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0 Jurnal Identifikasi Gastropoda Di Ekosistem 0 JURNAL IDENTIFIKASI GASTROPODA DI EKOSISTEM PADANG LAMUN KAMPUNG MADONG KELURAHAN KAMPUNG BUGIS KECAMATAN TANJUNGPINANG KOTA PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU OLEH NADIA INDAH PRATIWI FAKULTAS PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN UNIVERSITAS RIAU PEKANBARU 2019 1 The Identification of Gastropods in Seagrass Ecosystem of Madong Village, Kampung Bugis Village, Tanjungpinang Kota District, Kepulauan Riau Province By Nadia Indah Pratiwi1); Eddiwan2); Efawani 2) Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, University of Riau [email protected] Abstract Madong Village is one of the coastal areas that is overgrown by vegetation in the form of seagrass which is a habitat for marine life, among other is gastropods. The presence of community activities around the seagrass ecosystem might affect the quality of waters and organisms associated with the ecosystem, especially gastropods. Information about the species of gastropods in the region is still limited. To find out the species of gastropods in the seagrass ecosystem of Madong Village, this research was conducted in March-April 2019. There are 3 research stations, and each station has 3 line transects with 1x1 m quadrat. The results shown that the gastropods found consisted of 5 families and 6 species, which are: Cerithium coralium, Cerithidea cingulata, Strombus canarium, Strombus urceus, Pyrene scripta, and Nassarius crematus. The conditions of the water quality obtained ware temperature ranges from 30-32º C, current speed 0.15 m/sec, dissolved oxygen 6.7-6.9 mg/L, acidity (pH) 8, salinity 31-35 ‰. The type of substrate at Station I and II is muddy sand, while Station III is sandy mud. Keywords: Madong Village, seagrass ecosystems, gastropods species, Cerithium coralium, Strombus urceus. 1) Students of the Fisheries and Marine Faculty, University of Riau 2) Lecturer of the Fisheries and Marine Faculty, University of Riau 2 Identifikasi Gastropoda di Ekosistem Padang Lamun Kampung Madong, Kelurahan Kampung Bugis, Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Kota, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Oleh Nadia Indah Pratiwi 1); Eddiwan 2); Efawani 2) Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Riau [email protected] Abstrak Kampung madong merupakan salah satu wilayah pesisir yang ditumbuhi oleh vegetasi berupa padang lamun yang merupakan habitat bagi biota laut salah satunya yaitu gastropoda. Adanya aktifitas masyarakat di sekitar kawasan ekosistem padang lamun dikhawatirkan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas perairan dan organisme yang berasosiasi di ekosistem tersebut terutama gastropoda. Informasi mengenai jenis-jenis gastropoda di kawasan tersebut masih terbatas. Untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis gastropoda di ekosistem padang lamun Kampung Madong, penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2019. Terdapat 3 stasiun penelitian, dan masing-masing stasiun terdapat 3 transek garis dengan kuadrat 1x1 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gastropoda yang ditemukan terdiri dari 5 famili dan 6 spesies, yaitu: Cerithium coralium, Cerithidea cingulata, Strombus canarium, Strombus urceus, Pyrene scripta dan Nassarius crematus. Kondisi kualitas perairan yang diperoleh: suhu berkisar 30-32ºC, kecepatan arus 0,15 m/dtk, oksigen terlarut 6,7-6,9 mg/L, derajat keasaman (pH) 8, salinitas 31-35 ‰. Jenis substrat dasar pada Stasiun I dan II yaitu pasir berlumpur, sedangkan Stasiun III yaitu lumpur berpasir. Kata kunci : Kampung Madong, ekosistem padang lamun, jenis-jenis gastropoda, Cerithium coralium, Strombus urceus. 1) Mahasiswa Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Riau 2) Dosen Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Riau 3 PENDAHULUAN METODE PENELITIAN Kampung Madong merupakan Waktu dan Tempat wilayah yang terletak di Kelurahan Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Kampung Bugis, Kecamatan bulan Maret-April 2019. Lokasi Tanjungpinang Kota, Provinsi penelitian bertempat di Kampung Kepulauan Riau. Di sekitar pesisir Madong Kelurahan Kampung Bugis Kampung Madong terdapat beberapa Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Kota aktifitas masyarakat yang Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Analisis memanfaatkan kawasan tersebut untuk sampel gastropoda dilakukan di kegiatan budidaya ikan di keramba Laboratorium Biologi Perairan, jaring apung (KJA), perikanan tangkap sedangkan untuk analisis fraksi (pancing, jaring, bubu, tombak udang, sedimen dilakukan di Laboratorium maupun pemungutan biota secara Kimia Laut Fakultas Perikanan dan langsung), jalur pelayaran kapal-kapal Kelautan Universitas Riau. nelayan, pemukiman penduduk, dan juga restaurant seafood yang Bahan dan Alat merupakan salah satu tempat Bahan yang digunakan dalam masyarakat Kampung Madong menjual penelitian ini adalah sampel hasil tangkapannya selepas melaut. gastropoda, sampel substrat, aquades Daerah ini memiliki substrat dasar dan formalin 4%. berupa lumpur, pasir, dan kerikil yang Alat yang digunakan dalam ditumbuhi oleh vegetasi berupa hutan penelitian ini adalah Thermometer, tali mangrove dan padang lamun. Salah satu tambang, botol plastik, stopwatch, organisme yang hidup berasosiasi pada pipa paralon, plastik klip, cawan, ekosistem padang lamun yaitu oven, beaker glass, saringan gastropoda. bertingkat, DO meter, kertas dan Kondisi ekosistem padang lamun Indikator pH, refraktometer, pipet Kampung Madong masih terbilang baik tetes, Ember, tali tambang, petakan hingga saat ini meskipun pada kawasan kuadrat 1x1, plastik klip, caliper tersebut terdapat beberapa aktifitas digital, timbangan digital dan buku masyarakat dan aktifitas pasca penam- identifikasi. bangan pasir. Namun, pada ekosistem Metode tersebut masih ditemukan berbagai Metode penelitian yang tepat jenis organisme akuatik yang biasa digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ditangkap oleh nelayan salah satunya metode survei dimana ekosistem yaitu gastropoda. Jenis gastropoda padang lamun Kampung Madong yang biasa ditangkap oleh nelayan dijadikan sebagai lokasi penelitian, yaitu siput gong-gong (Strombus sp.). sedangkan sampel gastropoda dan Akan tetapi, diduga tidak hanya jenis lingkungan perairannya dijadikan objek siput gonggong saja yang hidup di penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan ekosistem padang lamun tersebut. berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Data primer adalah data yang mengetahui jenis-jenis gastropoda yang diperoleh secara langsung dari terdapat di ekosistem padang lamun objeknya atau data yang dikumpulkan Kampung Madong. Sedangkan manfaat dan diolah langsung oleh peneliti, yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini sedangkan data sekunder adalah data adalah untuk memberikan informasi yang diperoleh dari buku, skripsi dan mengenai jenis-jenis gastropoda yang publikasi ilmiah atau jurnal. terdapat di ekosistem padang lamun Kampung Madong. 4 Prosedur 1. Tali transek direntangkan dari arah Penentuan Stasiun Pengamatan darat menuju ke arah laut, panjang Penentuan stasiun pengamatan transek tergantung pada luasan atau ditentukan berdasarkan metode ketebalan padang lamun. Pada purposive sampling, yaitu penentuan setiap stasiun terdapat 3 transek stasiun pengamatan dengan garis (lintasan transek), jarak antara memperhatikan berbagai pertimbangan transek satu dengan yang lainnya kondisi di lokasi penelitian. Sampel yaitu 50 meter. yang diambil dari stasiun telah 2. Kemudian petakan kuadrat 1x1 m ditentukan berdasarkan karakteristik diletakkan secara sistematis dengan yang berbeda dan aktifitas. jarak antara petakan satu dengan Karakteristik stasiun penelitian di yang lainnya yaitu 10 m di ekosistem padang lamun Kampung sepanjang lintasan transek. Madong berdasarkan kriterianya yaitu: 3. Sampel gastropoda diambil dengan Stasiun I : Berada pada titik koordinat cara mengambil semua gastropoda 0º58’42.32”LU-104º28’22.66”BT. yang ada di substrat dasar, akar dan Merupakan kawasan pertama ditemukan batang lamun dengan cara padang lamun di Kampung Madong memungut dengan menggunakan yang berdekatan dengan aktifitas tangan (hand collector). Sedangkan budidaya ikan di keramba jaring apung untuk gastropoda yang hidup (KJA) kawasan pemukiman dan membenamkan diri di dalam restaurant seafood. Antara Stasiun I dan substrat diambil dengan Stasiun II berjarak 1,46 km. menggunakan sekop kecil dan Stasiun II : Berada pada titik diletakkan di atas ayakan. koordinat 0º58’53.85”LU-104º27’36. 4. Gastropoda yang telah didapatkan 18”BT. Kawasan padang lamun yang dimasukkan ke dalam ember merupakan area perikanan tangkap. kemudian dibersihkan. Antara Stasiun II dan Stasiun III 5. Sampel yang telah bersih kemudian berjarak 1,03 km. dimasukkan ke dalam plastik klip Stasiun III : Berada pada titik koordinat yang telah diberi formalin 4%. 0º58’49.11”LU-104º27’2.87”BT. Setiap sampel diberi label stasiun Merupakan kawasan terakhir dan tanggal pengambilan sampel ditemukannya padang lamun di untuk diidentifikasi di Kampung Madong yang berbatasan Laboratorium Biologi Perairan dengan Desa Sebauk. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Riau. Pengambilan Sampel Gastropoda Teknik pengambilan sampel Identifikasi Gastropoda gastropoda dilakukan pada saat air laut Identifikasi gastropoda megacu surut dengan kedalaman air 30-40 cm pada buku identifikasi dari Carpenter selama empat kali di setiap stasiun dan Niem (1998), Abbot (1974) dan dengan interval waktu antar Dance (2000). Identifikasi sampel pengambilan sampel selama satu gastropoda dilakukan dengan minggu. Teknik pengambilan sampel memperhatikan ciri-ciri morfologi gastropoda dilakukan dengan struktur cangkang dan juga menggunakan metode transek garis pengukuran morfometrik cangkang dengan petakan kuadrat berukuran 1x1 gastropoda. m mengacu pada English et al. (1994). Analisis
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