The Growth and Development of Modern Education in Bhutan (1907 to 1997 A.D.)
THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN EDUCATION IN BHUTAN (1907 TO 1997 A.D.) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY By RATNA PAUL SUPERVISOR DR. SAILEN DEBNATH Associate Professor, Alipurduar College CO-SUPERVISOR PROF. ANANDA GOPAL GHOSH Retired Professor, Department of History, N.B.U. Department of History University of North Bengal October 2017 ABSTRACT Title: “THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN EDUCATION IN BHUTAN (1907 TO 1997 A.D.)” The march of modern Bhutan actually began since the year 1907; and the introduction of modern education under the hereditary kings began thereafter. Before the advent of modern education, monasteries were the centres of learning. The monastic education system was considered as a part of religion as it included the study of religious scriptures as well as literacy, numeracy, philosophy, astrology, arts, painting, traditional medicines etc. Monks and the nuns still hold a high position but with the introduction of modern education system, the monastic education has lost much of its influence. Ugyen Wangchuck, the first hereditary King, directed his Chamberlain, Ugyen Dorji to make contact with Dr. Sutherland, the principal of the Scottish University Mission Institution and Dr. John Graham, founder of the Graham‟s Homes School in Kal- impong. Dr. Sutherland sent two teachers to Bhutan and the first school of modern education began at Haa in western Bhutan in 1914. A mobile school was also opened at Bumthang in central Bhutan in 1915 by the first King to teach crown prince and other children. Hindi was the medium of instruction while English was also taught.
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