HISTORIC RESOURCE EVALUATION

FOR THE PROPERTY LOCATED AT 181 SPENCER STREET, SAUSALITO, MARIN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Prepared for:

Marty Zwick, Principal

Zwick Architects

Prepared by:

Stacey De Shazo, M.A.

Principal Architectural Historian [email protected]

and

Ju Brian Matuk, M.S. Senior Architectural Historian Evans & De Shazo, Inc [email protected] 1141 Gravenstein Highway S, Sebastopol, CA 95472

707-812-7400 April 4, 2019 www.evans-deshazo.com

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ...... 3 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 3 REGULATORY SETTING...... 5

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT ...... 5 CITY OF SAUSALITO ...... 6 METHODS ...... 6 HISTORIC SETTING ...... 7

MEXICAN PERIOD ...... 7 AMERICAN PERIOD (1848 – 1970S) ...... 9 NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT OF “THE HILL” ...... 14 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE ...... 18

MID-CENTURY MODERN ARCHITECTURE (CA. 1945 – CA. 1970) ...... 18 RESULTS OF RECORD SEARCH ...... 19 NWIC ...... 19 LOCAL RESEARCH ...... 20 ONLINE RESEARCH ...... 20 PROPERTY-SPECIFIC HISTORY ...... 20 HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY ...... 23

1958 HOUSE ...... 23 EVALUATION FOR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ...... 34

CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES ...... 34 CRHR EVALUATION ...... 35 INTEGRITY ...... 36 CONCLUSIONS ...... 37 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 39 ATTACHMENT A: Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 forms

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 2

INTRODUCTION

Evans & De Shazo, Inc. (EDS) was contracted by Marty Zwick AIA, of Zwick Architects, to complete an Historic Resource Evaluation (HRE) of a 1958 house located at 181 Spencer Avenue in Sausalito, California within Assessor Parcel Number (APN) 065-182-20. The proposed project consists of the rehabilitation of the 1958 house, and although not fully developed at the time of this report, changes would include alterations to the exterior and interior of the house (Project). The 1958 house is not currently listed on any local, state, or national historic register or list, and the property is not within the City of Sausalito “Downtown Historic Overlay Zoning District” (Zoning Ordinance Chapters 10.28 and 10.46), or the “Residential Ark Zoning District”1. In addition, the 1958 house does not appear to have been previously evaluated for historical significance. As such, the City of Sausalito requested an HRE be completed by a Secretary of the Interior- qualified professional Architectural Historian to determine if the 1958 house, which is at least 45 years in age, is eligible for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The following HRE is based on specific guidelines and evaluation criteria of the CRHR (14 CCR §15064.5 and PRC§ 21084.1), as well as the City of Sausalito Historic Preservation Guidelines (Adopted September 2011). The HRE was completed by EDS Principal Architectural Historian Stacey De Shazo, M.A. and Senior Architectural Historian, Brian Matuk, M.S., both who exceed the Secretary of Interior's professional qualification standards in Architectural History and History. PROJECT LOCATION

The 1958 house is situated within a 0.12-acre parcel located at 181 Spencer Avenue in Sausalito, California within APN 065-182-20 (Project Area). The 1958 house is situated along the south side of Spencer Avenue and is set approximately 100 feet west of the intersection of Spencer Avenue and Booker Avenue within the Sausalito neighborhood known as “The Hill” (Figure 1).

1 Houseboat structures docked along the shoreline and converted to permanent local housing in Sausalito. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 3

Figure 1. Project Area location map.

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REGULATORY SETTING

The review of built environment resources that are at least 45 years in age was conducted in compliance with CEQA regulations and guidelines, as well as the City of Sausalito Historic Preservation Guidelines. The following section outlines the regulatory framework for this HRE. California Environmental Quality Act

CEQA and the Guidelines for Implementing CEQA (State CEQA Guidelines, Section 15064.5) give direction and guidance for evaluation of properties and the preparation of Initial Studies, Categorical Exemptions, Negative Declarations and Environmental Impact Reports. Pursuant to California State law, the City of Sausalito is legally responsible and accountable for determining the environmental impact of any land use proposal it approves. Cultural resources are aspects of the environment that require identification and assessment for potential significance under CEQA (14 CCR 15064.5 and PRC 21084.1). There are five classes of cultural resources defined by the California State Office of Historic Preservation (OHP):

• Building: A structure created principally to shelter or assist in carrying out any form of human activity. A “building” may also be used to refer to a historically and functionally related unit, such as a courthouse and jail or a house and barn.

• Structure: A construction made for a functional purpose rather than creating human shelter. Examples include mines, bridges, and tunnels.

• Object: Construction primarily artistic in nature or relatively small in scale and simply constructed. It may be movable by nature or design or made for a specific setting or environment. Objects should be in a setting appropriate to their significant historic use or character. Examples include fountains, monuments, maritime resources, sculptures and boundary markers.

• Site: The location of a significant event. A prehistoric or historic occupation or activity, or a building or structure, whether standing, ruined, or vanished, where the location itself possesses historic, cultural, or archaeological value regardless of the value of any existing building, structure, or object. A site need not be marked by physical remains if it is the location of a prehistoric or historic event and if no buildings, structures, or objects marked it at that time. Examples include trails, designed landscapes, battlefields, habitation sites, Native American ceremonial areas, petroglyphs, and pictographs.

• Historic District: Unified geographic entities which contain a concentration of historic buildings, structures, or sites united historically, culturally, or architecturally. According to California Code of Regulations Section 15064.5, cultural resources are historically significant if they are:

• Listed in, or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) (Public Resources Code 5024.1, Title 14 CCR, Section 4850 et. seq.);

• Listed in, or eligible for listing in, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP);

• Included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in an historical resource survey

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meeting the requirements of Section 5024.1(g) of the Public Resource Code; or

• Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript which a lead agency determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California, provided the lead agency’s determination is supported by substantial evidence in-light of the whole record. A resource may be listed as an historical resource in the CRHR if it has integrity and meets any of the following criteria: 1. Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States. 2. Associated with the lives of persons important to local, California or national history; 3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction or represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values; or 4. Has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California or the nation. Buildings, sites, structures, objects, and districts representative of California and United States history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture convey significance when they also possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. A resource has integrity if it retains the characteristics that were present during the resource’s period of significance. Enough of these characteristics must remain to convey the reasons for its significance. City of Sausalito Historical Resource Determination Information Packet CEQA law requires the City of Sausalito (Lead Agency) to analyze a project’s impacts to any known or potential historical resource. Before the impact of a project can be analyzed, the City must first determine whether the subject property qualifies as a historical resource. Once the analysis is completed, and to assist the City of Sausalito Community Development Department (CDD) and the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) in analyzing whether a property qualifies as a historical resource under CEQA, a Historical Resource Determination Information Packet (Packet) is required to be submitted to the City. The Packet, is “advised, but not required”, to be “prepared by an individual that meets the Professional Qualification Standards as used by the National Park Service (NPS), Secretary of the Interior, and as published in the Code of Federal Regulations.”2 METHODS

The HRE was prepared in compliance with CEQA regulations and guidelines, as well as local City of Sausalito

2 City of Sausalito, “Planning Forms and Guidelines.” https://www.sausalito.gov/departments/community- development/planning-division/planning-forms-guidelines. Accessed 1 April 2019. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 6

Historic Preservation Guidelines. EDS conducted a records search at the Northwest Information Center (NWIC) of the California Historical Information Systems (CHRIS) that included the Project Area and the immediate surrounding area. Local research was conducted at the CDD at Sausalito City Hall, and at the Assessor-Recorder-County Clerk Office at County of Marin Civic Center to review of historic maps, photos, and documents. In addition, EDS conducted on-line research that included primary and secondary information such as local histories and maps, including Sanborn Fire Insurance maps. EDS also completed an intensive level survey to document-built environment resources within the Project Area that are at least 45 years in age to formulate assessments needed to determine the eligibility of the 1958 house within the current setting. Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 forms were completed for the 1958 house (Appendix A). HISTORIC SETTING

The following historic setting is intended to provide an overview of the development of the City of Sausalito and also provide context associated with the development of “The Hill” neighborhood, which is the area within the city that is associated with the 1958 house. Mexican Period

In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain with the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba and took possession of Alta California,3 marking the end of the Spanish period and the beginning of the Mexican period in Alta California. Many changes occurred throughout California under Mexican rule due to the lack of strong oversight and military rule imposed by the Spanish. New opportunities for trade arose, as foreign ships that had previously been held off by Spanish guarded military ports were allowed to dock and provide a variety of provisions to local settlers. As a result, tea and coffee, as well as manufactured goods made their way to the region. The Mexican colonial authorities also permitted and encouraged foreigners to relocate and settle in Alta California. In 1833, the Mexican government secularized the missions of Alta California, stripping them of their wealth and redistributing vast landholdings, known as ranchos, to favored Mexican citizens, who were often soldiers loyal to Mexico during the Mexican War of Independence. Early History of Rancho Saucelito During the nineteenth century, one of the first non-native settlers of the area now known as Sausalito was William Richardson (b. 1795; d. 1856) (Figure 2). Richardson was an English citizen who in 1822 was serving as second mate aboard the British whaling ship Orion. This same year, while the Orion was anchored in the San Francisco Bay, Richardson went ashore for supplies. While ashore Ignacio Martínez, Commander of the Presidio, invited him to a fiesta that he was holding that very evening at the San Francisco Presidio where he met Mara Antonia Martínez. After returning late to the ship, Richardson was either dismissed, sent ashore, or jumped ship.4 Richardson spent his first years in San Francisco, which was then known as Yerba Buena. By 1825, Richardson had assumed Mexican citizenship, converted to Roman Catholicism, and married Mara

3 Alta California was a polity of New Spain founded in 1769 and became a territory of Mexico after the end of the Mexican War of Independence on 1821. 4 K. Maldetto, “William Richardson and Yerba Buena Origins” [Historical Essay], Sausalito Historical Society http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com, Accessed 2 April, 2019. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 7

Antonia Martínez (b. 1803; d. 1887), the eldest daughter of Don Ygnacio Martinez, the Commandant of the San Francisco Presidio, and Richardson became a naturalized Mexican citizen. In 1835, Richardson was appointed Captain of the Port of San Francisco,5 and that same year, he submitted a petition for a rancho on the headlands across the bay from the Presidio in present day Sausalito; however, the land claim proved difficult to acquire as others had submitted claims to the land, including one made by José Antonio Galindo. Galindo was the first to acquire the rancho land, but in 1838, he was arrested for the murder of José Doroteo Peralta, son of Pedro Peralta, and was stripped of ownership of his rancho lands. In 1838, the 19,752-acre rancho was regranted by Governor Juan Alvarado to Richardson, who named it Rancho Saucelito.6 Richardson built a hacienda in the vicinity of Sausalito’s present-day Caledonia Street and soon his cattle and hide business was thriving. One of the coves within Rancho Saucelito, known originally as “Whaler’s Cove” (Figure 3), now present-day Shelter Cove, was an area that provided shelter to large whaling ships. In addition, Richardson had struck deals with ship captains who no longer loaded at Yerba Buena (San Francisco), but instead loaded beef, and fruits and vegetables in nearby Richardson's Bay, where they provided a ready market for Richardson’s thriving businesses. Richardson continued to prosper from his successful business ventures, which also included constructing Rancho Saucelito’s first water system, where he had piped water from springs above the town to a great cistern for later distribution. An article in the Sausalito News, dated 8 February 1935 described the operation. “It is the generally accepted theory that these springs were and are fed from the Sierras. In 1850, Capt. W. A. Richardson. one of the original settlers in Sausalito and the grantee of the Spanish Grant Rancho Sausalito, piped the water from these springs to a great cistern thirty feet square and fifteen feet in depth. 7 The water was then carried in a large pipe to tanks and casks on the boat, ‘The Water Nixie,’ which conveyed it to San Francisco. It was then distributed to purveyors with horse or mule drawn two-wheeled carts carrying casks, and peddled by the bucket to consumers, bringing 25 cents a gallon or 50 cents a bucket [that’s $14 a gallon adjusted for inflation, according to Jonathan Westerling of Radio Sausalito]. The usual amount sold to a customer per day was two buckets. As San Francisco depended on wells for its water supply, and the water was brackish, Sausalito and Tiburon supplied the growing city with water, for drinking and cooking purposes, until the Spring Valley Water system was installed. Later these springs in Sausalito were developed and tunnels run into the hills and Sausalito was supplied with water from this source.”8

5 J. P. Munro-Fraser, History of Marin County, California: Including Its Geography, Geology, Topography, and Climatology (San Francisco: Alley, Bowen, & Co, Publishers, 1880). 6 The Spanish word Saucelito is believed to refer to a small cluster of little willows, a moist-soil tree, indicating the presence of a freshwater spring and/or creek.; Sausalito Historical Society, “Sausalito History,” http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/sausalito-history. Accessed 1 April 2019. 7 Jack Tracy, Sausalito Moments in Time: A Pictorial History of Sausalito 1850-1950 (Sausalito: Windgate Press, 1983). 8 “Sausalito’s Early Water Supply for San Francisco Made History Record,” Sausalito News, 8 February 1935. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 8

American Period (1848 – 1970s)

The American Period in California is marked by the end of the Mexican-American War when the United States (U.S.) took possession of the territories of California and New Mexico in the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848). The Treaty provided the resident Mexicans their American citizenship and guaranteed title to land granted to them during the Mexican period. On January 24, 1848, shortly before the signing of the Treaty, James W. Marshall discovered gold along the American River in California. News of the discovery brought thousands of immigrants (known as “49ers”) to California from all over the U.S., as well as other countries. In 1850, when California became a state, Marin County became one of the original 27 counties created. Marin County also identified four original townships that included Sausalito, San Rafael, Novato, and Bolinas. After the 1849 Gold Rush, which brought thousands of new residents to California, Richardson struggled to maintain ownership and Rancho Saucelito and Richardson began selling off portions of the rancho. He sold 650 acres to Charles T. Botts who established a small community called “Old Saucelito” around Shelter Cove, which later became known as “Old Town.” By the time of Richardson’s death in 1856, the bulk of what remained of the rancho, which included areas of present-day Sausalito, was in the hands of Richardson’s lawyer Samuel R. Throckmorton, who had been incrementally purchasing the rancho from Richardson in the 1850s. On April 2, 1868, Throckmorton and fellow land owners John Turney and James Boyd sold a total of 1,164 acres of land within the former Rancho Saucelito, which included the land north of Richardson’s Bay and the area where the Project Area is located, to nineteen businessmen including a gentleman named A. M. Spencer (of Grass Valley) who Spencer Avenue is named after, for $440,000.9 The businessmen where land speculators who had grand ideas for the development of the new town. In 1869 the men formed the Saucelito Land and Ferry Company and began to plat out the town (Figure 4) and by 1891 the company was providing water to much of the community.

9 Sausalito News, “Sausalito Past and Present”, Volume 1, Number 1, 12 February 1885. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 9

Figure 2. ca. 1854 photo of Richardson (courtesy of the Sausalito Historical Society).

Figure 3. ca. 1852 photo, showing the buildings and piers in Whaler’s Cove, now known as Shelter Cove (courtesy of the Sausalito Historical Society).

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Figure 4. A portion of the “Map of Lands of the Saucelito Land and Ferry Company, As Laid Out Under the Direction of Chas. S. Bulkley C.E.” in 1868, showing a star where the Project Area is located (courtesy of the Sausalito Historical Society).

Soon the Saucelito Land and Ferry Company established a ferry line between San Francisco and Sausalito, in part as a promotion for real estate development as well as for local travelers. The ferry boat was a small steamer known as “The Princess” and was the first Sausalito ferry to serve San Francisco. In 1873, the North Pacific Coast Railroad came to Sausalito in support of the lumber empire to the north. During this time, railroads were key to the growth and success of small towns all over California, and Sausalito was no exception. In 1871, the North Pacific Coast Railroad was incorporated, and with the aid of a public bond issue in Marin County, had a grand plan to run a line through Marin connecting the emerging towns, and continuing up the coast to the vast redwood stands along the Russian River in Sonoma and the Gualala River in Mendocino County. As such, the Saucelito Land and Ferry Company board of directors invested in the railroad by donating thirty acres along Sausalito's waterfront to entice the railroad to make Sausalito the southern terminus of the new line. However, the county bond was issued that called for the southern terminus to be located at Point San Quentin rather than at Sausalito, and a legal battle with the Saucelito Land and Ferry Company ensued.10 Surprisingly, the Saucelito Land and Ferry Company won their legal fight, and in 1873 construction began with one group of workers beginning at Tomales and moving south, another group starting at Fairfax, and a third at Strawberry Point where a trestle bridge was constructed across Richardson’s Bay to Sausalito. The trestle connected with Alameda Point (later Pine Station), approximately where Nevada

10 Jack Tracy, “Sausalito’s First Railroad,” December 30, 2011. http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/sausalito-history. Accessed 1 April 2019. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 11

Street meets Bridgeway today. In 1893, the town of Sausalito was incorporated, and its spelling was change from Saucelito to Sausalito. In 1905, the Saucelito Land and Ferry Company was purchased by the Sausalito Spring Water Company and in 1909 the city of Sausalito built its own water works. In 1909 and in 1912, Sausalito voted to join the new Marin Municipal Water District, which was incorporated on April 25, 1912, according to the Marin Municipal Water District. During this time the automobile became the favored mode of transportation, and by the 1920s many passengers wanted automobile ferry service. In 1922 the Golden Gate Ferry Service company opened its first automobile ferry service from San Francisco to Sausalito, using the original ferry landing of the Princess ferry boat. During this time, Sausalito was in a building boom and San Franciscans purchased land and summer homes that included large Victorian mansions and bungalows, which were being constructed along the once sparse hills (Figure 5). However, during this time Sausalito continued to maintain a diverse working class and mercantile culture along Water Street that included Portuguese boatbuilders, Chinese shopkeepers, dairy ranchers, fishermen, Italian and German merchants, boarding house operators, and railroad workers (Figure 6). During Prohibition11 (1920 – 1933), Sausalito was the ideal base for bootleg operations, and a channel through which rumrunners moved their goods. Basement speakeasies and backyard stills were not uncommon, and trucks draped with traps regularly rumbled through the town to meet the midnight ferry to San Francisco. By the end of the 1930s, Sausalito was declining as a major transportation hub, and on February 28, 1941, the last ferry service ran from Sausalito to San Francisco. World War II brought many changes and an influx of people to Sausalito when the US shipbuilder W.A. Bechtel Co. decided to build a shipyard within the former Northwestern Pacific Railroad repair yard located at Richardson's Bay along the north end of Sausalito. Although at first no official name was original given to the shipyard, it was often referred to locally as the Marin Shipbuilding company, and Bechtel shortened the name to “Marinship”. Marinship was founded in 1942 to build the ships required for the war effort. The shipyard operated 24/7, and while it was open, built 93 cargo ships and oil tankers before ending operations 1945 at the end of the war. At this time, the shipyard was turned over to the United States Army Corps of Engineers, which took over the facility for their use in 1946. During the 1950s, many aspiring artists, writers, and musicians moved to Sausalito, many of which were looking for affordable housing. They took advantage of the discarded floating barges and ferries along the waterfront and repurposed them using old shipyard lumber and scraps to construct unique floating homes along Richardson’s Bay. During this time Mid-century Modern homes were being constructed along the hills, and by the 1960s and 1970s, the residents living on the hills began to complain to the city about the cobbled- together boats and floating homes (Figure 7), which became known as the houseboat wars. By the 1970s, passenger ferries retuned to Sausalito and passenger service began to San Francisco, bringing tourists to the area. Today, Sausalito currently has eight neighborhoods: Old Town/Hurricane Gulch, Wolfback Ridge, The Hill (location of the Project Area), New Town, Monte Mar Vista/Toyon Terrace, Spring Street Valley, The Marinship, and Nevada Street Valley.

11 Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 12

Figure 5. ca. 1903 of Whaler’s Cove, the mansions on the hills, and the location to the north/northwest where the Project Area (see arrow) is located (courtesy of the Anne T. Kent, California Room, Marin County Library.

Figure 6. The “Tailor” sign at left is over what is now an art gallery at the corner of Bridgeway (then called Water St.) and Princess (Sausalito Historical Society).

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Figure 7. Photo dated June 8, 1971, at Sausalito’s Gate 5 Basin, Richardson Bay, showing run-down houseboats, anchor-outs, and expensive renovated houseboats (Photo by Joe Rosenthal, The Chronicle). NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT OF “THE HILL”

Sausalito has eight neighborhoods including The Hill where the 1958 house is located, which was also known historically as “Sausalito Hill”. In the late nineteenth century, Sausalito became known informally as the “Monte Carlo of the West”, and the Hill neighborhood in particular became an area where wealthy San Franciscans built weekend cottages. This Hill was located between Old Town and New Town, and contained residential lots by the Sausalito Land & Ferry Company beginning in 1869.12 This area became nicknamed the “Banana Belt” and included several of Sausalito’s most architectural significant estates that had irregular-shaped lots hugging the steep hillsides.13 Many of the streets were named for the Sausalito Land & Ferry Company’s directors, or for natural features, and was the city’s most prestigious residential district since its earliest beginnings in the latter half of the nineteenth century.14 While many wealthy San Franciscans made their second homes in The Hill neighborhood, the area did not receive the level of interest that the Sausalito Land & Ferry Company hoped to attract—mostly due to the lack of reliable transport to Sausalito from San Francisco. 15 Streets, including Spencer Avenue, were

12 VerPlank Historic Preservation Consulting and Left Coast Architectural History, Citywide Neighborhood Historical Study, City of Sausalito Public Review Draft, Prepared for the City of Sausalito and the Office of Historic Preservation, September 2013, 24. 13 Ibid, 24-25.; Ibid, 43. 14 Ibid, 43-44. 15 Ibid, 46. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 14

eventually developed further up the Hill, and Spencer Avenue was named in 1889.16 By 1905, The Hill was showing signs of residential growth, as described in a Sausalito News article: “Lots fronting on and above Sausalito Boulevard and Spencer Avenue are in demand. Several changes have taken place in real estate in that part of town lately and a number of cottages are being erected there.”17 In 1911, the local Sausalito Promotion and Improvement Club proposed a plan for the City to construct a tramway up a portion of The Hill neighborhood, to the extent of Spencer Avenue, in an attempt to hasten development of the Sausalito area near the base of the hill.18 A sewer system was constructed near the base of The Hill neighborhood to serve the growing residential population in 1914.19 By the 1920s, the Hill began its second development boom, with many large Period Revival houses being constructed on the remaining undeveloped lots—taking advantage of the views, just as the first wave of development had.20 In 1945, a largescale development of 27 homes was planned for either side of Spencer Avenue, just east of the Waldo Highway.21 The description of the location of this development suggests that it was planned for the area of The Hill just west of the subject property. Construction of these homes were to be started in 1946, and would be designed by Mario Corbett, with landscape by Eckbo and Williams—most notably associated with landscape architect Garrett Eckbo and later partner Robert Royston. A Sausalito News article from November 15, 1945 touted the development’s design: “National recognition of Architect Corbett’s plan to make this property more livable through engineering and contour designing of the hillside slopes was given in the November issue of the Architectural Forum of New York, which gave the plans an enthusiastic reception.”22 The architecture of the homes was also described: “Architecture of the homes is of strictly functional and modernistic, and molded against the hill for protection from the elements.”23 However, there is no evidence that this plan ever went forward with construction. In 1946, Spencer Avenue was paved between Booker Avenue and Highway 101 (Waldo Highway), which is the stretch of Spencer Avenue that the subject property is located.24 This street paving was to both give residents of the area better access to the highway, and provide a more efficient route for fire trucks to access the hilltop.25 A 1952 Sausalito News article describes the placement of speed limit signs in the residential areas of Prospect Avenue, Spencer Avenue, Monte Mar Drive, and Curry Lane, discussing that these “25 mph” signs were placed in “residential areas” that were defined by houses “located within a given distance (16 or more to a quarter-mile)”, and that areas beyond this ratio did not constitute a “residential area” and were

16 “Brieflets,” Sausalito News, 20 December 1889. 17 “Carpenters are Busy in Sausalito,” Sausalito News, 8 April 1905. 18 “Improvement Club Meets, Endorse High Schools,” Sausalito News, 15 April 1911. 19 “Resolution of Intention No. 104,” Sausalito News, 28 February 1914. 20 VerPlank Historic Preservation Consulting and Left Coast Architectural History, Citywide Neighborhood Historical Study, 92. 21 “Spencer Avenue Homesites Planned,” Sausalito News, 15 November 1945.; While this article states that the homes would be built in an area “west of the Waldo Highway”, other descriptors for the planned development suggest that the project was to be constructed east of the Waldo Highway. 22 “Spencer Avenue Homesites Planned,” Sausalito News, 15 November 1945. 23 Ibid. 24 “City Will Pave Spencer Ave,” Sausalito News, 3 October 1946. 25 Ibid. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 15

not given such signage.26 Given the relatively large amount of car accidents along Spencer Avenue at the curve near the subject property, the City made requests in 1955 to straighten the blind curve on Spencer Avenue between Booker Street and Highway 101, as Spencer Avenue was being “used increasingly since the construction of the Monte Mar interchange.”27 Aerial photographs from the 1940s through the 1980s shows the expansion of The Hill neighborhood further west, toward the Waldo Highway (Figure 8-Figure 11). Mid-twentieth century architecture throughout The Hill took on more Mid-century Modern appearance, with the regional-specific Third Bay Region Tradition being a popular localized style from 1945 to the 1980s, which combined traditional local materials with other elements of the mid-century modern forms.28

Figure 8: 1946 aerial photograph of The Hill, with the location of the 1958 house shown with a red arrow. (Historicaerials.com)

26 “25 Miles,” Sausalito News, 25 September 1952. 27 “Other Requests,” Sausalito News, 26 August 1955. 28 VerPlank Historic Preservation Consulting and Left Coast Architectural History, Citywide Neighborhood Historical Study, 127. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 16

Figure 9: 1956 aerial photograph of The Hill, with the location of the 1958 house shown with a red arrow. (Historicaerials.com)

Figure 10: 1968 aerial photograph of The Hill, with the location of the 1958 house shown with a red arrow. (Historicaerials.com)

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Figure 11: 1987 aerial photograph of The Hill, with the location of the 1958 house shown with a red arrow. (Historicaerials.com) ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

The following section is intended to provide a brief understanding of Mid-century Modern Architecture, which is associated with the 1958 house located within the Project Area. Mid-Century Modern Architecture (ca. 1945 – ca. 1970)

The “Modern Era” is broadly defined in the U.S. as the period from 1930 through the 1970s; however, many of the architectural designs that personify this category were spurred by the end of World War II, which brought sweeping changes to the American architectural landscape. During this time, new building materials became readily available, businesses, social and civic buildings, and particularly tract-house suburbs were built in increasing numbers, and the architecture exhibited a much more modern appearance. “Mid-century Modern” architecture developed around the middle decades of the twentieth century, post- World War II, and was the more “organic” response to the International Style characteristics of Modernism that developed earlier in the century. Mid-century Modern architecture is generally characterized by a low profile, horizontal composition, the use of modern materials—particularly large expanses of plate glass—as well as other stylistic elements such as angular shapes, open floor plans, and stacked masonry veneer such as brick, Roman brick, or stone. The idea behind Mid-century Modern design was to create a new, fresh architecture, which, by its seemingly outlandish details, did not invoke the past. The 1958 house is constructed with Mid-century Modern design characteristics, as shown in the original floor plan and elevation drawing (Figure 12).

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Figure 12. Showing the 1958 floor plan and elevations of the 181 Spencer Avenue house, showing “Views Unlimited” (courtesy of Marty Zwick). RESULTS OF RECORD SEARCH

The following section details the results of a review of documents associated with the 1958 house and surrounding area available at the NWIC, local repositories, and those available through online sources. NWIC

EDS Principal Archaeologist Sally Evans, M.A. conducted a record search at the NWIC on March 15, 2019 (NWIC File #18-1754). According to information on file at the NWIC, there have been three cultural resources studies, one built environment resource recorded on a California Department of Parks and Recreation DPR523 Form, and two built environment resources recorded on California Historic Resource Inventory Forms, located within ¼ mile of the Project Area that include:

• P-21-002901: 1964 Sausalito Fire Station #2 located at 300 Spencer Avenue and designed in the Second Bay Tradition style.

• Red Gables at 54 Spencer Avenue (HRI 4965-0059-0000).

• Birds Nest Cottage at 26 Spencer Court (HRI 4965-0060-0000).

There are no records at the NWIC that indicate the Project Area has been previously documented or

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evaluated. Local Research

To assist in the assessment, the project architect, Marty Zwick, provided EDS with historical tax assessment and city planning documents related to the property that included original architectural and engineering drawings associated with the construction of the 1958 house. These documents provided details regarding the construction, as well as recorded changes over time to the property. In addition, the documents included ownership history of the Property from the years 1955 until 1970. Additional local research was also conducted by EDS to provide context for which to assess the property. The research revealed that the 1958 house is not listed on the City of Sausalito Historic Resources Inventory and is not located within a historic district. This research also revealed that the 1958 house is located within a neighborhood known as “The Hill”, which is detailed in this report. Online Research

Online research was also conducted that utilized the following sources:

• www.newspapers.com

• www.ancestry.com

• www.calisphere.com (University of California)

• www.library.gov (California State Library)

• www.ncptt.nps.gov (National Center for Preservation Technology and Training)

• www.sanborn.umi.com (Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps) On-line research conducted by EDS provided additional context for which to assess the property including the history and development of the City of Sausalito and the neighborhood associated with property. PROPERTY-SPECIFIC HISTORY

The following section documents the parcel history and ownership history related to the 1958 house located at 181 Spencer Street. Parcel History Prior to the construction of the 1958 house, the parcel at 181 Spencer Street was owned by Evelyn E. Richards and Frances A. Davidson as early as 1955.29 It is unclear if Richards and Davidson made any improvements to the property, but construction of the 1958 house was carried out by the subsequent owners on what appears to be previously undeveloped, wooded land, according to aerial photographs from 1946, 1952, and 1956, which are included in this report. 30

29 City of Sausalito. Residential Property Appraisal Record for 181 Spencer Street. On-file at the City of Sausalito. 30 Aerial photographs accessed online on March 22, 2019 at historicaerials.com, and include the following years: 1946, 1952, 1956, 1958, 1968, 1987, 1993, 2002, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 20

Property History (1958-1975) By 1958, the owners of the property were Bradford H. McNutt and Ann M. (Meldrum) McNutt, who commissioned construction of the 1958 house with Views, Unlimited31, which was a development company that appears to have been owned by Bradford and partner Walter L. Benson. According to newspaper articles, Views Unlimited appears to have developed properties throughout the area in the late 1950s and 1960s.32 Prior to living at the house on Spencer Street, the McNutts were living at El Monte Lane S in San Rafael, and Bradford is shown as a furniture manufacturer.33 The McNutts appear to have only owned the 1958 house at 181 Spencer Avenue for one year, as it changed ownership by 1959, and the McNutts were shown as living at 88 Circle Avenue in Mill Valley by June of that year.34 Bradford was born in New York City in either 1928 or 1929, and appears to have grown up in Roslyn, NY in the 1930s, then in 1934 he moved with his family to Beverly Hills, California.35 Ann was born in San Francisco, California on May 6, 1929, but appears to have grown-up in Philadelphia. 36 Bradford married Ann on December 13, 1950 in New York City. The McNutts had two sons and one daughter.37 During the time the McNutts lived in Sausalito, Ann was involved with the Sausalito Summer Theatre and Sausalito Little Theatre in 1957 and 1958, serving as an actress and costume designer for various productions.38 After working as a furniture manufacturer for several years, Bradford became a real estate developer, working for several companies throughout the 1960s. By 1964, Bradford served as one of the directors of Financial Center Mortgage Co., that was formed in Marin County to “negotiate real estate loans.”39 It appears that Bradford was associated with several large-scale developments and other real estate ventures throughout Marin County, but filed for bankruptcy in 1965 after becoming a victim of fraudulent bank practices.40 The legal battle that ensued involved Don Silverthorne, president of the San Francisco National Bank, which was later brought to trial by the U.S. Attorney General. This lawsuit gained significant local and national media attention, as it led to the financial ruin of several individuals across the country.41 Bradford divorced Ann at

31 The name Views Unlimited is shown on the drawing set, Figure 12 within this report. 32 Residential Property Appraisal Record for 181 Spencer Street. On-file at the City of Sausalito.; “5 Sausalitans Protest Plan For ‘Apron’,” Daily Independent Journal, 30 June 1958. The McNutts are listed as the owners on original plans and engineering drawings of the 1958 house on-file with the City of Sausalito. 33 A to Z Directory Publishers, Marin County Directory, 1954-1955 (San Anselmo, CA: O. M. Skaggs, 1954). 34 Residential Property Appraisal Record for 181 Spencer Street. On-file at the City of Sausalito.; “Hospital Phonograph,” Daily Independent Journal, 25 June 1959. 35 California, Passenger and Crew Lists, 1907-1948. List of United States Citizens sailing on the S.S. President Polk from New York City on June 28, 1934 arriving in the Port of Los Angeles on July 15, 1934. 36 California, Passenger and Crew Lists, 1897-1957. List of United States Citizens sailing on the S.S. Washington from Southampton, England on October 1, 1939 and arriving in the Port of New York on October 12, 1939. 37 “Ann McNutt,” Daily Independent Journal, 25 February 1976.; “Rope Swing Plunge Fatal to Youngster,” Daily Independent Journal, 26 March 1969. 38 “‘Under the Gaslight’ At Sausalito Summer Theatre,” Daily Independent Journal, 25 May 1957.; “Sausalito Little Theater Raises Curtain on Summer Melodrama,” Daily Independent Journal, 31 May 1958. 39 “Mortgage Firm Forms in Marin,” Daily Independent Journal, 20 August 1964. 40 “Banker Charges Plot To Ruin Him, Firm,” Daily Independent Journal, 18 March 1965. 41 “Sobbing banker tells how $1.5 million disappeared,” The Baltimore Afro-American, 6 April 1965.; Interestingly, the attorney for a Texas banker, Bernard S. Garrett, in this case was represented by Melvin Belli, who was a partner with Richard F. Gerry, the following owner of the 1958 house at 181 Spencer Avenue. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 21

some point in the late 1950s or early 1960s, and Ann died in 1976 in Mill Valley.42 Bradford had at least two subsequent marriages, but none of these later relationships had direct associations with the 1958 house. Bradford died in 1998 in Tucson, Arizona.43 The next owners of the property are Richard F. Gerry and Evelyn M. Gerry, who purchased the property in 1959.44 Richard was born in ca. 1924 in Winona, Minnesota, served in the United States Navy, received his juris doctorate degree at Columbia University, and became a high-profile attorney in San Francisco that specialized in injury law.45 Very little information was found on Evelyn M. Gerry, with the only reference being her involvement with the Lawyers’ Wives of Marin charitable club.46 Richard had previously lived in San Francisco and appears to have had a private practice before working as a partner at the law firm Belli Ashe & Gerry, which was headed by prominent attorney and overall significant figure Melvin Belli. One of Richard’s cases involved a 1959 libel lawsuit, where he represented plaintiff Charlotte O’Connor. 47 Charlotte and Richard married just few years after the case, on July 14, 1962,48 but the dissolution date of Richard’s marriage with Evelyn could not be determined. It appears that Richard and Charlotte lived together in the 1958 house after their 1962 marriage and until the property was sold in 1964.49 Richard’s accomplishments in the legal world were described in his obituary: “[Richard] played a major role in the evolution of the rules pertaining to product liability and handling the early Cutter Laboratories live vaccine cases which caused Polio. He also established a reputation of handling numerous airplane crash cases, including representing the families of the Cal Poly football team who were killed in a plane crash. He would later play a major role in the litigation arising from the PSA crash in San Diego in 1978.”50 Although Richard retired in 1967, he was still very much involved in the legal world. In 1982, he was elected president of the Association of Trial Lawyers of America, the largest trial lawyer association in the world, among several other elite lawyer associations over his lifetime. In 1989, Richard became a member of the Executive Committee consisting of one of four trial lawyers on the case involving the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill.51 At the end of the trial, the $5 billion punitive damage verdict was the largest award in the history of the United States at the time.52 Richard died in 2004, and was honored with a full casket burial at sea, due to his military background.53

42 “Ann McNutt,” Daily Independent Journal, 25 February 1976. 43 Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 [database on-line] (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2014). 44 Residential Property Appraisal Record for 181 Spencer Street. On-file at the City of Sausalito. 45 “Richard F. Gerry,” [obituary], Billings Gazette, 21 July 2004. 46 “Lawyers’ Wives Will Stage A Costume Ball,” Daily Independent Journal, 3 May 1963. 47 “She Didn’t Sail; She’s Going to Sue,” Daily Independent Journal, 30 January 1959. 48 Ancestry.com. California Marriage Index, 1960-1985 [database on-line] (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007). 49 Residential Property Appraisal Record for 181 Spencer Street. On-file at the City of Sausalito. 50 “Richard F. Gerry,” [obituary], Billings Gazette, 21 July 2004. 51 “Richard F. Gerry,” [obituary], Billings Gazette, 21 July 2004. 52 Ibid. 53 Ibid. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 22

In 1964, the property at 181 Spencer Avenue was acquired by Patrick Warren Smith, who appears to have been born in Ventura County in 1930, and married Rosemary Henson on July 10, 1960.54 In 1963, Patrick was living at 40 Edwards Avenue in Sausalito, and had graduated from law school, as announced in a Daily Independent Journal article from that year.55 In 1966, Patrick appears to have passed the Bar exam, but very little additional information could be found on his life, or whether he practiced law in the Bay Area after this event. By 1970, it appears that Marion K. Hewitt was living in the 1958 house—likely renting it from Smith.56 Very little information was found on the life of Marion, but it appears she married Lloyd L. Dulbecco on June 20, 1970 in Marin County. Similarly, very little information was found on the life of Lloyd, except that Lloyd and Marion divorced in 1975. It appears that Smith sold the house in December 1970 to Frank B. Leonard and William J. Leonard, Jr.57 Very little information was found on the lives of Frank or William, and it is unclear if they actually lived in the house themselves. Frank appears to have continued to own the property through at least 2001. HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY

On March 13, 2019, EDS Principal Architectural Historian, Stacey De Shazo, M.A. completed a survey of the 1958 house at 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California. The survey and assessment were completed in accordance with CEQA regulations and guidelines to document the 1958 house and assess the current condition. The following section documents the results of the architectural survey. 1958 House The 1958 house is designed with Mid-century Modern architecture along a steep, north-facing hillside within “The Hills” neighborhood. The house is a two-story, rectangular plan building with a first story/ground-level basement and second story living space with a partial-width balcony over the north facing façade towards Spencer Avenue. The house is constructed on a reinforced concrete foundation, and is clad in v-notch redwood siding, as well as some areas that appear to have either Hardie-plank siding or v-notch siding. The roof is flat and clad in a rubber membrane, which may have been placed over the original tar and gravel roof. There is also a small backyard space along this elevation that is partially covered in pea gravel, pavers, and what appears to be asphalt. There is also a retaining and the north facing hillside covered in dense landscaped vegetation. North Elevation (Primary Façade) The north elevation consists of a first story/ground-level basement, and a second story where the living space is located. There is a retaining wall and planted vegetation along Spencer Avenue that provide privacy along the hillside (Figure 13 and Figure 14). The main entrance of the house is reached via a narrow, sloping three-

54 Residential Property Appraisal Record for 181 Spencer Street. On-file at the City of Sausalito.; Ancestry.com, California Birth Index, 1905-1995 [database on-line] (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005).; Ancestry.com, California, Marriage Index, 1960-1985 [database on-line] (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007). 55 “Graduates 2 Marinites,” Daily Independent Journal, 10 June 1963. 56 Residential Property Appraisal Record for 181 Spencer Street. On-file at the City of Sausalito. 57 Ibid. HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 23

car-space driveway (Figure 15). At the base of the driveway, along the northwest corner section, there is an 8-foot replacement retaining wall that was completed in 2017 (Permit #B2016 181) (Figure 16). The ground- level structural elements of the house consist of exposed concrete and steel reinforced footings, square posts, a horizontally placed steel I-beam positioned underneath a partially canted second story, and concrete sheer walls over wood-frame construction (Figure 17). An original carport is located under the overhanging second- story section of this elevation. There are ascending wood steps along the north elevation that lead to main entrance door to the house (Figure 18). The main entrance is located in a short recess of the lower level, though above the basement, and faces west. The main entry consists of a wood-slab door with transom, situated in a wood frame (Figure 19). The remaining exterior of the north elevation consists of horizontal wood siding, with areas of exposed board formed concrete that functions as exterior sheer walls near the base of the north elevation toward the building’s northeast corner (Figure 20). There are also concrete stairs along the northeast corner of the building that allow access to the backyard gate (Figure 21). The second- story north elevation consists of rectangular massing that extends over the lower level and is clad in horizontal v-notch redwood siding. The balcony at the eastern end of this elevation is supported by square posts set in concrete piers. Windows along this elevation include three tripartite metal frame windows that have casement sashes on either side of a central fixed window. Fenestration adjacent to the balcony appears to consist of full-glazed sliding doors, as well as two fixed windows. The partial width canted balcony consists of wood railing with metal wire mesh set between each post and wood decking. The current balcony appears to have replaced the original balcony that may have consisted of angular form according to the drawing set (see Figure 12).

Figure 13. Photo showing the vegetation along Spencer Avenue, facing south.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 24

Figure 14. Photo of the primary façade, showing the concrete sheer wall and second-story.

Figure 15. Photo showing the narrow driveway and massing of the 1958 house, facing south/southeast.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 25

Figure 16. Photo showing the new retaning wall that was completed in 2017, facing south.

Figure 17. North elevation, facing southeast.

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Figure 18. Photo showing the main entrance stairs along the ground level, facing south/southwest.

Figure 19. Photo showing the front entry door, facing east.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 27

Figure 20. Photo showing the exterior north elevation walls at the ground level, facing east.

Figure 21. Photo of the north elevation ground level, facing south.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 28

East Elevation The east elevation is clad in a combination of siding including horizontal redwood v-notch siding and Hardie-board siding (Figure 22). Fenestration along this elevation at the second story consist of a square- shaped, plate-glass, fixed window near the northeast corner, and a pair of large vertical plate-glass fixed windows nearest to the southeast corner (Figure 23). Along the lower level of the house is a side entry metal-clad door that appears to lead to the ground-floor basement (Figure 24). There is a set of wood stairs with a single wood and metal handrail situated approximately three feet east of the east elevation and leads to the backyard (Figure 25).

Figure 22. East elevation, facing west.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 29

Figure 23. East elevation, facing south/southwest.

Figure 24. East elevation, facing south.

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Figure 25. Photo showing the stairs to the backyard, along the east elevation.

South Elevation The south elevation is clad in horizontal redwood v-notch siding. There is a square-shaped bump-out along this elevation that consist of sliding glass doors, two rectangular fixed transom windows, and a square shaped, plate-glass fixed window (Figure 26 and Figure 27). There are also a pair of louver-paneled wood doors along this elevation that may conceal exterior storage. Adjacent and west of these louver-paneled doors is a rectangular transom window that is situated above sliding glass doors. Near the southwest corner of the house is an angled, “cupola-style” roof element, which is clad in wood shingles.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 31

Figure 26. An overview of the rear façade, south elevation, facing east.

Figure 27. South elevation, facing east.

West Elevation The west elevation consists of lower-level concrete sheer wall, with the second story exterior clad in horizontal v-notch siding. There appears to be one basement level window, as well as a square, fixed plate- glass window along the second story (Figure 28 and Figure 29). There is also a horizontal fixed window along the southwest corner of the building, facing north.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 32

Figure 28. Arrow pointing to a portion of the west elevation, facing south.

Figure 29. Arrow pointing to the west elevation, looking out from the interior of the north-facing window at the bathroom shower.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 33

EVALUATION FOR HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The Property that includes the 1958 house was evaluated to determine eligibility for listing on the CRHR. In addition, the local City of Sausalito Preservation Guidelines were considered during the evaluation. The following section provides an overview of historic significance of the Property and built-environment resources. The building was evaluated with the Period of Significance of 1958, which is the date it was constructed. California Register of Historical Resources

The CRHR is an inventory of significant architectural, archaeological, and historical resources in the State of California. Resources can be listed in the CRHR through several methods. State Historical Landmarks and National Register-listed properties are automatically listed in the CRHR. Properties can also be nominated to the CRHR by local governments, private organizations, or citizens. The CRHR follows similar guidelines to those used for the National Register. One difference is that the CRHR identifies the Criteria for Evaluation numerically instead of alphabetically. Another difference, according to the OHP is that “it is possible that historical resources may not retain sufficient integrity to meet the criteria for listing in the National Register, but they may still be eligible for listing in the California Register. A resource that has lost its historic character or appearance may still have sufficient integrity for the California Register if it maintains the potential to yield significant scientific or historical information or specific data”.58 To qualify for listing in the CRHR, a property must possess significance under one of the four criteria and have historic integrity. The process of determining integrity consists of evaluating seven variables or aspects that include location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. According to the National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation, these seven characteristics are defined as follows:

• Location is the place where the historic property was constructed.

• Design is the combination of elements that create the form, plans, space, structure, and style of the property.

• Setting addresses the physical environment of the historic property inclusive of the landscape and spatial relationships of the building(s).

• Materials refer to the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern of configuration to form the historic property.

• Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history.

• Feeling is the property’s expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time.

58 California Office of Historic Preservation, Technical Assistance Series #6 California Register and National Register: A Comparison (for purposes of determining eligibility for the California Register). HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 34

• Association is the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property. The following section examines the eligibility of the 1958 house for listing on the CRHR. CRHR Evaluation 1. (Event): Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States. The 1958 house was constructed within the City of Sausalito in a neighborhood known as “The Hill.” The development of The Hill began around 1905, when lots fronting on and above Sausalito Boulevard and Spencer Avenue were in high demand. Throughout the next five decades, development of the area slowed. During the period between the 1940s and 1980s, residential design in The Hill area took on a Mid-century Modern appearance, along with the regional-specific Third Bay Region Tradition, which was a popular localized style that combined traditional local materials with other elements of the Mid-century Modern forms. However, this trend is not associated with the 1958 house and although the 1958 house is designed in Mid-century Modern architecture, which was also a trend during this period, neither the neighborhood nor the construction of the house appear to have made any identifiable, significant contributions to this trend, nor was it the first or most important development period of this area. Therefore, the 1958 house does not appear eligible for local listing or for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 1. 2. (Person): Associated with the lives of persons important to local, California or national history. The earliest known residents of the 1958 house were Bradford McNutt and Ann McNutt, who commissioned the house to be constructed; however, the McNutts only resided at the property for a year. The next residents were Richard F. Gerry and Evelyn M. Gerry who appear to have moved into the house in 1959, and although extensive research was conducted on the Gerrys, including Richard’s second wife Charlotte who lived at the house, the research did not reveal information to suggest that any of the individuals made significant, identifiable contributions to local, regional, state, or national history that are directly associated with the 1958 house. Additionally, no other recorded owners or occupants of the property, including Patrick Warren Smith, Rosemary Henson, Marion K. Hewitt, or Frank B. Leonard and William J. Leonard, Jr appear to have made significant contributions to local, regional, state, or national history that have identifiable associations with the house. Therefore, the 1958 house does not appear eligible for local listing or for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 2. 3. (Construction/Architecture): Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values. The 1958 house is modest example of Mid-century Modern architectural design, which was a prevalent style from ca. 1945 to ca. 1970. The style is characterized by a low profile, horizontal composition, the use of modern materials—particularly large expanses of plate glass—as well as

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 35

other stylistic elements such as angular shapes, open floor plans, and stacked masonry veneer such as brick, Roman brick, or stone. Although, the 1958 house retains some elements of this style, it is not a representative example of the architectural trend. As such, the 1958 house does not appear to represent significant achievements in design, nor do any elements appear to be distinctive enough to wholly represent the characteristics of Mid-century Modern architecture to warrant eligibility for local listing, or for listing in the CRHR. Additionally, the 1958 drawing set (see Figure 12) does not list an architect, and no available newspaper descriptions of the 1958 house design through its development and construction phases were listed in local papers. As such, the 1958 house does not appear to be the work of a master architect. Therefore, the 1958 house does not appear eligible for local listing or for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 3. 4. (Information potential): Has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California, or the nation. Criterion 4 most commonly applies to resources that contain or are likely to contain information bearing on an important archaeological research question. While most often applied to archaeological sites, Criterion 4 can also apply to buildings that contain important information. For a building to be eligible under Criterion 4, it must be a principal source of important information, such as exhibiting a local variation on a standard design or construction technique can be eligible if a study can yield important information, such as how local availability of materials or construction expertise affected the evolution of local building development. The 1958 house does not have the ability to convey information that is unique or unknown in regard to an architectural style, and as such, it does not appear eligible for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 4. In addition, the property was not evaluated for archaeology. Integrity

Although the 1958 house does not qualify under any of the CRHR criteria, the following section provides specific integrity-related details regarding the building. The integrity is assessed to the building’s 1958 date of construction related to its Mid-century Modern architecture. • Location. The 1958 house has not moved from the location where it was constructed. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of location. • Design. The 1958 house does not appear to have undergone major alterations to its design, which remains relatively intact with the exception of some replacement materials such as windows, and additional structural walls along the primary facade. The building continues to display its original form and design elements from its date of construction. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of design. • Setting. The construction of the 1958 house coincided with a general change in setting during the early and mid-twentieth century in the neighborhood known as The Hill and development occurred

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 36

slowly over time. As such, the street and The Hill appear to have retained their feel as a residential neighborhood. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of setting. • Materials. The 1958 house retains some aspects exterior materials from the date of construction; however, additional concrete sheer walls, and Hardie-board siding has been added, as well as new windows and possibly new window openings. In addition, the balcony along the second story of the primary façade appears to have replaced the original balcony. Materials that appear to remain are sections of horizontal v-notched redwood siding, transom windows, and the front door. Therefore, the 1958 house does not retain integrity of materials. • Workmanship. Workmanship relates to evidence of a skill or craft from a particular period or region. There is evidence of the 1958 house that display workmanship from the date of construction that includes the massing and form, the cantilevered second story over the carport, redwood v-notched siding along some sections of the exterior walls, and the main entry stairs, door, and transom. While these elements have been altered, these elements that remain display workmanship from the period. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of workmanship. • Feeling. Feeling is the quality that a historic property has in evoking the aesthetic or historic sense of a past period. Despite alterations, the 1958 house retains its original form and design that evokes a feeling of a house constructed in the mid-twentieth century in Sausalito. Particularly the ground level with the second story living area with canted sections and a carport. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of feeling. • Association. While the 1958 house was not found to be associated with any significant events, it nevertheless remains associated with Mid-century Modern architecture from the period of 1945 to the 1970s. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of association. The 1958 house retains six aspects of integrity, however, as stated in the evaluation section, the building was not found to be significant under any CRHR eligibility criteria. CONCLUSIONS

Historical Resources include properties eligible for listing on the CRHR, the NRHP, or a local register of historical resources (as defined at Public Resources Code §5020.1(k)). In compliance with CEQA regulations and guidelines, and the City of Sausalito Preservation Guidelines, EDS Principal Architectural Historian Stacey De Shazo, M.A. and Senior Architectural Historian, Brian Matuk, M.S. conducted research and a field survey to evaluate the 1958 house to determine if it qualifies for listing on the CRHR, and for local designation in the City of Sausalito, and warrant further treatment. The proposed Project consists of the rehabilitation of the 1958 house, and although not fully developed at the time of this report, changes would include alterations to the exterior and interior of the house located at 181 Spencer Avenue in Sausalito. As the existing built environment within the Project Area is at least 45 years of age, this HRE evaluated the 1958 house for eligibility as an Historical Resource to determine if the Project had potential to cause impacts to Historical Resources under CEQA. Although the 1958 house retains six aspects of integrity, the evaluation determined that the 1958 house,

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 37

which is at least 45 years in age, does not meet the criteria for listing on the CRHR under the theme of early to mid-twentieth century housing development within The Hill neighborhood in the City of Sausalito, nor under the theme of Mid-century Modern architecture. Therefore, the 1958 house is not considered to be Historical Resources under CEQA.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 38

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A to Z Directory Publishers, Marin County Directory, 1954-1955. San Anselmo, CA: O. M. Skaggs, 1954.

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“Sobbing banker tells how $1.5 million disappeared.” 6 April 1965.

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HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 39

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“Brieflets.” 20 December 1889.

“Carpenters are Busy in Sausalito.” 8 April 1905.

“City Will Pave Spencer Ave.” 3 October 1946.

“Improvement Club Meets, Endorse High Schools.” 15 April 1911.

“Other Requests.” 26 August 1955.

“Resolution of Intention No. 104.” 28 February 1914.

“Sausalito’s Early Water Supply for San Francisco Made History Record.” 8 February 1935.

“Sausalito Past and Present.” 12 February 1885.

“Spencer Avenue Homesites Planned.” 15 November 1945.

Tracy, Jack

“Sausalito’s First Railroad.” 30 December 2011. http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/sausalito- history. Accessed 1 April 2019.

Sausalito Moments in Time: A Pictorial History of Sausalito 1850-1950. Sausalito: Windgate Press, 1983.

Tyler, Norman et al. Historic Preservation, An Introduction to the History, Principals, and Practices. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2009.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 41

United States Department of the Interior. National Register Bulletin 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of the Interior, 1990, revised 1997.

VerPlank Historic Preservation Consulting and Left Coast Architectural History. Citywide Neighborhood Historical Study, City of Sausalito Public Review Draft. Prepared for the City of Sausalito and the Office of Historic Preservation. September 2013.

HRE for 181 Spencer Avenue, Sausalito, Marin County, California 42

Appendix A: DPR Forms

Evans & De Shazo, Inc.

State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date

Page 1 of 18 *Resource Name or #: 181 Spencer Avenue P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location:  Not for Publication  Unrestricted *a. County Marin County and *b. USGS 7.5' Quad San Francisco North Date 1993 T 1S ; R 6W ;  of  of Sec ; MD B.M. c. Address 181 Spencer Avenue City Sausalito Zip 94965 d. UTM: Zone 10S, 545048 mE/ 4189649 mN e. Other Locational Data: The property is located on the south side of Spencer Avenue just west of Booker Avenue in the City of Sausalito, within Assessor Parcel Number 065-182-20.

*P3a. Description: The 1958 house is designed with Mid-century Modern architecture along a steep, north-facing hillside within “The Hills” neighborhood. The house is a two-story, rectangular plan building with a first story/ground-level basement and second story living space with a partial-width balcony over the north facing façade towards Spencer Avenue. The house is constructed on a reinforced concrete foundation, and is clad in v-notch redwood siding, as well as some areas that appear to have either Hardie-plank siding or v-notch siding. The roof is flat and clad in a rubber membrane, which may have been placed over the original tar and gravel roof. There is also a small backyard space along this elevation that is partially covered in pea gravel, pavers, and what appears to be asphalt. There is also a retaining and the north facing hillside covered in dense landscaped vegetation. (See Continuation Sheet, Page 2)

P5a. Photograph or Drawing *P3b. Resource Attributes: HP2 – Single family property *P4. Resources Present: ◼ Building  Structure  Object  Site  District  Element of District  Other P5b. Description of Photo: North and west elevations, 3/15/2019 *P6. Date Constructed/Age and Source: ◼ Historic  Prehistoric  Both 1958; Original building drawings *P7. Owner and Address: Withheld by owner

*P8. Recorded by: Stacey De Shazo, M.A., Evans & De Shazo, Inc., 1141 Gravenstein Highway South, Sebastopol, CA 95472 *P9. Date Recorded: 3/15/2019 *P10. Survey Type: Intensive

*P11. Report Citation: Stacey De Shazo, M.A. and Brian Matuk, M.S. (2019): Historic Resource Evaluation For The Property Located At 181 Spencer Street, Sausalito, Marin County, California *Attachments: NONE ◼Location Map ◼Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record  Other (List):

DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 2 of 18

(Continued from Primary, Page 1) North Elevation (Primary Façade) The north elevation consists of a first story/ground-level basement, and a second story where the living space is located. There is a retaining wall and planted vegetation along Spencer Avenue that provide privacy. The main entrance of the house is reached via a narrow, sloping three-car-space driveway. At the base of the driveway, along the northwest corner section, there is an 8-foot replacement retaining wall that was completed in 2017 (Permit #B2016 181). The ground-level structural elements of the house consist of exposed concrete and steel reinforced footings, square posts, a horizontally placed steel I-beam positioned underneath a partially canted second story, and concrete sheer walls over wood-frame construction. An original carport is located under the overhanging second-story section of this elevation. There are ascending wood steps along the north elevation that lead to main entrance door to the house. The main entrance is located in a short recess of the lower level, though above the basement, and faces west. The main entry consists of a wood-slab door with transom, situated in a wood frame. The remaining exterior of the north elevation consists of horizontal wood siding, with areas of exposed board formed concrete that functions as exterior sheer walls near the base of the north elevation toward the building’s northeast corner. There are also concrete stairs along the northeast corner of the building that allow access to the backyard gate. The second-story north elevation consists of rectangular massing that extends over the lower level, and is clad in horizontal v-notch redwood siding. The balcony at the eastern end of this elevation is supported by square posts set in concrete piers. Windows along this elevation include three tripartite metal frame windows that have casement sashes on either side of a central fixed window. Fenestration adjacent to the balcony appears to consist of full-glazed sliding doors, as well as two fixed windows. The partial width canted balcony consists of wood railing with metal wire mesh set between each post and wood decking. The current balcony appears to have replaced the original balcony that may have consisted of angular form according to the drawing set.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 3 of 18

Photo showing the vegetation along Spencer Avenue, facing south.

Photo of the primary façade, showing the concrete sheer wall and second-story.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 4 of 18

Photo showing the narrow driveway and massing of the 1958 house, facing south/southeast.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 5 of 18

Photo showing the new retaning wall that was completed in 2017, facing south.

North elevation, facing southeast.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 6 of 18

Photo showing the main entrance stairs along the ground level, facing south/southwest.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 7 of 18

Photo showing the front entry door, facing east.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 8 of 18

Photo showing the exterior north elevation walls at the ground level, facing east.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 9 of 18

Photo of the north elevation ground level, facing south.

East Elevation The east elevation is clad in a combination of siding including horizontal redwood v-notch siding and either T1-11 or vinyl siding. Fenestration along this elevation at the second story consist of a square- shaped, plate-glass, fixed window near the northeast corner, and a pair of large vertical plate-glass fixed windows nearest to the southeast corner. Along the lower level of the house is a side entry metal-clad door that appears to lead to the ground-floor basement. There is a set of wood stairs with a single wood and metal handrail situated approximately three feet east of the east elevation, and leads to the backyard.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 10 of 18

East elevation, facing west.

East elevation, facing south/southwest.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 11 of 18

East elevation, facing south.

Photo showing the stairs to the backyard, along the east elevation.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 12 of 18

South Elevation The south elevation is clad in horizontal redwood v-notch siding. There is a square-shaped bump-out along this elevation that consist of sliding glass doors, two rectangular fixed transom windows, and a square shaped, plate-glass fixed window. There are also a pair of louver-paneled wood doors along this elevation that may conceal exterior storage. Adjacent and west of these louver-paneled doors is a rectangular transom window that is situated above sliding glass doors. Near the southwest corner of the house is an angled, “cupola-style” roof element, which is clad in wood shingles.

An overview of the rear façade, south elevation, facing east.

West Elevation The west elevation consists of lower-level concrete sheer wall, with the second story exterior clad in horizontal v-notch siding. There appears to be one basement level window, as well as a square, fixed plate-glass window along the second story. There is also a horizontal fixed window along the southwest corner of the building, facing north.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 13 of 18

Arrow pointing to a portion of the west elevation, facing south.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 14 of 18

Arrow pointing to the west elevation, looking out from the interior of the north-facing window at the bathroom shower.

CRHR EVALUATION 1. (Event): Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States. The 1958 house was constructed within the City of Sausalito in a neighborhood known as “The Hill.” The development of The Hill began around 1905, when lots fronting on and above Sausalito Boulevard and Spencer Avenue were in high demand. Throughout the next five decades, development of the area slowed. During the period between the 1940s and 1980s, residential design in The Hill area took on a Mid-century Modern appearance, along with the regional-specific Third Bay Region Tradition, which was a popular localized style that combined traditional local materials with other elements of the Mid-century Modern forms. However, this trend is not associated with the 1958 house and although the 1958 house is designed in Mid- century Modern architecture, which was also a trend during this period, neither the neighborhood nor the construction of the house appear to have made any identifiable, significant contributions to this trend, nor was it the first or most important development period of this area.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 15 of 18

Therefore, the 1958 house does not appear eligible for local listing or for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 1. 2. (Person): Associated with the lives of persons important to local, California or national history. The earliest known residents of the 1958 house were Bradford McNutt and Ann McNutt, who commissioned the house to be constructed; however, the McNutts only resided at the property for a year. The next residents were Richard F. Gerry and Evelyn M. Gerry who appear to have moved into the house in 1959, and although extensive research was conducted on the Gerrys, including Richard’s second wife Charlotte who lived at the house, the research did not reveal information to suggest that any of the individuals made significant, identifiable contributions to local, regional, state, or national history that are directly associated with the 1958 house. Additionally, no other recorded owners or occupants of the property, including Patrick Warren Smith, Rosemary Henson, Marion K. Hewitt, or Frank B. Leonard and William J. Leonard, Jr appear to have made significant contributions to local, regional, state, or national history that have identifiable associations with the house. Therefore, the 1958 house does not appear eligible for local listing or for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 2. 3. (Construction/Architecture): Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values. The 1958 house is modest example of Mid-century Modern architectural design, which was a prevalent style from ca. 1945 to ca. 1970. The style is characterized by a low profile, horizontal composition, the use of modern materials—particularly large expanses of plate glass—as well as other stylistic elements such as angular shapes, open floor plans, and stacked masonry veneer such as brick, Roman brick, or stone. Although, the 1958 house retains some elements of this style, it is not a representative example of the architectural trend. As such, the 1958 house does not appear to represent significant achievements in design, nor do any elements appear to be distinctive enough to wholly represent the characteristics of Mid-century Modern architecture to warrant eligibility for local listing, or for listing in the CRHR. Additionally, the 1958 drawing set (see Figure 12) does not list an architect, and no available newspaper descriptions of the 1958 house design through its development and construction phases were listed in local papers. As such, the 1958 house does not appear to be the work of a master architect. Therefore, the 1958 house does not appear eligible for local listing or for listing in the CRHR

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 16 of 18

under Criterion 3. 4. (Information potential): Has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California, or the nation. Criterion 4 most commonly applies to resources that contain or are likely to contain information bearing on an important archaeological research question. While most often applied to archaeological sites, Criterion 4 can also apply to buildings that contain important information. For a building to be eligible under Criterion 4, it must be a principal source of important information, such as exhibiting a local variation on a standard design or construction technique can be eligible if a study can yield important information, such as how local availability of materials or construction expertise affected the evolution of local building development. The 1958 house does not have the ability to convey information that is unique or unknown in regard to an architectural style, and as such, it does not appear eligible for listing in the CRHR under Criterion 4. In addition, the property was not evaluated for archaeology.

INTEGRITY Although the 1958 house does not qualify under any of the CRHR criteria, the following section provides specific integrity-related details regarding the building. The integrity is assessed to the building’s 1958 date of construction related to its Mid-century Modern architecture. • Location. The 1958 house has not moved from the location where it was constructed. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of location. • Design. The 1958 house does not appear to have undergone major alterations to its design, which remains relatively intact with the exception of some replacement materials such as windows, and additional structural walls along the primary facade. The building continues to display its original form and design elements from its date of construction. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of design. • Setting. The construction of the 1958 house coincided with a general change in setting during the early and mid-twentieth century in the neighborhood known as The Hill and development occurred slowly over time. As such, the street and The Hill appear to have retained their feel as a residential neighborhood. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of setting. • Materials. The 1958 house retains some aspects exterior materials from the date of construction; however, additional concrete sheer walls, and T1-11 or vinyl siding has been added, as well as new windows and possibly new window openings. In addition, the balcony along the second story of the primary façade appears to have replaced the original balcony. Materials that appear to remain are sections of horizontal v-notched redwood siding, transom

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Stateage of California of Natural Resources Agency* Resource Primary# Name or # (Assigned by recorder) DEPARTMENT*Recorded by:OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #*Date Continuation Update Trinomial

CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name:_181 Spencer Avenue______Page 17 of 18

windows, and the front door. Therefore, the 1958 house does not retain integrity of materials. • Workmanship. Workmanship relates to evidence of a skill or craft from a particular period or region. There is evidence of the 1958 house that display workmanship from the date of construction that includes the massing and form, the cantilevered second story over the carport, redwood v-notched siding along some sections of the exterior walls, and the main entry stairs, door, and transom. While these elements have been altered, these elements that remain display workmanship from the period. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of workmanship. • Feeling. Feeling is the quality that a historic property has in evoking the aesthetic or historic sense of a past period. Despite alterations, the 1958 house retains its original form and design that evokes a feeling of a house constructed in the mid-twentieth century in Sausalito. Particularly the ground level with the second-story living area with canted sections and a carport. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of feeling. • Association. While the 1958 house was not found to be associated with any significant events, it nevertheless remains associated with Mid-century Modern architecture from the period of 1945 to the 1970s. Therefore, the 1958 house retains integrity of association. The 1958 house retains six aspects of integrity, however, as stated in the evaluation section, the building was not found to be significant under any CRHR eligibility criteria.

DPR 523L (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) State of California Natural Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP Trinomial

Page 18 of 18 *Resource Name or # 181 Spencer Avenue

*Map Name: San Francisco North, Calif *Scale: 1:24,000 *Date of map: 1993

DPR 523J (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) * Required information