencerswillbe sional in ways that resonate with national Articulating thevalueof thelibraryprofes collaboratively, regardless of library type. profession when we advocate collectively and Electronic CommunicationsPrivacyAct. neutrality, theUSAPatriot andthe Act, related tobroadbandaccess(E-Rate), net recent legislativeandregulatoryefforts intellectual freedomhavebeenactivatedin core values of equitable access, privacy, and energizing ourprofession. Theprofession’s issues of nationalinformation policy library funding,wealsoseeadvocacy around social growthistosecureandstabilize libraries make inthewayof economicand positive androbustcontributionsthat While thepriorityincommunicating efforts of acoordinated advocacyapproach. provides criticaldirectiontomaximizethe Office for Information Technology Policy businesses. foundations, government agencies, and tions andprospectivecollaboratorssuchas national levelandwithfundingorganiza the agendasof key decisionmakers atthe powerful whenwealignouroutcomeswith within libraryorganizations—willbemost expanding opportunitiesthatstillremain critical role in the digital age—and the awareness of thelibraryprofessional’s in economicandsocialterms.Elevating outreach thatillustratesthevalueof libraries through strategiccommunicationand national decisionmakers andinfluencers engagehave theopportunitytobetter The Policy Revolution!initiativeof ALA’s Today ourexperienced professionals and Ultimately, wewillbemostsuccessfulasa z - - - SARI FELDMAN systems. busiest publiclibrary nation’s bestand become oneofthe CCPL hasgrownto Feldman’s leadership, Library (CCPL).Under County (Ohio)Public director ofCuyahoga elect andexecutive is ALApresident- engagement strategy. and stakeholder development, system’s marketing, CCPL. Sheleadsthe external relationsat communications and is directorof HALLIE RICH

Friday, June 26, 8:30 ~ 4:30 A Jane-athon is a hackathon for metadata about Jane Austen and her works, where catalogers, developers, and vendors get together to explore RDA and its application beyond the MARC environment. For more info and to register visit www.rdatoolkit.org/janein 40 americanlibrariesmagazine.org | e-content supplement to june 2015 Digital Content Digital PolicyA Revolution for Engaging decision makers influencers and For domain of libraries—from BigDataand3D aware of thebroad and ever-expanding ment— and individual empower nity engagement, employment toentrepreneurship, commu in multipledomains—fromeducation and Contemporary librariesserve communities The need for arevolution the digitalsociety. contributions of contemporarylibrariesin do so in ways that undermine the value and affect libraries’ abilitytoservecommunities people whomake importantdecisionsthat the worldischanging.However, manyof the but alsomoregenerally. This istruefor ebooks and largepublishers, mainstream wayof thinkingandoperating. stance must become the library community’s access to ebooks. Leading the charge for ALA community toadvocatefor improvedlibrary been engagedinoutreachtothepublishing American LibraryAssociation(ALA)has is itsDigitalContentWorking Group By VaileyOehlkeandAlanS.Inouye tions for libraries.Aproactivepolicy The worldischanging.Libraries’ placein the pastseveralyears, (DCWG), withthestronganddirect would have likely worsened the condi involvement of theALAExecutive publishers totake different actions The E’s ofLibraries Board. ThisworkisespeciallyBoard. catalyzed thisinitiative.Waiting for significant because of itsproactive of library ebooklendingin2011 nature: not waiting for publishers community. own action on behalf of the library and otherstoactbutinitiatingour The poor and deteriorating state The pooranddeterioratingstate . Librarians are well . Librariansarewell - - -

policies andpractices. changes ingovernmentalorinstitutional increases, newcollaborations,ordesired be lessinclinedtosupportfunding stand thevalueandpotentialof librarieswill decision makers whodonotfullyunder libraries andthepeopleweserve.National disconnect is a strategic problem for possibilities for the future of libraries. This what libraries do today, much less the great encers areoften unawareof thefullrangeof local collectionsandmuchmore. printing toebookpublishinganddigitizing n media n sector (especiallyfoundations) n tion andtechnologyindustries n n the benefit of all. increase theirengagementwithlibrariesfor national prioritiesandgoalsthento rary librariescan(anddo)contributeto influencers tounderstandhowcontempo nationaldecisionmakers andon getting (COSLA). Thecoreof theinitiativefocuses Chief Officersof StateLibraryAgencies Gates Foundation and partnership with the with sponsorshipfromtheBill&Melinda tive wasbornatALA’s Washington office, policy. Thus,thePolicy Revolution!Initia libraries, weneedarevolutioninpublic libraries. outreach needs to become commonplace for facing librariestoday. Butthiskindof understanding of theissuesandchallenges colleagues helps create a more cohesive language thattheycansharewiththeir Congress arelevantperspectiveandspecific other librariesaswell.Offering members of andthisisthecasefordelegation, some relationships withourcongressional fromestablishingongoing have benefitted

researchers

At Multnomah County(Oreg.)Library, we But nationaldecisionmakers andinflu Influencers include: National decisionmakers include: Just aswe’ve hadarevolutioninour executives atcompaniesintheinforma officials fromthe federalgovernment selected leadersinthenot-for-profit reporters andothermembers of the - - - - - n association leaders n fellow advocates National public policy agenda The initiative has three prongs. The first prong entails developing a national public policy agenda to provide guidance to the library community on its proactive policy directions. The community needs to come together on VAILEY OEHLKE is a unified policy message. If our varying director of Multnomah County (Oreg.) Library, libraries, library organizations, and president-elect of national library leaders convey conflict- the Public Library Association, and a ing messages to Washington, D.C., New member of the Policy York City, or Silicon Valley, national Revolution! Library Advisory Committee. decision makers and influencers will have difficulty understanding how libraries best contribute to important national goals or what libraries need. The initial draft of this policy agenda was developed in fall 2014, coordinated through both of these prongs is the establishment the initiative’s Library Advisory Committee, of a Public Policy Advisory Council to which has broad representation from the provide advice and avenues for new library community. On the eve of the 2015 collaborations with promising entities ALA Midwinter Meeting & Exhibits, a draft beyond the library world. was released for public comment. At The Policy Revolution! Initiative and the ALAN S. INOUYE Midwinter, representatives of the Policy policy agenda are focused at the national is director of ALA’s Office for Information Revolution! Initiative sought input from level. However, the agenda may well serve as Technology Policy, multiple units of ALA. With this feedback, a a template for state and local policy thinking based in Washington, D.C. He is co-principal final version of the national public policy and planning. Once we get beyond the investigator of the agenda will be released by summer 2015. agenda and into engagement and advocacy, Policy Revolution! Initiative and program This policy agenda is intended to repre- the levels become much less distinct. As the manager of ALA’s sent the field, so entities in the library adage goes, “All politics is local.” Digital Content Initiative. community would typically focus on differ- It is imperative for libraries to embrace ent components of it—for example, the this collective action as a new mode of various ALA divisions and the Urban thinking and operating. As the world around Libraries Council would each likely empha- us and the needs of those we serve change at size different elements than COSLA and the breakneck speed, we must continue our Association of Research Libraries. The goal proactive efforts in unison. Working is that each library organization develops its together to engage decision makers and own policy priorities under the rubric of this influencers at all levels will help keep national public policy agenda so national libraries at the center of conversations about policy advocacy for libraries can be better the health and vitality of the communities e-content supplement to june 2015

interconnected and amplified. and institutions we serve. |

For millennia, libraries have been trusted Engagement and advocacy centers of knowledge and tools for human The second prong is to engage decision progress. It’s up to us to inform and help makers and influencers more proactively, shape policy decisions that will continue our robustly, and broadly once the national proud legacy of service—now and for untold public policy agenda is complete. The third generations to come. prong, pursued in concert with the second To learn more, visit ala.org/offices/ one, is to develop ALA’s capacity for policy PR-documents or send an email to oitp@ z advocacy. An early activity that supports alawash.org. americanlibrariesmagazine.org

41 Access American Libraries Magazine on Your Mobile Device! Get FREE access to issues of American Libraries, including several back issues.

NEW!

Just visit Apple’s iTunes store or Google Play and search for “American Libraries.”