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Home , Elaeocarpaceae, Elaeocarpus, Elaeocarpus dentatus, Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Elaeocarpus holopetalus, Elaeocarpus hookerianus

Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical www.jmpas.com And Allied Sciences ISSN NO. 2320 - 7418

REVIEW ARTICLE Correspondence UPDATE AND REVIEW ON Yogesh N Gholse Priyadarshini J. L. College of : ITS BOTANICAL, Pharmacy, Electronic Zone Building, MIDC, Hingna Road MEDICINAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL Nagpur, . [email protected]

AND THERAPEUTIC PROFILE Keywords Elaeocarpus, Elaeocarpus Gholse Yogesh N*, Shah Sapan K, Gurunani Shailju G, , , Yeole Manjusha P, Chaple Dinesh R. , ayurvedic. Received Priyadarshini J. L. College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, India. 14 June 2017 Reviewed 16 June 2017 Accepted 18 June 2017

ABSTRACT Elaeocarpus is a of evergreen broad-leaved and widely distributed in warm regions belonging to family Elaeocarpaceae. In traditional system of medicine, different parts (beads, bark, and outer shell of beads) of rudraksha are taken for the alleviation of various health problems such as mental disorders, headache, fever, skin diseases, and for healing the wounds. Ayurvedic texts categorise rudraksha fruits as thermogenic, sedative, cough alleviator and are useful for the treatment of bronchitis, neuralgia, cephalagia, anorexia, migraine, manic conditions and other brain disorders. Present review has been attempting to make to collect the botanical, ethnomedicinal, pharmacological information and therapeutic utility of Elaeocarpus speciess on the basis of current science.

Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 812

INTRODUCTION

The of medicinal Elaeocarpus, medicines for a wide range of diseases. The commonly known as Rudraksha, belongs to Hindu mythology considers Rudraksha as the Elaeocarpaceae family and grows in the symbol of link between earth and heaven. It Himalayan region of india.[1] The word is believed that it contains the secrets of Rudraksha, literally derived from two evolution of entire cosmos within itself.[4] Sanskrit words –‘rudra’, a synonym for Lord In the present review, an attempt has been Shiva and ‘aksha’ meaning eyes.[2] It is also made to congregate the botanical, called blueberry beads as; beads are covered phytochemical, ethno medicinal, by an outer shell of blue color on fully pharmacological information on ripening.[3] According to Hindu mythology, Elaeocarpus belongs to family Rudraksha bead bear a great religions, Elaeocarpaceae. spiritual, and materialistic significance and used in Indian Folk Remedies & ayurvedic

Fig. 1. Elaeocarpus seed and plant

Botanical classification (plant taxonimy) [5,6,7,8]

Table.1 Botanical classification of Elaeocarpus

Kingdom Plantae Sub-Kingdom Viridiplantae Infra Kingdom Streptophyta (Land ) Super Division Embryophyta

813 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 Division Tracheophyta (Tracheophytes or Vascular Plants) Sub Division Spermatophytina (Spermatophytes or Seed Plants) Class Magnoliopsida Super Order Rosanae Order Family Elaeocarpaceae Genus Elaeocarpus L (Dicera) Species (Rudraksha) Common Name Rudraksha Type E. Serratus Linn, E. Ganitrus Roxb, Etc Habit

Elaeocarpus species [7,9] Elaeocarpus is a genus belonging to , , Southern China family Elaeocarpaceae contains tropical and Japan, through to New and subtropical evergreen trees and Zealand, Fiji, and Hawaii in the east with shrubs. Nearly 360 species of Elaeocarpus its approximately 350 species. [6,9,10] Some trees are found in different parts of the common species with their occurrence world. It is widely distributed from are as follows: Madagascar in the west through India, Table.2 Elaeocarpus plant species and its distribution[9,11] Sr. No. Species of Elaeocarpus Occurrence 1 Elaeocarpus aberrans New Guinea 2 Elaeocarpus acuminatus India 3 Elaeocarpus amoenus Sri Lanka 4 Elaeocarpus angustifolius Queensl and Australia 5 Elaeocarpus apiculatus China, , Malaysia, 6 Elaeocarpus blascoi India. Endangered 7 Elaeocarpus coorangooloo Queensland (Australia) 8 Elaeocarpus coriaceus Sri Lanka 9 Elaeocarpus crassus New Guinea 10 New Guinea 11 Elaeocarpus eumundii Australia 12 Elaeocarpus ganitrus rudraksh India, South-East Asia, Indonesia, New Guinea

814 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 tree 13 Elaeocarpus gaussenii Southern India. Endangered 14 Elaeocarpus grandiflorus India, Indo-China, Malesia 15 Elaeocarpus hartleyi New Guinea 16 Elaeocarpus hedyosmus Sri Lanka 17 Pokaka. 18 New South Wales, Victoria (Australia) 19 Elaeocarpus williumsianus NSW, Australia 20 Elaeocarpus variabilis Southern India 21 Elaeocarpus timikensis New guinea 22 Elaeocarpus taprobanicus Sri lanka 23 Japan, Taiwan, China, Indochina 24 Indochina, malasia 25 Elaeocarpus sikkimensis India, 26 South asia 27 Elaeocarpus robustus India, 28 Australia 29 Elaeocarpus neobritannicus New Guinea 30 Elaeocarpus photiniaefolius Ogasawara island 31 Elaeocarpus montanus Sri lanka 32 Elaeocarpus miegei New Guinea 33 South Asia 34 Australia

Rudraksha health care by 4-fold a. By wearing Rudraksha Mala method [12,13] b. By doing Japam with Rudraksha 1. For Health maintenance mala 2. Preventive (Resistance against c. By Rudraksha Dhoopam diseases) d. Rubbing on Rudraksha Plates 3. Curative and (Acupressure) having magnets 4. Yoga Sadhana. inside.

Rudraksha Therapy Treatment Sevana: Rudraksha Churan; rudraksha Methods Darshan: (By looking like Hima (Cold infusion), Rudraksha Thrataka in Yoga) Sparshan: (By touch decoction for Gargling; Rudraksha Milk; and inhalation) Rudraksha Bhasma; Rudraksha Vibhuti;

815 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 Rudraksha Oil; Rudraksha Lehyam; TYPES OF RUDRAKSHA [5,6,14] Rudraksha eye drops and Rudraksha There are many types of Rudraksha beads Paste. are listed depending on the number of Yoga Sadhana: Rudraksha Mandap; “mukhi’s” – the clefts and furrows – they Rudraksha Kireetam; Rudraksha wearing have on the surface. The scriptures state of 1 below waist (in Yantra Manthra to 38 mukhi’s, but Rudraksha of 1 to 14 Thanthra Kshudra Prayogas) – – mukhis are usually bring to light. [1,15,16] Five – Rudraksha medicines are most effective as faceted or Punch mukhi Rudraksha bead is preventive and curative but one must use most commonly found. The higher mukhi’s them for not less than 40 days or a or faces are very rare. The traditional mandalam. As any other Ayurvedic herbs scriptures sort out and mark the value and this also works from the root levels of the importance to different mukhi diseases to eradicate the diseases. according to the number or type of mukha (faces) the seed has. [17-20]

Table 4: Different Type of Rudraksha with their Major benefits & Astrological Uses [1,15-18]

Type of Major benefits Astrological uses Rudraksha Chronic asthma heart Enlightens the super consciousness, Problems, T.B, mental provides improved concentration and anxiety, paralysis, eye mental structure changes specific to One Mukhi problem stroke, bone pain renunciation form Worldly affairs. The (1 Face) and head ache wearer enjoys all comforts at his command but still remains unattached

Impotency, renal failure, Blesses the wearer with 'UNITY'. It could stress, anxiety, lack of be related to guru-shishya, parents- concentration, mental children, husband-wife or friends. chaos, depression, eye Maintaining oneness is its Peculiarity Two Mukhi problems, negative (2 Face) thinking, hysteria and intestinal disorder

816 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 Depression, directive of The wearer gets free from sins or wrongs menstrual cycley/ from his life and returns to Purity. Ideal menstrual stress, blood for those who suffer from inferior pressure, schizophrenia, complexes, subjective fear, guilt and Three Mukhi weakness multifarious, depression (3 Face) fixation/guilt induced complexes, mood swings, fever/weakness, jaundice and mental disability. Blood circulation, cough The wearer gains power of creativity and brain linked illness, when blessed. Increases memory power asthma, hesitate, memory and intelligence Four Mukhi lapse and respiratory (4 Face) strip problems.

Blood pressure, heart Wearer gains health and peace. It problems, stress, mental increases memory also disability, fatness, anger management, diabetics, Five Mukhi piles, neurotic and mal (5 Face) adjustment problems.

Epilepsy and Saves from the emotional trauma of gynecological problems worldly sorrows and gives learning, wisdom and knowledge. Affects understanding and appreciation of love, Six Mukhi (6 sexual pleasure, music and personal Face) relationships

Asthma, impotency, It should be worn by those who are pharyngitis, foot related suffering from miseries pertaining to Seven Mukhi disease, respiratory and body, finance and mental set-up. By (7 Face) Confusion. wearing this man can progress in

business and service and spends his life happily Stomach ache, stress, skin Removes all obstacles and brings success diseases and anxiety. in all undertakings. It gives the wearer all Eight Mukhi kinds of attainments-Riddhies and (8 Face) Siddhies. His opponents are finished i.e. the minds or intentions of his opponents

817 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 are changed

Work as mysterious Wearer is blessed with lot of energy, Nine Mukhi medicine for treating powers, Dynamism and fearlessness, (9 Face) strange diseases. which are useful to live a life of success

mental insecurity and This contains the influence of ten Ten Mukhi whooping cough, incarnations and the ten directions. It (10 Face) Hormonal inequality in works like a shield on one's body and the body, drives evils away Body pain, backache, Blesses wearer with wisdom, right chronic alcoholism and judgment, powerful vocabulary, liver diseases. adventurous life, fearlessness and Eleven Mukhi success. Above all, it also protects from (11 Face) accidental death. It also helps in Meditation and removes the problems of yogic practices Bone diseases, rickets, Wearer gets the quality of the sun to osteoporosi, mental rule and to move continuously with Twelve disability and anxiety. brilliant radiance and strength. Good– for Mukhi ministers, politicians, administrators, (12 Face) businessmen and executives. Removes worry, suspicion and fear. Increases self image and motivation Muscular dystrophies Showers all possible comforts of life one can ever desire. It gives riches and honor and fulfills all the earthly desires and Thirteen gives eight accomplishments (Siddhies), Mukhi and the god cupid (Kamadeva) pleases (13 Face) with the man who wears it. It is helpful for meditation and spiritual and materialistic attainments Brain related and many Most precious divine gem - Deva Mani. It other types of disease. awakens the sixth sense organ by which the wearer foresees the future Fourteen happenings. Its wearer never fails in his Mukhi decisions. Its wearer gets rid of all the (14 Face) calamities, miseries, worries. It protects from ghosts, evil spirits and black magic. It provides the wearer safety, security and riches and self power

818 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 Skin diseases, still birth This represents Lord Pashupati and is and recurring especially beneficial for economic miscarriage. It is progress. Its possesor is neither bereft of measured as a blessing for wealth nor inflicted by any kinds of skin Fifteen Mukhi women who are incapable diseases (15 face) to imagine and in such case both the partner should wear it for fruitfulness Leprosy, lung diseases & It represents victory and the possessor is Sixteen tuberculosis. never affected by heat or cold. It is Mukhi especially useful for the saints living in (16 face) jungles. The house in which it is kept is free from fire, theft or robbery Memory lapse and body Regarded the best for peace and comfort functional disorders in the family. If a man worships Gauri Seventeen Shankar at his worshipping place, the Mukhi pain and suffering and other earthly (17 Face) obstacles are destroyed and the peace and pleasure 1of family are increased Mental harmonization and It represents the mother earth. The Eighteen loss or power Possessor remains happy and healthy. It Mukhi is especially beneficial for the pregnant (18 Face) women in protecting their child Blood disorder and spinal It represents Lord Narayana. The Ninteen disorder possessor is bestowed with all worldly Mukhi pleasures. There is no scarcity in their life (19 face)

It has energies of the nine It is used as medical cure for eyesight planets, Eight Dikpals problem and snake bites. Twenty (Indra, Varun, Yama, Mukhi Kuber, Agni, Vayu, Niriti (20 face) and Ishan) and Tridevas (Brahma , Vishnu , Mahesh). Helps in the spiritual Those who wear this rudraksha gets benefits growth of the wearer and of all 1-21 mukhi rudraksha. Only twenty Twenty one opens the third eye chakra one Mukhi Rudraksha has deep-rooted Mukhi and gives him sixth sense medical healing and it eliminates every form (21 face) and clairvoyance of diseases. abilities.

819 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 Sexual and behavioral Regarded the best for peace and comfort disorders. in the family. If a man worships Gauri Gauri Shankar at his place, the pain and

Shanker suffering and other earthly obstacles are destroyed and the peace and pleasure 1of family are increased Gynecological disorders For women wanting to have children. Her Ganesh motherhood gains perfection Rudraksha

Internal and external Wearer becomes invisible Trijuti / body tribhagi disorders

If a lucky person receives it, he must have Ekamukhi been blessed by Lord Shiva for many Gol-Dhana - - previous lifetimes. Rudraksh

Even more rare. The wearer is blessed Eka-vimshati with immense prosperity and fulfillment - - Rudraksha of pleasures and materialistic desires.

The wearer feels complete and whole and Nirakar the wearers charisma increases day by - - Rudraksha day making people more receptive and acceptive to the’ wearer naturally. Removes any worries from the mind on Ekamukhi wealth and relationships. - - Rudraksh

Beneficial for professions where Rudraksha confidence, charisma, stability and long with - - term business or people to people Shivalingam relationship is required. Epilepsy and Gives the wearer immense protection Rudraksha gynecological from any kind of tantra and malefics. - with OM problems

Sapta- vimshati - - - Rudraksha

820 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 Pancha- Parameshvar - - - Rudraksha

Gauri Lord Shiva wears a cobra around his neck, Shankar therefore this snakes are venerated. - - Savar Rudraksha Phytoconstituents of elaeocarpus species Isoelaeocarpine, Epiiisoelaeocarpiline, [6, 9, 21] Myricitrin, Mearnsetin 3-O-β-D- Various Phytochemical investigations shows glucopyranoside cucurbitacins and Ellagic acid that the common Phytochemical present in derivatives. Elaeocarpus sps are Elaeocarpine, A. Alkaloids[6] B. [9] Table 3. Major alkaloids content of Elaeocarpus species 1. Elaeocarpine Table 4. Major flavonoids content of 2. Isoelaeocarpine 3. Elaeocarpidine Elaeocarpus species 4. Epiiisoelaeocarpiline 5. Epiialloelaeocarpiline 1. Myricitrin 6. Alloelaeocarpiline 2. Mearnsetin 3-O-β- 7. Pseudoepiisoelaeocarpiline Dglucopyranoside 8. Rudrakine 3. Mearnsitrin 9. Elaeokanine A, B, C, D, E 4. Tamarixetin 3-O-α- 10. Elaeokanidine A Lrhamnopyranoside 11. Grandisines C, D, E, F & G 5. 4′-Methylmyricetin 12. Isoelaeocarpiline 6. Myricetin and its 3-O-rhamnoside 13. Elaeocarpidine 7. Quercetin 14. 15, 16 dihydroelaeocarpine 15. Elaeocarpenine 16. Isoelaeocarpicine contains glycosides also. Ethanolic extract It also contains minerals, vitamins, steroids, of leaves contains gallic acid, ellagic acid flavanoids. Aqueous extract of leaves. and quercetin.[14] PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Alcohol soluble extractive: 16 ± 0.90 % w/w OF LEAVES[13] Foreign matter: 0.04 % w/w Loss on drying: 8.55 ± 0.45 % w/w Total Ash: 2.7 ±0.98 % w/w Water soluble extractive: 12 ± 1.05 % w/w Water soluble ash: 1.6 % w/w

821 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 Acid insoluble ash: 1.9 ± 0.56 % w/w Sulphate ash: 0.7 ± 0.04 % w/w

PROPERTIES OF RUDRAKSHA A. Ayurvedic Properties [5,6] Table 5. Ayurvedic properties of Elaeocarpus species 1. Sexual power improvement 2. Nullifying poisonous effects caused by bites of insects 3. For curing Piles 4. Burn Pox or Marks alleviator 5. Rectifier of chicken pox or small pox 6. For getting good sleep 7. Curing breathing problems or cough 8. Sure shot remedy for conceiving baby 9. Alleviator of heaviness, tongue cracks and 10. Tastelessness 11. For Hysteria and Coma 12. To Ward off evil spirits and omens 13. For all brain diseases 14. As a blood purifier 15. As antibacterial 16. For curing liver related problems, jaundice, and Stomachache 17. For controlling epilepsy 18. For improving memory power 19. For blood pressure 20. As Cosmetic product

B. Electric Properties [5, 16] 6. Antimicrobial activity 7. Antihypertension activity Table 6. Electric properties of 8. Antiulcerogenic activity Elaeocarpus species 9. Antioxidant activity 1. Confrontation 10. Cytotoxic activity 2. Capacitance 11. Antifungal activity 3. Inductance 12. Stimualtion of Immune C. Pharmacological Properties [5-8, 11] Mediators Table 7. Pharmacological properties of 13. Central analgesic activity 14. Antimalarial activity Elaeocarpus species 15. Anticancer activity 1. Antiasthmatic activity 16. Antibacterial activity 2. Antidepressant activity 17. Nephroprotective activity 3. Antianxiety activity 18. Mast Cell Stabilizing activity 4. Antidiabetic activity 19. Hepatoprotective activity 5. Anti-inflammatory activity 20. anti-Parkinson activity

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D. Biomedical Properties[22] The beneficial powers of Rudraksha are by virtue of its Electrical and Magnetic Properties. Table 8. Biomedical properties of Elaeocarpus species 1. Electrical Properties Resistance Capacitance or the Dielectric Properties Inductance 2. Magnetic Properties Dynamic Polarity : Sometimes the fake or the artificial METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION Elaeocarpus sphaericus may seem same as It is very simple to identify a real real one but these fake Elaeocarpus Elaeocarpus. It is made falsely and the sphaericus facets cannot be made as real as artificial Elaeocarpus are also being sold in those present on the real Elaeocarpus market. There are many methods of testing a sphaericus. This is a natural partition on actual (or fake) Elaeocarpus: Elaeocarpus sphaericus which just like the closed lips with deep natural. See these deep Properties Test linings (facets) with the help of a This test gives information that whether the magnifying glass (Lenses) and thus can be beads show properties like inductance, easily distinguish a real Elaeocarpus capacitance, conduction of electric current sphaericus. etc. Copper Coin Test

Cut Test Generally it is believed that when an It is most reliable methods and for this cut Elaeocarpus sphaericus bead is placed the Elaeocarpus sphaericus bead between two copper coins it will slightly horizontally. When it will be cut one can rotate either clockwise or the anticlockwise find the same number of section as the direction. This phenomenon occurs due to number of lines. If it is not then drawback of physical and magnetic properties of the this method is that bead gets damaged. Elaeocarpus sphaericus beads.

Eye test X-Ray

823 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 One way is to follow the X-ray technique species of Elaeocarpus are very important in one can see the internal structure without the field of medical science due to the damaging the beads. This digital X-ray test presence of their phytochemicals with their is done without complication for high medicinal values. Mainly these Elaeocarpus sphaericus up to nine Mukhi chemicals are alkaloids & flavonoids. but higher Mukhi beads may not give 100% Elaeocarpus ganitrus has been used accurate results due to overlapping of the lucratively in ayurvedic medicine for internal seeds. centuries many investigations are called for to be attempted towards more clinical trials Water test to support its therapeutic use. Various Elaeocarpus species have also been widely Some of the rare Elaeocarpus sphaericus studied for their various pharmacological beads like Gauri Shankar Elaeocarpus activities like antiasthamatic, antidepressant, sphaericus or a trijuti can be made by antianxiety, antidiabetic, antioxidative, synthetically joining two or three antiviral, antitumor and antihypertensive Elaeocarpus sphaericus with help of paste activities. It is also important to recognize etc. if here is any of hesitation this that Elaeocarpus species may be effective Elaeocarpus sphaericus bead, kept in boiling not only in isolation, but may actually have water for some minutes. A sharp streak will a potentiating effect when given in take place at the joint in case of synthetic combination with other herbs or drugs. Elaeocarpus Sphaericus.

REFERENCES CT scanning CT scanning is another method for 1. Dennis TJ, 1993. Rudraksha - Not just a identification of Elaeocarpus sphaericus but spiritual symbol but also a medicinal it is more expensive than X- ray. It gives remedy. Sachitra Ayurved. 46(2), 142-5. much clear results for any Elaeocarpus 2. Ramadurai L., 2008. The Rudraksha sphaericus than X-ray[5, 7, 23-26] tree. Conservation of Ecological Heritage and Sacred Sites of India. 6, 2- CONCLUSION 8. After studying all properties and 3. Pandey G., Ed. 2004. Krishna Das specification it is concluded that different Ayurvedic series 48, Vol 3, Varanasi:

824 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 Chowkhamba Krishanadas 10. Asolkar L.V., Kakkar K.K .and Chakre Academy,Dravyaguna Vijnana (Materia O.J. (1992). Ed. Second supplement to Medica- vegetable drugs): 261–262. glossary of Indianmedicinal plant with 4. Chaturvedi BK, Shiv Purana, 2004. active principles, Vol 1, New Delhi: Vidyeshwar Samhita, Chapter 25, Publication and Information Diamond Books (P) Ltd., New Delhi, Directorate, CSIR: 177. Parts 01–95. 11. Tripathy S, Mida A, Ranjan S, 2016. 5. Hardainiyan S, Nandy BC, Krishan K, Elaeocarpus Ganitrus (Rudraksha), The 2015. Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Amazing Electromagnetic Bead of (Rudraksha): A Reservoir Plant with Nature To Redeem Mankind From their Pharmacological Effects. Int. J. Disease, Sickness And Medicinal Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 34(1), 55-64. Problem. World J. Of Pharm Pharma 6. Joshi SC, Jain PK, 2014. A Review on Sci. 5 (9),1079-1099. Ethnomedicinal and Traditional Uses of 12. Rao IP, Swamy KS, 1995. Rudraksha Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb. Therapy For Perfect Health. Ancient Sci. (Rudraksha). Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 5(1), of Life, 15(1), 21-26. 495 – 511. 13. Jain S, Jatwa K, Jain V, Sharma A, 7. Garg K, Goswami K, Khurana G, 2013. Mahajan SC, 2014. A Review on A Pharmacognostical Review On Elaeocarpus Sphaericus (Rudraksha). Elaeocarpus Sphaericus. Int J Pharm PharmaTutor. 2(7), 83-91. Pharm Sci. 5(1), 3-8. 14. Arivu I, Muthulingam M, 2017. Detailed 8. Yelne, MB, Notes on the Botanical Study on Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Identity of Beads Found Under the (Rudraksha) For Its Medicinal Name: Rudraksha, Biorhythm, AYU. Importance - A Review. Int J Curr Sci. Academy series, 44, 1995, 39–44. 20(1), 16-30. 9. Dadhich A, Rishi A , Sharma G, 15. Prabha R, Kaur A, Mythological and Chandra S, 2013. Phytochemicals of Spiritual Review on Eloeocarpus Elaeocarpus with Their Therapeutic Ganitrus and Assessment of Scientific Value: A Review. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. Facts for its Medicinal Uses, 4(3), 591 – 598. International Journal of Research, 1(5), 2014, 334-353.

825 Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (Vol-6_2017) 01; 812-826 16. Kumar N, Dubey M, Agarwal V, 20. Swami G, Nagpal N, Rahar S, Singh P, Rudrakha: A Review on Mythological, Singla S, Porwal A, Kapoor R, Spiritual and Medicinal Importance, Elaeocarpus sphaericus: Medical and Global Journal of Research Medicinal Scientific facts, Der Pharmacia Lettre, Plants & Indigenous Medicine, 2(1), 2(1), 2010, 297-306. 2013, 65–72. 21. Johns SR, Lamberton JA, Suares H, 17. Swami V, Srimad Devi Bhagvatam, 11th Sioumis AA, Willing RI, The alkaloids Skanda, Allahabad Panini Office, of Elaeocarpus sphaericus, Australian Allahabad, Vol. 26, 2000, Chapter 3–7. Journal of Chemistry, 24(8), 1971, 1679- 18. Swarnalatha N, Rudraksam, Journal of 1694. Sukrtindra Oriental Research Institute, 22. Ray AB, Chand L, Pandey VB, Vol. 03, 2000, P.17–22 Rudrakine, a new alkaloid from 19. Gupta H., Dwiwedi S., Dubey A., Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Phytochemistry, Jaiswal P., 2016. Ethenomedicinal and 18, 1979, 700– 701. traditional uses of Elaeocarpus granitrus 23. Chand L, Dasgupta S, Chattopadhyay (Rudraksha). Jour. Harmo. Res. Pharm. SK, Ray AB, Chemical investigation of 5(1), 67-77. some Elaeocarpus species, Planta Medica, 32(2), 1977, 197-199.

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