Comparisons of Sio Maser and Long-Period Variable Positions in the Aquarii and Omicron Ceti Binary Systems J

Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Science and Technology Faculty Articles and Faculty Articles and Research Research

1990 Comparisons of SiO Maser and Long-Period Variable Positions in the Aquarii and Omicron Ceti Binary Systems J. M. Hollis Blue Bay Research Inc

M. C. H. Wright Univ Calif Berkeley

W. J. Welch Georgetown University

P. R. Jewell NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center

H. E. Crull United States Naval Observatory

See next page for additional authors

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_articles Part of the Instrumentation Commons, and the Stars, Interstellar Medium and the Galaxy Commons

Recommended Citation Hollis, J.M., Wright, M.C.H., Welch, W.J., Jewell, P.R., Crull, H.E., Kafatos, M., Michalitsianos, A.G. (1990). Comparisons of SiO Maser and Long-Period Variable Positions in the Aquarii and Omicron Ceti Binary Systems, Astrophysical Journal, 361:663-666. doi: 10.1086/169229

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Science and Technology Faculty Articles and Research at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparisons of SiO Maser and Long-Period Variable Positions in the Aquarii and Omicron Ceti Binary Systems

Comments This article was originally published in Astrophysical Journal, volume 361, in 1990. DOI: 10.1086/169229

Authors J. M. Hollis, M. C. H. Wright, W. J. Welch, P. R. Jewell, H. E. Crull, Menas Kafatos, and A. G. Michalitsianos

This article is available at Chapman University Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_articles/107 1990ApJ...361..663H © THE symbiotic C1 and Observations of objects The the tinuum the vibrational maser revealed resolution position performed sphere. state optical the was near peak. Umvers1tles, Michalitsianos Foundation. 1990. At 1 AsTROPHYSICAL n H SiO Th~ maser entire far C2 assumption The and the 250 emission Independently, position Thus, displaying National American removed by maser region observations Subject to These R while spectra of R the stellar the pc emission binary ©American Inc, binary by We Hollis Aqr A~r A-configuration the states wtthm (Whitelock fact presence it Astronomical COMPARISONS Hollis in the under ( Radio 387 have came et results was was ~nd -100 radial JOURNAL, R binary headings: of of the -250 that et which system SiO al. system Aqr LPV the both day coincidence to just al. cooperative based o belief Astronomy et determined as (1988) the Society. of AU I. of Cet maser be velocity; with errors AU (1986). contradict al. through a Mira-like 361:663--666, system, outside are positions sources 1987), INTRODUCTION two maser R surprise located and (orbital that (R in (1986) astrometry- on All are Astronomical (- the at Aqr determined at rights emission diameter) Aquarii, of emitting the Observatory The 1 the agreement least coincident its R ") Hat of 2 velocities of both and and measurement. reserved. R OF that transit to with southeast in Aqr fact variable that position were the em an the semimajor stronger stronger, 1990 AQUARII Creek 1750 or determine discuss circumstances we SiO earlier western is (Allen LPV Printed the that Omicron the wavelength Radio regions the was near October determined with that the Laboratory is interferometry- K are circle suggest with SiO interferometer absolute would with operated MASER the in of VLA assumed envelope Space of above Astronomy spatially the the nearest U.S.A. et Department possible Society Received found Astrometry the report the axis M. ionization 1 maser emission maser only the designated al. the The AND respect National National stellar Ceti)- observations, Data pinpoint R c. C 1 in 1989). statistical for by the position position - previously to with position Aqr SiO dust-type 1990 argue two H. AND of its to emission Astronomy Associated and resolved and A. involves 17 Laboratory, models. be OMICRON ground Department, of photo to Radio engulf H. WRIGHT Science a • G. January high Con front Computing stars: Physics, AU). at LPV the were positions such SiO J. P.R. circumbinary ABSTRACT Cl. M. the for C1 E. LONG-PERIOD Provided masers- or MICHALITSIANOS of of M. Astronomy of 8 reasons CRULL, KAFATOS and AND 663 inch long-period the 3; George University JEWELL HOLLIS the AND US accepted Solar Division, in sition at long-period o em evidence 1988 losity ments such evolving associated itself) decided companion's configuration, tion regions were binary ables our which be 1986); CETI (20 centroid Naval Cet Vibrationally left-circular the w. JR. for Mason nebulae: Observatory' something Physics, continuum previous by with em) features of 1990 SiO determined (Whitelock which at February which J. Observatory Hat affords binary for NASA/GSFC however, the California, BINARY SiO due variables to 86243.37 WELCH the University LPVs transit March the for NASA/GSFC R of maser Creek VARIABLE with repeat discrepancy. displays n H variables to maser Aqr could results NASA SiO at accretion SiO the thermal system, polarization Kafatos unique 29 shock emission (see 6 Berkeley 3 Cl. circle at excited and regions- 1987), Radio far formation MHz) with em. SYSTEMS maser maser-emitting the and give by the Wright and a) Subsequently, similarities also removed wave Kafatos (LPVs) Hat Astrophysics II. about containing of shock the and same disk. et Radio rise as 14 toward Observatory. test POSITIONS knots position SiO We OBSERVATIONS the perform al. Creek well Hat heating et with with stars: of to optically the In (1989) time US LPVs present in waves Astrometry emission al. et circum a which from as R Creek hypothesis parallel with al. these collisionally the 1990). a interferometer Naval reported Aqr observe individual spots these a similar with interpreted of resultant searched in millimeter emanating symbiotic 332 the binary were R thick high-resolution the and binary interferometer IN symbiotic-like Data We (v with authors Aqr Observatory: toward the LPV day circumbinary observations = several earlier o THE that coincident wanted masers. Cet density-enhanced 1, VLA was pumped for these mean systems System variable these in Mira-like interferometer J there SiO from was failed both and observed (Hollis = other the in to efforts, 2-1 epoch observed results measure may its found confirm circum in the systems to on (Mira singly nebu tran posi et AlB vari find well hot the on we al. of as 2 1990ApJ...361..663H few channel method made for quasars, in interferometer quasars 2251 zenith. m m these nal ruary Venus, beam response scaled stars, 664 are ascension of 22; May May this Hudson the tion tx routine. brator staff, the 1988.12 x Astrometric north east, Table is than beam, 1979.9 oCet oCet oCet RAqr discussed RAqr RAqr RAqr phase 8 the baselines. SiO b arcseconds. 0':74 source's + • • • • • ' ' with b ; for 9 inch Arizona, with run, of = Source from The The maps Omicron R Positions Positions Positions Position Position list. the 158; to The with mean an 145 and The Aquarii of 0106+013, in cross-correlation Uranus, maser ...... 1':4 ...... south 1985). tx which was ...... 1. R synthesized calibrator J2000.0 centroid the and (Perley improved transit outside the well-known x The sidelobe order quasar Potential the ©American position m o Aqr, measured a x b in measured by epoch obtained of and antennas declination. Additional Cet ( (1 obtained Cet three track, resultant proper 2':9. between = 1 ± observations The west, sources. flux the detail calibrated in position a a Omicron to 15° position 0':36 means proper 1':8 circle errors errors similarly, signal-to-noise 1982) Feature central and was turn positions the beam SiO SiO C1 LPV resolve correlator LPV LPV LPV The density removal; 6.1 b) of 0234+285, motion sources giving declination and from for east x from by sources positions the observed in in positions motion was Optical located from atmosphere, m 2':5 of 1988 of due mean Single-sideband Mars. H were and Wright maser parentheses) parentheses) of o of Michalitsianos observations 177 present the spectrometer diameter the II observations obtained annual data, Data Cet Cet lobe the one probably was and, region 02 02 23b41m14~252(10) 02 23 23 23 Astronomical observations and with were of a SiO September annual were see ri1 calibrated US position of bandwidth epoch ratio, Astrometry 41 41 41 16 16 16 73 long least-squares was o data The ambiguities calibrated il(1950)" position and work and et on correction maser lying similarly, of north and error 5.0 were Clark C1 Cet 49.067(06) 49.081(10) 49.076(10) determined m Naval 14.263(07) 14.266(03) from 14.256(04) respect al. for and correction to reflect taken o antennas 1988 obtained measured estimated E-W west, (i.e., 0420-014 MHz were Cet, of poor reported produced et (1990). CLEANed instrumental a toward within and Baudry because in of given of obtained al. is (Urry, 1988.23. 1980) SiO inherent 27 Observatory system against February rates was atmospheric 1988. from was of these were o the 79 and 1988.77. against R to for 240--350 10 from with rates source's and SiO Cet R which 3C et here. m Aqr we were used ± Aqr at Gaussian-fitting midpoint over -15°33'43':26(20) -15 -03 -03 -03 -15 - set 2223-052 measured two errors al. FK observations with Society Thornton, obtained source north, 1 Hat MASER the 84. derive measurements Hollis 15 used a a were 1988 and temperatures, (1990) For The the was hour (a are with to .5(1950)" data mean 33 33 33 12 those 12 synthesized features 12 arise located long The 4 6 Creek Maps the seeing. VLA are respect particular frequency K 320 43 43 43.10(05) +~0020 22.54(09) 22.29(15) 22.60(20) previously 1986 and consistent et proper are the reference fluxes the AND made October and at and .23(22) .00(05) of al. yielded central -~0008 a instru- HOLLIS at diago due epoch of interferometer of given using MHz Flag and have 1986. posi from right converted were Feb 1988 We LoNG-PERIOD cali 512- • and and 116 122 motion the the the and to to in of of TABLE have 1988 Provided been positions measured and -0':021 1988.23 1988.12 1985.03 1987.06 1986.68 1988.77 1986.81 Mean• Epoch more spectra are spectra accumulated corrected to ET -0':233 due maser Creek an and/or expected demands within work. be "presumably" sponding often maser tion the tances sists although of in collisional radiative region SiO (1986). 1984), and Michalitsianos ment the tabulated resultant observed FK 1987). the 1 and from VARIABLE confidence Table with Astronomical (SAO right a in SiO AL. B1950.0 star LPVs 4 LPV to it stars when of (SAO given contain system for data has the 23 the 02 02 23b41 by 02 it is 23 23 With emission interferometry. involved, spots similar, of maser the 1966). maser period at are For bright with is not source ascension 1 41 41 41 16 16 16 Hat characteristic o pumping it. and observational sets and il(1950)b SiO with our since same position been in the POSITIONS the 1966). indicates not m14~252(10) in or employing Cet errors 49.067(06) 49.080(10) 14.272(03) 49.076(10) 14.259(04) 14.265(07) VLBI object. difficult Moreover, USNO certain Creek both in the are mean obtained but each coherence multiple the proper radiative demonstrated will maser to NASA since et of the unresolved position previously position locations. originates the SiO the the shown. clustered al. position be epoch interferometer the techniques, 8-inch the be similarly (e.g., quoted, and manner 1986 observing motion whether Presumably, that determination expected 1988) to on absolute masers high positions R the It the velocity long-period reported of two size measure. the six III. transit Astrophysics maser processes -15 evidence -15°33'43':26(20) Bujarrabal, -03 -03 -03 -15 -15 Aqr was paths the the is centroid in to of different In described Hat excitation close about of (few observations DISCUSSION distribution spots be b(1950)b reasonable observations. determined a are 33 3343.13(05) 33'43.25(22) 12 12 12 the Table determined that and optically o emission circle). common any Dick (Hollis Lane positions that here Cet 22.60(20) 43.06(05) 22.41(09) 22.62(15) that distinguished components now session, Creek times exclusively pumping to Actually, o is an the days the distributed because (Langer case, the reduced of 1. Cet and (1982, of grow et the variable currently Planesas, determined SiO region epoch. by al. in the stellar collection 10 the of determined interferometer maser binary Holdenried to stellar of 1988 due position 1986). of Holdenried 14 of reference from in Data maser and the maser Commonb mechanism 1984) absolute both was since conclude a maser em) and 1988.23 1988.12 1988.12 1988.12 1988.12 1988.23 1988.23 differentially Epoch stellar (see declination smaller or to The position. (see spots from pointing spatially and somewhat decay six maser systems photosphere in emission text). the Watson observed the ensemble maser System spot for from 1986 of spots, observations the Clark phenomena, synthesized positions del will stars position (1982). stellar maser the individual R and with time with that position direction distribu for is virtually Notes Romero Vol. Aqr the We larger cannot, e, g,f e, c, d d, h, spectra toward always over due for and corre peaks 1984), to f d i et f i Crull a such such were con Hat and The dis (see few use 361 the all al. as of of to is a 1990ApJ...361..663H No.2, encompass maser within found errors consistent our large, late-type investigated. relative matter. typically the R from out disk with produce such of of the positional smaller an 1985) "'30 -0':15. observational taken relative Our Aqr Orion. FIG. the SiO LPV o of maser reproduces a at 40 the km Cet which Plambeck, an 1990 phenomenon; intensities disk I.-Spectra the (see regions positions optical results on disk errors The A than to relative positions. have s - emission spectrum ellipsoidal The stars difference, with model relative centroid 80 such is © epoch Fig. the 1 model is spectrum This phase with 160 that R AU American of distances embedded for of less a so both ofthe Aqr position 1). SiO a the 1988.23) of near-photospheric -0':105. Wright, AU of lends ~0.5 from region the of two arising position for are far Because than peaks the ring positions maser maser with however, v the IRc2 and positions ::;_ (mean >; .£ ~ E;; of = R also ., c "' = >< binary probed prominent further and the two in have 1, spatial of maps Aqr -0':1 in IRc2 for an 600 400 300 200 would and 100 J Many from the coincident R is maser and 0 emission central -38 observational Astronomical = maps. heavy the reversed upper peaks Aqr each is much 2-1 are systems Orion's of Carlstrom range shows support on via appropriate, distribution signal-to-noise we an at quoted of subtend transition all emission accurate of nebulosity. -38 peaks optical Moreover, the limit the in "'25 in weaker, VLBI annular cannot interpretation the the in of the emission to its 1Rc2 sky epoch R systematic to spectral 100-2000 a of intervening phase M within two analogous of -34 in -0':3 spectrum (1990) Aqr rotating the techniques, -0':1. SiO since 0 with SiO determinations and determine of and is the region Table star sources 0.39 Society The Plambeck 1986.1); contention masers clearly and at extended for -32 -0':1. channels a disk a the MASER these were (mean The (Vogel years. comparison the pc. errors diameter diameter for expanding IRc2 o extending spectrum, shows to with 1 both is we distance peaks The another Cet the Thus, able observational -30 objects its that clearly cluster totally 0.136 et et R drop is have • with over that SiO size AND are V Aqr 1 no al. al. so to of of of in of Provided lsr if a km -28 spectra s- (km LPV epoch 1 agrees effects at does diameter), obtained The Hat Hat tainties Wright to basic interferometer parison stable. of derived the velocity from factor 1987). model red should spatial ously observed VLBI. Wright, -0':008, -26 are s-1) The the that within Orion dominantly photosphere POSITIONS 1988.12). Creek Creek difference not by our VLA. observationally of The resolution by Another earlier Certainly of with be position -24 and from of range between and 2 which agree in the with determining present signal-to-noise, IRc2 beyond -0':3. well-isolated have probed about W49 3 The any For Plambeck Carlstrom mm the the bimodal determination NASA -22 0':3 for toward R with corresponds useful could not SiO source feature example, by maps in Aqr (see The Hat data. previous "'0':2, map the with resolution, such changed the Plambeck, observation maser spectrum with the o R -20 Hinkle spatial Creek check 3 the tested be Cet of (1983). Astrophysics as which case (1990). R H positions baselines mm Aqr emission present showing distributions H a 6 a maser predicted observed and due Aqr II position determination -18 II of here since to of interferometer regions of limits W49 for em et has regions The In has and we either IRc2, the the the Wright, peaks al. compares spot and VLA work conformance at the agree the sensitive the 2':5 believe -us map system 2 two established most 1989), IRc2 R optical was by AU that it calibration at distributions case absolute to Aqr telescope made map resolution the (see should -25 which between small originally was and to Data could diameter recent systematic phases are to of is it model that SiO and of to note within (Hollis at provided is R made Carlstrom -0':2, also the (less measurement scale of by reveal to -28 have Hat Aqr, 0.09 maser the be System determination systems Hollis procedures c the (Welch of core this an visible by reported of of more and km than et the during latter. Creek Plambeck, which sizes this two errors the yet Table a SiO means et al. work. s-• by position 0.36 ofW49, greater al. uncer (1990) sytem rigor "'0':5 infra to maps 1986) com et but from on been (mean (1986) disk The 665 and is the by al. be or 1). of at the of a a 1990ApJ...361..663H 666 the maser maser position " same sphere, able, coincident it the more the previous as observations R Although J. Michalitsianos --. H. M. P.R. Clark, Clark, MD Kafatos, W. Dick, Allen, Lane, Bujarrabal, Baudry, Hollis, Holdenried, Hinkle, A. dirty is 98, M. 276,572. 232,258. R. W. A. M. In R Aqr E. G. KAFA J. same above visibility not E. Fanti, J. 1989, S. 1820. Aqr. summary, A. JEWELL: D. we HoLLIS: WELCH reliable CRULL, B. time F. J. MICHALITSIANOs: 1989, 1986, K. in J., results 20771 1984, A., beam," P. were M., G. observations. M., A., 0., certain and do determination. TOS: H., Ap. 1982, K. the V., Mazurier, during The one determination, E. 1980, Hall, discussion Hollis, Michalitsianos, period M.N.R.A.S., Troland, Ap. in with Kellerman, Wilson, ©American R., Planesas, Holdenried, J., not substantially JR.: phase and positional recent IAU Department Code gives is Ph.D. National expects J. lower Astr. the 346, and P. as et that (Letters), due J. believe both J., the US M. J. Symposium Table as Crull, M., maser al. 991. T. T. Ap., thesis, Norris, M., 930, us fluctations, P., R such visibility D., H., to 236, C. the and Naval Yusef-Zadeh, (1988) that shows R Whereas E. 89, and Requieme, sets Aqr H. confidence 309, Radio A. Scharlach, H. systematic determination Pepper, Code Space R. University G. that Since 363. 1 Hollis Aqr map 377. E. G., R. will smaller del shows, as of the 1982, WRIGHT: Setti L53. 110, of 1986, Observatory, observations P., and Astronomical Kafatos, Romero, Physics, the the phase noted was phase be Astronomy 680, optical R G. Data Troup, the (Dordrecht: VLBI A.J., Y., et the presumably A.J., . W. W. F., Aqr system of the H., by difference our during and noticeably al. observing Laboratory 87, errors. Massachusetts. that Michalitsianos, M., noise A. unCLEANed and and 92, and errors Radio Baudry E. case in George maser new (1986) Rousseau, 1374. G., 1987, positions for Wright, R., 1191. Compact Johnson, these Computing to Hollis and Reidel), the Astrometry was for in Wark, Observatory, the 1988 On should Astr. Astronomy be in the observations, R Fekel, due more et a Mason broadened procedures SiO M. J. the the data stable Society Aqr the for source Ap., R. p. SiO D. Radio al. M. A. present et C. measured to 329. M., F. maser. average out, R. same G., recent other map Astronomy 1990, 175, H., R (1990), SiO al. C. position the provide Division, 1984, University, and Sources, and Department, and and Aqr as 1989, 164. Lab, Astr. Campus HOLLIS (1986). R of as maser atmo Wright, in Elitzur, hand, set Welch, weak Ap. were • reli Aqr SiO and and REFERENCES A.J., the the the Ap., University by ed. of J., is a Provided NASA/Goddard and Fairfax, Bldg. ET Washington, Solar Smithsonian et clude indefinitely Welch, Vogel, with component nebulosity, heavy trates near-photospheric statistical sources Observatory. on obtained lower Langer, Michalitsianos, Perley, Plambeck, this tion Urry, the have Wright, Wright, Whitelock, 348,L65. Science, Government and M. A.J., al. We 65,949 AL. of o earlier W. C. work. because VA (1986). Miller, Cet, Physics, exhaustively California, R. S. 99, W. visibility the that thank by S. M. M. nebulosity, H. L., A. of H., 238, N., J., 1299. R. P. C. before 1985, difficulties C. considerations. Thornton, N. 1982, the and Astrophysical SiO 22030 Dreher, R. and L., A. the results H., The Space terminated Bieging, and 1550. H., In DC Printing Dr. A. Cherry J. of 1987, Wright, Ap. NASA/Goddard and Watson, A.J., because 1988, NASA G., phase the maser Carlstrom, R better operations optical R. C1 Berkeley, the J., J. Plambeck, Oliversen, Flight Aqr Pub. 20392-5100 D. 87, pursued cases of the J. phenomena J. Office). A.J., 296,600. W., on in M. Ave., D., H., noise, symbiotic 859. Oliversen W. emission. R A.S.P., Observatory Jackson, obtaining positional observing at the maser C. 95, the of and Astrophysics D. Center, of J. Aqr Plambeck, observations H., Tucson, 1478. the E., CA R. R. 1984, Hudson, the 2 because 99, alternative with and L. em J., Plambeck, could Flagstaff J. difficulty emission 573. binary 1983, Hollis, Ap. Space for We M., Carlstrom, as Greenbelt, 94720 VLA binary 1966, astrometric the conditions discrepancy R. J. J., AZ useful Tereby, expected. Ap. favor we A. be 284, L., J. 8-inch Star o Flight map 1985, R. J. of M., facility obtained physically explanations Cet, Welch, in 85721-0655 spots (Letters), R 751. L., J. Data Catalog critical o the S., Kafatos, Pub. understanding presented E. Aqr, MD and Cet and transit which Center, which positions 1990, This new of W. are is A.S.P., Welch, 267, Vogel, (Washington: System similar the were embedded comments likely M., J., 20771 Ap. correct. R most is work Ll15. circle resulted and 97, US Greenbelt, Crull, Aqr devoid and J. by W. S. the of (Letters), 745. due N. results Wright, Naval Hollis J. likely weak posi illus H. were con how 1987, 1990, last We on US E., to in in of