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KAPENTA RIG SURVEY of the ZAMBIAN WATERS of LAKE KARIBA Guy Paulet

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KAPENTA RIG SURVEY of the ZAMBIAN WATERS of LAKE KARIBA Guy Paulet SF/ 2014/ 45 KAPENTA RIG SURVEY OF THE ZAMBIAN WATERS OF LAKE KARIBA Guy Paulet Funded by European Union The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Indian Ocean Commission Programme for the implementation of a concerning the legal or development status of any country, Regional Fisheries Strategy for the territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the Eastern and Southern Africa – Indian Ocean Region delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by Indian Ocean Commission in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of Indian Ocean Commission. KAPENTA RIG SURVEY OF THE ZAMBIAN © 2014 Indian Ocean Commission WATERS OF LAKE KARIBA Guy Paulet (23 December 2013) Indian Ocean Commission Blue Tower 5th floor, rue de l'Institut Ebene, Mauritius Tel : +230 402 6100 Fax: +230 466 0160 smartfi[email protected] www.coi-ioc.org www.smartfish-coi.org SF/ 2014/ 45 “ This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and can no way be taken to the reflect the views of the European Union.” TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Executive summary 6 Background and problem statement 8 Survey methods 9 Aerial Survey 9 Vessel Survey 9 Land Survey 10 Survey results 10 Discussion 11 Summary and recommendations 12 SmartFish future involvement 13 Additional Recommendations /proposal from the kapenta industry 13 Appendix 1 - Comments 18 Appendix 2 - DOF report 19 Appendix 3 - Attendance lists 25 Appendix 4 - Sample area coordinates 27 Appendix 5 - Financial breakdown 28 Appendix 6 - Data sheet used for water based survey 29 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This survey revealed the huge extent of overfishing of kapenta that is occurring on the Zambian side of Lake Kariba and the rate at which this problem is expanding. It can be confidently reported that there are at least 950 boats but more likely over 1000 on the Zambian side of Lake Kariba. This is four times the number of vessels estimated to keep fishing at the original maximum sustainable yield. Rapid action is required to prevent further collapse of the kapenta fishing industry and it is therefore important to highlight the lack of Background enforcement and the lack of resources within Local Government and DOF to police these waters. This lack of enforcement is identified to be one of the leading problems. The DOF do not appear to have any record of the number of rigs registered legally on the lake. The following recommendations are submitted: and problem statement 1. Determine how many kapenta fishing licenses have actually been issued; 2. Halt the issuing of any additional kapenta fishing licenses and renew existing licenses for operators who comply with all existing regulations (such as catch return submission, certificates of seaworthiness etc); 3. Remove unlicensed/unregistered/duplicated vessels immediately from the water; 4. Clearly mark all legal vessels with unique codes and use a coded microchip to prevent vessel duplication 5. Remove/ prosecute illegal fishers from Little Kariba 6. Remove illegal kapenta fish drying camps; 7. Conduct enforcement patrols regularly with police support; 8. Revive and develop a functional Association of kapenta fishers and allocate them power to self-regulate and police the waters; 9. Improve collaboration with Zimbabwean authorities; 10. Conduct an aerial survey of the Zimbabwean waters of Lake Kariba ASAP in order to determine the total fishing effort on the lake; 11. Conduct a hydro acoustic survey of the lake again in order to set the total allowable catches and effort limits (apparently plans are underway); DOF’s recommendations: taken from their report which was received on 05/02/2014 (Appendix 2) 1. there is need for the Ministry of Commerce and Industry to meet with Department of Maritime and Inland Waterways and Department of Fisheries to explore possibilities of harmonizing the Act in an effort to halt the registration of new Kapenta Companies as well as construction of new rigs. 2. There is need to strengthen law enforcement on the lake in order to ensure adherence to this provision. This could be done through increased random patrols jointly between DOF, Maritime and Marine Security. 3. There is need for DOF in conjunction with Maritime Department to conduct regular rigs inspection programme in order to remove all illegally constructed and unlicensed rigs. 4. Rig construction should be considered as separate industry by companies at their permanent designated places for easy inspection (and not constructed all over the lake shore). 5. Improve law enforcement on the entire lake Since the survey was undertaken, some of the recommendations have already been initiated which is a very positive sign. On 21st January a meeting was held in Sinazongwe and among others, it was resolved that there will be a 10 day lunar closure every month, thus 120 nights per annum of no fishing. It was also resolved that the formation of a single Association for Lake Kariba representing all fishers (including gillnetting etc) will occur. In addition, it was resolved that all illegal rigs be removed and forfeited to the State, but it is not clear how this will happen. The DOF recommends the use of water-based surveys over aerial surveys but it is the SmartFish expert’s opinion that once all costs and time frames are considered, there is no better method than aerial surveillance for this purpose. SmartFish would be in a good position to facilitate a number of the proposed recommendations. Further dialogue between the DOF and SmartFish will identify possible areas for collaboration in the future. Enforcing existing legislation and promoting the re-establishment of a single and functional Management Association amongst the fishers is seen as a priority. KAPENTA RIG SURVEY OF THE ZAMBIAN WATERS LAKE KARIBA 6 BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM STATEMENT SURVEY METHODS The pelagic kapenta, Limnothrissa miodon, was introduced into Lake Kariba in 1967 from Lake Tanganyika. AERIAL SURVEY It is managed by Zambia and Zimbabwe as a single stock using a collaborative fisheries resource An Islander aircraft was hired from ProCharter to fly two four-hour surveys on the Zambian side of management initiative with meetings previously funded by the FAO. It was previously agreed, during Kariba. Two SmartFish consultants sat side by side at the back of the aircraft with an unobstructed view the Zambia/Zimbabwe SADC Fisheries Project, that management of the Kapenta fishery be conducted and counted vessels out of their respective windows. The aircraft flew along the shoreline from the dam jointly with agreed harvest levels. A 1997 study concluded that the maximum sustainable yield of wall up to the top of the lake, and returned down the lake over open water and any islands that may the kapenta stood at 25,000t and that the stock was 30,000t. The Zambia/Zimbabwe SADC Fisheries have been missed on the first leg. The first survey flight missed out the islands in the vicinity of Zebra Project set a maximal limit of 500 Kapenta fishing rigs for the Lake in order to allow fishing to continue Island and the Little Kariba area but these areas were overflown in the second survey. Boats counted at a sustainable level, with this number divided into 230 for Zambia and 270 for Zimbabwe. However, in these two areas during the second survey were added to the counts from the first survey. The lake due to a lack of monitoring, policing and joint meetings between the two countries, the number stood at was divided into 5 areas based on flying time in order to give some idea of the distribution of vessels 632 rigs for the Zambian side alone in 2011 and the current survey indicates a massive increase in the (Figure 2; Appendix 3). number of Kapenta rigs since then. Another hydro acoustic survey is planned for the near future which will review the kapenta stock status and allow for a revision of the total allowable catch (TAC). The establishment of a Kapenta Fishermen’s Association (KFA) was meant to ensure and guide sustainable VESSEL SURVEY utilisation of fisheries resources but as reported in the last Frame Survey (2011), KFA has become ineffective due to a lack of support and a lack of policing of their policies by the Department of Fisheries (DOF). According to role players in the industry and DOF, the volunteer KFA no longer has the ability to influence the industry. In addition it appears as though there is no complete record of the actual number of vessels licensed on the Zambian side of the Lake. This survey will provide an audit of the total number ZAMBIA of Kapenta fishing vessels within Zambian waters. ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE ZIMBABWE Figure 3: Areas (A-F) as used for the aerial surveys The water-based survey of kapenta vessels was initiated in three areas, Siavonga, Chipepo and Sinazongwe. The main fisheries vessel, the Namazambwe, is based in Sinazongwe and was commissioned for an 8 day period from the 6th of December until the 13th of December. Initially, it sailed for the Little Kariba region of the Zambezi River which is beyond Devil’s Gorge, which demarcates the start of Lake Kariba. The Namazambwe and its tender boat worked their way back past Sinazongwe surveying vessels and marking Figure 2 Lake Kariba them with paint for identification purposes.
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