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Host Plant Association of Western Species of Papaipema

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Host Plant Association of Western Species of Papaipema VOLUME 57, NUMBER 2 153 FIGS. 1-4. Dichrorarnpha acuminatana. 1, Wings of male from Steuben, ME. 2, \\lings of male from Apetlon, Austria. 3, Genitalia of male from Steuben, ME. 4, Genitalia of male frum Apetlon, Austria. Further details are in the Specimens examined section of the text. The species is widely distributed in western and genit. slide prep. WEM612012 (Fig. 4), foreWing central Europe (Razowski 1996). Two Palaearctic con­ length 5.5 mm. The four Palaearctic specimens are in geners, D. vancouverana McDunnough (=D. gue­ the U.S. National Museum of Natural History neeana Obraztsov) and D. petiverella (L.), were previ­ (USNM), Washington, D.C.; we thank J. W. Brown for ously reported in Maine (Roberts 1991), and loaning them. subsequent collecting there has revealed well estab­ lished populations of these species along the immedi­ LITERATURE CITED ate coastline wherever undisturbed stands of their na­ BENTINCK, G. A. & A. DIAKONOFF. 1968. De Nederlandse hladrollers (Tortricidae). Monogr. Nederlands. Entomo!' Ver. tive or naturalized foodplant Achillea millefolium L. No.3. 201 pp. (Asteraceae) occur. With captures of D. vancouverana KUZNETSOV, V 1. 1987. Family Tortricidae (tortricid moths), pp. in the Pacific Northwest (Miller 1999), coastal distri­ 279-956. In Medvedev, G. S. (ed.), Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. U.S Dept. of Agr. & Nat!. Science bution patterns of the two hoi arctic congeners con­ Found. 991 pp. [translationl tinue to suggest they are immigrants, although the MILLER, W. E. 1999. A new synonymy in Dichrorampha that re­ possibility cannot be ruled out that they represent veals an overlooked immigrant record for North America (Tor­ trieidae). J. Lepid. Soc. 53:74-75. spotty relicts of circumpolar distributions. RAZOWSKI, J. 1996. Tortricidae, pp. 130-157. In Karsholt, O. & J. Specimens examined. 0, Steuben, ME (Fig. 1), Razowski (eds.), The Lepidoptera of Europe: a distributional M. A. Roberts, 15/06/2001, genit. slide prep. checklist. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. 380 pp. ROBERTS, M. A. 1991. Two Pale arctic species of Dichrommpha dis­ MAR2027M (Fig. 3), forewing length 7.0 mm, in M. covered in Maine (Tortriddae). J. Lepid. Soc. 45:169- 171. A. Roberts collection, Steuben, ME; 0, Wangeroog, Ostfries. Inseln [ Germany], 07/09/1949, E. Jackh, MICHAEL A. ROBERTS, 367 Village Road, Steuben, genit. prep. on pin, forewing length 6.0 mm; 0, Kel­ Maine 04680, USA. Email: [email protected] AND heim, Obfrk. [ Germany], 03/08/1952, Jackh, genit. WILLIAM E. MILLER, Department of Entomology, Uni­ prep. on pin, foreWing length 6.0 mm; 0, Hannover, versity of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. Misb Moor [Germany], 29/05/1931, genit. slide prep. Email: [email protected] WEM 612011, forewing length 6.5 mm; 0, Apetlon, Received for publicatiun 8 April 2002; revised and accepted 11 No­ Burgenland [Austria] (Fig. 2), 11/09/1971, E. Jackh, vember 2002. journal oftlte Lepidopterists' SOCiety 57(2). 2003, 153-156 HOST PLANT ASSOCIATIONS OF WESTERN SPECIES OF PAPAIPEMA (NOCTUIDAE) WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE APIACEOUS PLANTS Additional key words: host plants, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, polyphagy. The genus Papaipema Smith (Noctuidae) is the seded only by the Holarctic genera Acronicta Ochs. (n largest noctuid genus endemic to North America has = 81 Nearctic species), Catocala Schrank (n = 110), long been a favorite among students of lepidopteran Lacinipolia McDunnough (n = 57), and Schinia Hub­ life histmy (e.g., Kwiat 1916, Hessel 1954). With 46 ner (n = 123 species in North America) (Hodges described species and at least 5 undescribed species of 1983). Papaipema currently includes 46 valid de­ which we are, Papaipema is the fifth most speciose scribed species, at least five undescribed species noctuid genus on this continent (Hodges 1983), super- (Quinter, in MS), and two valid subspecific entities, 154 J OURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY Papaipema baptisiae baptisiae (Bird) and Papaipema notes of his son (archived at the American Museum of b. limata Bird (KL. Quinter, in Hodges 1983). Natural History), the late Junius Bird, the host plant Papaipema and its relatives form a putatively mono­ was described as a "large, Dill-like weed," suggesting an phyletic clade of endophagous plant borers in the apiaceous plant. The published association of P per­ Apameini (sensu Hodges 1983). Whereas most of the tincta with Lupinus polyphyllus Lindley (Fabaceae) species in this tribe are associated with monocotyledo­ (see Bird 1926) is curious because only two other Pa­ nous plants, species of Papaipema feed and specialize paipema species are associated with fabaceous plants: on members of between 22 and 25 plant families the western Papaipema angelica with Psoralea (Goldstein 1999). Though well studied, a number of macrostachya DC., and the eastern Papaipema bap­ questions remain eoncerning host plant associations in tisiae with Baptisia tinctoria (L.). this group, especially among the relatively few western Outside the Papaipema birdi complex, umbellifer­ species (Papaipema attains its highest regional diver­ feeding occurs in Papaipema eryngii, a threatened sity in the eastern United States). In this paper, we species restricted to prairie wetlands where it speCial­ present life history data based on recent collecting and izes on Eryngium yuccifolium, and in the P harrisi rearing efforts for species belonging to the Papaipema group, comprising P harrisi and P verona Smith). birdi (Dyar 1908) and Papaipema harrisi Grote Host records for P harrisi, whose distribution suggest species complexes, and summarize the known host as­ an association with Heracleum lanatum Michx. (Api­ sociations for the remaining western Papaipema aceae) along the Atlantic Coast and an association with species and those associated with Apiaceae regardless Angelica atropurpurea L. (Apiaceae) westward follow­ of geography. Our observations bear on the evolution ing the Great Lakes (Kwiat 1916, Hessel 1954, Jones of umbellifer-feeding in Lepidoptera, and Papaipema & Kimball 1943, Quinter unpublished data), Both of in particular and possibly the role of coumarin com­ these host species are apiaceous plants, In the North­ pounds in mediating the evolution of host association east, it is thought that P birdi and P harrisi segregate (e .g. , Berenbaum 1981, 1983). We also discuss collect­ themselves according to host plant, with P birdi con­ ing and rearing efforts on eastern umbel-feeding Pa­ fining itself to Cicuta maculata and P harrisi to Angel­ paipema species. All larvae encountered were reared ica atropurpurea (see Kwiat 1916, Hessel 1954), Pa­ on artificial diet, and adult specimens deposited at paipema verona, for which we do not report novel host AM"IH and FMNH. records, is a western species recorded primarily from Apiaceous host plant records for Papaipema species of the umbel genus Heracleum. species. A few species of Papaipema are known to Recent field collections. During 1995, we exam­ feed on apiaceous plants, and although at least three of ined several eastern USA sites for larvae of both P these (P birdi, P harrisii and P enjngii Bird) appear to birdi and P harrisi. Visits to wetlands in western Con­ be speCialists on Apiaceae, the others exhibit a broader necticut and Massachusetts with dense populations of range of apiaceous and non-apiaceous host use. The P Angelica atropurpurea yielded only two Papaipema bircli complex includes an eastern species (P birdi ) larvae (Papaipema harrisi has become deCidedly rare and two western species (P pertincta Dyar and P in­ in New England and is considered extirpated from sulidens [Bird] ), all of which are associated with the Massachusetts). However, visits to a calcareous sedge­ Apiaceae (= U mbelliferae). Papaipema birdi has been meadow complex in Otsego County, New York yielded considered oligophagous specialist on apiaceous more than two dozen Papaipema larvae from both An­ plants, its primary host being the water hemlock gelica atropurpurea and Cicuta maculata, All larvae Cicuta maculata L. Prior to the present study, other collected from C. maculata and A atropurpurea at the host records included Sium suave Walt. (Apiaceae), upstate New York site proved to be P birdi. Although and "other umbellates" (Hessel 1954:60; treating P reports of "other umbellates" than Cicuta maculata birch as a synonym of P marginidens, of which there and Sium suave occur in the literature (e,g" Kwiat are no known host records), as well as several astera­ 1916), our collections appear to be the first documen­ ceous plants (Kwiat 1916). The two other species in tation of Angelica atropurpurea as a host for P birdi. th e P birdi complex, P pertincta and P insulidens, Although Kwiat (1916) reported non-apiaceous hosts each of which have been recorded from both apia­ for P birdi, it is conceivable that the taxonomic confu­ ceous and non-apiaceous plants, are western species sion that typically surrounds Papaipema has resulted in apparently separated by the Cascade Mountains, with erroneous reporting of hosts subsequent to that publi­ P pertincta to the west and P insulidens to the east. A cation, host of P insulidens was described by Bird (1921, Our findings in the northwestern United States ex­ 1931) as a species of Senecio (Asteraceae). In the field tended the known host ranges of P pertincta and P in- VOLUME 57, NUMBER 2 155 TABLE 1. Collecting information and host associations of western PapaipellUl species discovered during this study. Species Locality Life stage Host plant Dates P. pertincta Oregon: Tillamook Co.: Rt. 101, 4 larvae Heracleum maximum 8 July 1995 1 mi S. of Wheeler Oregon: Clatsop Co.: Rt. 101, 9 larvae, 1 pupa Cicuta douglasii 8 July 1995 8 mi. S. of Astoria (at jet. Rts. 101 & 30) Oregon Tillamook Co.: Rt. 101, 8 larvae Senecio vulgariS 9-10 July 1995 1-2 mi. N. of Manzanita 8 larvae Heracleum maximum 4 larvae Ligusticum apifolium 1 larva Daueus sp. 8 larvae Cirsium sp. 3 larvae ErechWes minima Oregon: Lincoln Co: , E.
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