Proceeding the 1st International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI) Page 59-73 ISBN : 978-602-50898-0-0 Characteristics of philosophy and values of lecturers work culture

Arwildayanto Universitas Negeri , Gorontalo,

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this research is to find out the diversity of philosophies and values of lecturer work culture at Universitas Negeri Padang and Universitas Negeri Gorontalo sourced from cultural entities where the lecturers origin. This diversity makes the wealth of the top leaders which needs to be managed well to increase the lecturers work productivity. The research method is qualitative and phenomenology approach. Data obtained by observation, sighting, and interviews with informants related to the lecturers work culture. The results showed that the philosophy and values of work sourced from the entity of origin affects the work culture shown by the lecturers; Adat bersendikan syara‟-syara‟ bersendikan kitabullah, alam takambang jadikan guru, rumah gadang and tungku nan tigo sajarangan, wani ngalah luhur wahasan, nulada laku utami, sudaning hawa lan napsu, pinesu tapa brata, tanapi ing siang ratri, amemangan kang enak tyasing sesame, dalihan na tolu, sir‟na passe at pace.

1. INTRODUCTION make the job as a lecturers becoming a Challenges currently facing higher professional job. Establishing and education are increase complex, related to internalizing the work culture to the the expectations and needs of the lecturers are very important because it has management compete effectively or die an influence on the performance of (Lefrere, 2007; Robertson, 2010; Gálvez, lecturers to be strong at 7.251, showing 2016). Competence lecturers play that the work culture influence the important role and as the key successes of performance of lecturers as well the university. When the lecturers have (Setiawati, 2009). knowledge, skills, attitudes, behaviors are The research report Human Resource good, reliable and professional in order to Development Indonesia published on the deliver of quality teaching, doing research official website explains the importance of and engaging in community service to his cultural development explained the academic duties (Idrus, 1999¸ Boylan et al, importance of developing a lecturer work 2011). Organizational culture is a useful culture carried out because it contributes concept for understanding management 70% to the success of the work (HRD and performance in higher education. In so Indonesia, 2005). doing, I point out how administrators The above description encourage might utilize the concept of culture to help researchers to pursue the study of lecturer solve specific administrative problem work culture at the UNP and UNG started (Tierny, 2011). To respond the challenges since 2001, followed by the study of and expectations of university decentralization in the UNG to scheme stakeholders, work culture of lecturers from the Directorate of Research and must be recognized and invested so as to Community Service (DP2M) DGHE

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Characteristics of philosophy and values of lecturers work culture Arwildayanto

(Arwildayanto, 2013), and 2015 the study cooperation shown in two forms, a) of decentralization in the Faculty of attitude towards work, the favoring of Education UNG support Non Tax Income employment compared with other from UNG (Arwildayanto, 2015). activities such as relax, b) behavior at From various research conducted, work, diligent, dedicated, responsible, researchers felt it was important to conscientious, meticulous, strong will, overview the characteristic of philosophy learn tasks and duties, helping others, and values of work from of the entities works well (Kirkman et al., 2001). origin coloring work culture Indonesian A strong work culture can create a lecturers. A good understanding of conducive or contributive working university leaders and colleagues provide atmosphere so that the quality of work will the right treatment, the right support in increase which is being the key to success improving lecturer work productivity. The for an organization, where the success of focus of research is the characteristic of an organization into a single indicator of philosophy and values of lecturer work employee satisfaction can be realized culture at UNP and UNG based on various (Arianto et al., 2013). The work culture as cultural entities in Indonesia. the dynamics of the Institutional, community and organization/Therefore, work culture personal have its own culture to define the characterizes the dynamics of human standards of behavior that can be accepted relationships of an organization, and, quite or rejected by the members. So everyone logically, is the result of the interaction of needs to understand the prevailing culture, the work ethos of the various structural, the culture owned and agreed by the hierarchical and professional groups with government and private work institutions, the organizational climate (Bhaduiv, community and personal. Understanding 1991) the culture of the workplace could be Work culture can be used as the conducted by knowing how to dress for work norms, in the hopes of increased work, what the rules are applied, and efficiency and quality of work. This was behaviors that are required in the supported decision MENPAN No workplace such as honesty, integrity, 25/KEP/M.PAN/4/2002 about Guidelines achievement and other (Simon, 1997). for Administrative Development Work Related to the work, the culture Culture (PPBKAN) described the work contains norms and values that can help culture is important to develop a work institutions adapt to a changing ethic, a moral responsibility to improve environment (adaptive culture). productivity and performance in delivering Institutions of work and the people services to stakeholders, including in it are not adaptive to lose the government institutions at public opportunity to grow and develop properly. universities. The minister of National For that reason, the institutions need to Education defines work culture as a system explore the increase of work productivity of organizational values embraced by is integrated with an understanding of the members of the organization, which then culture in which people are working. affects the way to work, attitude, and Formulate culture as the integrated pattern behavior of the members of the of human knowledge, belief and behavior organization it self (Kemendiknas, 2010). that depend upon man capacity for The lecturer work culture as an learning and transmitting knowledge to attitude of obedience, adherence to norms, succeeding generation (Kotter et al., 1992). ethics in carrying out the task both Formulating the conception of the physically and mentally to produce goods work culture as a basic logic that can be and services of the university. The above utilized to improve work efficiency and description can be synthesized, that the

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Proceeding the 1st International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI) Page 59-73 ISBN : 978-602-50898-0-0 lecturer work culture is a blend of used to select lecturers as philosophy, the work values taken from informant/respondent from the two sample the lecturer with the attitude, work habits universities, which 32 lecturers from UNP such as obedience, adherence to norms, and 72 UNG‟s lecturers). In both of the ethics, the rules set together in research location, research was conducted implementing the three main functional with a long series of studies that took place duties of a lecturer. where the object of the research is Work culture is implicitly sourced purposively selected lecturers concerned from values, belief, and knowledge with research purposes. That elected become the driving force of work and informant requested appoint another behavior (behavior) resulted in the work to person (snowball - chain sampling) is done always work better suit the demands of the serially or sequentially, to some times and its institutions. Embodiments the redundancy completeness (saturation) work culture related to institutionalized found (Bogdan, R. dan Biklen S.K., 1998¸ values, personal or communal values Malterud, 2001). (community). The basic principles of the The research methodology was embodiment of work culture requires qualitative; this method is suitable for the activity and behavior brave, wise, social sciences and culture that is disciplined, have the mental qualities of fundamentally dependent on the realizing good public service (Frinaldi, et observation of the human community al, 2011). (Kirk et al., 1998). The research approach Study investigates the relationship was phenomenological, which has known between work values, job involvement and as one of educational qualitative research organizational commitment in a sample of design. The reasons used 1047 Taiwanese nurses finding results phenomenological approach were: (1) to showed that work values were positively illuminate the specific, to identify related to job involvement and phenomena through how they are organizational commitment, and job perceived by the lecturers in a situation; involvement is positively related to (2) concerned with the study of experience organizational commitment (Oldenburg et from the perspective of the individual, al., 2012) Work values as „a set of concepts bracketing taken-for-granted assumptions which mediate between the person‟s and usual ways of perceiving and (3) affective orientation and classes of trying to find the personal knowledge and external objects offering similar subjectivity, and emphasize the importance satisfaction (Dose, 1997). of personal perspective and interpretation Appearance of the work culture the meaning of lecturer work culture behavior consists of two dimensions, (Creswell, 2013; Denzin,,Lincoln, 2011; tangible and intangible. The appearance of Giorgi, 2009; Moustakas, 1994; Smith work culture sourced from, the knowledge, and Osborne, 2003) the technology developed, the value of the Phenomenological approach seeks to institution, work systems, attitudes and study the phenomenon, like apparitions, local culture in the workplace. The basic everything that appears in the experience assumption is about the work culture and of the object, the object means to work culture of behavior. experience something, and understood the meaning of the object. sub- 2. METHOD phenomenological approach fundamentally The research design employed a understand the structure of the types of combination of the research conducted in consciousness, which stretches from the two sites, namely UNP Padang and UNG perceptions, ideas, memory, imagination, Gorontalo. Simple random sampling was emotion, desire, willingness to act, be it

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Characteristics of philosophy and values of lecturers work culture Arwildayanto social action or in the form of language justification of meaning arising from data (Cilesiz, 2011) The structure of the studied that has been tested its validity. forms of consciousness is called Conclusion verified to the conventional, "intentionality" since directly. The positivistic criteria of internal and external structure of consciousness in the validity, reliability, and objectivity experience of this informant eventually (Bowen, 2008). makes meaning and determines the content of experience (content of experience). 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Data collection procedures based Philosophy and lecturer work values instruments conducted by the researcher. of UNP and UNG encountered very The procedure was flexible, developed in diverse, according to the cultural accordance with the conditions on the background of origin inherent in him. The ground (snowball sampling). Researchers composition of the culture/ethnic of origin determine the source of key informants lecturer entity UNP, Minang 78.19%, (key informant), after the deepening of 6.77% Javanese, 4.74%, 3.23% information, can only increase with the Jambi, Riau Malay Deli 2.58% and others informant research focus. The procedure of 4.49%.. While UNG entity consisting of collecting and recording study data carried lecturers from Gorontalonese 67%, 17% out a) observation participate, b) interview, Makassar Buginesse, Javanese and c) documentation. The process of data Sundanese 10% and others 6% analysis begins by examining all the data (Arwildayanto, 2016). collected from various sources. In Diversity of cultural entities and analyzing the data the researchers used UNG lecturer UNP has some data analysis techniques is an interactive consequences, top management needs to model (Miles and Huberman, 2013). An provide direction, guidance and oversight open ended questionnaire was used based of the work of lecturers proportionately on the research questions. The open-ended and professional, associated with the questions were used to structure the large philosophy and values of the work they quantitative responses to ascertain the had brought from his native entities. The validity of the responses given. task of strengthening the top management Analysis of the data consists of data provides value investment professional reduction, data presentation, and work culture. conclusion or verification data. The composition of the culture of the . origin lecturer entity UNP shows there are 3 cultures that give a dominant ethnic, such Minangkabau, Javanese and Batak. Jambi, and Riau, Minangkabau entity overseas territory which has been

acculturated in the area. For that, explained the philosophy and values of the three entities lecturer work culture respectively, Figure 1: Data Analysis Techniques of Interactive as follows: 1) lecturer work philosophy Model, (Modified from Miles and Huberman, UNP sourced from Minangkabau be a 2013) major contributor dominance way and Used as a data reduction process to work performance UNP form, 1) reinforce the analysis, shortening and philosophy Adat bersendikan syara‟-syara‟ refocusing research and discard bersendikan kitabullah, give spiritual unimportant information, so it can draw meaning to the work of lecturers UNP in conclusions. Further data analysis implementing the tasks value-oriented conclusion through the analysis of the worship (monotheism of ), 2)

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Proceeding the 1st International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI) Page 59-73 ISBN : 978-602-50898-0-0 philosophy of “alam takambang jadi guru” philosophy Toga seen from the gives meaning to learning in nature, construction model of rectorate building especially for lecturers duty to teach and of UNG gives meaning that man always educate, 3) philosophy of Rumah Gadang think rationally in addressing and is viewed from a model construction resolving the problem. building of UNP meaning victory, UNG lecturers coming from harmonious, civilization, brotherhood and Buginesse and Makassar entity kinship, self introspection, dan 4) incorporated in Kerukunan Keluarga philosophy tungku nan tigo sajarangan, tali Selatan (KKSS; South Sulawesi nan tigo sapilin, also implies there are 3 Family Harmony) have a philosophy of the components that play a role in life and philosophy of work “Siri‟ Na organizing the various potential faculty Passe or Pacce” it means a lively character leaders, alim-ulama and bundo kandung given ancestors to live anywhere that has (female). the values as a workhorse (gettang) and Besides, the UNP lecturers who straight (lempuk). The values workhorse at come from backgrounds outside the drive in family life, with serious, life- Minangkabau culture values, principles endowed and blessed by Allah, the and philosophy of work, each different working principle 1) malilu si pakainge well maintained in an atmosphere of work (remind each other in goodness), 2) mali si and socially egalitarian pattern. The work parappe (mutual help in trouble, and 3) philosophy foreshadowed, consisting of rabb si patokkang (mutual encouragement famous Javanese philosophy of work and motivation. While UNG lecturers who Nulada laku utami, sudaning hawa lan come from ethnic Javanese have lived a napsu, pinesu tapa brata, tanapi ing siang work characteristics values “Wani ngalah ratri, amemangan kang enak tyasing luhur wahasane” or succumbing to achieve sesami (imitate behavior that is a higher purpose to avoid conflicts or persistently trying day and night, always problems. For them the value of living trying to match, flaming lust, build overseas always puts no jobs first, not character love for fellow beings, commit to money. So that the peak they believe work encouraging others). While the lecturers of “tanpa ngarame” meaning sincere, without ethnic Batak have a work philosophy expecting anything in return, before he did “dalihan na tolu” which emphasizes work a perfect job. or serve in an institution is required to Based on the exposure data and uphold religious values that embrace. findings resulting in the formation of So far, UNG has inventoried lecturer propositions phenomenon of values, work philosophy and values of lecturer beliefs, convictions for work philosophy work dominantly comes from Gorontalo is: a) the value of a select professions as culture, in the form of 1) philosophy Payu diverse lecturers started expecting earnings Limo to to Talu, Lipu pei Hulalu (five to work makrifatullah have value worship, joints civilization Gorontalo), consists of b) before becoming a lecturer, many banguso talalo (nation guarded), lipu elements that contribute to instill work poduluwolo (state defended), batango values, between parents, identification pomayo (self-dedicated), upango figures and religious leaders or community potombulo (treasure sacrificed), nyawa leaders (indigenous) they enjoy, c) padungolo (lives sacrificed), 2) philosophy philosophy of work is very diverse Adati hula-hula‟a to sara‟a—sara‟a hula- comprises the value Adat bersendikan hula-hula‟a to kuru‟ani or Adat syara‟-syara‟ bersendikan kitabullah, alam bersendikan syara‟-syara‟ bersendikan Al- takambang jadikan guru, rumah gadang, qur‟an (Indigenous tradition based on tungku nan tigo sajarangan and tali nan religion-religion based on qur'an), 3) tigo sapilin, Wani ngalah luhur wahasan,

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Characteristics of philosophy and values of lecturers work culture Arwildayanto

Nulada laku utami, sudaning hawa lan Based on the above facts, the minor napsu, pinesu tapa brata, tanapi ing siang premise proposition: the formation of ratri, amemangan kang enak tyasing values, beliefs and traditions, as well as the sesame, dalihan na tolu, sir‟na passe ot principle of work culture that values or pacce. All the philosophy of work and norms, working as a lecturer motive had work values that give color to a culture of been there before becoming a lecturer and co lecturers in UNP and UNG, as follows, socialization in college lecturers is done table 1. through the recruitment process as well as Table 1. Philosophy Society and its Relevance to the activity of top management in UNP the Value of the Performance of Lecturers. and FIP UNG. Relevance to While the major premise of values, Philosophy Society the Value of the Performance Lecturers beliefs, and working principle lecturers in Adat basandikan syara‟- Work can be an instrument of UNP and FIP UNG sourced from the syara‟ basandikan worship comes from the philosophy of work is taken from each kitabullah (ABS-SBK) or religious rules and hadith entity influenced the dynamics of Indigenous based religion- al'qur'an employment and lecturer work culture. religion based on Alqur‟an. Alam takambang jadikan Working as a lecturer Working Philosophy Lecturer in guru (Learning from sourced from natural Education Management Context theNature Phenomenon) phenomena that harmony Lecturer work culture at UNP and Rumah gadang (big house) Work the encouragement of UNG associated with the interaction of achievement Tungku nan tigo Work organizes a variety of individuals in institutions. sajarangan, tali nan tigo potential students and Understanding the lecturer Work sapilin (Furnace three, the colleagues. culture could have done through the three belt straps) Payu limo to talu, lipu pei Work must have the values analysis of symbols; artifacts exist and hulalu of civilization in the form of are used in making these interactions. willingness to defend the This conclusion is supported by the homeland, faithfulness to the end, sincerity to sacrifice proposition: (1) Institutions working their property for the benefit philosophy disseminated through of society, including environmental management, artifact- mohuyula style building rector UNP "rumah Toga Work with rational thinking and a holistic view gadang", the rector construction form Wani ngalah luhur Work is either not in conflict “toga”, relief and ornament as well as wahasane and away from the source of the adage shows the balance between conflict. (Succumbing to achieve a higher purpose the cognitive, affective, and lecturer steer clear of conflicts or psychomotor in the act, work, problems) accomplished in an atmosphere of Nulada laku utami, Work hard and sincere work sudaning hawa lan napsu, (Imitate behavior that is harmony, brotherhood family, the pinesu tapa brata, tanapi persistently trying day and attitude of introspection and civilization ing siang ratri, amemangan night, always trying to match, as well as the times. kang enak tyasing sesame sacrifice lust, love builds To understand the cultural symbols character, encouraging others to do). those are used by UNP and UNG in Sir‟Na Passe at Pacce Work best and be proud motivating the lecturers to work optimally. while avoiding themselves divided culture into three levels (level), from shameful deeds, consisting of, a) Lowest level (the lowest keeping a sense of solidarity level) contains beliefs held away in society, unselfish Dalihan a tolu Work to uphold religious (unconscious) in the form of thoughts and values and beliefs. feelings can be of value and action, known Source : The Analysis of Researcher, 2017 as the basic underlying assumptions, b)

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Proceeding the 1st International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI) Page 59-73 ISBN : 978-602-50898-0-0 espoused values, contains the strategy, Kitabullah (ABS-SBK) contributed greatly goals, and institution work philosophy, c), to shaping the work culture lecturer, in most visible level contain, level the top proposition (1) ABS-SBK as the and can be observed, including the embodiment of noble values that live in organizational structure, site, ritual, the community Minangkabau. Philosophy decoration, system reward and university above gives a view of activity in the work management process better known as lecturers must based on syara‟ contained in artifacts. The following overview the book of Allah "Al-qur'an". summarizes the level of lecturer Work Appreciation of the value of ABS-SBK by culture UNP and UNG figure 2, as some lecturers UNP to bring them on the follows: value of the spirituality of work, the value of makrifatullah work as worship. Conceptually meaning of ABS-SBK is customary based on religion (Islam) and religion based on Qur'an. ABS-SBK is the essence of the unification of the rules of the teachings of Islam that is universal to the Minangkabau locally, in a planned, organized, unified, dynamic and mutually supportive. In accordance with the Oath Hill Marapalam Satie, the have agreed to make Islam as the only religion professed by the Minangkabau society. A mix of traditional and personality Figure 2 : Levels of Culture and Work Institute 'is included adat nan sabana adat or adat (Schein, 2004). nan sabatang panjang, nan dibubuik

Among the three levels of culture, indaknyo layua, dianjak indaknyo mati, lecturer cultural philosophy of UNP and indak lapuak dek hujan, indak lakang dek FIP UNG including the cultural level of paneh and apply throughout Minangkabau. the second that is espoused value. In the event of any discrepancy or conflict Top Leaders Task Managing between the rules of Islam with indigenous Philosophy and Work Values from Minangkabau, the main priority is the rule Various Entities of Islam. Adjustment of the basic Entities identified Minangkabau of principles of Islam with indigenous four (4) work philosophy that characterizes Minangkabau carried out peacefully the behavior of the lecturers work, among through the deliberation. other philosophies Adat bersendikan The moral teachings of ABS-SBK: syara‟-syara‟ bersendikan kitbullah, alam 1) the Minangkabau community hold fast takambang jadikan guru, rumah gadang, to the rope of Allah that is based on the tungku tiga sejarangan dan tali tiga faith of Islam and uphold the truth sapilin”. contained in the indigenous Minangkabau, Philosophy Adat Bersendikan all citizens Minangkabau should unite in Syara‟-syarak Bersendikan Kitabullah order to mobilize all its ability to harness divine grace upon the world, by learning (Al-Qur‟an) seriously and make a living with a lawful From many cultures that also add to way, so that they can live in prosperity in the Minangkabau lecturer work culture the world and in the hereafter. 2) ABS- UNP. The values contained in Adat SBK aims to realize a community of Bersendikan Syara‟-Syara‟ Bersendikan Minangkabau virtuous and noble,

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Characteristics of philosophy and values of lecturers work culture Arwildayanto survivors in the world and the hereafter. support and reference for the overall (3) ABS-SBK has propaganda value to activities of community life Gorontalo, always give thanks to the grace and favor whether it is related to rituals or sharia, as Allah subhanahu wa taala, prohibits the well as those activities relating to nature of envy, jealousy, and wounded indigenous and daily habits. This is appointments, as well as working hard to understandable, that Gorontalo is known change the destiny to earn a living lawfully for its philosophy of "Aadati hula-hulaa to by his own efforts (Ibrahim, 2004) Saraa, Saraa hula-hulaa to kur'ani" which The cultural identity of translates as "custom syarak jointed, Minangkabau is already declared in saying jointed syarak Kitabullah In a variety of of “Adat basandi syarak, Syarak basandi perspectives on local wisdom traditional kitabullah.” To maintain the understanding hula-hulaa to saraa, saraa hula-hulaa to and relations between people of qur'ani, responded to and perceived by Minangkabau to the heart and soul of various circles as a determinant for travel Minangkabau cultural identity, it is and cultural construction Gorontalo people necessary that Minangkabau people stay in the past to the future based civilize. The engaged to their cultural identity. Through context can be read in a variety of literary a discourse that is built in social media, works in the intellectual and cultural people chat and discuss various topics of experts Gorontalo, both of which have old Minangkabau. By constantly talking about age (even among them there are already it, people share the understanding about deceased) and young scholars are cultural rules of Minangkabau (Franzia, increasingly emerging (Mashadi, 2015). dan Saidi, 2015). Alam Takambang Jadikan Guru Philosophy of ABS-SBK who grew (Learning from the Natural up in the UNP has also graced the lecturers Phenomenon work UNG knowing philosophy adati Philosophy of alam takambang hula-hula‟a to sara‟a-sara‟a hula-hula- jadikan guru taken from the philosophy of hula‟a to kuru‟ani or Adat bersendikan Minangkabau society containing at least syara‟-syara‟ bersendikan Al-qur‟an have four meanings, such as learning self-taught high moral message in motoloagama - a lifetime without limits of time and (religious). In the era of King place, Islamic values, distancing oneself Motoladulakiki, it was legalized the from the world of the spirits. relation between law custom and religious Socialization of Alam Takambang law shariah, can be applied as long as it Jadikan Guru can be found in the strategic was not contradicted each other. plan UNP, in a variety of media promotion Gorontalonese believes indigenous owned UNP included in various official strongly influenced the dynamics of website UNP. Work philosophy of Alam works. It can be seen from the customary takambang jadikan guru which became the motto adopted: aadati ma dilidilito motto of the work of all lecturers in UNP bolomopo‟aito. Aadati mahunti-huntingo comes from philosophy of life the bolomopodembingo, aadati ma dutu-dutu Minangkabau society, as contained in the bolomopohutu (indigenous already following maxim: modeled stay connect, has been cut just put Panakiak pisau sirawik, custom, tradition is ready to stay ambiak galah batang lintabuang, implement the work in order to give silodang ambiak kanyiru, meaning civility) (Mardiana and Darwis, Satitiak jadikan lawik, 2015). sakapa jadikan gunuang, Since the dawn of Islam as a religion Alam takambang jadi guru and belief officially among the people of Gorontalo, since it was also the Islam the

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Proceeding the 1st International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI) Page 59-73 ISBN : 978-602-50898-0-0 The meaning of the above statement Theologically UNP working philosophy is a work behavior lecturers guided by his has divine powers that pivot on the creator understanding of the value that is held in of universe. In the life of the divine powers common as working to improve scientific act as the development and maintenance of insights achieve performance brilliantly to humanity quality through righteous deeds read, ponder, understand the nature emission of one's faith professor who outstretched so as lecturers concerned may worked at the agency. reap the essence of the teachings of nature In Minangkabau traditional system, is a source of knowledge which can be the values contained in natural philosophy used to guide and nurture human being “Alam takambang guru” make teachers, is towards a better society. This conclusion is base on the power of the mind as the basis supported proposition below: (2) of the behavior and actions. Action and Philosophy of Alam Takambang Jadi social work lecturer directed to the Guru meant that the phenomena occurring improvement and enrichment of the in nature is a source of knowledge quality he always enhance, strengthen and (learning media) conducted a lifetime, maintain the dignity of humanity and the without limits of time and place. (3) The quality of work based on worship. The aim of natural philosophy fosters the spirit Hofstede Research Institution and Globe of higher learning, lifelong without limits project in the finding of time and place. emphasis collective well being and show a Minangkabau community leaders to strong humane orientation within their explain the philosophy of alam takambang society (Irawanto, 2011). jadikan guru aligned Islamic values, as Philosophy of Rumah Gadang described in the Qur‟an Allah SWT says, (Rumah Bagonjong) and Toga Inna fiikholqissamaawaati wal-ardhi, The building UNP artifacts form wakhtilaafillaili wannahaari, la-aayatun Rumah Gadang leave a message where the liuulil Albaab meaning, in fact the creation philosophy of Rumah Gadang or called of the heavens and the earth and the also Rumah Bagonjong implanted has succession of night and day, there are signs meaning brotherhood, kinship, family and a source of knowledge for the servant hood, consensus, harmony, introspection, who understands and likes to take lessons. civilization, and cultural awareness, work Supported by the following proposition: performance as well fit and properness (4) natural philosophy, we know more (alua jo patuik). So also the philosophy of fully that “Alam takambang jadi guru” the furnace three cooking stones and rope (Natural unfurled be a teacher) meant that three uniting has meaning participative view of life, basic values is implemented leadership, and regulations that govern in every day working in indigenous labor and human behavior. While at UNG Minangkabau pituah and the source of rector‟s building was constructed in the “society philosophy” of the form, nature form of Toga, that given a important and natural life. Work lecturers guided by message there the philosophy of the an understanding of the value of labor graduation toga (graduation dress) who harmony, and dynamic according to the want to have socialized meaningful that demands of work and the times. (Gani, way of thinking (mind set) made up of 2012) community lecturers see the various Moreover, the informal leader of the problems encountered and observed UNP always reminded that lecturer work viewed in various perspectives or studies. should be oriented to the service quality Meanings of the value of working improve the performance, underpinned by philosophy comes from artifacts of the the values of sacrifice, the value of building in the form of the Rumah gadang academic honesty and responsibility. and graduation toga has multiple

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Characteristics of philosophy and values of lecturers work culture Arwildayanto functions, among others, 1) the function controlled by religion, philosophy and value in terms of personal needs lecturers, politics. In order to survive and to 2) the function value in terms of the needs maintain healthy ecosystems we must of institutional place of where lecturers correct our ethical views as our scientific work, and 3) the function value is knowledge increases. There is need for considered communal society of the continuously adapting and extending Minangkabau need and Gorontalo where ethics and thus developing updated lecturers work. guidelines for human behavior and for Related to the personal needs of safeguarding our progress on dangerous lecturers, the value contained in the work roads into the future (Kinne, 2002). philosophy of power the work activities in In a community that embraces the lecturers consciously or unconsciously, traditional ethics usually do not want to guiding the thinking of the lecturers, accept the changes, they retain the rules or behave and feeling. Work philosophy is ethics that has prevailed for generations in summed up as energy, moving the community. While the presence of a ammunition lecturer‟s activity consciously community that embraces eco-ethics, they or not does the job. will accept the new rules that apply Structuring the artifacts UNP dynamically in accordance with the times building and UNG, takes the absolute and and is based on balance and science. These relative form. It means that the UNP and changes such as running water, that is not UNG absolute always stood firm, striving static, and in harmony with the philosophy and developing based on scientific truth of alam takambang jadikan guru, rumah and think holistically. While the meaning gadang, toga wisuda, tungku tigo of relative form always accept that truth is sajarangan and tali tigo sapilin etc. This is relative wherever it comes from, by supported by the proposition, (5) Working developing a mission in accordance with philosophy of the longhouse architecture the task in hand becoming the university that blends ethnic elements with modernity which produce qualified graduates. adds value for existing lecturers on this The work lecturers carry out the campus to have a high cultural awareness lecture and community service, without into personality his work. (6) Message being followed by a multiplication of construction rector toga graduation form research activities that are not increment. that thinks outside the academic Because the main characteristics inherent community and holistic assessment is to a lecturer also dubbed scientists. It will based on a strong scientific. not mean anything, if a lecturer does not The meaning of the statement perform any of the three main functional mentioned above proposition in the duties, it will be not acknowledge as a context of management education is scientific. embedded cultural awareness is high and Another rationale is relevant to becomes the personality of each lecturers lecturer work philosophy of UNP, namely in carrying out duties and provide energy the concept of "eco-ethics". Ethics have a for the efforts to establish better working long history. Their origins date back to the culture. This cultural awareness is also birth of human consciousness: the easier for the top leadership to "control" awakening of creativity and abstract the lecturers lead. It could even be the thinking, the roots of faith and religion, "span of control" does not require all the evaluation and organisation of levels of leadership directly involved. human activities. As humanity itself, (Suharjanto, 2011). Awareness of this ethics are subject to evolution. Over work culture really means to manage thousands of years different traits of famous lecturers with intellectuals, traditional ethics have evolved, guided and intelligent and critical.

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Proceeding the 1st International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI) Page 59-73 ISBN : 978-602-50898-0-0 The above statement is supported by Philosophy of wani ngalah luhur the results of previous studies, the stronger wahasane (Succumbing to achieve the the culture that formed in the life of a lofty goal) lecturer at the school became the driving Lecturer work culture at UNP and performance improvement (Arianto, 2013) UNG instead came from Minangkabau Philosophy of Payu Limo to Talu, entity and Gorontalo, also affected other Lipu Pei Hulalu urban lecturers who come from ethnic Philisophy of payu limo to talu, lipu Javanese have a proposition: (7) work pei hulalu, guarded nation (bangusa principle “wani ngalah luhur wahasane” talalo), state defended (lipu poduluwalo), Succumbing to achieve the lofty goal. devoted themselves (batanga pomaya), Meaning the value of the lecturer work treasure sacrificed (upango potombulu), that come from ethnic Javanese give color lives sacrificed (nyawa podungalo) to the lecturer job performance of UNP become moral force UNG to strengthen its and UNG. Among developing values- identity as a pioneer university culture. So oriented work on kaprawiraan values the instrument identifier subjects that have (heroism), and kaprayitnan (vigilance) been agreed on is insight culture. tulada value (real example) and ngawat- Derivative prepared faculty to also awati value (supervision). In fact, they subjects which have links with universities often provide manun karso (creative identifier. Faculty of Education to initiate impetus), using the expression nyuwun UNG presence identifier faculty courses sewu (sorry) and sumonggo (please) in the “etnopedagogic”. interaction of work and friendship with The moral for UNG lecturers in the other lecturers. Philosophy of wani ngalah urban working constantly strengthen motto luhur wahasane laden with moral batanga pomaya, nyawa podungalo, harata messages about: ethics, personality, potom bulu, gives meaning to work to loyalty and honesty in service and defend the homeland, loyal to the end, a perform the task of responsibility and treasure for the benefit of society, integrity (Supriyatno et al., 2016) including huyula. is the basis on the In interacting with the citizens of the principal's leadership which composed of 8 campus, they also apply liyan ngajeni liyan values activities such as: Ambu (collect); (respect for others) and njaga ketentreman Ti'ayo (call abruptly); Timo'a (accumulate (harmony). So many (faculty and students) in material form); Hileiya (move); feel pleased to be associated with them. If Dembulo (closing); Duluhu (road on they are given the mandate became a remote); Hulunga (a crowd); Himbunga leader in its businesses, a philosophy that (starting something new). Cultural values is often displayed a pattern of exemplary Huyula that are integrated in the principal's leadership. Ing ngarso sungtulado, Ing leadership consists of four grades activities madya mangun karso dan Tut wuri namely: Ti'ayo (call abruptly), Hulunga handayani. meaning lecturers (leaders (acrowd); Timo'a (accumulate in material should set an example to students or form); Dembulo (closing). The key values subordinates). Javanese propositions that that are stressing in Huyula culture is a contain the meaning of components of social value which social cooperation on a wisdom are grouped into the following voluntary basis containing the value of eleven categories: 1) self-recognition and cooperation, solidarity, empathy, caring, self development, 2) self-management, 3) unity, deliberation, kinship, exemplary, introspection, 4) responsibility, 5) sincerity and efficiency. Huyula have a acceptance of his/her own right, 6) acting positive impact for lecturers, students, the cautiously, 7) social relationship community and parents (Marhawati and management, 8) justice, 9) appreciation to Ulfatin, 2016).

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Characteristics of philosophy and values of lecturers work culture Arwildayanto others, 10) sincerity, and 11) consistency another mutual influence and color lecturer (Rahyonon et al., 2011). work culture UNP and UNG. Philosophy of Dalihan Na Tolu Attempts to manage the Batak also influenced the dynamics acculturation of work formed by the of working in the UNP and UNG. His combination of culture that brought each presence helped influence and color the lecturers needs to be done to avoid lecturer work culture UNP and UNG. misunderstandings and conflict is an act in Work values owned sourced from managing cultural differences. philosophy dalihan na tolu. Supported Management acculturation can lecturers proposition: (9) Dalihan na tolu in design work shift work culture of origin working, serving an institution is required among the faculty in carrying out the to uphold religious values, including social work. A shift in work culture can shape an life, maintaining harmony, rekindle the alternative work culture new in accordance spirit of solidarity and justice. with the needs and dreams of the future Meaning work philosophy of dalihan UNP. na tolu is the principle of social ethics Managing workplace acculturation Batak people who said such a cauldron, of UNP lecturers is not an easy job. The dalihan na tolu is the furnace which serves top leaders of the UNP could adopt to provide balance and harmony in the thought in a model of cultural learning (a society as well as from the furnace was model which consists of 4 levels of also the fire of solidarity. So the working practical management work culture principle dalihan na tolu prioritize values (Hoecklin et al., 1999). First, of civilized humanity, morality, respect. understanding and consideration should be The dalihan na tolu customs system is the given carefully to all lecturers to make identity of the Batak people and they cultural diversity into the implicit cannot be separated from the traditional knowledge into explicit. Cultural values system wherever located (Martial et al., and beliefs (cultural beliefs) including 2016). lecturers mindset about the value of good

Philosophy of Siri‟ Na Passe at and bad, right and wrong of the respective Pacce cultures that interact in an institution UNP UNG lecturers also dominant in the and UNG. Often lecturers do something ethnic Buginesse and Makassar. His involuntarily and felt that the way it should presence helped provide color and be the way he works without knowing that dynamics in the development of lecturer in fact what it does is based on a culture work culture FIP UNG with the that had been in belief. Whereas the philosophy “siri‟na pace” it supported institution requires demands for changes to proposition: (10) Philosophy “siri‟ na the way, the quality of work and passe at pacce” is a lively character given productivity, second, make an agreement our ancestors who lived in the village and on the specific results expected from outside. The moral for lecturers in the interactions. The deals to do acculturation work instilled the values of hard workers necessary in achieving a desired labor (gettang) and straight (lempuk), remind productivity institution. Does wearing one each other in goodness (malilu si way offered or a combination of a variety pakainge), mutual help in trouble (mali si of ways to offer, third, understand why parappe), each member morale and every culture did everything according to motivation (rabb si patokkang). Of the the way and approve the approach or various cultural entities that exist on combination of approaches is certain to campus UNP either dominant or urban one produce the campus desired job performance. An understanding of the differences in approach in resolving a

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Proceeding the 1st International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI) Page 59-73 ISBN : 978-602-50898-0-0 problem or instilling the values of the new solutions based on the input (feedback) work from differences in cultural multicultural. background is important to have an The steps above becoming an instructor with a cultural diversity, fourth, alternative misunderstanding, discomfort, review the modified approach to fit and disharmony does not happen, so it can be match the desired culture of the campus. eliminated or reduced work productivity New alternative of choice applied together can be achieved. So also acculturation is since the emergence of new working also able to identify each culture is culture, also need to be reviewed with a different and find a middle ground to build view is in accordance with the expected bridges between differences in cultural work culture and to support the work values are taken. lecturers. Management acculturation of the 4. CONCLUSION lecturer work carried out for the Based on the research findings and development of higher education can theoretical description above are provide added value. This is due to concluded as follows: lecturers that there was fixated on the 1. The lecturer work philosophy becomes differences but to find a way to resolve the driving force, the driving and differences. Alternative formulations that signposts for lecturers in carrying out its can be done to learn to understand the duties and obligations. culture of a colleague (we understand from 2. The working philosophy lecturer them, they understand from us), each important socialized as a whole, is lecturers understand the culture of others transparent to all lecturers in order to (each understand from each others), each work philosophies serve as guidelines in lecturers to understand something new performing its duties and obligations. culture of his colleagues (each understand 3. In relation to the education something new), applies to each other management requires intensive (Vastag et al., 2002) guidance and supervision of the top Acculturation is a proactive leaders so that the appreciation and approach on a practical level that is understanding of the work culture has directly carried out by people who are become more meaningful. Top working. Each lecturer who has different management needs to provide cultural cultural backgrounds different work does awareness work that stresses work is not stay still remain actively seeks a worship. middle ground to avoid or resolve 4. The cross-cultural contacts under each misunderstandings, distortions that may faculty in the space diversity is provides occur. The top management (rector) can process of acculturation. cooperate through several steps, 1) 5. Acculturation in the employment knowing what you want addressed context lecturers provide modification, collectively, the result of what is to be renewal and enhancement work for achieved, 2) what carried out by the lecturers because of the competition. lecturers with cultural backgrounds in Lecturers urban working more proactive performing the work, 3) why they work in and focused with his duties. a particular way, 4) ways in which one Thanks to all those who have given brings in results desirable, 5) did consent the opportunity to do research and to an approach or create a new work publications, especially the Higher culture, 6) implement a solution that is Education DP2M Kemendikbud RI and achieved and to review the impact of the Universitas Negeri Padang and Universitas combination agreement, 7) filtering Negeri Gorontalo already drop support for funding this research.

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