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Vaccines and Global Health :: Ethics and Policy Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review 10 September 2016 Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy (CVEP) This weekly digest targets news, events, announcements, articles and research in the vaccine and global health ethics and policy space and is aggregated from key governmental, NGO, international organization and industry sources, key peer-reviewed journals, and other media channels. This summary proceeds from the broad base of themes and issues monitored by the Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy in its work: it is not intended to be exhaustive in its coverage. Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review is also posted in pdf form and as a set of blog posts at http://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/. This blog allows full-text searching of over 8,000 entries. Comments and suggestions should be directed to David R. Curry, MS Editor and Executive Director Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy [email protected] Request an email version: Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review is published as a single email summary, scheduled for release each Saturday evening before midnight (EST/U.S.). If you would like to receive the email version, please send your request to [email protected]. Contents [click on link below to move to associated content] A. Zika; Ebola/EVD; Polio; MERS-Cov; Yellow Fever B. WHO; CDC C. Announcements/Milestones/Perspectives D. Reports/Research/Analysis E. Journal Watch F. Media Watch :::::: :::::: Zika virus [to 10 September 2016] Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/en/ Zika situation report – 8 September 2016 Navigation: A. Ebola/EVD; Polio; MERS-Cov B. WHO; CDC C. Announcements/Milestones/Perspectives D. Reports/Research/Analysis E. Journal Watch F. Media Watch Full report: http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/situation-report/8-september-2016/en/ Key Updates :: Countries and territories reporting mosquito-borne Zika virus infections for the first time in the past week: …None …Malaysia has reported one locally acquired mosquito-borne Zika infection in the past week. Prior to this, the only evidence of Zika in Malaysia had been a scientific publication that had reported a case of Zika infection identified in Germany in an individual with travel history to Malaysia. :: Countries and territories reporting microcephaly and other central nervous system (CNS) malformations potentially associated with Zika virus infection for the first time in the past week: …None :: Countries and territories reporting Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases associated with Zika virus infection for the first time in the past week: …None The Netherlands reported evidence of person-to-person transmission of Zika virus (probably via a sexual route) for the first time in the past week. :: Operational updates from the WHO Regional Office for the Americas: …WHO convened a workshop in Barbados on clinical management of neurological complications. …A technical mission to Brazil by WHO/PAHO for laboratory assessment and strengthening of Zika diagnostic capacity of State laboratories was completed in August. …WHO facilitated two meetings in Panama for updating the strategic plan for vector surveillance and control. …WHO/PAHO carried out missions to Colombia and El Salvador to organize and help launch “Mosquito Awareness Week”. …In Haiti, WHO and the Ministry of Public Health and Population’s Division of Epidemiology, Laboratory and Research (DELR) held three train-the-trainer workshops on epidemiological surveillance of Zika and its complications in August. :: The results from the sequencing analysis of Zika virus cases in Singapore indicate that the virus belongs to the Asian lineage and likely evolved from the strain that was previously circulating in Southeast Asia. The recent cases in Singapore do not appear to be the result of imported virus from South America. :: The 2016 Summer Paralympic Games opened in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 7 September. WHO continues to provide technical support to the Ministry of Health to ensure the 2016 Summer Paralympic Games are as safe as possible for all athletes, volunteers, visitors and residents. There is a low, but not zero, risk of Zika transmission in this setting. All persons should continue to follow guidance on avoiding Zika infection. :: The fourth meeting of the Emergency Committee was held on 1 September 2016. Having considered the evidence presented, the Committee agreed that due to continuing geographic expansion and considerable gaps in understanding of the virus and its consequences, Zika virus infection and its associated congenital and other neurological disorders continues to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Navigation: A. Ebola/EVD; Polio; MERS-Cov B. WHO; CDC C. Announcements/Milestones/Perspectives D. Reports/Research/Analysis E. Journal Watch F. Media Watch :: Based on a systematic review of the literature, WHO has concluded that Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of congenital brain abnormalities, including microcephaly, and that Zika virus is a trigger of GBS. :: Revised guidance on the prevention of sexual transmission was published on 6 September 2016. Zika Open [to 10 September 2016] [Bulletin of the World Health Organization] :: All papers available here No new papers identified. WHO Updated guidance on prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus 6 September 2016 – The interim guidance on prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus has been updated with new evidence and advice. The primary transmission route of Zika virus is via the Aedes mosquito, however mounting evidence shows that sexual transmission of Zika virus is possible and more common than previously assumed. This is of concern due to an association between the Zika virus and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Read the guidance Information for travellers Updated 6 September 2016 Information for health authorities Updated 6 September 2016 Fact sheet: Zika virus Updated 6 September 2016 Q&A: Zika virus Updated 6 September 2016 :::::: :::::: EBOLA/EVD [to 10 September 2016] http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/ "Threat to international peace and security" (UN Security Council) [Editor’s Note: We note that the Ebola tab - which had been listed along with Zika, Yellow Fever, MERS CoV and other emergencies - has been removed from the WHO “home page. We deduce that WHO has suspended issuance of new Situation Reports after resuming them for several weekly cycles. The most recent report posted is EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE – Situation Report - 10 JUNE 2016 ] Navigation: A. Ebola/EVD; Polio; MERS-Cov B. WHO; CDC C. Announcements/Milestones/Perspectives D. Reports/Research/Analysis E. Journal Watch F. Media Watch :::::: :::::: POLIO [to 10 September 2016] Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) Please see the extended excerpts from the IMB’s 13th Report below in the “Reports…” section. Polio this week as of 7 September 2016 : In Nigeria, one new wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) case has been reported, from Borno state, following confirmation of two cases in August. Regional outbreak response across north- eastern Nigeria and the Lake Chad sub-region is continuing within the broader humanitarian emergency context. Detection of new cases at this point is not unexpected or unusual, particularly as surveillance is being strengthened (including by conducting retrospective acute flaccid paralysis case searches). :: The polio outbreak has been declared a national public health emergency by the Government of Nigeria and a regional public health emergency by the Governments of the Lake Chad sub- region, to ensure all-of-government, all-of-society approaches to the outbreak response. See ‘Nigeria’ section below for more. : The Global Polio Eradication Initiative has launched an emergency appeal to respond to the polio outbreak across the region. Against the planned outbreak response budget of US$116 million, a critical funding gap of US$33 million must be urgently filled. More. [excerpt from appeal] KEY FACTS :: Wild poliovirus type 1 outbreak in Nigeria: 2 cases :: High risk of poliovirus spread in the Lake Chad area :: Ongoing Polio Outbreak Response in Northern Nigeria and Lake Chad area implemented as part of the broader humanitarian response effort :: WHO has declared Northern Nigeria a Grade 3 Humanitarian Emergency :: UNICEF has activated its Level 3 Corporate Emergency Procedure for North - East Nigeria :: Budget requirements: US116 million :: Funding gap: US$33 million :: Selected Country Updates [excerpts] Pakistan :: One new case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) was reported in the past week, from South Waziristan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), with onset of paralysis on 27 July. It is the most recent case in the country, bringing the total number of WPV1 cases for 2016 to 14. Nigeria :: One new case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) was reported in the past week, from Monguno Local Government Area (LGA), Borno state, with onset of paralysis on 6 August. It is the most recent case in country and brings the total number of WPV1 cases for 2016 to three. :: Detection of new cases at this point is not unexpected or unusual, particularly as surveillance is being strengthened (including by conducting retrospective acute flaccid paralysis case searches). Navigation: A. Ebola/EVD; Polio; MERS-Cov B. WHO; CDC C. Announcements/Milestones/Perspectives D. Reports/Research/Analysis E. Journal Watch F. Media Watch :: A full
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