Kajian Morfometri Gastropoda Di Perairan Pantai Desa Tapak Kecamatan Tugu Kota Semarang

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Kajian Morfometri Gastropoda Di Perairan Pantai Desa Tapak Kecamatan Tugu Kota Semarang JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2014, Halaman 566-577 Online di: http://e ournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/ mr KAJIAN MORFOMETRI GASTROPODA DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DESA TAPAK KECAMATAN TUGU KOTA SEMARANG Yopie Anggara Putra ), Muhammad &ainuri, Hadi Endrawati Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan, ,a-ultas Peri-anan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas 0ipenogoro Kampus Tembalang, Semarang 50275 Telp/,ax. 024-7474612 Email : [email protected] A ( S T R A K Perairan pantai desa Tapak merupakan salah satu daerah yang telah mengalami degradasi lingkungan akibat adanya perubahan alih ungsi lahan yaitu dari kawasan hutan mangrove menjadi daerah pertambakan dan perindustrian. Degradasi lingkungan ini menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas lingkungan sehingga akan mempengaruhi populasi gastropoda, dimana menggunakan daerah tersebut sebagai habitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mor ometri, hubungan panjang dan berat, serta aktor kondisi gastropoda yang ada di Perairan Pantai Desa Tapak, Kecamatan Tugu, Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah perairan pantai desa Tapak, Kec. Tugu, Kota Semarang yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober sampai November tahun 2013. Sampel gastropoda diambil dengan menggunakan transek ukuran 1.1 meter, selama 4 kali pengambilan sampel dengan selang waktu dua minggu sekali. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskripti eksplorati dengan pendekatan metode Sample Survey 4ethod. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 3 stasiun yaitu stasiun 1 yang merupakan daerah bersubstrat pasir, stasiun 2 yaitu merupakan daerah dengan pohon mangrove, dan stasiun 3 merupakan daerah dengan substrat berlumpur, dengan metode pertimbangan 0purposive sampling method). Data kualitas perairan terdiri dari suhu, salinitas, DO, p1 dan substrat sedimen, diambil secara bersamaan dengan sampling gastropoda. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis untuk diketahui jenis, mor ologi, panjang, lebar, dan beratnya. 1asil penelitian menunjukan bahwa gastropoda yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah jenis C. cingulata sebesar 236 ekor dan C. coralium sebesar 244 ekor. Kelas ukuran panjang cangkang dari C. cingulata berada di kisaran diantara 15,1 3 35,0 mm dan C. coralium berada di kisaran diantara 20,1 4 25,0 mm. Kelas ukuran lebar cangkang dari C. cingulata berada di kisaran diantara 5,6 4 7,0 mm dan C. coralium berada di kisaran diantara 7,1 4 2,5 mm. Kelas ukuran lebar operculum dari C. cingulata berada di kisaran diantara 5,1 4 6,0 mm dan C. coralium berada di kisaran diantara 4,1 4 5,0 mm. 1ubungan panjang dan berat gastropoda yang diperoleh bersi at allometrik negati . Nilai aktor kondisi gastropoda jenis C. cingulata berkisar 1,446 4 2,224 dan pada jenis C. coralium berkisar antara 0,921 4 1,924. Kata Kunci : 7or ometri, 8astropoda, Desa Tapak A ( S T R A C T Tapak coastal waters is one o the areas which has an environmental degradation due to land conversion as an industrial area. The impact o the environmental degradation will in luence the e.istence o the gastropods population, due to their habitats. The aim o the research is to know the mor ometri, length and weight relationships, and actor conditions, in the Tapak coastal waters, district Tugu, Semarang. The research was done in the Tapak coastal waters, district Tugu, Semarang rom October to November 2013. The gastropods samples were collected using transect 1.1 meter. The sampling was conducted or 4 times, with 2 weeks interval. This research was done in a descriptive e.ploratory method by Sample Survey approach 7ethod. In the study has established three stations, namely station 1 which was an area o sand substrate, station 2 was an area o mangrove, and station 3 was an area muddy substrate, based on the purposive sampling method. The water :uality parameters such as temperature, salinity, DO,p1, and substrate sediment were simultaneously measured. The data were analyzed or known types, morphology, length, width, and weight. There are 236 individus o C. cingulata and 244 individus o C. coralium were ound during the research. The length shell o C. cingulata between 15,1 3 35,0 mm, while C. coralium between 20,1 4 25,0 mm. The length shell o C. cingulata between 5,6 4 7,0 mm, while C. coralium between 7,1 4 2,5 mm. The operculum length o C. cingulata between 5,1 4 6,0 mm, while C. coralium between 4,1 *) Penulis penanggung awab 566 JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2014, Halaman 566-577 Online di: http://e ournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/ mr 4 5,0 mm. The length 3 weight relationship o the two gastropod show an allometri negative. The conditions actor value o gastropod C. cingulata ranges rom 1,44632,224, while C. coralium show a range between 0,92131,924. Key,-ords : 7or ometri, 8astropods, Tapak *) Penulis penanggung awab PENDAHULUAN siklus hidup gastropoda. Suwondo, et al Laut Indonesia mempunyai wilayah 02006) menambahkan bahwa kelimpahan pesisir yang tersusun atas beberapa dan distribusi gastropoda dipengaruhi oleh ekosistem, seperti hutan mangrove, aktor3 aktor lingkungan setempat, seperti estuaria, pertambakan dan terumbu aktor isika3kimia 0suhu, salinitas, derajat karang 0Nontji, 2007). Ekosistem3 keasaman 0p1), pasang3surut, kandungan ekosistem di wilayah pesisir tersebut bahan organik dan ukuran butir), merupakan daerah yang memiliki ketersediaan makanan, pemangsaan, dan kekayaan habitat yang beragam serta kompetisi. Studi ini dilakukan untuk memiliki tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi. mengetahui mor ometri gastropoda yang Romimohtarto dan Juwana 02005) ada di perairan pnatai Desa Tapak, menambahkan bahwa ekosistem3 Kecamatan Tugu, Kota Semarang. ekosistem di wilayah pesisir mempunyai ungsi ekologis. Fungsi ekologis ini terkait dengan daya dukung dari lingkungan MATERI DAN METODE seperti ketersediaan nutrisi, intensitas 7ateri yang digunakan dalam cahaya, kandungan oksigen dan unsur penelitian ini adalah sampel gastropoda hara yang merupakan salah satu indikator yang diambil di Perairan Pantai Desa tingkat kesuburan dan produktivitas Tapak Kecamatan Tugu, Semarang. perairan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan Desa Tapak, Kecamatan Tugu, Kota metode penelitian des-riptif e-sploratif. Semarang merupakan wilayah pesisir yang banyak ditumbuhi mangrove dan 7etode des-riptif yaitu suatu metode memiliki ekosistem yang baik, namun saat penelitian yang digunakan untuk ini sudah banyak mengalami kerusakan. membuat pencandraan mengenai situasi Kerusakan tersebut disebabkan oleh atau kejadian secara sistematis, aktual adanya perubahan alih ungsi kawasan dan akurat terhadap kejadian atau hutan mangrove menjadi lahan tentang populasi tertentu pada wilayah pertambakan dan perindustrian 0industri pengolah bahan dasar minuman, industri dimana salah satu cirinya adalah kertas, industri sabun, dan industri membuat perbandingan dan evaluasi pencetak kain) 0Yusu dan 8entur, 2004). 0Suryabrata, 1992). Pengelolaan wilayah yang kurang baik 7etode pengumpulan data yang tersebut menyebabkan kenaikan digunakan adalah Sample Survey 4ethod permukaan air laut dan pencemaran yaitu metode pengumpulan data dengan sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya cara mencatat sebagian kecil populasi degradasi lingkungan. Degradasi lingkungan ini akan mengakibatkan tetapi hasilnya diharapkan dapat penurunan daya dukung lingkungan baik menggambarkan si at populasi yang di badan sungai maupun di muara. diselidiki. 7etode sample survey ini Penurunan kualitas lingkungan yang merupakan metode yang secara disebabkan oleh pollutan seperti kuantitati menentukan pengambilan menurunnya ketersediaan nutrisi dan keputusan atau kesimpulan secara umum kandungan oksigen akan menjadi penghambat dan penyebab kegagalan JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2014, Halaman 566-577 Online di: http://e ournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/ mr dengan keadaan lingkungan alam yang oleh tali, dengan kedalaman 10 cm dipelajari 0Suwignyo, 1976). 0Sasekumar, 1974). Selanjutnya sampel Penentuan stasiun sampling yang terkumpul dimasukan ke botol menggunakan Purposive sampling sampel dan diberi pengawet berupa method, yaitu pemilihan sekelompok ormalin 10% yang telah dicampur dengan subjek didasarkan atas ciri3ciri tertentu rose bengal. yang dipandang mempunyai kaitan erat Pengukuran kualitas air dilakukan dengan ciri3ciri yang sudah diketahui bersamaan pada saat pengambilan sampel sebelumnya. gastropoda 0Insitu), sedangkan Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada pengukuran kandungan bahan organik bulan Oktober 4 November 2013 dan dan ukuran butir sedimen dilakukan di tanggal pengambilan sampel di ambil dua Laboratorium APIK Kota semarang dan minggu sekali. Dalam penelitian ini, Laboratorium Aadan Aesar Teknologi pengambilan sampel menggunakan Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri transek kuadran 01m . 1m) dan dibatasi 0AATPPI) Kota Semarang. Gambar 1. Peta Daerah Penelitian di Perairan Pantai Desa Tapak, Tugu, Semarang. Morfometri Gastropoda 7 8 9max - 9min Pengukuran mor ometri gastropoda dimana: ditentukan berdasarkan ukuran panjang J D kisaran 0indEm2) dan lebar cangkang yang ditemukan pada Fma. D Panjang 7aksimum biota. Data yang diperoleh kemudian akan Fmin D Panjang 7inimun dikelompokkan ke dalam beberapa kelas ukuran dengan membuat tabel distribusi ukuran dan gra ik histogram rekuensi Jumlah kelas yang tersedia 0k) untuk ukuran. Struktur ukuran dianalisis dengan jumlah sampel yang diperoleh dihitung menggunakan rumus yang dikemukakan sebagai berikut : oleh Balpole 01995) dalam Cneputty dan Tala 02011) sebagai berikut: K D 1 G 3,3 log n JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2014, Halaman 566-577
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