Медвест Англ №3 ОКТЯБРЬ -10-18.Indd

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Медвест Англ №3 ОКТЯБРЬ -10-18.Indd Оригинальные исследОвания ORIGINAL RESEARCH Экспериментальная медицина Experimental medicine © Group of authors, 2018 UDC 616.313.014.01 DOI – https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2018.13095 ISSN – 2073-8137 THE HISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE ENDOTHELIUM OF THE TOOTH-ALVEOLAR COMPLEX IN INFLAMMATION AND OSTEOPOROSIS Sirak S. V. 1, Shchetinin E. V. 1, Bykova N. I. 2, Petrosyan G. G. 1, Tarabrina A. G. 1, Gayvoronskaya T. V. 2, Skorikova L. A. 2, Risovanniy S. I. 2 1 Stavropol State Medical University, Russian Federation 2 Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation ГИСТоХИмИЧЕСКИЕ оСоБЕННоСТИ ЭНдоТЕЛИя СоСУдов ЗУБоаЛЬвЕоЛярНоГо КомПЛЕКСа ПрИ воСПаЛЕНИИ И оСТЕоПороЗЕ С. в. Сирак 1, Е. в. Щетинин 1, Н. И. Быкова 2, Г. Г. Петросян 1, а. Г. Тарабрина 1, Т. в. Гайворонская 2, Л. а. Скорикова 2, С. И. рисованный 2 1 Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет, российская Федерация 2 Кубанский государственный медицинский университет, Краснодар, российская Федерация The results of immunohistochemical studies of the pulpal state and vascular endothelium of the dental alveolar complex are presented in the experimental modeling of periodontitis and osteoporosis in sheep. The endothelial structural param- eters of PD in animals in the gums of the upper and lower jaws differ and affect the length, thickness of cells, number of mitochondria, Golgi complex, reticulum of the endothelium, relationship between the nucleus and cytoplasm, and amount of heterochromatin in the nucleus. In periodontitis, pathological changes are noted in the endothelial circle, as well as in peri- cytes; this is manifested by a complex vascular-tissue reaction of the microcirculatory bed of periodontal tissues with a vio- lation of the rheological properties of the blood, combined with the formation of exudate and an inflammatory cell infiltrate. In the early period after the formation of the model of experimental osteoporosis, slight thickening and straightening were observed in the Korff fibers; at 180 days, the APhF exhibited a more linear structure, occasionally forming a finely mottled network that resembled a mosquito net. At 1 year of observation, there was a lack of Korff fibers in the primary substance of the pulp, and significant thickening of the argyrophilic membranes in the vascular endothelium; these are signs of impairment in the metabolism of the tooth pulp. Keywords: osteoporosis, periodontitis, experiment, endothelium Представлены результаты иммуногистохимического исследования пульпы и эндотелия сосудов зубоальвеолярно- го комплекса при экспериментальном моделировании пародонтита (ПД) и остеопороза (ОП) у овец. Эндотелиальные структурные показатели при ПД у животных в сосудах десен верхней и нижней челюсти различаются и затрагивают длину, толщину клеток, количество митохондрий, комплекс Гольджи, ретикулум эндотелия, взаимосвязь ядра и цито- плазмы и количество гетерохроматина в ядре. При ПД патологические изменения отмечены не только в эндотелиаль- ном кругу, но и в перицитах, что проявляется комплексной сосудисто-тканевой реакцией микроциркуляторного русла тканей пародонта с нарушением реологических свойств крови, образованием экссудата и воспалительного клеточно- го инфильтрата. В ранние сроки после формирования модели экспериментального ОП наблюдались незначительное утолщение и выпрямление волокон Корфа, а к 180 суткам эксперимента аргирофильные волокна становились более выпрямленными, иногда образовывая мелкопетлистую сеть, похожую на москитную сетку. В срок наблюдения 1 год в части препаратов наблюдалось отсутствие волокон Корфа в основном веществе пульпы, значительное утолщение аргирофильных мембран в эндотелии сосудов как признак ухудшения обмена веществ в пульпе зуба. Ключевые слова: остеопороз, пародонтит, эксперимент, эндотелий For citation: Sirak S. V., Shchetinin E. V., Bykova N. I., Petrosyan G. G., Tarabrina A. G., Gayvoronskaya T. V., Sko- rikova L. A., Risovanniy S. I. THE HYSTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE ENDOTHELIUM OF THE TOOTH-ALVEOLAR COMPLEX IN INFLAMMATION AND OSTEOPOROSIS. Medical News of North Caucasus. 2018;13(3):520-525. DOI – https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2018.13095 Для цитирования: Сирак С. В., щетинин Е. В., Быкова Н. И., Петросян Г. Г., Тарабрина А. Г., Гайворонская Т. В., Скорикова Л. А., Рисованный С. И. ГИСТОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭНДОТЕЛИЯ СОСУДОВ ЗУБОАЛЬВЕО- ЛЯРНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ПРИ ВОСПАЛЕНИИ И ОСТЕОПОРОЗЕ. Медицинский вестник Северного Кавказа. 2018;13(3): 520-525. DOI – https://doi.org/10.14300/mnnc.2018.13095 520 МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ ВЕСТНИК СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА Medical news of north caucasus 2018. Т. 13. № 3 2018. Vоl. 13. Iss. 3 APhF – Argyrophilic Fibers IHCS – Immunohistochemical Study BM – Basal Membrane OP – Osteoporosis DAC – Dental Alveolar Complex PD – Periodontitis DAS – Dental Alveolar Segment nflammatory periodontal disease (PD) is an urgent of alcohol and xylene, after which they were immersed problem in dentistry. Due to its social importance, in Histomix histological medium (BioVitrum, Russia), IPD occupies a special role in medicine; according using a closed-type histological processor Tissue-Tek to recent data, up to 90 % of the population exhibit VIP™ 5 Jr and the paraffin filling station Tissue-Tek® PD of mild, moderate, and severe degrees [1, 2]. TEC™ 5 (Sakura, Japan). Histological sections of 3– The age spectrum of PD disease primarily covers a 5-μm thick were made from the resulting blocks by using period of 25–35 years; with increased age, severe a microtome and a table for the preparation of histological forms of PD are increasingly observed. Although the sections (Bio-Optica, Italy); the sections were stained nosology of PD has been involved a large number of with dyes (Bio-Optica and BioVitrum) on an automatic studies, there is no consensus regarding its etiology Prisma™ multi-stainer (Sakura, Japan). The painted and pathogenesis. In recent years, scientists have sections were enclosed in the mounting environment of speculated that a cause of PD involves circulatory Biomount (BioVitrum). Staining of sections for review disorders; in particular, dystrophic processes purposes was performed with hematoxylin and eosin; develop as a result of atherosclerotic changes in collagen fibers were stained by the Akimchenko and blood vessels [3, 4]. Notably, pathomorphological Masson methods. To identify antigens in tissue cells, studies revealed significant changes in the walls IHC was performed with antibodies: monoclonal mouse of the periodontal arteries (perivascular sclerosis, antibodies to vimentin (V9), α-smooth muscle actin-α- thickening of the walls of blood vessels, narrowing of SMA (1A4), CD34 (QBEnd/10), epithelial membrane the lumen, and/or hyalinosis). antigen (Anti-EMA, E29) (Spring Bio Science, USA). IHC In the scientific literature, a pathological role of reactions were performed with paraffin sections by using hypoxia in PD has been highlighted. Multiple studies have the highly sensitive Reveal biotin-free polyvalent DAB revealed a reduction in oxidation-reduction potential in imaging system (Spring Bio Science). The intensity of periodontal pathology, as evidenced by the accumulation IHC in each sample was monitored under a microscope. of weakly oxidized products in tissues; as a result of For the second stage of the study, 10 sheep were this change, the barrier function of periodontal tissues divided into two groups: basic (six animals) and control decreases and pathological phenomena characteristic (four animals). In the main group, an experimental model of PD (e.g., gingivitis, bone resorption, and pathological of OP was induced under general anesthesia (Zoletil 50); periodontal pocket formation) occur [5]. Of particular ovariectomy was performed, followed by intramuscular interest is the study of the histochemical features of injection of dexamethasone for 3 months [9]. Tissue periodontal tissues in a chronically progressing systemic collection was performed under general anesthesia in the metabolic disease of the skeleton: osteoporosis (OP), area of the lower incisors (hooks), by isolating DAS under which is characterized by a reduction in bone density, general anesthesia after 90 days, 180 days, and 1 year a violation of microarchitectonics, and an increase in after the start of the experiment. In the control group, the fragility. corresponding dental alveolar complex (DAC) in the intact The aim of this study was to perform a histochemical animals was examined. The isolated blocks were fixed for evaluation of the structure of the vascular endothelium in 8–10 days in a 12 % solution of neutral formalin, decalcified periodontal tissues in inflammation and OP. in a mixture of equal volumes of 10 % formic and 8 % Material and Methods. Experimental research was hydrochloric acid, washed under running water, immersed performed in two stages; experimental animals were in alcohol solutions of increasing concentration, and poured mature sheep of the North Caucasian breed (18 animals, into celloidin. Sections 3–5-μm-thick were stained with including 10 females and 8 males). During the study, two hematoxylin and eosin, then impregnated with silver by the experimental models were created in animals: PD and OP. Fout method. When APhF was detected in the decalcified During the first stage of the experiment, four animals blocks, slices were prepared to assess the state of the with unchanged periodontium (control group) and four cellular elements of the tooth pulp by impregnating with with obvious signs of disease (the main group) were silver nitrate by the Bilshovsky-Gross and
Recommended publications
  • Reactive Stroma in Human Prostate Cancer: Induction of Myofibroblast Phenotype and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling1
    2912 Vol. 8, 2912–2923, September 2002 Clinical Cancer Research Reactive Stroma in Human Prostate Cancer: Induction of Myofibroblast Phenotype and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling1 Jennifer A. Tuxhorn, Gustavo E. Ayala, Conclusions: The stromal microenvironment in human Megan J. Smith, Vincent C. Smith, prostate cancer is altered compared with normal stroma and Truong D. Dang, and David R. Rowley2 exhibits features of a wound repair stroma. Reactive stroma is composed of myofibroblasts and fibroblasts stimulated to Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology [J. A. T., T. D. D., express extracellular matrix components. Reactive stroma D. R. R.] and Pathology [G. E. A., M. J. S., V. C. S.] Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 appears to be initiated during PIN and evolve with cancer progression to effectively displace the normal fibromuscular stroma. These studies and others suggest that TGF-␤1isa ABSTRACT candidate regulator of reactive stroma during prostate can- Purpose: Generation of a reactive stroma environment cer progression. occurs in many human cancers and is likely to promote tumorigenesis. However, reactive stroma in human prostate INTRODUCTION cancer has not been defined. We examined stromal cell Activation of the host stromal microenvironment is pre- phenotype and expression of extracellular matrix compo- dicted to be a critical step in adenocarcinoma growth and nents in an effort to define the reactive stroma environ- progression (1–5). Several human cancers have been shown to ment and to determine its ontogeny during prostate cancer induce a stromal reaction or desmoplasia as a component of progression. carcinoma progression. However, the specific mechanisms of Experimental Design: Normal prostate, prostatic intra- stromal cell activation are not known, and the extent to which epithelial neoplasia (PIN), and prostate cancer were exam- stroma regulates the biology of tumorigenesis is not fully un- ined by immunohistochemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of the Endothelium
    Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 3: 1392–1406 REVIEW ARTICLE Spatial and temporal dynamics of the endothelium W. C. AIRD Division of Molecular and Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA To cite this article: Aird WC. Spatial and temporal dynamics of the endothelium. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 1392–1406. particular emphasis on: (i) the mechanisms of phenotypic Summary. The endothelium is a highly metabolically active heterogeneity; (ii) the bench-to-bedside gap in endothelial organ that is involved in many physiological processes, biomedicine; (iii) endothelial cell activation and dysfunction; including the control of vasomotor tone, barrier function, and (iv) the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approa- leukocyte adhesion and trafficking, inflammation, and hemos- ches in endothelial-based diseases. tasis. Endothelial cell phenotypes are differentially regulated in space and time. Endothelial cell heterogeneity has important implications for developing strategies in basic research, diag- Scales of investigation nostics and therapeutics. The goals of this review are to: The term ÔvascularÕ refers to blood vessels, the elaborate (i) consider mechanisms of endothelial cell heterogeneity; series of blood-filled hollow tubes that deliver oxygen and (ii) discuss the bench-to-bedside gap in endothelial biomedicine; nutrients to all tissues of the human body. The vascular (iii) revisit definitions for endothelial cell activation and system comprises both blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. dysfunction; and (iv) propose new goals in diagnosis and For purposes of this review, we will focus on the former. For therapy. Finally, these themes will be applied to an under- more information about lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic standing of vascular bed-specific hemostasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Angiocrine Endothelium: from Physiology to Cancer Jennifer Pasquier1,2*, Pegah Ghiabi2, Lotf Chouchane3,4,5, Kais Razzouk1, Shahin Rafi3 and Arash Rafi1,2,3
    Pasquier et al. J Transl Med (2020) 18:52 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02244-9 Journal of Translational Medicine REVIEW Open Access Angiocrine endothelium: from physiology to cancer Jennifer Pasquier1,2*, Pegah Ghiabi2, Lotf Chouchane3,4,5, Kais Razzouk1, Shahin Rafi3 and Arash Rafi1,2,3 Abstract The concept of cancer as a cell-autonomous disease has been challenged by the wealth of knowledge gathered in the past decades on the importance of tumor microenvironment (TM) in cancer progression and metastasis. The sig- nifcance of endothelial cells (ECs) in this scenario was initially attributed to their role in vasculogenesis and angiogen- esis that is critical for tumor initiation and growth. Nevertheless, the identifcation of endothelial-derived angiocrine factors illustrated an alternative non-angiogenic function of ECs contributing to both physiological and pathological tissue development. Gene expression profling studies have demonstrated distinctive expression patterns in tumor- associated endothelial cells that imply a bilateral crosstalk between tumor and its endothelium. Recently, some of the molecular determinants of this reciprocal interaction have been identifed which are considered as potential targets for developing novel anti-angiocrine therapeutic strategies. Keywords: Angiocrine, Endothelium, Cancer, Cancer microenvironment, Angiogenesis Introduction of blood vessels in initiation of tumor growth and stated Metastatic disease accounts for about 90% of patient that in the absence of such angiogenesis, tumors can- mortality. Te difculty in controlling and eradicating not expand their mass or display a metastatic phenotype metastasis might be related to the heterotypic interaction [7]. Based on this theory, many investigators assumed of tumor and its microenvironment [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Skeletal Reorganization and Chromatin Accessibility During Re- Vascularization-Based Blastema Regeneration
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 23 April 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0642.v1 Article Keratin5-BMP4 mechanosignaling network regulates cell cyto- skeletal reorganization and chromatin accessibility during re- vascularization-based blastema regeneration Xuelong Wang 1,2,4,†, Huiping Guo 1,6,†, Feifei Yu 1,†, Hui Zhang 1, Ying Peng 1, Chenghui Wang 3, Gang Wei 2, Jizhou Yan 1,5,* 1 Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. 2 CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 3 Department of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. 4 Present address: Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univer- sity, Shanghai, China. 5 CellGene Bioscience, Shanghai, China. * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this study. Abstract: Heart regeneration after myocardial infarction remains challenging in reconstruction of blood resupply system. Here, we find that in zebrafish heart after resection of the ventricular apex, the local myocardial cells and the clotted blood cells undergo cell remodeling process via cytoplas- mic exocytosis and nuclear reorganization within revascularization-based blastema. The regenera- tive processes are visualized by spatiotemporal expression of three blastema representative factors (alpha-SMA- which marks for fibrogenesis, Flk1for angiogenesis/hematopoiesis, and Pax3a for re- musculogensis),and two histone modifications (H3K9Ac and H3K9Me3 mark for chromatin re- modeling). Using the cultured zebrafish embryonic fibroblasts we identify blastema fraction com- ponents and show that Krt5 peptide could link cytoskeleton network and BMP4 signaling pathway to regulate the transcription and chromatin accessibility at the blastema representative genes and bmp4 genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence for the Nonmuscle Nature of The" Myofibroblast" of Granulation Tissue and Hypertropic Scar. an Immunofluorescence Study
    American Journal of Pathology, Vol. 130, No. 2, February 1988 Copyright i American Association of Pathologists Evidencefor the Nonmuscle Nature ofthe "Myofibroblast" ofGranulation Tissue and Hypertropic Scar An Immunofluorescence Study ROBERT J. EDDY, BSc, JANE A. PETRO, MD, From the Department ofAnatomy, the Department ofSurgery, and JAMES J. TOMASEK, PhD Division ofPlastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York Contraction is an important phenomenon in wound cell-matrix attachment in smooth muscle and non- repair and hypertrophic scarring. Studies indicate that muscle cells, respectively. Myofibroblasts can be iden- wound contraction involves a specialized cell known as tified by their intense staining of actin bundles with the myofibroblast, which has morphologic character- either anti-actin antibody or NBD-phallacidin. Myofi- istics of both smooth muscle and fibroblastic cells. In broblasts in all tissues stained for nonmuscle but not order to better characterize the myofibroblast, the au- smooth muscle myosin. In addition, nonmuscle myo- thors have examined its cytoskeleton and surrounding sin was localized as intracellular fibrils, which suggests extracellular matrix (ECM) in human burn granula- their similarity to stress fibers in cultured fibroblasts. tion tissue, human hypertrophic scar, and rat granula- The ECM around myofibroblasts stains intensely for tion tissue by indirect immunofluorescence. Primary fibronectin but lacks laminin, which suggests that a antibodies used in this study were directed against 1) true basal lamina is not present. The immunocytoche- smooth muscle myosin and 2) nonmuscle myosin, mical findings suggest that the myofibroblast is a spe- components ofthe cytoskeleton in smooth muscle and cialized nonmuscle type of cell, not a smooth muscle nonmuscle cells, respectively, and 3) laminin and 4) cell.
    [Show full text]
  • GLOSSARY of MEDICAL and ANATOMICAL TERMS
    GLOSSARY of MEDICAL and ANATOMICAL TERMS Abbreviations: • A. Arabic • abb. = abbreviation • c. circa = about • F. French • adj. adjective • G. Greek • Ge. German • cf. compare • L. Latin • dim. = diminutive • OF. Old French • ( ) plural form in brackets A-band abb. of anisotropic band G. anisos = unequal + tropos = turning; meaning having not equal properties in every direction; transverse bands in living skeletal muscle which rotate the plane of polarised light, cf. I-band. Abbé, Ernst. 1840-1905. German physicist; mathematical analysis of optics as a basis for constructing better microscopes; devised oil immersion lens; Abbé condenser. absorption L. absorbere = to suck up. acervulus L. = sand, gritty; brain sand (cf. psammoma body). acetylcholine an ester of choline found in many tissue, synapses & neuromuscular junctions, where it is a neural transmitter. acetylcholinesterase enzyme at motor end-plate responsible for rapid destruction of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. acidophilic adj. L. acidus = sour + G. philein = to love; affinity for an acidic dye, such as eosin staining cytoplasmic proteins. acinus (-i) L. = a juicy berry, a grape; applied to small, rounded terminal secretory units of compound exocrine glands that have a small lumen (adj. acinar). acrosome G. akron = extremity + soma = body; head of spermatozoon. actin polymer protein filament found in the intracellular cytoskeleton, particularly in the thin (I-) bands of striated muscle. adenohypophysis G. ade = an acorn + hypophyses = an undergrowth; anterior lobe of hypophysis (cf. pituitary). adenoid G. " + -oeides = in form of; in the form of a gland, glandular; the pharyngeal tonsil. adipocyte L. adeps = fat (of an animal) + G. kytos = a container; cells responsible for storage and metabolism of lipids, found in white fat and brown fat.
    [Show full text]
  • Prostaglandin E2 Breaks Down Pericyte–Endothelial Cell Interaction Via EP1 and EP4-Dependent Downregulation of Pericyte N-Cadh
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Prostaglandin E2 breaks down pericyte–endothelial cell interaction via EP1 and EP4‑dependent downregulation of pericyte N‑cadherin, connexin‑43, and R‑Ras Carole Y. Perrot1,2, Jose L. Herrera1,2, Ashley E. Fournier‑Goss1,2 & Masanobu Komatsu1,2* A close association between pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) is crucial to the stability and function of capillary blood vessels and microvessels. The loss or dysfunction of pericytes results in signifcant disruption of these blood vessels as observed in pathological conditions, including cancer, diabetes, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator of infammation, and its tissue concentration is elevated in cancer and neurological disorders. Here, we show that the exposure to PGE2 switches pericytes to a fast‑migrating, loosely adhered phenotype that fails to intimately interact with ECs. N‑cadherin and connexin‑43 in adherens junction and gap junction between pericytes and ECs are downregulated by EP‑4 and EP‑1‑dependent mechanisms, leading to breakdown of the pericyte–EC interaction. Furthermore, R‑Ras, a small GTPase important for vascular normalization and vessel stability, is transcriptionally repressed by PGE2 in an EP4‑dependent manner. Mouse dermal capillary vessels lose pericyte coverage substantially upon PGE2 injection into the skin. Our results suggest that EP‑mediated direct disruption of pericytes by PGE2 is a key process for vascular destabilization. Restoring pericyte–EC interaction using inhibitors of PGE2 signaling may ofer a therapeutic strategy in cancer and neurological disorders, in which pericyte dysfunction contributes to the disease progression. Pericytes are mesenchyme-derived mural cells that surround endothelial cells (ECs) of capillary blood vessels and microvessels.
    [Show full text]
  • Dengue Glossary and Acronyms
    Dengue Clinical Case Management E-learning Dengue Glossary and Acronyms Merriam-Webster, PubMed Health, and Mosby’s Medical Dictionary were consulted in the compilation of this glossary. Afebrile: not marked by or having a fever Agonal breathing: irregular breathing associated with respiratory failure Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE): occurs when nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies enhance viral entry into host cells. Once inside the white blood cell, the virus replicates undetected, eventually generating very high virus titers which is thought to lead to more severe disease Arthralgia: pain in one or more joints Ascites: abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the spaces between tissues and organs in the cavity of the abdomen—called also hydroperitoneum Asystole: lack of heart beat or electrical activity Atrioventricular: 1: of, relating to, or situated between an atrium and ventricle 2: of, involving, or being the atrioventricular node Auscultation: the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment Bolus: a large amount of a substance such as a drug or fluid given intravenously over a short period of time Bradycardia: slow heart rate Cerebral edema: the accumulation of fluid in, and resultant swelling of, the brain Cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder Colloid: a fluid containing insoluble molecules such as albumin that are incapable of passing through capillary walls, thereby maintaining or increasing osmotic pressure in the blood Cytokines: any of a class
    [Show full text]
  • Renin-Angiotensin System in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Treatment of CVD
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Renin-Angiotensin System in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Treatment of CVD Anastasia V. Poznyak 1,* , Dwaipayan Bharadwaj 2,3, Gauri Prasad 3, Andrey V. Grechko 4, Margarita A. Sazonova 5 and Alexander N. Orekhov 1,5,6,* 1 Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia 2 Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110067, India; [email protected] 3 Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; [email protected] 4 Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 5 Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 6 Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.V.P.); [email protected] (A.N.O.) Abstract: Atherosclerosis has complex pathogenesis, which involves at least three serious aspects: inflammation, lipid metabolism alterations, and endothelial injury. There are no effective treatment options, as well as preventive measures for atherosclerosis. However, this disease has various severe complications, the most severe of which is cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is important to note, that CVD is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important part of inflammatory response regulation. This system contributes to Citation: Poznyak, A.V.; Bharadwaj, the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the injured site and stimulates the production of various D.; Prasad, G.; Grechko, A.V.; cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-a, and COX-2.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
    NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Myofibroblasts in Schistosomal Portal Fibrosis Of
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 94(1): 87-93, Jan./Feb. 1999 87 Myofibroblasts in Schistosomal Portal Fibrosis of Man + Zilton A Andrade/ , Sylviane Guerret*, André LM Fernandes Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz , Rua Valdemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brasil *Laboratoire Marcel Merieux, Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, France Myofibroblasts, cells with intermediate features between smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, have been described as an important cellular component of schistosomal portal fibrosis. The origin, distribu- tion and fate of myofibroblasts were investigated by means of light, fluorescent, immunoenzymatic and ultrastructural techniques in wedge liver biopsies from 68 patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. Results demonstrated that the presence of myofibroblasts varied considerably from case to case and was always related to smooth muscle cell dispersion, which occurred around medium- sized damaged portal vein branches. By sequential observation of several cases, it was evident that myofibroblasts derived by differentiation of vascular smooth muscle and gradually tended to disappear, some of them further differentiating into fibroblasts. Thus, in schistosomal pipestem fibrosis myofibroblasts appear as transient cells, focally accumulated around damaged portal vein branches, and do not seem to have by themselves any important participation in the pathogenesis of hepatosplenic schistoso- miasis. Key words: myofibroblast - schistosomiasis - pipestem fibrosis - liver The characteristic
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Characterisation of 3D Skeletal Muscle Constructs Under Defined Mechanical Regulation
    Development and Characterisation of 3D Skeletal Muscle Constructs under Defined Mechanical Regulation By Umber Cheema, B.Sc (Hons) UCL A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Royal Free and University College Medical School July 2004 Department of Surgery, Charles Bell House, 64 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Royal Free and University College Medical school, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill street, London NW2 2PF 1 UMI Number: U591876 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U591876 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my primary supervisor, Robert Brown, for all his help, encouragement, guidance and support over the course of my studies. He has helped make this whole learning experience a truly enjoyable one. I am also deeply thankful for the support of my second supervisor, Geoffrey Goldspink, who has given me a sound understanding of muscle and for giving me the opportunity to study. I would like to thank all the staff and students I have had the privilege of working with.
    [Show full text]