SSM CASE STUDY FILE ALBANIA Activity

SSM CASE STUDY FILE ALBANIA

Activity 4.2

DISCLAIMER FOR CASE STUDY REPORTS The present report was prepared in the framework of the project SARMa – Sustainable Aggregates Resource Management, which is co-financed by the EU within the South East Europe Transnational Cooperation Programme. The information reported is accurate according to the best knowledge of the authors and is the sole responsibility of the authors of this report. The publication reflects the views only of the authors; and therefore the rest of project partnership and the South East Europe Programme Managing Authority cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

DELIVERABLE SUMMARY PROJECT INFORMATION Project acronym: SARMa Project title: Sustainable Aggregates Resource Management Contract number: Starting date: 1. 5. 2009 Ending date: 31. 10. 2011 Project website address: www.sarmaproject.eu Lead partner organisation: Geological Survey of Slovenia Address: Dimičeva ulica 14, SI-1000 Ljubljana Project manager: Slavko V. Šolar E-mail: [email protected] DELIVERABLE INFORMATION Title of the deliverable: Activity 4.2 National SSM Report for Albania WP/activity related to the WP4 / Activity 4.2 SSM deliverable: Type (internal or restricted or Public public): Location (if relevant): - WP leader: Hungarian Office for Mining and Geology Activity leader: Region Emilia Romagna Participating partner(s): METE Author(s): E-mail: DELIVERY DEADLINES Contractual date of delivery to the JTS: Actual date of delivery to the

JTS:

TEMPLATE FOR BASELINE STUDY REPORTS (BSR) FOR NATIONAL SSM

a. Introduction This report aims to unravel national/regional peculiarities in aggregate resources management for securing a sustainable supply mix (SSM), exposing strengths and weaknesses on the way to achieve a SSM, with specific targets: to analyse the impacts of quarrying activities on the biological context, to achieve informations about the management of aggregates in term of resources availability and exploitation, use, transportation types and routes among supply sources and demand locations and to identify recommendations to improve at a regional/national scale industry and government actions to encourage best practices. In each paragraph are listed the main subjects you should analyse in your specific case study. Some of them are borrowed from the 3.2 BSR for SARMa model sites, adapted at a national level. As for 4.2 Questionnaire, for 4.2 BSR as well you are invited to compile the following report basing on the knowledge your organisation has of the whole procedure (legal, economic, environmental aspects, actors, knowledge base) linked to the management of aggregated resources and mix. We kindly ask you to support the report with figures, diagrams, tables, maps (at a regional scale), photos, etc. as specified in the legend and in the paragraphs below. In some cases you are also asked to integrate the general description with some detailed maps (if you have or if you can produce any); we call them “annexes for database”. The maps listed can be produced for the regional case-study or for different - to one more circumscribed areas which you consider rapresentative for SSM goals. This kind of data will be useful for us in the phase of implementation of the guidelines and of the summary report. Thank you. b. Legend (M) - map (D) - description (text, figures, diagrams, tables, photos..) (S) – shapefiles or other georeferable database c. Baseline Study Report

1. Spatial framework

(M,D) Geographical location and land use planning (spatial relationship between quarry areas, infrastructures, protected areas and Nature 2000 sites; in the map try also to specify at least Corine Land Cover main frames, as listed in the table).

Land use Within state borders, the Republic of Albania covers an area of 28,748 km2. Currently, only 702,580 ha or 62% is agricultural land, most of which is located in the area near the coastal plains and hills. Forests occupy 1,051,520 ha or 37%, pastures occupy 419,566 or 14% and unproductive land, urban land, internal waters occupy 696 769 ha or 24%.

1.a. Agriculture and land use until 1990 in Tirana-Durres-Kavaja.

Before 1990, the movement of the population was strictly limited and, if done, was oriented by the state. As a result of oriented movement, the size of residential areas (towns, villages) that confined the yellow line, increased slowly. This way, the entire surface outside the yellow line was for agricultural use. In that time, the peripheral urban area of the city of Tirana, Durres and other cities was missing because it was not developed.

In the study area of Tirana, Durres and Kavaja the agricultural land occupied only 84,659 ha or 40.5% (Table No.1). The rest of this area was not suitable for cultivation, and was characterized by forests which occupied 60,459 ha and covered over 30% of the surface. Meadows and pastures, which were met mostly in hilly areas, covered 4.2% of the surface.

The main agricultural lands - arable, are located mostly in the North - North - West of the Western district of Tirana, along rivers Erzen, Terkuza, Tirana, while for Durres and Kavaja districts these lands occupies mainly the western part near the coast as well as along lower valleys of rivers Erzen, Ishëm the Shkumbin, and their surface was around 84,659 ha or 80% of agricultural land. So, by 84,659 ha of agricultural land about 66,851 ha was the arable one which was cultivated each year until 1990, about 6,434 ha were arboriculture, 7,608 ha were of olives and 3,766 were vineyards (Table No.1).

Table no. 1 – Cadastral items of land until 1990

Description Total (000 ha) Total (%) Agricultural land 84 659 37 % Arable land 66 851 29.5 % Fruit trees 6 434 2.8 % Olives 7 608 3.3 %

Natural vegetation is represented by different types of plants, mostly Mediterranean-type shrubs.

1.b. Agriculture and land use after 1991 until 2001

Natural resource Land in Tirana-Durres-Kavaja is under a real stress. So, from the 70% of arable land is used only 40% of it. Fruit trees now occupy only 4.5% of the surface, forests 21.7% of agricultural land, pastures and meadows 4.6%, rejected land 2.0%.

Current shortage of land-use policy has resulted in expansion of land degradation and chaotic urban development, causing loss of agricultural land with good quality for non-agricultural uses. In addition, the urgent need to develop large-scale planned transport corridors crossing throughout the country, rehabilitation of rural roads and development of coastal tourist areas, has brought its impact in terms of land use.

Causes of loss of agricultural land and changes in land use map a- Privatization of land (fragmentation)

After year 1990, the land passed to private possession. Many lands once owned and afterwards sold, where used for houses or business purposes, part of them were left arid or converted to pastures. The remaining 6,898 ha were rejected (1,119 ha in Tirana, 2,604 ha in Durres and 3,175 ha in Kavaja) due to land quality, potential problems or distance from residential centers or national roads. b- Land urbanization

Although the lands around the cities of Tirana, Durres and Kavajes (excluding Rrashbulli and Spitalla lands that are salted) are the most fertile lands of the area, they are rapidly and spontaneously converted to urban purposes. Thus, were created new informal urban areas around the city of Tirana, Durres and Kavaja (Kamza-Bathore, Laknas, Valias, Lanabregas, Mezezi, Yrshek, Paskuqan, Shkoze, Shijaku-Rrashbull, Spitallë, Shkozet etc.). So, these three cities are in continuous expansion with the population coming from other districts of the country. Currently, all these areas are in the process of legalization, which would mean that the area will take the legal form of urban areas by changing the map of land use map. So, we still do not have a final map for land use map. c- Land industrialization

With the construction of Tirana - Durres - Kavaje - Rrogozhine-Lushnje highway, planned to end to Vlora, lands on both sides of it are converted into industrial land, as the most suitable areas for development. On one side is Tirana, with high demand for different products and on the other side is the Port of Durres, which is the country's main port to bring raw materials. At the same time, this road is a hub connecting all parts of southern Albania. d- Land erosion

The hills of Tirana, Durres Kavaja formations are formed by flishes, highly vulnerable to climate change when they are poor of vegetation and are a source of erosion. In addition to the geological erosion which is widespread in the hilly area of TDK, there is an increased erosion driven by human activity, as a result of wrong agricultural policies. In this area there are landslides (Lanabregas, Selite, Synej etc), deep cracks, hill faults due to terracing (Selita) Movement of population in areas around Tirana has led to loss of vegetative cover on the area as they are deforested for housing purposes. In the area of Valias, along Erzeni river, the land has been planted with trees to protect the river from erosion. After the mine closure and urbanization of the area, trees were cut down by individuals. Erosion of river banks is already problematic. Coastal area

Golem-Kavaja has had a belt of with pines which protected the land from wind erosion. This belt is already been damaged enough by the conversion of land into a tourist zone. Also, in the emerging Lalzi Bay this phenomenon started to show up, but this area has already been declared a national park and pine belt is not significantly damaged. Uncontrolled exploitation of river beds has also increased land erosion on both sides of river banks, especially in Erzen River (Kamza - Valias area) and Tirana River. e- Displacement of the yellow line and suburban area has led to the conversion of agricultural land in urban or industrial land f- Infrastructure Rapid urbanization of agricultural land requires obviously a development of necessary infrastructure in these areas as constructing new roads, laying electric lines and potable water, construction of commercial units, services etc. g- Land degradation

As a result of the collapse of coal mining in Valias, Mezez, Maminas, Manze entire areas of agricultural land over exploited galleries are damaged and therefore all drainage and irrigation channels are broken. h- Pollution

Population growth in the area TDK especially in the area around Tirana and tourism area of Durres – Kavaja, has caused the increase of surface of waste collection sites, polluting nearby areas. In the peri- urban area of Tirana there are undetermined and uncontrolled waste sites. A massive pollution have the river banks of Erzeni river. Also, a big pollution has occurred in Spitalla area, where mass urbanization is performed without any kind of physical infrastructure, therefore non-operative drainage channels, have become open septic tanks and are a major source of infection for residents living there, for the city environment and underground water.

1. Artificial 3. Forests and semi- 2. Agricultural areas 4. Wetlands 5. Water bodies surfaces natural areas

1.1. Urban fabric 2.1. Arable land 3.1. Forests 4.1. Inland wetlands 5.1. Inland waters

3.2. Shrub and/or 1.2. Industrial, herbaceous commercial and 2.2. Permanent crops 5.2 Marine waters vegetation transport units associations 1.3. Mine, dump and 3.3. Open spaces with 2.3. Pastures construction sites little or no vegetation

1.4. Artificial non- 2.4. Heterogeneous agricultural agricultural areas vegetated areas

At http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/landuse/clc-download you can download LandCover data in shape-file; better detail is welcome, if you have access to any.

annexes for database – (M,S) 1.a. Map of the environmental constraints (landscape, protected areas, forestal areas, fluvial strips..)

2. Geological setting and resources

GEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE TIRANA - DURRES - KAVAJA REGION The Tirana - Durres - Kavaja Region takes part in central Albania, the most developed and most populous region of the country. In geological building of the Tirana - Durres - Kavaja region take part these tectonic units (from east to west) • Mirdita Zone • Krasta Sub-zone • Kruja Zone • Ionian Zone • Adriatic Lowland MIRDITA ZONE is the most eastern area of the region Tirana - Durres - Kavaja. In the Mirdita zone are included the volcano-sedimentary and sedimentary formations, where in the latter ones are distinguished carbonates, carbonate - siliceous, radiolarite cherts (siliceous) and terrigenous rocks. Also, in Mirdita Zone are included even the ophiolitic formations of Triassic and Jurassic and metamorphic melange. KRASTA SUB ZONE The formations of Krasta sub-zone have wide spread in the region. On their foundation emerge flysch pre-carbonate deposits. On the early flysch are placed the slim-layer porcelain limestones. The section is concluded with new flysch deposits of Paleocene. In the west they overlie to the flysch of Kruja zone, while in the east on those overlie the formations of Mirdita zone. KRUJA ZONE In the Kruja zone appear the carbonate formations of the upper Cretaceous and Eocene and the flysch formations of the Oligocene. IONIAN ZONE In the deposits of the Ionian zone of our region are distinguished the Oligocene flyschs and the flyschoids of Aquitanian and Burdigalian. ADRIATIC LOWLAND Adriatic lowland formations are entirely molasse and generally lie transgressivelly on underlying formations of the Ionian and Kruja zone. Transgression starts during the Langhian and continues with some break up cycles until the Pliocene. The Adriatic Lowland builds up the western and central area of Tirana - Durres - Kavaja region. Their lithological composition is mainly sandy and clays with layers of coal. TIRANA SYNCLINAL The synclinal of Tirana, or otherwise known as Tirana Depression, represents an eastern branch of the Adriatic Lowland. In the creation of Tirana Synclinal participate molluscs of Serravallian and Tortonian. In the Tirana synclinal are distinguished the 5 formations of the Tortonian:

3t Mamli formation (N1 (a)). On the basement of this formation come out the basalts conglomerates and following are placed the Clay-siltstones deposits. 3t Priska Formation (N1 (b)) - The lower part of section is represented by the sandstones in thick layers and massive, with silstones or reddish gravel sandstones inlayers. In the central part of the section are added the siltstones inlayers between sandstones, while in the upper one appear reef limestone mainly lithothamnion (lithotamnics) who are wedged northward. 3t Skuterra Formation (N1 (c)) – it is represented by the combination of thick packages of Clay – siltstones, blue-gray color, with rare inlayer of polimict sandstones with fine to medium grains until gravels in the bottom part. Contains also charcoal stratifications. Thickness is 300 – 380 m. 3t IBA Formation (N1 (d)) - thick layer sandstones until massive with combined stratification. Rarely inlayers and gravels lens. The sandstones’ color is yellow of pale, slightly reddish. We have to do mainly with the polimic sandstone of quartz-felshpatic, thick - medium grains with weak cementation ("tufa"). Thickness is 180 – 460 m. 3t Mëzesi Formation (N1 (e)) – is represented by sandstones similar to the Iba ones in the lower part of northern part of the region, which in the southern and central part pass facially in siltstones and clay with coal inlayers (stratification). Thickness is 450 – 670 m. 3 MESSINIAN (N1 m) - The Messinian deposits are of clay - sandy composition with gypsum layers. Has wider extension in Kavaja district and less in the Durrësi one. PLIOCENE (N2) - spreads mainly in the western part of the Tirana - Durres - Kavaja region, in Rrogozhinë – Kavaja, Kryevidh, Shijak - Rrashbull – Durres. Pliocene deposits are placed transgressivally on the deposits of Tortonian molluscs and those of Messinian. H HELMASI FORMATION (N2 ) - Lithologically is represented by massive clays with very rare sandstone inlayers. On the basement of Pliocene are placed always basalt conglomerates of transgression. R RROGOZHINA FORMATION (N2 ) - generally is divided into two packages. In the bottom package are shown combinations of sandstone-siltstone while in the upper one appear conglomerates with weak cementation until moderate. QUATERNARY (Q) Quaternary deposits are widely spread in the region of Tirana - Durres - Kavaja. In the Quaternary deposits are distinguished the Pleistocene and Holocene ones, with colluvial, deluvial, proluvial, alluvial, lagoon, marshland and maritime genesis.

TYPE OF PRIMARY AGGREGATES

The type of aggregates that we meet is mainly of the primary types as broken rocks, quartz sands and inert of river’s sand. A number of studies are carried out by the Albanian Geological Service and the reserves in the Tirana- Durres-Kavaja region are calculated. There are eight entities in this zone, which are with limestone, dolomitized limestones of the Cretaceous and the Paleocen of Kruja zone. They are located mainly in the mountain range Dajti - Kruja. Four entities belong to the Neogen lithotamnic limestone of the Pre Adriatic Lowland. It is necessary an environmental study, because the research - evaluation works were performed long ago and did not take into account the actual requirements for the environmental and natural beauty protection, especially of the Dajti National Park. As a more typical example we may mention the object of Qaf- Priska, Shish-Tufina, Ferajt, etc. For those entities that continue to be used in some cases intensively, should be considered to pass in perspective zones, which does not harm the environment.

In the Tirana basin exist all the possibilities for the replacement of the river gravel, whose exploitation all through the rivers’ network is banned by the decision of CM and NCW, with inert materials deriving from the use of carbonate rocks by quarries. In the Erzen - Ishëm basin especially in the districts of Tirana and Kruja, as perspective working areas to extract carbonate gravel, should be the sectors in the north - eastern slope of range mountain Dajti - Kruja, in the limestone of Kruja zone, in the platy limestones of Krasta zone and lithotamnic limestone, especially in the synclinal of Vrapi. Table __ provides a summary of the main sources-locations of this basin and related stocks (reserves). As seen from this table, in this basin are available an amount of about 216 million ton of carbonates possibly to fully replace the inert materials of the river. The table below shows that currently in the TDK area are licensed 72 entities in the use of carbonate rocks. A part of these entities use limestone for the production of lime and for the cement factory in Fushë Kruje. For the quantities used by the entities are lacking accurate data in order to make a full assessment. According to the surveys made we calculate that during a year it is used about 650,000- 700,000 m3 carbonate rocks for the production of inert materials, lime and cement. Recently are increased the exploitation capacities as a result of the ban on use in the rivers’ beds.

Lloji i Përbërja kimike në % Rezervat

Nr Vendburimi, Rajoni mineralit CaO MgO SiO2 Fe2O3 Resurset Perspektiva objekti, ton 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. Laçit Kurbin Gelqeore 54.8 0.38 0.15 0.03 8380000 E hapur 38.35 14.69 0.20 0.34 2 Mamurras ,, ,, 55.0 0.30 0.76 0.12 68660800 ,, 3 Droje ,, ,, 55.1 0.55 0.29 0.04 45494400 ,, 4 Zall-Fushe-Kruje ,, ,, 54.9 0.49 - 0.01 5200000 ,, 5 Ferraj-Babrru Tirane Gel.litotam 47.5 0.82 11.3 1.44 >1000000 ,, 6 Shtish-Tufine ,, ,, 54.8 0.61 7.80 1.40 6600000 ,, 7 Zall-Dajt ,, gelqeore 54.5 0.40 0.95 0.22 2444000 ,, 8 Qaf-Priske ,, ,, 53.1 0.70 - 0.20 46800000 ,, 9 Priske ,, ,, 55.3 0.62 0.26 0.15 >10000000 ,, 10 Pellumbas ,, ,, 55.7 0.38 0.23 0.14 >10000000 ,, 11 Dorez Kule ,, Gel.litotam 52.4 0.76 1.53 - 5940000 ,, 12 Vrap ,, ,, 51.3 1.99 1.62 - 5000000 ,, 13 Totali >216519200

Tabela 10: Subjektet qe shfrytezojne kariera ne basenin Ishem Erzen Rezervat e Nr Rrethi Emri i subjektit Vendburimi Vendodhja e Objektit Leja Date Mineralit licensuara Siperfaqja Lloi I lejes

1 Kurbin LLESHI Afer fshatit Delbnisht 222 18.12.1995 Gelqeror 555,750 0.341 Shfrytezimi

2 Kurbin MET HASANI Shperdhet Afer fshatit Shperdhet 627 28.06.2001 Gelqeror 109,940 0.0055 Shfrytezimi

3 Kurbin KOTICA Shuls Afer fshatit Shperdhet 904 26.08.2005 Gelqeror 1,407,295 0.0651 Shfrytezimi

4 Kruje DELIA GROUP Borizane Afer fshatit Borizane 794 20.08.2004 Gelqeror 12,346,250 0.185 Shfrytezimi Kodra e Fezes 5 Kruje ALBA INERT Borizane Afer fshatit Borizane 756 16.03.2004 Gelqeror 6,200,000 0.253 Shfrytezimi F.K CEMENT 6 Kruje FACTORY Zalle Afer fshatit Borizane 795 08.09.2004 Gelqeror 43,194,258 1.195 Shfrytezimi

7 Kruje SHIMA Borizane Afer fshatit Borizane 798 22.09.2004 Gelqeror 1,047,000 0.068 Shfrytezimi

8 Kruje KARAJ Pengile Afer fshatit Pengile 708 08.07.2003 Gelqeror 17,000 0.005 Shfrytezimi

9 Kruje XHULJO Kraste Afer qytetit te Krujes 540 17.02.2000 Gelqeror 59,532 0.013 Shfrytezimi

10 Kruje XHULJO Kraste, Makaresh Afer fshatit Makaresh 669 18.07.2002 Gelqeror 59,532 0.005 Shfrytezimi

11 Kruje I - K - 2005 Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 916 09.09.2005 Gelqeror 75,200 0.005 Shfrytezimi

12 Kruje ALBO - 2004 Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 900 08.08.2005 Gelqeror 39,316 0.005 Shfrytezimi IL - VE - GA 13 Kruje Construction Makaresh Afer fshatit Makaresh 851 07.04.2005 Gelqeror 22,598 0.005 Shfrytezimi

14 Kruje KASTRIOTI Kraste Afer Krujes 558 24.05.2000 Gelqeror 78,000 0.005 Shfrytezimi

15 Kruje ART NDERTIM Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 695 26.02.2003 Gelqeror 3,728,066 0.07 Shfrytezimi

16 Kruje BABASI - 2 Makaresh Afer fshatit Makaresh 622 28.05.2001 Gelqeror 389,500 0.01 Shfrytezimi

17 Kruje MAKARESH Makaresh Afer fshatit Makaresh 666 5.07.2002 Gelqeror 1,170,000 0.028 Shfrytezimi

18 Kruje KASTRIOTI shpk Makaresh Afer fshatit Makaresh 936 17.04.2006 Gelqeror 364,840 0.02 Shfrytezimi

19 Kruje XHEMI & JONA Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 917 09.09.2005 Gelqeror 24,700 0.005 Shfrytezimi

20 Kruje KURTI - HY Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 702 29.05.2003 Gelqeror 659,960 0.023 Shfrytezimi

21 Kruje BABASI - 2 Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 899 08.08.2005 Gelqeror 301,215 0.023 Shfrytezimi

22 Kruje SALILLARI Fushe-Kruje Afer fshatit Zgerdhesh 597 01.02.2001 Gelqeror 4,381,376 0.098 Shfrytezimi

23 Kruje BABAJ Makaresh Afer fshatit Makaresh 648 25.09.2001 Gelqeror 28,096 0.005 Shfrytezimi

24 Kruje LOTI Makaresh Afer fshatit Makaresh 894 03.08.2005 Gelqeror 66,500 0.01 Shfrytezimi

25 Kruje GEZIMI XX Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 841 26.01.2005 Gelqeror 158,000 0.0056 Shfrytezimi

26 Kruje PRISKA Hasmuçaj Afer fshatit Hasmuçaj 874 23.06.2005 Gelqeror 1,841,665 0.047 Shfrytezimi Kodra Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste- 27 Kruje SANTARA Hasmuçaj Hasmuçaj 872 22.06.2005 Gelqeror 3,272,950 0.0685 Shfrytezimi

28 Kruje VOGLI Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 631 10.07.2001 Gelqeror 13,565 0.009 Shfrytezimi

29 Kruje SANTANA Afer Krujes 418 06.07.1998 Gelqeror 84,959 0.005 Shfrytezimi

30 Kruje SHALA Kraste Afer Krujes 612 26.03.2001 Gelqeror 42,500 0.005 Shfrytezimi

31 Kruje INERT 2000 Kraste-Hasmuçaj Afer fshatit Hasmuçaj 671 25.07.2002 Gelqeror 68,600 0.005 Shfrytezimi

32 Kruje DOKU Hasmuçaj Afer fshatit Kraste 681 26.11.2002 Gelqeror 37,040 0.004 Shfrytezimi

33 Kruje SHEHU Kraste Afer Krujes 614 26.03.2001 Gelqeror 50,000 0.005 Shfrytezimi

34 Kruje NADI Zidoll Afer fshatit Halil 616 02.04.2001 Gelqeror 76,900 0.005 Shfrytezimi

35 Kruje SELIMI Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 682 26.11.2002 Gelqeror 23,260 0.005 Shfrytezimi Kodra Kraste 36 Kruje BABASI COO Hasmuçaj Afer fshatit Kraste 782 29.07.2004 Gelqeror 97,000 0.058 Shfrytezimi

36 Kruje LATOMIA TIRANA Kraste e Ziltes Afer fshatit Zgerdhesh 926 19.01.2006 Gelqeror 3,646,674 0.09 Shfrytezimi

37 Kruje BORA Verjon Afer fshatit Nikel 724 08.09.2003 Gelqeror 314,086 0.02 Shfrytezimi

38 Kruje IGLI Kurcaj Afer fshatit Kurcaj 781 26.07.2004 Gelqeror 179,900 0.012 Shfrytezimi

39 Kruje FAT - I - ER Koder Vallez Afer fshatit Mukje 736 26.11.2003 Gelqeror 85,000 0.004 Shfrytezimi Faqja e 40 Tirane MC INERTE Tremexhes Afer fshatit Kallmet 592 28.12.2000 Gelqeror 18,102,280 0.236 Shfrytezimi

41 Tirane XHAJS TIRANA Herraj Zall-Herr Afer fshatit Zall-Herr 937 18.04.2006 Gelqeror 6,881,432 0.26 Shfrytezimi

42 Tirane GEGA Zall-Herr Afer fshatit Zall-Herr 848 18.03.2005 Gelqeror 1,074,576 0.075 Shfrytezimi

43 Tirane G.D.E Zall-Herr Afer fshatit Zall-Herr 873 23.06.2005 Gelqeror 544,497 0.06 Shfrytezimi

44 Tirane F. BETON & CONSTRU Zall-Herr Afer fshatit Zall-Herr 749 03.02.2004 Gelqeror 1,777,000 0.078 Shfrytezimi

45 Tirane TIRANA 2 Feraj Afer fshatit Feraj 562 19.06.2000 Gelqeror 279,520 0.014 Shfrytezimi

46 Tirane Ilsa Brrare Afer fshatit Brare 336 03.12.1996 Gelqeror 375,412 0.018 Shfrytezimi

47 Tirane BESA UNIVERSAL Komuna Dajt, Brar Afer fshatit Brare 596 25.01.2001 Gelqeror 315,000 0.032 Shfrytezimi

48 Tirane MINATORI Shtish-Tufine Afer fshatit Shtish-Tufine 341 03.12.1996 Gelqeror 158,794 0.011 Shfrytezimi

50 Tirane ALBMIGROS Shtish-Tufine Afer fshatit Shtish-Tufine 908 01.09.2005 Gelqeror 184,001 0.015 Shfrytezimi

51 Tirane MIQESIA Lanabregas Afer malit te Dajtit 533 05.01.2000 Gelqeror 87,003 0.005 Shfrytezimi

52 Tirane REKORD Qafe Priske Afer fshatit Shkalle 915 07.09.2005 Gelqeror 1,840,500 0.023 Shfrytezimi

53 Tirane DEALKA Qafe Priske Afer fshatit Shkalle 637 01.08.2001 Gelqeror 3,111,500 0.086 Shfrytezimi

54 Tirane LIVELAD SPARTAKU Shkalle, Priske Afer fshatit Shkalle 638 08.08.2001 Gelqeror 10,942,400 0.079 Shfrytezimi

55 Tirane M.I.D - AL Qafe Priske Afer fshatit Priske 549 27.04.2000 Gelqeror 1,012,405 0.022 Shfrytezimi

56 Tirane SINA 98 Qafe-Priske Afer fshatit Qafe-Priske 573 05.09.2000 Gelqeror 1,465,900 0.052 Shfrytezimi

57 Tirane ROER - HL Qafe-Priske Afer fshatit Murth 575 05.09.2000 Gelqeror 0.05 Shfrytezimi

58 Tirane ADI Priske, Selbe Afer fshatit Murth 636 30.07.2001 Gelqeror 1,272,238 0.084 Shfrytezimi Pashkashesh, 59 Tirane PASHKASHESH Berxhite Afer fshatit Pashkashesh 598 02.02.2001 Gelqeror 21,000,000 0.245 Shfrytezimi

60 Tirane BEST - STAR Pellumbas Afer fshatit Pellumbas 546 03.04.2000 Gelqeror 7,407,064 0.24 Shfrytezimi Mali Peshkasheshit, 61 Tirane BEST - STAR Berzhite Afer fshatit Pellumbas 580 13.11.2000 Gelqeror 16,000,000 0.31 Shfrytezimi Afer fshatit Mihajas 62 Tirane HAMIT DYLI Mali I Cirmes Cirma 803 24.09.2004 Gelqeror 893,946 0.0307 Shfrytezimi

63 Tirane ISMAILI Grece-Karaj, Peze Afer fshatit Peze 587 26.12.2000 Gelqeror 442,000 0.105 Shfrytezimi

64 Tirane RIMI 1 Peze Afer fshatit Doriz 657 13.05.2002 Gelqeror 16,979,900 0.323 Shfrytezimi

65 Tirane EL - TE - IN Baldushk Afer fshatit Baldushk 720 01.09.2003 Gelqeror 337,075 0.028 Shfrytezimi Kerkim - 66 Kruje BABASI COO Kraste Afer fshatit Kraste 802 23.09.2004 Gelqeror 0.153 Zbulimi

67 Tirane Bajrami Shtish-Tufine Afer fshatit Shtish-Tufine 379 10.11.1997 Gelqeror 0.002 Shfrytezimi

68 Tirane Kuka Afer malit te Dajtit 409 21.05.1998 Gelqeror 60,057 0.01 Shfrytezimi

69 Tirane Rekord Afer Qafe Priskes 407 19.05.1998 Gelqeror 906,179 0.023 Shfrytezimi

70 Tirane Ani Afer fshatit Tujamit 416 06.06.1998 Gelqeror 3,500,000 0.08 Shfrytezimi

71 Tirane A.T.N.B Afer fshatit Zall-Herr 451 24.02.1999 Gelqeror 5,806,350 0.092 Shfrytezimi

72 Tirane Ag- Invest Afer fshatit Dorez 429 08.10.1998 Gelqeror 2,000,000 0.746 Shfrytezimi

TOTALI i REZERVAVE 211,075,052

(M,D) Structural geology conditions; type of primary aggregates (crushed rock or sand or gravel composition); estimated reserves and other resource potential (secondary aggregates as well as industrial by-products)

annexes for geographic database – (M,S) 2.a. Geological Map 2.b Litho-technical Map 2.c Mining resources Map

3. Biological framework

(M,D) Presence of protected areas and Nature 2000 sites directly or indirectly affected by quarry activities (quarry areas, quarry infrastructures - transportation routes, yards..); fauna, flora and vegetational context.

annexes for database – (M,S) 3.a Vegetational Map (Corine-Biotopes codes, if available) 3.b Fauna potential distribution (main conservation-interests species)

4. Operational and market characteristics

(D) Extraction methods and processing techniques; uses and present market destinations; coverage of demand for mineral resources by a mixture of primary and secondary aggregates (to describe secondary aggregates please refer to classification proposed by WP3 reports).

annexes for database – (M, S) 4.a Quarry Plans Map (extract)

5. Administrative and legal framework

(D) Permit process for extraction; role of SSM in legislation: permit licences for recycling and for re-use of quarry wastes/industrial by-products; legislative management of quarry activities in protected areas and in Nature 2000 sites; presence of effective and regular dissemination of information to particular stakeholder groups.

The licensing process is based on the provisions of the mining law. The new law for mining activities become in power on 28 August 2010 in Albania. (LAW Nr.10 304, datë 15.7.2010 “FOR MINING SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA”. Granting of mining right in the new law include also the competition procedures for the areas where is available geological information. The new law with its provision tends to make more transparent this process by publishing on line the map with the existing permits and the new mining areas which will be developed in the next three years.

The new law does not exclude also the principle ’first come first serve“ for the new area where the geological information is poor, and this principle will help the development of prospecting and exploration activities. Some of the articles taking in consideration the permit procedures are shown as following:

Article 4 Principles of mining activity

1. Activities under a mining right are declared to be in the public interest. 2. Before granting any right pursuant to this law, the decision makers shall be transparent, make produced consultations with the relevant local authorities and written opinion of them. 3. Mining activities are developed in respect of principle for sustainable development and environment protection. 4. A mining right is an intangible right, distinct and independent from that of the ownership of the land where they occur. Unless otherwise indicates in the provision of this law the relationship between holders of mining rights and the owners of the surface of the permit area shall be regulated in accordance with the Albanian legislation in power. 5. State institutions which have in administration/property land , public ownership which are part of a permit area of a mining right , has the right to make an agreement with the mining permit holder without competition procedures, for rent, or emphiteose in accordance with the prices determined from the Council of Ministers. 6. Mining permit holder is liable for all the damages resulting to third parties.

Article 5 Grant of mining rights 1. Mining rights allowing the holder to carry out mining activities in accordance with rights granted under this Law through the mining permits. 2. All mining rights granted pursuant to this Law and based on the areas described on the Annual Plan of Mining Activities, are given to the interested winning subjects in a public competition for the areas declared as competition areas as per article 8 of this law and for the opening areas described on the Annual Plan of Mining Activities as open areas as per article 8 of this law are given to the interested subjects who accomplish the permit conditions based on the principle “First come first served”. 3. State may grant to any juridical person Albanian or foreigner mining rights for competition areas based on public competition and on procedures in accordance with rules and schedules of the Albanian legislation in power for public competition for granting of public goods. Competition procedure will also include technical and financial criteria of the investment and its results as well as the experience of the requester in the mining activities. Competition procedures and terms will be determined by the decision of the council of Ministers. 4. State may grant to any juridical person Albanian or foreigner mining rights in accordance with Albanian legislation in power for concessions. Under the Albanian law, a legal person conducting mining operations in the territory of the Republic of Albania, and carrying out their activity on the basis of a concession contract, which should be in accordance with this Law’s provisions for its mining permit.

Article 9 Criteria for the determination of the mining areas

1. Criteria for the determination of the mining areas are technical. Economical and financial and are based on: a). for the competition areas on the capacity of the reserves, interest for the type of mineral, profitability, investment value, development objectives and territory planning; b). for the open areas in the possibility of finding of new reserves, special interest of the investors, development objectives of the country and territory planning; c). for the concession areas they are determined by the decision of the council of the ministers. 2. Object for granting mining right for prospecting-exploration and exploitation through the competition procedures based on the criteria in accordance of the point 1 in this article are all the areas: a) in which doesn’t exist any mining permit and there is the proper geological information confirmed from the structures in charge and where in unnecessary the prospecting-exploration process for the metals, nonmetals coal and bitumen group, and for the construction mineral group. b) for prospecting-exploration permits , if by the end of the terms of the permit, the mining permit holder does not change them to an exploitation permit even he have found mineral reserves with public interest. c) for exploitation permits abandoned from the mining permit holders; ç) mines or other old mine workings areas abandoned and which results with public interest for exploitation

Article 10 Classification

1. For purposes of this Law, Mining Activities are classified based on the types of the activity and type of mineral. 2. Mining Activities are activity for: a. prospecting-exploration, b. exploitation, c. combination of points as in letters a”, and “b”. 3. Minerals are divided in groups: a. Mineral Group of metals, nonmetals, coal and bitumen. b. Mineral Group of construction minerals c. Mineral Group of precious and semi-precious minerals d. Mineral Group radioactive minerals 4. Minerals parts of each group are listed in Schedule, which is a part of this Law. 5. Mining permits are classified based on type of activity and group of minerals.

Article 29 Conditions for granting of mining permits

1. Any mining permit described above in chapter 3 of this law , are granted to the juridical persons Albanians or foreigner who: a). has not lost the right to have a mining permit in the respect of the provisions of this law; b). has necessary technical abilities,

c). has experience in mining activities; ç). provide a suitable development and investment program and schedule for mining activity prospecting, exploration, exploitation in accordance with the technical provisions; d). has provide an environment rehabilitation plan for the prospecting-exploration and exploitation permits which is in accordance with the provision of environment protection described in Albanian legislation in power and in accordance with the technical rules for mining activities; dh). has provide for the prospecting-exploration and exploitation permits a Closure Mine Activity Plan and a waste management plan which are part of the environment rehabilitation plan suitable for application and in accordance with the environment legislation and technical rules for mining activities ; e). has provide necessary Financial Guarantee to carry out mining activities in accordance of the mining right requested; ë). Present the document with the written opinion of local authorities for the prospecting-exploration and exploitation permits. 2. The content of the project for mining activities, annual plan of mining activities, environment rehabilitation plan, obligatory rules to be fulfilled and the technical rules for mining activities shall be prescribed by the subordinate laws issued by the Minister. 3. Makes exception the fulfillment of this condition from the letter “e” and “ë” of the point 1 above for the permit requested under the conditions of the Article 23 of this law.

Article 30 Procedures for granting of mining permits

1. A mining permit is granted from the competent authority in accordance with the law nr.10081, date 23.2.2009 “For licensing, authorization and permits in Republic of Albania”, based on the public competition procedures for the areas published on the action plan for Implementation of the Mining Strategy and annual plan of mining activities. and/or after checkup for the fulfillment of the obligations pursuant the provision of this law for the conditions for granting of mining permits for the open areas based on the procedures “ first come first serve”. The procedures for granting of mining permits in the open areas are determined by the subordinate laws issued by the Council of Ministers. 2. Mining permits granted by this law are included on the category IV.1 of the annex of the law nr.10081, date 23.2.2009 “For licensing, authorization and permits in Republic of Albania”. Council of Ministers decide to choose for granting of the mining permits based on the law nr.10081, date 23.2.2009 “For licensing, authorization and permits in Republic of Albania” or based on the provisions of this law. In the second case the silence approval is not applied. 3. For the prospecting - exploration permits the last approval for granting of the permit is published and the permit has as effective date the published date in the National Register of the licenses, permits in accordance with the Albanian Legislation in power. 4. For the exploitation permit the last approval for granting of the permit, except the case when is needed the Council of Minister’s or Parliament approval in accordance with the provisions of this law, is published and the permit has as effective date the published date in the National Register of the licenses, permits in accordance with the Albanian Legislation in power 5. The applicant for a mining permit which include prospecting-exploration and exploitation permit must provide the document of Financial Guarantee for the application of the environment

rehabilitation plan which include the closure of mining activity, rehabilitation of waste deposit and rehabilitation of mining area not later than 30 (thirty) calendar days from: a. notification of the approval decision as per point 3 and 4 of this article; b. publication in the “Official Newspaper” of the Council of Minister’s decision for the approval of the permit as per point 2 of the Article 28 of this law ; c. publication in the “Official Newspaper” of the parliament’s decision for the approval of the permit with 99 years terms as per Articles 16, point 5, 24 point 9 and 28 point 5, of this law. 6. The applicant for a prospecting-exploration permit must provide the document of Financial Guarantee for the application of the minimum working plan not later than 30 (thirty) calendar days from: a. notification of the approval decision as per point 3 of this article; b. publication in the “Official Newspaper” of the Council of Minister’s decision for the approval of the permit as per point 2 of the Article 28 of this law ; 7. The applicant for an exploitation permit must provide the document of Financial Guarantee for the application of the investment plan not later than 30 (thirty) calendar days from: a. notification of the approval decision as per point 4 of this article; b. publication in the “Official Newspaper” of the Council of Minister’s decision for the approval of the permit as per point 2 of the Article 28 of this law ; c. publication in the “Official Newspaper” of the parliament’s decision for the approval of the permit with 99 years terms as per Articles 16, point 5, 24 point 9 and 28 point 5, of this law. 8. Mining permit which includes exploitation will be effective after fulfillment of the points 5 and 7 above in this article and will be published date in the National Register of the licenses, permits in accordance with the Albanian Legislation in power. The published date will be the effective date. 9. Mining permit which includes prospecting-exploration will be effective after fulfillment of the points 5 and 6 above in this article and will be published date in the National Register of the licenses, permits in accordance with the Albanian Legislation in power. The published date will be the effective date. 10. In case this document is not provided within the term as described in points 5, 6 and 7 above in this article, the approval decision for the granting of mining rights which includes exploration and exploitation is automatically abrogated. 11. The detailed granting and specific conditions for granting, accompanied documents, terms for evaluation of the fulfillment of such conditions, terms for the presentations and submitting of needed documents for the fulfillment of the conditions, competent authorities for checking of the granting conditions, procedures of checking of the fulfillment of the granting conditions and the permit’s approval or terms extensions for the permits granted for the mining areas are determined by the subordinate laws issued by the Council of Ministers.

Article 32 Trading Authorization for group of precious and semi precious minerals

1. Trading or commerce of the minerals of Group of precious and semi precious minerals shall be carried out only if the person holds a trading authorization. 2. The condition of authorization, accompanied documents, terms of validity and the procedures of checking of the fulfillment of the granting conditions for the authorization issue are

determined by the subordinate laws issued by the Council of Ministers.

Article 33 Licensing of the studying design activity

1. Studying design activity in the mining sector shall be carried out only from a licensed persons entitled for this purpose by a valid license. 2. Shall be licensed to carry out studying design activities all the registered physical and juridical persons certified to have ability to realize studies or projects for mining activities and provide documents to prove their technical abilities and experience in the mining sector. 3. All the subjects are licensed from the National Center of Licensing based on the law nr.10081, date 23.2.2009 “For licensing, authorization and permits in Republic of Albania”. 4. The categories of licenses for studying design activities are included in category IV.4 of the annex of the law nr.10081, date 23.2.2009 “For licensing, authorization and permits in Republic of Albania”. Conditions for licensing, accompanied documents, terms of validity and the procedures of checking of the fulfillment of the granting conditions for the licenses are determined by the subordinate laws issued by the Council of Ministers.

6. Environmental impact assessment

(D) Analysis of the different kind of impacts produced by quarry activities (pre-; during and post- quarrying) on the biological framework described at point 3; existence of codes of practice to achieve environmental and/or technical excellence: geomorphologic exposure and visibility aspects (landscape change), water (surface and groundwater), soil and air quality conditions; noise, dust and emissions; disposal and handling of quarry waste (potential application of quarry wastes); restoration, post-closure planning and immediate aftercare works; presence of quarry closure, rehabilitation and after-use plans.

For any application of a mining permit the applicant shall prepare an EIA during the process for an environment permit. Granting of the environment permit include also progressive and final environmental rehabilitation of the permitted area, restoration measures of the mining waste deposited area, as well as all the other activities realized from the mining permit holder to mitigate the environment damages, pollution and to guarantee a full rehabilitation of the environment and ecosystem in the mining permitted area. The applicant should realize two discussions with local authorities and community. The applicant shall present: 1. An Environmental Rehabilitation Plan which include the technical environmental rehabilitation project realized in accordance with mining and environment legislation in power( which include the EIA), based on a studying- design activity, including all the activities for progressive and final environmental rehabilitation of the permitted area, restoration measures of the mining waste deposited area, mining closure activities as well as all the total value of the financial surety for implementation of this project plan , presented and submitted with the documentation requested for granting mining rights. 2. Closure Mine Activity Plan which include all the technical, economical, social and environmental documentation, and is part of Environmental Rehabilitation Plan, realized in accordance with the legal acts approved by the Minister, which motivates the closure of the exploitation and includes the schedule of necessary actions, ensures the funding and the effective achievement of the closure measures in accordance with mining and environment legislation in power and

best international practices, presented and submitted with the documentation requested for granting mining rights. 3. Managing plan of mining waste which includes all technical, economical, social and environmental documentation realized in accordance with the Albanian mining and environment legislation. It is part of the environment rehabilitation plan and includes the waste deposition design, treatment methods, recycling and managing of mining waste based on their characteristics, and their influence in environment, public health, impact during operation, monitoring and controlling procedures, as well as the closing and rehabilitation of the deposition sites, level of discharge in environment, level of concentration of the hazardous element in the deposition site. This project plan is presented and submitted with the documentation requested for granting mining rights.

Environmental impact on Tirana-Ishem Basin. Activity in the exploitation of aggregates river basins and Ishmi Erzen is intense, even if river mining in some segment is prohibited by the decision Nr. 1 Dt. 09.01.2003. (Excluding some specific segments in Erzen River). Negative environmental impacts related to this kind of mining are shown in the Erzeni river, which flow in the middle part of Albania: The most typical damages are as follow:

1) damages of protective works (exception done Tirana river) are as consequence of their uncontrolled exploitation for a long time. 2) Works of receiving water are outside their function (excluding cases in Butaci- Erzen River and Ndroq). 3) In all bridges are observed damages and waste deposits, changing water flow direction and giving a negative impact on the bridges specially in their legs. Generally the situation on constructed bridges appears stable excepted Butaci Bridge (Erzen), in which a large erosion of the soil is shown in the left shoulder of her. 4) Soil erosion on the banks of rivers is especially sensitive and problematic in Berzhite, Baldushk, Peze Helmes, Romania (Erzen), etc. Qerkeze, Kamez, Tapize (rope), Shperdhet (Droje). The erosion is influenced by exploitation of inert materials and deforestation of their beds as well as damage and malfunction of protective works constructed over river’s beds. The biggest problem remains uncontrolled exploitation (illegal activity in river mining) on all branches of Erzeni river making that their bed to reach the bedrocks, which means that the time for their recovery will be more longer than normal.

7. Best practices approach (D) Possibilities for new technology applications (efficiency of primary aggregates production - water & energy consumption, logistics); suggest better practices that can help achieve a better relationship between protected areas and other land uses; collect information on best practices and failures in the area; determine impediments to best practice (lack of knowledge, regulatory blocks); suggest recommendations for industry and government actions to encourage best practice. In aggregates there are possibilities for installation of new technologies, not just for the technical point because mostly the extraction and treatment process in the limestone quarries is standard almost in all Europe, but for Albania the direction should be in the concentration of the quarries with big capacities in the area where the panorama cannot effect the tourism or historical sites. More should be done in the catching of the fine particles, mine roads, water recycling, Assisted control by measuring equipments monitoring of the deposits of material and the water, waste recycling by making a new policy for the cleaning products, and especially for recycle products by incentive for such

investments, using financial instruments. Recycling of the waste from the limestone quarries, normally is used in the road construction or in filling processes. Last year in Fushe Kruja zone is inaugurated a new modern factory, investment of International Company, TITAN group. This factory uses the advanced technology starting the lifecycle and has a full cycle since the extraction of raw materials to rehabilitate the area's perfundimat a high technology in and respecting all laws related to environment, technical conditions and safety of people. Actually TITAN GROUP has taken the rights with concession for 99 years based in Law 9793 There are no property issues in all zone that it is operating ( no forestry area regarding the Law 9793). Is in possesses of Mining Licence and environmental License (EIA) for • Limestone quarry • Flysch quarry • Limestone quarry for aggregates • quarries for flysch, gypsum & kaolin It’s unique company that has fenced all territory of quarry for a better control. The company has done investments in infrastructure. It’s constructed the road 15m x 1950m that collect first bench with the crusher Secured Reserves are estimated in 74,3Mt

New Cement Factory TITAN GROUP 2010