Strengthening the Materials Connection REGISTRATION NOW OPEN!

JANUARY 2020

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JAn officialO publication of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

MS&T19 RECAP: Strengthening the Materials Connection REGISTRATION NOW OPEN!

February 23-27, 2020 • San Diego, California, USA www.tms.org/TMS2020 • #TMSAnnualMeeting

WHAT CAN YOU EXPECT AT THE TMS 2020 ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION?

A Record-Setting A Vibrant Exhibition: An All-Conference Meeting: Discover the latest Plenary Speaker: Nearly 5,000 abstracts products and services John Mason, Director of were submitted for in the TMS2020 Exhibit Gas Turbine Products TMS2020—the most Hall. Visit the conference Engineering at Solar abstracts ever submitted website for a full list of Turbines Incorporated, for a TMS Annual the companies you’ll will deliver the all- Meeting. meet. conference plenary.

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February 23-27, 2020 February 23-27, 2020 • San Diego, California, USA San Diego Convention Center and Marriott Marquis & Marina www.tms.org/TMS2020 • #TMSAnnualMeeting San Diego, California, USA • www.tms.org/TMS2020 #TMSAnnualMeeting WHAT CAN YOU EXPECT AT THE TMS 2020 ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION? PRE-SHOW REPORT

Learn more at: www.tms.org/TMS2020 EXHIBITOR

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CREATING THE NEXT-GENERATION MATERIALS GENOME INITIATIVE WORKFORCE

Open Access:

A Study Organized by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Download Your Copy Today

Led by a team of 16 internationally recognized experts, the latest technical report from TMS builds on previous work and offers a series of action plans and recommendations that address the education and training goals of the Materials Genome Initiative (MGI). Study Features: • Reports on the current state of U.S. academic curriculum and training of the workforce to support the MGI. • Defines 10 key competency areas along with core and advanced/specialty areas of knowledge and skills. • Captures and synthesizes recommendations of past MGI efforts. • Presents seven detailed action plans. Go to www.tms.org/MGIworkforce to download the free report.

A study organized by The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society on behalf of the U.S. National Science Foundation (DMR #1840716). Table of Contents

Volume 72

Number 1 JO table of contents January 2020 JOM: THE MAGAZINE

1: In the Final Analysis: James J. Robinson 12: Gaining Global Perspective at EUROMAT 2019: Jennifer L.W. Carter 2: In Case You Missed It: Business News from the Field 14: TMS Meeting Headlines 3: Celebrating 50 Years of Metallurgical and 15: JOM Classifieds Materials Transactions: 16: JOM Kelly Zappas Call for 5: MS&T19: Materials Meetup in Portland: Papers Ann Ritchie 10: Learn from the Past for a Safer Tomorrow: A Preview of Safety Congress 2020: Roland Moreau JOM: THE JOURNAL 3D Materials Science 18: In Situ X-ray Tomography and 3D X-ray 65: An Algorithm to Generate Synthetic 3D Diffraction Measurements of Cemented Microstructures from 2D Exemplars: Granular Materials: C. Zhai, D.C. Pagan, Tristan N. Ashton, Donna Post Guillen, and R.C. Hurley and William H. Harris 28: Microstructure-Sensitive Computational 75: Three-Dimensional Additively Estimates of Driving Forces for Surface Manufactured Microstructures and Versus Subsurface Fatigue Crack Formation Their Mechanical Properties: in Duplex Ti-6Al-4V and Al 7075-T6: Theron M. Rodgers, Hojun Lim, Krzysztof S. Stopka and David L. McDowell and Judith A. Brown 39: Heterogeneous Internal Strain Evolution 83: Analysis of Grain-Resolved Data from in Commercial Purity Titanium Due to Three-Dimensional X-ray Diffraction Anisotropic Coefficients of Thermal Microscopy in the Elastic and Plastic Expansion: Zebang Zheng, Philip Eisenlohr, Regimes: Nicolai Ytterdal Juul, T.R. Bieler, Darren C. Pagan, Jette Oddershede, and Grethe Winther and Fionn P.E. Dunne 91: Combining Fractography with High-Energy 48: In-Situ Grain Resolved Stress x-ray Diffraction to Study Fatigue Crack Characterization During Damage Initiation in Growth in Ti-6Al-4V: A.L. Pilchak, Cu-10%W Alloy: Reeju Pokharel, A.J. Beaudoin, D.C. Pagan, K. Chatterjee, Ricardo A. Lebensohn, Darren C. Pagan, K. Swartz, C. Budrow, N. Levkulich, Timothy L. Ickes, Bjørn Clausen, and Vikas Sinha Donald W. Brown, Ching-Fong Chen, Methods for Rapid Pore Classification Darren S. Dale, and Joel V. Bernier 101: in Metal Additive Manufacturing: 57: Three-Dimensional Analysis of Robert Snell, Sam Tammas-Williams,

Fragmentation Process of Al3Ti Platelet Lova Chechik, Alistair Lyle,

Particles in Al–Al3Ti Multiphase Alloy Everth Hernández-Nava, Charlotte Boig, Deformed by Asymmetric Rolling: George Panoutsos, and Iain Todd Hisashi Sato, Akihiro Mori, Mariko Kitagawa, Sarath Babu Duraisamy, Tadachika Chiba, and Yoshimi Watanabe Table of Contents

Advanced Characterization and Testing of Irradiated Materials 110: Advanced Characterization and Testing of 150: Effects of Al and Ti Additions on Irradiation Irradiated Materials: Dhriti Bhattacharyya, Behavior of FeMnNiCr Multi-Principal- Fan Zhang, and Peter Hosemann Element Alloy: Andrew Hoffman, Li He, 113: Towards Bridging the Experimental Matthew Luebbe, Hans Pommerenke, Length-Scale Gap for Tensile Tests on Jiaqi Duan, Peipei Cao, Kumar Sridharan, Structural Materials: Lessons Learned from Zhaoping Lu, and Haiming Wen an Initial Assessment of Microtensile Tests 160: Recent Studies on the Microstructural and the Path Forward: Tanvi Ajantiwalay, Response of Nanotwinned Metals to In Situ Hi Vo, Ryan Finkelstein, Peter Hosemann, Heavy Ion Irradiation: K.Y. Yu, C. Fan, and Assel Aitkaliyeva Y. Chen, J. Li, and X. Zhang 123: Small-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Ion 170: Localized Helium Implantation in

Irradiated Bulk Metallic Glass: SiCf /SiCm Composites Comparing Fiber Maryam Sadeghilaridjani, Aditya Ayyagari, and Matrix Swelling: M.V. Ambat, D. Frazer, Saideep Muskeri, Vahid Hassannaeimi, M.P. Popovic, M. Balooch, S. Stevenson, Jiechao Jiang, and Sundeep Mukherjee A. Scott, J. Kabel, and P. Hosemann 130: On the Room-Temperature Mechanical 176: He Bubble Concentration, Size and Strain Properties of an Ion-Irradiated TiZrNbHfTa in Implanted Aluminum by SAXS/WAXS: Refractory High Entropy Alloy: Joshua A. Hammons, Scott J. Tumey, Michael Moschetti, Alan Xu, Yaakov Idell, and Jason R. Jeffries Benjamin Schuh, Anton Hohenwarter, 187: Advanced Postirradiation Characterization Jean-Philippe Couzinié, Jamie J. Kruzic, of Nuclear Fuels Using Pulsed Neutrons: Dhriti Bhattacharyya, and Bernd Gludovatz Sven C. Vogel, Mark A.M. Bourke, 139: High-Temperature Nanoindentation of Aaron E. Craft, Jason M. Harp, SiC/SiC Composites: D. Frazer, C.P. Deck, Charles T. Kelsey, Jay Lin, Alex M. Long, and P. Hosemann Adrian S. Losko, Peter Hosemann, 145: Faceted He-Filled “Pancakes” Confined Kenneth J. McClellan, Markus Roth, and within Nanoscale Metal Layers: Anton S. Tremsin Benjamin K. Derby, Jon Kevin Baldwin, 197: Listening to Radiation Damage In Situ: Di Chen, Michael J. Demkowicz, Passive and Active Acoustic Techniques: Yongqiang Q. Wang, Amit Misra, Cody A. Dennett, R. Charles Choens, and Nan Li Caitlin A. Taylor, Nathan M. Heckman, Mathew D. Ingraham, David Robinson, Brad L. Boyce, Michael P. Short, and Khalid Hattar

Bauxite to Aluminum: Advances, Automation, and Alternative Processes

210: Carbon Cathode Wear in Aluminum 239: Alumina Solubility in NaF-KF-LiF-AlF3- Electrolysis Cells: Samuel Senanu, Based Low-Temperature Melts: Zhaohui Wang, Arne Petter Ratvik, Jianping Peng, Zheng Wei, Yuezhong Di, and Tor Grande Yaowu Wang, and Ting Sun 218: Numerical Assessment on Effects of 247: KF-NaF-AlF3 System: Liquidus Temperature Longitudinal Slots and Its Application in and Phase Transition: Hengwei Yan, Aluminium Reduction Cells: Zhibin Zhao, Zhanwei Liu, Wenhui Ma, Liqiang Huang, Dongfang Zhou, Wei Liu, Hongsheng Hu, Chengzhi Wang, and Yingxin Liu Yuqing Feng, and Zhaowen Wang 253: Investigation of the Ledge Structure in 229: Reducing PFCs with Local Anode Effect Aluminum Smelting Cells: Detection and Independently Controlled Jingjing Liu, Shanghai Wei, John J.J. Chen, Feeders in Aluminum Reduction Cells: Hasini Wijayaratne, Zhaowen Wang, Shuai Yang, Hongliang Zhang, Zhong Zou, Bingliang Gao, and Mark P. Taylor Jie Li, and Xiaochong Zhong Table of Contents

263: Effect of CMC and Micelle Formation 287: A Machine Vision Sensor for Quality on the Removal of Sodium Benzoate or Control of Green Anode Paste Material: Sodium Stearate in a Sodium Aluminate Julien Lauzon-Gauthier, Carl Duchesne, Solution: Peng Wu, Guihua Liu, Xiaobin Li, and Jayson Tessier Zhihong Peng, Qiusheng Zhou, 296: Aluminum Production in the Times of and Tiangui Qi Climate Change: The Global Challenge to 270: Reduction of Red Mud Discharge by Reduce the Carbon Footprint and Prevent Reductive Bayer Digestion: A Comparative Carbon Leakage: Gudrun Saevarsdottir, Study and Industrial Validation: Halvor Kvande, and Barry J. Welch Yilin Wang, Xiaobin Li, Qiusheng Zhou, 309: On the Mechanism of Sodic Removal from Biao Wang, Tiangui Qi, Guihua Liu, Bauxite Residue and Bauxite Desilication Zhihong Peng, Jianqing Pi, Zhiqiang Zhao, Products (BDP) Using Acetic Acid: and Mingli Wang Sicheng Wang, Tuan Nguyen, 278: Investigation of the Ionic Structure of Hong Peng, and Longbin Huang Molten 1.5–8 KF-AlF Salts with Raman 3 319: Dealkalization of Bauxite Residue Through Spectroscopy: Ming Lin, Xianwei Hu, Acid Neutralization and Its Revegetation Zhongning Shi, Bingliang Gao, Jiangyu Yu, Potential: Hua Zeng, Fei Lyu, and Zhaowen Wang Guangyan Hu, Honghu Tang, Li Wang, Wei Sun, Yuehua Hu, and Runqing Liu

Design, Development, and Manufacturing of Refractory Metals & Materials 326: Effects of Nitrogen on the Morphology and 368: Preparation of Superhydrophobic 35CrMo

Evolution of M2C Eutectic Carbides Surface and Its Tribological Properties in in Fe-Mo-W-Co-Cr-V-C Alloy: Yi-Wa Luo, Water Lubrication: Junyuan Huang, Han-Jie Guo, Xiao-Lin Sun, Jing Guo, Songbo Wei, Lixin Zhang, Zejun Shen, and Fei Wang Yingying Yang, Song Yang, Xuechun Lin, and Jingyuan Zhang 333: Novel Alkaline Method for the Preparation of Low-Chromium Magnesia: Chao Wang, 373: Recovery of Tungsten from a Sulfuric– Hui Xu, Weiping Liu, Pengcheng Han, Phosphoric Acid Leaching Solution by Xiyun Yang, and Xuming Wang Solvent Extraction with 2-Octanol: Yongli Li, Shijie Lv, Nan Fu, 340: Synthesis of Coarse-Grained Tungsten and Zhongwei Zhao Carbide Directly from Scheelite/Wolframite by Carbothermal Reduction and 379: Preparation of Ultrafine W Powder via Crystallization: Fenglong Sun, Carbothermic Prereduction of Tungsten Xingyu Chen, and Zhongwei Zhao Oxide Followed by Deep Reduction with Hydrogen: Cheng-Min Song, 347: Novel Pathway to Prepare Mo Nanopowder Guo-Hua Zhang, Kuo-Chih Chou, via Hydrogen Reduction of MoO 2 and Baijun Yan Containing Mo Nanoseeds Produced by

Reducing MoO3 with Carbon Black: 385: Effect of Mo on Morphology Evolution Guo-Dong Sun and Guo-Hua Zhang and Mechanical Properties of TiC-Based Cermets: Min Chen, Xuan Xiao, 354: Effect of Si on the Microstructure and Xuefeng Zhang, and Chaoyong Zhao Oxidation Resistance of Ti-Mo Alloys: Jinming Ru, Yuemei Wang, Yuhua Zhou, 393: Effect of Different Cr and Ni Additions on Ze Jiang, Xiaojing Xu, and Jianwei Li Oxidation Behavior of Co-Re-Based Alloys: K. Esleben, B. Gorr, H.-J. Christ, 361: Paralinear Oxidation of Cr-Si-C-Coated D. Mukherji, and J. Rösler C/SiC at 1300°C in Wet and Dry Air Environments: Shoujun Wu, Shaojun Ma, Yingxin Chen, Baowei Cao, and Guoyun Zhang Table of Contents

ICME-Based Design and Optimization of Materials for Additive Manufacturing 403: Review on Computational Modeling 458: Machine Learning-Enabled Competitive of Process–Microstructure–Property Grain Growth Behavior Study in Directed Relationships in Metal Additive Energy Deposition Fabricated Ti6Al4V: Manufacturing: Theofilos Gatsos, Jinghao Li, Manuel Sage, Xiaoyi Guan, Karim A. Elsayed, Yuwei Zhai, Mathieu Brochu, and Yaoyao Fiona Zhao and Diana A. Lados 465: ICME Approach to Determining the Critical 420: Process Design of Laser Powder Bed Pore Size of IN718 Produced Fusion of Stainless Steel Using by Selective Laser Melting: a Gaussian Process-Based Machine Michael D. Sangid, Priya Ravi, Learning Model: Lingbin Meng and Veerappan Prithivirajan, Nolan A. Miller, Jing Zhang Peter Kenesei, and Jun-Sang Park 429: Temperature Profile, Bead Geometry, and 475: Elasto-Plastic Finite Element Modeling Elemental Evaporation in Laser Powder of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced 3D Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Process: Faiyaz Ahsan and Leila Ladani Composites: Sunil Bhandari, Roberto A. Lopez-Anido, Lu Wang, 440: Torsional Fatigue Failure of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel of Reduced and Douglas J. Gardner Specimen Size: Sanna F. Siddiqui, 485: Estimating Powder-Polymer Material Firat Irmak, Abiodun A. Fasoro, Properties Used in Design for Metal Fused and Ali P. Gordon Filament Fabrication (DfMF3): Paramjot Singh, Qasim Shaikh, Vamsi K. Balla, 448: Parametric Shape Optimization for Combined Additive–Subtractive Sundar V. Atre, and Kunal H. Kate Manufacturing: Lorenzo Tamellini, 496: Prediction of Thermal Residual Stress Michele Chiumenti, Christian Altenhofen, and Microstructure in Direct Laser Metal Marco Attene, Oliver Barrowclough, Deposition via a Coupled Finite Element Marco Livesu, Federico Marini, and Multiphase Field Framework: Massimiliano Martinelli, and Vibeke Skytt Qinan Li, Balachander Gnanasekaran, Yao Fu, and G.R. Liu

Technical Articles 509: Cavitation Assisted Production of 544: Field Emission Damage Modes of Assemblies of Magnetic Nanoparticles Carbon Nanotube Spindt Cathode Arrays: of High Chemical Purity: V.A. Bautin, Graham P. Sanborn, Lake A. Singh, N.S. Perov, M.S. Ermolin, P.S. Fedotov, Stephan P. Turano, and N.A. Usov Shanmurugan Selvamurugan, 517: Effect of Nd Additions on the Mechanical Mitchell L.R. Walker, and W. Jud Ready Properties of Mg Binary Alloys: Yuling Xu, 552: Structural, Morphological, and Optical Sarkis Gavras, Felix Gensch, Characterization of GaN/p-Si Thin Films Karl Ulrich Kainer, and Norbert Hort for Various Argon Flow Rates: 526: Piping and Pressure Vessel Welding Asim Mantarcı Automation through Adaptive Planning and 561: Review: Materials Ecosystem for Additive Control: Sam Robertson, Josh Penney, Manufacturing Powder Bed Fusion J. Logan McNeil, William R. Hamel, Processes: Behrang Poorganji, Eric Ott, David Gandy, Greg Frederick, and Jon Tatman Rajandra Kelkar, Andrew Wessman, 536: Grey Model Research Based on the Pore and Mahdi Jamshidinia Structure Fractal and Strength of NMR Aeolian Sand Lightweight Aggregate Concrete: Qian Liu, Xiangdong Shen, Lisi Wei, Ruixin Dong, and Huijun Xue Table of Contents

About the Cover From “In-Situ Grain Resolved Stress Characterization During Damage Initiation in Cu-10%W Alloy” by Reeju Pokharel et al., the image shows a 3D initial state JO characterization of Cu-10%W. A microstructure map, obtained from HEDM 5700 Corporate Drive measurements, shows the crystallographic grains of W embedded on a Suite 750 Cu matrix shown in gray. After the initial state characterization, the same Pittsburgh, PA 15237 specimen was loaded under uniaxial tension to monitor the local stress and USA strain accumulation due to imposed load. It was observed that high stress Phone: 1-724-776-9000 triaxiality developed in W grains, which led to decohesion of the Cu-W Web: jom.tms.org E-Mail: [email protected] interface. Upon further loading, the debonded regions grew and coalesced with neighboring pores, eventually leading to macroscopic failure. Publisher for TMS James J. Robinson, January 2020 Guest Editors Executive Director 3D Materials Science Design, Development, Manufacturing, and Operations Invited Applications of Refractory Metals and Materials Management Matthew Miller, Cornell University Refractory Metals & Materials Committee; Matt Baker, Philip Withers, The University of Manchester Steels Committee Department Head, Content Ravi Enneti, Global Tungsten and Powders Corp. Advanced Characterization and JOM: The Journal Chai Ren, University of Utah Justin Scott, Testing of Irradiated Materials Principal Editor; Department Advanced Characterization, Testing, ICME-Based Design and Optimization of Head, Research, Engagement, and Simulation Committee; Nuclear Materials for Additive Manufacturing Data, and Information Materials Committee Additive Manufacturing Committee; Maureen Byko, Dhriti Bhattacharyya, Australian Nuclear Science ICME Committee Editor and Technology Organization Jing Zhang, Indiana University-Purdue University Fan Zhang, National Institute of Standards Shirley A. Litzinger, and Technology Production Editor Peter Hosemann, University of California Berkeley Edward D. Herderick, Industrial Editor Bauxite to Aluminum: Advances, Automation, JOM: The Magazine and Alternative Processes Lynne Robinson, Aluminum Committee; Hydrometallurgy Department Head, Strategic and Electrometallurgy Committee Communications and Outreach David S. Wong, University of Auckland Hong Peng, University of Queensland Kaitlin Calva, Magazine Managing Editor Cheryl M. Geier, About JOM: Senior Graphic Designer The scope of JOM (ISSN 1047-4838) encompasses publicizing news about TMS and its members and stakeholder communities while publishing meaningful peer-reviewed materials science and engineering content. Contributing Writers Ashley-Anne Bohnert, That content includes groundbreaking laboratory discoveries, the effective transition of science into technology, Outreach and External innovative industrial and manufacturing developments, resource and supply chain issues, improvement and Communications Lead innovation in processing and fabrication, and life-cycle and sustainability practices. In fulfilling this scope,JOM Ann Ritchie, strives to balance the interests of the laboratory and the marketplace by reporting academic, industrial, and Technical Communications government-sponsored work from around the world. Specialist About TMS: Kelly Zappas, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) is a professional organization that encompasses the entire range Membership News and of materials and engineering, from minerals processing and primary metals production to basic research and the Communications Lead advanced applications of materials. Graphics Support David Rasel, Publishing Information: Media Manager JOM is an official publication of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and is owned by the Society. Bob Demmler, TMS has granted Springer the exclusive right and license to produce, publish, archive, translate, and sell JOM Graphic Designer throughout the world. Publication Frequency: 12 issues per year. Advertising Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY, 10013-1578, USA Contact [email protected] JOM articles from 1949 to the present are archived at http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/11837. for information. Secure Copyright Permission: Submit permission requests at http://www.springer.com/rights?SGWID=0-122-12-372399-0 Postmaster: Send address changes to: JOM, Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY and additional mailing offices. Table of Contents

JOM, Vol. 72, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03935-5 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society LQWKHÀQDODQDO\VLV JO Volume 72 “In a short time, this will be a long time ago.” —Observation in the movie Slow West Number 1

January 2020

Having spent much of my professional career in the employ of TMS, I frequently marvel at how the annual cycles of membership, meetings, publications, and myriad other activities seem to turn faster with each passing year. It seems like only yesterday that we returned from San Antonio for TMS2019, yet in just a few weeks we leave for TMS2020 in San Diego. Time is not constant in TMS terms. Time has been much on my family’s mind in recent weeks as we have been going through the KRXVHKROGVWRUHURRPVHSDUDWLQJZKDWXVHGWREHZKHDWIURPZKDWLVQRZFKD൵DVWUDQVPXWHG over decades of entombment. Among the abandoned treasures that once seemed so important to preserve: Books that I have not opened in more than 40 years—they have been either boxed DQGER[HGDQGER[HG DQGGRQDWHGRUVWRUHGPRUHORYLQJO\RQQHZVKHOYHVLQP\R൶FHDW least a tonne of homemade VHS recordings of my favorite movies that have been replaced and re-replaced in turn by commercial videotapes, laser discs, DVDs, Blu-Rays, and, ultimately, I KRSHVWUHDPLQJVHUYLFHV²WKH\ZHUHVHQWWRWKHLU¿QDOUHZLQGLQWKHWUDVKJHQHUDWLRQVRISDSHU James J. Robinson records and documents—these were parsed and piled for many coming weekends of lengthy Executive Director shredding sessions. It was an interesting mix of dull drudgery and dusty nostalgia. @JJRofTMS Among the more interesting artifacts unearthed during the household archeology was a paper with rusty staples from my graduate school days almost 30 years ago. My master’s degree is in corporate communication from Pittsburgh’s Duquesne University, and I earned it over two years “It felt profoundly while attending night school, having a full-time day job with TMS to otherwise keep me busy. While I rarely slept, I was savvy to certain opportunities to serve all masters concurrently. For new and portended example, I focused my school work whenever practical on projects that might be applicable to TMS—it was one of my ways to give back. My re-found paper was dated March 1991 (pre- to us that member Internet days) and comprised a proposal for TMS to employ hypertext and telnet (a telephone service would never network) to create a service called TMS OnLine. To quote: “The service would be fee-free to the user-members and nonmembers alike. TMS Online could be be the same.” operational within eight months after approval of the concept and funding. In addition to being a member service, TMS Online should increase meeting registration and publication sales. It will also be a useful information/customer service tool for the headquarters staff, and it will be invaluable in the development of specialized marketing lists. If successful, the service could be expanded in other ways that would offer greater member service, directly generate income, and enhance society prestige as a leader in the ﬁeld of association management for materials science and engineering.” ,VXEVHTXHQWO\VXEPLWWHGWKHFODVVSDSHUWRVWD൵OHDGHUVKLSDQGWZR\HDUVODWHULWZDVXS and running within TMS. It was a text-only interface and quite primitive by today’s standards. We had a phone number rather than a URL or domain name. Still, you could get Society www.tms.org news, publication abstracts, and meeting information with searchability and immediacy. It EST. 1995 is all described in my October 1993 JOM article, “Introducing TMS OnLine: An Interactive Electronic Gateway to Information Dissemination” (SpringerLink). It felt profoundly new and portended to us that member service would never be the same. It wasn’t. Less than two years This commemorative pin celebrating 25 years later, TMS OnLine would migrate from the telnet platform to the new Worldwide Web protocol, of www.tms.org will be and we’ve been in the mode of continuous improvement ever since. available to all attendees 0DQ\WDOHQWHGDQGFRPPLWWHGSHRSOH²YROXQWHHUVDQGVWD൵²KDYHZRUNHGRQHYHU\DVSHFW at the TMS 2020 Annual Meeting & Exhibition RIWKH6RFLHW\¶VYLUWXDOL]DWLRQRYHUDOORIWKHVH\HDUVDQG,¶PGHOLJKWHGWRVHHWKHLUH൵RUWV (TMS2020) in February. succinctly recognized at next month’s TMS2020 with the issuance of a commemorative pin to all attendees. It simply recognizes the 25th anniversary of www.tms.org. In associations and otherwise, corporate communication has never been the same, and it has never been better. 1 Table of Contents

JOM, Vol. 72, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03936-4 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society In Case You Missed It: Business News from the Field

JO Corbec Breaks Ground New Process themagazine on Ontario Plant Manufactures AlScN Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: Freiberg, Germany: 6FLHQWLVWVDW Corbec Inc. began construction of its WKH)UDXQKRIHU,QVWLWXWHIRU$SSOLHG ¿UVWJDOYDQL]LQJSODQWLQ2QWDULR,W 6ROLG6WDWH3K\VLFV,$)DUHWKH¿UVW ZLOOSURYLGHKRWGLSJDOYDQL]LQJRI WRVXFFHVVIXOO\XVHPHWDORUJDQLF VWHHOSURGXFWVWKDWLQFOXGHHQJLQHHUHG FKHPLFDOYDSRUGHSRVLWLRQ 02&9' WR VWUXFWXUHVVXFKDVEULGJHVZLQGPLOOV PDQXIDFWXUHDOXPLQXPVFDQGLXPQLWULGH WRZHUVIHQFLQJDQGIDUPLQJHTXLSPHQW $O6F1 $OXPLQXPVFDQGLXPQLWULGHLV Do you havve business 7KHVTXDUHIRRWSODQWLVH[SHFWHG DSURPLVLQJPDWHULDOIRULWVSRWHQWLDOXVH LQWUDQVLVWRUVUHTXLUHGIRUGDWDWUDQVIHU orr inddustrt y neewsw of WRSURGXFHPLOOLRQSRXQGVDQQXDOO\ &RUEHFZLOOFRPSOHWHWKHPLOOLRQ VDWHOOLWHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVDQGUDGDU interest to the mim nerar ls, SURMHFWE\WKHHQGRI V\VWHPVDQGFRXOGR൵HUDQDOWHUQDWLYHWR mettalls, and mam tterials WKHXVHRIVLOLFRQLQWKHVHGHYLFHV8QWLO Researchers Develop QRZUHVHDUFKHUVKDYHEHHQFKDOOHQJHGWR community?y Subbmim t New Polymer Units SURGXFH$O6F1RQDVFDOHODUJHHQRXJK yoy urr announcement Newark, Delaware, USA:: $WHDPIURP IRULQGXVWULDODSSOLFDWLRQV WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI'HODZDUHDQG8QLYHUVLW\ orr press release to RI3HQQV\OYDQLDZLWKSULPDU\VXSSRUW Dow Offers New Silicon- Kaitlil n Calvva, IURPWKH86'HSDUWPHQWRI(QHUJ\ Polyethylene Hybrid JOOM Maggazine %LRPROHFXODU0DWHULDOV3URJUDPFUHDWHG Midland, Michigan, USA:: 'RZ,QF DQHZIXQGDPHQWDOXQLWRISRO\PHUV LQWURGXFHGDVLOLFRQHSRO\HWK\OHQH Maanagingg Edid toor,r at WKDWFRXOGOHDGWRWKHGLVFRYHU\RIQHZ K\EULGWHFKQRORJ\FDOOHG$03/,)< kcalvav @@tmss.orgg foro PDWHULDOV³%XQGOHPHUV´DUHDVHULHVRI 6L6LOLFRQH(QKDQFHG3RO\PHU6\VWHPV QDQRVFRSLFF\OLQGHUVHDFKPDGHRIIRXU 6(36 WKDWLPSURYHVSURGXFW consideration. SHSWLGHVZKLFKDUHOLQNHGHQGWRHQG SHUIRUPDQFHDQGXVHVUHF\FOHGSODVWLF E\FRQWUROOHGFKHPLFDOUHDFWLRQV7KH 7KHQHZPDWHULDOLVH[SHFWHGWRDOORZ EXQGOHPHUFKDLQVDUHULJLGFXVWRPL]DEOH DYDULHW\RIUHF\FOHGSODVWLFVWREHXVHG PROHFXOHVWKDWFDQEHPRGL¿HGZLWKRWKHU LQZRRGFRPSRVLWHPDQXIDFWXULQJ FRPSRQHQWVWRFUHDWHQHZQDQRPDWHULDOV SURFHVVHVUHGXFHWKHFDUERQIRRWSULQW VXFKDVKLJKSHUIRUPDQFH¿EHUVDQG DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJ ELRORJLFPHGLFLQHV SURFHVVDQGGLYHUWPRUHSODVWLFVIURP ODQG¿OOV7KH¿UVW6(36SURGXFWLVD ZRRGSODVWLFFRPSRVLWHGHVLJQHGIRU GHFNLQJ

Saudi Aramco Held Initial Public Offering Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: 7KH6DXGL $UDELDQ2LO&RPSDQ\ 6DXGL$UDPFR EHFDPHDSXEOLFO\WUDGHGFRPSDQ\RQ WKH6DXGL6WRFN([FKDQJHDWWKHHQGRI 7KHRLOJLDQWLVFRQVLGHUHGDPRQJ WKHPRVWSUR¿WDEOHFRPSDQLHVLQWKH ZRUOGZLWKDYDOXHRIDERXWWULOOLRQ Palo Alto, California, USA: In addition to its stainless-steel exterior, Tesla's 7KHDFWLRQLVSDUWRIDQRYHUDOOJRDOWR new Cybertruck features a marble-like interior dashboard that is actually made UHGXFHWKHFRXQWU\¶VGHSHQGHQF\RQRLO from paper composite materials. While paper composites are typically used DQGGLYHUVLI\LWVHFRQRP\2YHUDOO6DXGL in industrial kitchens, labs, and fabrication shops, their use in the Cybertruck marks the material's ﬁrst appearance in mass-produced vehicles. The truck, $UDPFRKRSHVWRJURZLWVVXVWDLQDELOLW\ which made its debut in November 2019, is slated for production in 2021. DQGORZHULWVFOLPDWHLPSDFWWKURXJK (Photo courtesy of Tesla.) OHYHUDJLQJWHFKQRORJ\DQGLQQRYDWLRQ 2 Table of Contents

JOM, Vol. 72, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03937-3 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Celebrating 50 Years of Metallurgical and Materials Transactions

Kelly Zappas

The year 2020 marks 50 years of and lightweight magnesium systems publishing for the Metallurgical and to foundational materials such as steel, Materials Transactions (MMT) journals, superalloys, aluminum, titanium, and a pair of highly respected, peer-reviewed composites,” said Pollock. archival journals covering metallurgy and Of particular importance, she noted, “are materials science. During the lifespan the contributions of technical leaders in of these publications, there have been a RXU¿HOGWRWKHIXQGDPHQWDOXQGHUVWDQGLQJ QXPEHURIFKDQJHVLQWKH¿HOGUHÀHFWHG of mechanical properties, materials in adjustments to the journal’s format and processing, and physical metallurgical Tresa Pollock title, but one thing has remained constant: phenomena.” The research reported in the the publication of high-quality, high- MMT journals has supported a broad range impact articles that have helped to move of industries internationally, she said, WKH¿HOGDQGLWVWHFKQRORJLHVIRUZDUG through advances in materials processing, LQFOXGLQJVROLGL¿FDWLRQDQGFDVWLQJ The Impact of Metallurgical and friction stir processing, continuous casting, Materials Transactions Over Time deformation processing, and welding. Tresa Pollock, who took over as Pollock is the Alcoa Professor, Materials principal editor for the journals in 2016, Department, University of California, noted several areas where they have been Santa Barbara. Along with her graduate SDUWLFXODUO\LQÀXHQWLDOLQWKHGHFDGHVVLQFH VWXGHQWVVKHKDVSXEOLVKHGSDSHUVLQ WKH¿UVWMRXUQDOZDVSXEOLVKHGLQ the journal throughout her career. “MMT has impacted all classes of “It has served as an important outlet metallic materials, from emerging for my research across a number of areas, materials such as high-entropy alloys particularly for nickel-based alloys and

A Brief History of the Metallurgical and Materials Transactions Journals First published in January 1970 as Metallurgical MMTA is published monthly and focuses on the Transactions, the MMT journals began as a merger of latest research in all aspects of physical metallurgy the Transactions of The Metallurgical Society of AIME— and materials science, and explores relationships published by TMS’s parent society the American Institute of among processing, structure, and properties of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME)— materials. MMTB is published bimonthly and focuses and the Transactions Quarterly of the American Society for on the processing science and engineering of metals Metals, published by ASM International. and materials. In 1975, the journal was split into two sections: By logging in to the Access Member Beneﬁts Metallurgical Transactions A and Metallurgical Transactions website at members.tms.org, TMS members can read B. Then in 1994, the journals’ titles expanded to both current and archived issues of MMTA and MMTB encompass “materials” in addition to metallurgy, bringing (click on “Read Journals”), as well as the archived them to the journals that we know today: Metallurgical and content of its predecessor, AIME Transactions, Materials Transactions A (MMTA) and Metallurgical and published from 1871 to 1970 (click on “Access the Materials Transactions B (MMTB). AIME Digital Library”).

3 Table of Contents

4 Zappas

magnesium alloys,” she said. “All of our planned for the collection. Articles will UHVHDUFKRQVLQJOHFU\VWDOVROLGL¿FDWLRQ appear in issues throughout the year and of superalloys, relevant to aircraft engine will be organized online in one location turbine blades, has been published in for each journal. Examples of topics to be MMTA. This is the venue for this area of covered include additive manufacturing, research.” high throughput materials science, in- situ synchrotron studies of materials, Anniversary Collection data science and materials imaging, Planned for 2020 nanocrystalline materials, continuous To celebrate the many important FDVWLQJJUDLQUH¿QHPHQWLQVROLGL¿FDWLRQ technical advances that have occurred over and electrochemical materials processing. WKHSDVW¿YHGHFDGHVWKHMMT journals When the articles become available, will publish a special 50th anniversary TMS members will be able to read collection this year that will highlight them by logging in to www.tms.org/ recent progress, current status, and future Journals and clicking on the MMTA GLUHFWLRQVLQVFLHQWL¿FDUHDVLPSRUWDQWWR or MMTB journal cover. From there, WKH¿HOGWRGD\ choose “Browse Volumes & Issues,” Approximately 30 invited articles are select the “Topical Collections” tab, and choose “Metallurgical and Materials Transactions 50th Anniversary Highly Cited Articles from the Last 20 Years Collection” from the list. To demonstrate the diversity of science and technology addressed by the Metallurgical and Materials Transactions journals over the years, Publish Your Work in Principal Editor Tresa Pollock provides the following examples of highly Metallurgical and Materials cited articles published in Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Transactions in 2020 (MMTA) and Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B (MMTB) from Join in the celebration of MMT’s the last 20 years: anniversary year by submitting your • “Recent Metallic Materials for Biomedical Applications,” latest research to one of the journals. M. Niinomi, MMTA, March 2002 The MMT journals aim to advance the • “The Effectiveness of Hot Isostatic Pressing for Closing Porosity basic understanding of the relationships in Titanium Parts Manufactured by Selective Electron Beam among structure across all length scales, Melting,” Samuel Tammas-Williams et al., MMTA, May 2016 physical and mechanical properties, • “Precipitation and Hardening in Magnesium Alloys,” Jian-Feng and processing of materials, examined Nie, MMTA, November 2012 via theory, experiments, advanced characterization, data-driven and machine • “Microstructure Characterization of AlxCoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy learning approaches, and validated Alloy System with Multiprincipal Elements,” C.J. Tong et al., MMTA, April 2005 modeling. “We do not prescribe the length or • “A Review of Very-High-Temperature Nb-Silicide-Based format of papers, instead aiming for depth Composites,” B.P. Bewlay et al., MMTA, October 2003 and quality,” said Pollock. “Our editorial • “The Modiﬁed Quasichemical Model I - Binary Solutions,” A.D. model is based on multiple, rigorous peer Pelton et al., MMTB, August 2000 reviews.” • “Derivation and Variation in Composition-Dependent Stacking To submit your paper, go to www.tms Fault Energy Maps Based on Subregular Solution Model in High- .org/Journals and click on the “Submit an Manganese Steels,” A. Saeed-Akbari et al., MMTA, December Article” link for MMTA or MMTB. 2009 Recent improvements in journal • “The Evolution of Al-Li Base Products for Aerospace and Space processes are speeding up publication Applications,” Roberto J. Rioja and John Liu, MMTA, September times, and the journals’ impact factors 2012 continue to rise, making it a better time • “An Integrated Study on the Evolution of Inclusions in EH36 than ever to publish in the MMT journals. Shipbuilding Steel with Mg Addition: From Casting to Welding,” “We are excited about the dynamic Xiaodong Zou et al., MMTB, April 2018 range of topics being addressed by the TMS members can read any of these articles by logging in to www. MMT community and will tms.org/Journals and clicking “Read This Journal” for MMTA or MMTB. continue to pursue high- JO Members can read online articles published from 1975 to the present. quality, high-impact research,” themagazine said Pollock. Table of Contents

JOM, Vol. 72, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03938-2 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

Ann Ritchie

The Materials Science & Technology 2019 (MS&T19) “The highway bridge codes in the USA and Canada conference once again established and strengthened require a design life of 75 years and the discussions are connections among professionals and continued to underway to increase this to 100 years. A 100-year lifetime extend learning opportunities to students and early career is not something most engineers think about when we’re professionals. More than 2,800 attendees traveled to making a product, but that is what we’re faced with,” Portland, Oregon, from September 29–October 3, to Hansson said. participate in lectures, short courses and tutorials, a poster A common reinforcement material of many highway session, committee and business meetings, student events, bridges is carbon steel rebar, but it is vulnerable to harsh and numerous networking and social events. The MS&T19 weather. For example, de-icing salts applied to icy bridges Exhibit Hall also featured 80 companies with a footprint of carry destructive chlorides through the concrete to destroy more than 10,000 square feet. WKHSDVVLYH¿OPRQWKHFDUERQVWHHOUHEDU7KLVLQWHUDFWLRQ As always, the conference’s high-quality technical leads to corrosion and distress on the concrete. The speaker programming allowed attendees to browse across their QRWHGWKDWVWDLQOHVVVWHHOUHEDUR൵HUHGDQREYLRXVEXWFRVWO\ interests to explore structure, properties, processing, and VROXWLRQ³6WDLQOHVVVWHHOLQFRQFUHWHFDQZLWKVWDQGDERXW performance in a technical program encompassing 12 six times the amount of chlorides.” WRSLFDUHDVIURP¿YHRIWKHOHDGLQJPDWHULDOVVRFLHWLHVWKH Hansson suggested using rebar made from a grade American Ceramics Society (ACerS), ASM International, of stainless steel that does not contain molybdenum to the Association for Iron & Steel Technology (AIST), and lower costs. Although molybdenum is an alloy used to TMS, with NACE International serving as a conference co-sponsor. The Tuesday morning plenary session featured three speakers selected by each of the MS&T sponsoring societies. Carolyn Hansson, professor of materials engineering at the University of Waterloo, Canada and the 2019 TMS/ASM Joint Distinguished Lecturer in Materials and Society, presented a talk on the longevity of highway bridges titled, “The Challenge of the 100 Year Service-life Requirement.” Looking Ahead: MS&T20 TMS is currently planning Materials Science & Technology 2020 (MS&T20) with partnering societies ACerS and AIST and programming partner NACE. Having already gained a 10% increase in symposia proposals over 2019, the 2020 iteration will continue its tradition of innovation and collaboration October James Foley (left), 2019 TMS president, and David Furrer 4–8, 2020, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Abstracts (right), ASM immediate past president, present Carolyn Hansson (center) with the 2019 ASM/TMS Distinguished for MS&T20 are due March 15, 2020. For more Lectureship in Materials and Society award after her information and to submit your work, visit presentation at the Tuesday morning plenary session at www.matscitech.org/MST20. MS&T19. 5 Table of Contents

6 Ritchie

enhance resistance to corrosion, implementing good quality in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, control of bridges would help protect the rebar in a benign Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and Wolfgang Bleck, HQYLURQPHQWWKDWFRQFUHWHQDWXUDOO\R൵HUV&UDFNVLQWKH chair of the Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, IEHK concrete allow the chloride from de-icing salts to enter the Steel Institute, RWTH Aachen University. Tomozawa concrete quickly, which speeds corrosion. Her research presented the ACerS Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture LQFOXGHGFUDFNHGFRQFUHWHVWXGLHVXVLQJGL൵HUHQWJUDGHV WLWOHG³*ODVVDQG:DWHU)DVW6XUIDFH5HOD[DWLRQ´DQG of stainless-steel rebar, where the concrete was exposed to Bleck presented the AIST Adolf Martens Memorial Steel multi-chloride brine. Lecture titled, “The Fascinating Variety of New Manganese The plenary also featured Minoru Tomozawa, professor Alloyed Steels.”

How to Make the Most of Internships Conversations flowed during the Curricular 2. Encourage Students to Find Mentors Who Innovations and Continuous Improvements of May or May Not Be You Academic Programs (and Satisfying ABET along the • For Employers: “If the student seems to be Way): The Elizabeth Judson Memorial Symposium— struggling with what you’ve assigned, seek out Improving Materials Education session. The Judson another professional to step in and try to help. symposium is organized every year by the TMS Learning styles vary between students, and Accreditation and Education Committees. The sometimes someone with a different mentoring Mentoring Best Practices for Interns: Panel Discussion approach may be effective for the student.” —Rachel offered advice to employers on giving students Seibert, Oak Ridge National Laboratory hands-on learning experiences. With forethought and • For Students: “Prepare an elevator speech about planning, internships may be productive and mutually your work and interests. You never know when you beneficial for both the student and the professional may wind up standing next to a prospective mentor overseeing the work. or future employer.” —Jonathan Zimmerman, Sandia The talented panel offered the following advice to both National Laboratories (moderator) employers and students: 3. Value the Student’s Mistakes, Mishaps, and 1. Have a Plan That Enables Interns to Dead Ends as Part of the Learning Process Visualize Results • For Employers: “Invest time up front to determine • For Employers: “Have something tangible to the student’s baseline knowledge. Interns may which they can apply themselves when they be reticent to admit where they may have gaps in arrive, but also help them to see the breadth knowledge or skill, but it’s worth your time to figure it of opportunities that are available.” —Clarissa out. Their output will be better if interns have a firm Yablinsky, Los Alamos National Laboratory understanding of what they’re doing from the start.” • For Students: “Too often internship work is a stop —Chris San Marchi, Sandia National Laboratories gap and not interesting. Learn about the institution • For Students: “Some of the best advice I received first before accepting a position. The better as an intern was, ‘Either focus on exactly what you programs will be well-defined, with a statement of want to do for the rest of your life or try something work and a problem to solve. The best will provide completely new and interesting where you can apply mentoring and the opportunity to contribute to a your skills.’ Many industries and labs are looking for project that produces an outcome for the broad students who have a skill set and the ability to apply organization.” —Paul Prichard, Kennametal it, and not necessarily those students who have a narrow focus.” —Yablinsky

The Mentoring Best Practices for Interns panel discussion included (left to right): Rachel Seibert, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Paul Prichard, Kennametal; Chris San Marchi, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL); Garritt Tucker, Colorado School of Mines; Clarissa Yablinsky, Los Alamos National Laboratory; and moderator Jonathan Zimmerman, SNL. Not pictured: Bill Clark, Intel. Table of Contents

MS&T19: Materials Meetup in Portland 7

Scenes of MS&T

A word, please? TMS members stepped up to the challenge of distilling membership beneﬁts into one word during a photo opportunity in the TMS Member Lounge. On the left: “new beginnings”; on the right: “dynamic.”

Attendees had a chance to connect with representatives from 80 companies over three days in the MS&T19 Exhibit Hall. Special events included competitions for students and an Exhibitor Networking Reception, where attendees enjoyed refreshments while making important business contacts.

Akane Suzuki (right), from GE Global Research and the 14th International Symposium on Superalloys organizing committee, presents the 2020 International Symposium on Superalloys Scholarship to Kyle Ventura (left). Ventura, a Ph.D. candidate in materials science and engineering at the University of Florida, is passionate about understanding the root cause of materials performance, and how to change the structure to improve performance. “After earning my Ph.D., I plan to go into industry. I want to be able to apply my education to make a substantial impact in the alloy development and materials selection team of a company. In the long term, I would like to be able to return to academia and teach future materials scientists and engineers about alloy development and how superalloys developed, as well as where they’re going in the future,” Ventura said.

Hannah Walker (left), a materials science and engineering major at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, receives the 2020 International Symposium on Superalloys Scholarship from Suzuki (right). Walker chose to study materials science for its broad applications. “TMS and Material Advantage have been crucial in helping me explore my academic interests and connect with fellow students and professionals within the materials discipline. I am very grateful to the TMS International Symposium on Superalloys Committee—this scholarship is substantial in the accessibility of my education. After graduation, I’m looking to pursue a graduate degree in materials science and engineering to further broaden my impact in the ﬁeld,” Walker said. Table of Contents

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Down the Road and Back Again: Career Advice for Young Professionals Mentoring for early career professionals continued but also expanded into course development and grant at the TMS Young Professional Tutorial Luncheon/ writing while further developing his management skills. Lecture featuring speaker Mark Asta, director of the Asta eventually nudged his career into an executive Materials Science Division at Lawrence Berkeley National role as a university administrator, while also returning Laboratory (LBNL) and professor of the Department to research in a director’s role at LBNL. At both of Materials Science and Engineering at University of workplaces, Asta finds fulfillment in mentoring and California, Berkeley. Asta’s presentation, “Perspectives advising students and early career professionals. “I feel from a Career Trajectory through the National Labs to compelled to give back to the organizations that gave Academia (and Back Again),” drew from his own deep and me my education along the way,” he said. diverse experiences that crossed national laboratories and This tutorial luncheon and lecture was organized by academia to discuss potential career path with students. the TMS Young Professionals Committee. The value of teamwork, both for interdisciplinary strengths and access to mentors and managers, proved to be important aspects of his career. “Good mentors will perceive leadership qualities in you and nurture them,” he said. His work at national laboratories taught him that “no challenge is too difficult; you just have to apply enough people and the right people to a problem.” Networking and professional societies became important to his career growth as an early career scientist. He also discussed some of the difficult decisions along the way, including the choice to leave a coveted position as staff scientist at Sandia National Laboratories in 2000 Mark Asta (standing) presents “Perspectives from a Career to pursue a tenured faculty position at Northwestern Trajectory through the National Labs to Academia (and Back University. Again)” as the featured speaker at the Young Professional At universities he not only developed his teaching role Tutorial Luncheon/Lecture on Tuesday, October 1.

TMS Members Honored at MS&T19 (Assembled by Carol Matty) TMS applauds its members who received recognition at MS&T19 for outstanding contributions to their ﬁelds from the American Ceramic Society (ACerS) and ASM International.

Henry Marion Howe Medal J. Willard Gibbs Phase Peter C. Collins, Iowa State Equilibria Award University Patrice E.A. Turchi, ACerS 2019 Honors 2019 ASM International Lawrence Livermore Awards Dinner Hamish L. Fraser, The Ohio and Awards Banquet State University National Laboratory Monday, September 30 Tuesday, October 1 Santhosh Koduri, Intel Bronze Medal Award 2019 Class of Fellows 2019 Class of Fellows Corporation Danielle L. Cote, Worcester Kristen H. Brosnan, GE Global Ravi Chandran, University of Utah Polytechnic Institute Research Center Henry Clifton Sorby Award Hanchen Huang, University of Helmut Clemens, University of Dharma Maddala, Xingbo Liu, West Virginia University North Texas Leoben Arconic Davenport Works Du-Co Ceramics Young Walter W. Milligan Jr., Michigan Alpha Sigma Mu Lecturer Silver Medal Award Professional Award Technological University Diana A. Lados, Worcester Cong Wang, Northeastern Surojit Gupta, University of North Raul B. Rebak, GE Global Polytechnic Institute University, China Dakota Research Center TMS/ASM Distinguished Gold Medal Award Robert L. Coble Award Jeffrey M. Rickman, Lehigh Lectureship in Materials and David N. Seidman, for Young Scholars University Society Northwestern University Jessica A. Krogstad, University of John P. Shingledecker, Electric Honorary Membership Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Carolyn M. Hansson, University Power Research Institute of Waterloo, Canada Gregory B. Olson, W. David Kingery Award Northwestern University James A. Warren, National Sanjay Sampath, Stony Brook Bradley Stoughton Award for Institute of Standards and University Young Teachers Technology Susan P. Gentry, University of 2019 Distinguished Life Member California, Davis Winnie Wong-Ng, National Institute of Standards and Technology Table of Contents

MS&T19: Materials Meetup in Portland 9

Sharing Experiences and Encouraging Progress: Diversity, Inclusion, and Intersectionality Broad issues in diversity and inclusion came to light need to commit to having tough conversations as well, in the Activating Allies: Navigating the Intersectional by applying faith and love in each other and “coming Landscape of Diversity & Inclusion—Abolishing the from a place of humility.” “Other”—How Intersectionality Challenges our Current Carol Handwerker, Purdue University, and Melissa Approaches to Inclusion of People of Minority Identity Reeves (who presented in place of her colleague session on Monday, September 30. The session was Shaik Jeelani), Tuskegee University, rounded out the sponsored by the TMS Diversity Committee. session with an exploration of a successful collaborative Decatur Foster, Portland State University, presented fellowship program between Purdue University and “Ally, Advocate, Accomplice: How Both Knowledge and Tuskegee University in their talk, “Building Sustainable Action are Vital to Creating Inclusivity within Science,” Partnerships between Historically Black Colleges and focused on “change the institution, not the student,” Universities (HBCUs) and Majority, Research-Intensive and encouraged attendees to stretch beyond simply Universities.” Handwerker and Reeves described expressing support for people from diverse backgrounds Sustainable Electronics, an action-based graduate and start taking action against disparities. “Similar to program funded by an NSF Integrative Graduate ‘alloy,’ the Latin root of ‘ally’ means ‘to bind.’ Finding Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) grant. The commonalities between each other is a positive step, collaboration included students from Purdue University, but to bring equity into the workplace, we need to move a major research university, and Tuskegee University, an from being an ally to becoming an accomplice who is HBCU, along with learning experiences with the Indian complicit in the action,” Foster said. Institute of Management in Udaipur, India, and the In their talk, “Way Beyond the Bird-Bee Binary: Why International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative (iNEMI) Diversity Can Be an Uncomfortable Topic, Who Needs electronics industry consortium. to Start the Conversation, and How to Do It Right,” K. The presentation explored what makes a lasting “KC” Cunningham, ATI Specialty Alloys & Components, collaboration that grows beyond one grant cycle and described how divisions in the workplace can exist in a showed that success is achieved with an emphasis variety of ways, from race and identity issues to blue- on the people, common goals of the programs and collar versus white-collar issues. Being active in ATI’s universities, and a mutual respect between the partners. workplace diversity council, KC discussed how to foster “This collaboration has been one of the most gratifying inclusion among diverse co-workers and conﬁded their things I have ever done, where I formed relationships personal struggles of having a non-traditional gender with new colleagues and was able to apply our talents identity. A workplace diversity council may help bridge above and beyond the call of duty,” Handwerker said. the divide by organizing events and activities that encourage dialogue and discussions between different groups. “You never know where someone is coming from until you talk about it,” KC said, adding that family units

Decatur Foster (left), Portland State University, and K. Cunningham (right), ATI Specialty Alloys & Components, both participated in the Activating Allies: Carol Handwerker, Purdue University, presents “Building Navigating the Intersectional Landscape Sustainable Partnerships between Historically Black of Diversity & Inclusion—Abolishing the Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and Majority, “Other”—How Intersectionality Challenges JO Research-Intensive Universities,” on Monday, Our Current Approaches to Inclusion of themagazine September 30, during MS&T19. People of Minority Identity session. Table of Contents

JOM, Vol. 72, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03939-1 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

LEARN FROM THE PAST FOR A SAFER TOMORROW: &5VIZMI[SJEJIX](SRKVIWWȶȉȶȉ Roland Moreau

New applications of 7KHNH\QRWHDQGSOHQDU\VHVVLRQVZLOOLQWURGXFH data and technologies are FRQFHSWVDQGSURYLGHFRQWH[WIRUWKHEUHDNRXWVHVVLRQV LQFUHDVLQJSUR¿WDELOLW\DQG ZKHUHDWWHQGHHVZLOOH[SORUHVDIHW\LVVXHVLQGHSWK7KURXJK SURGXFWLYLW\ZKLOHPDNLQJ FROODERUDWLRQDQGGLVFXVVLRQVZHZLOOOD\WKHJURXQGZRUN VDIHUZRUNSODFHV$FURVV WRSXWQHZEHVWSUDFWLFHVLQSODFHDVZHOODVWRH൵HFWLYHO\ industries, innovators are DYRLGSUHYLRXVFKDOOHQJHVWKDWVKRXOGEHOHIWLQWKHSDVW PLWLJDWLQJULVNVDQGXOWLPDWHO\ VDYLQJOLYHVE\SXWWLQJQHZ practices in place, such as the CROSS-SECTOR COLLABORATION XVHRIVWUXFWXUHGPDQDJHPHQW V\VWHPVWRLPSURYHSURFHVVHV 8LIGSQFMRIHIǺSVXWSJXLIJSPPS[MRKSVKERM^EXMSRW will provide attendees with unique networking and Roland Moreau DQGDXWRPDWLRQDQGURERWV learning experiences. WRUHPRYHZRUNHUVIURP GDQJHURXVVLWXDWLRQV7RMRLQWKHFRQYHUVDWLRQ,KRSH \RXSODQWRDWWHQGWKHLQDXJXUDO&RQJUHVVRQ6DIHW\LQ Sponsoring Societies: (QJLQHHULQJDQG,QGXVWU\ 6DIHW\&RQJUHVV WKDW LVVHWIRU-XQH±LQ3KLODGHOSKLD3HQQV\OYDQLD 6DIHW\&RQJUHVVLVWKH¿UVWFRPELQHGH൵RUWRI HLJKWSURIHVVLRQDOVRFLHWLHVDQGWKH1DWLRQDO$FDGHPLHV WRFROODERUDWHRQVDIHW\VXFFHVVHVDQGFKDOOHQJHVZLWK UHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURPHDFKRIWKHVHRUJDQL]DWLRQVDFWLYHO\

VHUYLQJRQWKHSURJUDPFRPPLWWHHWRSODQWKHHYHQW The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 7KH8QLWHG(QJLQHHULQJ)RXQGDWLRQDOVRKDVSURYLGHG WUHPHQGRXVVXSSRUWWRHQVXUHLWVVXFFHVV Co-Sponsoring Societies: 6SHDNHUVDUHUHFRJQL]HGH[SHUWVUHSUHVHQWLQJWKH FURVVVHFWLRQRIGLVFLSOLQHVRIWKHSDUWQHULQJVRFLHWLHV &RPPRQDOLWLHVDPRQJDOOVHFWRUVSUHVHQWDEDVLVIRURXU NH\QRWHWRSLFVDQGSOHQDU\VHVVLRQV7KH,PSRUWDQFH RI6DIHW\DQG9DOXHRI1HWZRUNLQJDFURVV6HFWRUV7KH 9DOXH3URSRVLWLRQIRU6DIHW\([HFXWLQJDQ(൵HFWLYH 5LVN0DQDJHPHQW3URJUDP7KH5ROHRI7HFKQRORJ\ ,QQRYDWLRQLQ,PSURYLQJ6DIHW\3HUIRUPDQFHDQG/HDGLQJ EJIX](SRKVIWWȶȉȶȉMWQEHI WKH)XWXUHRI6DIHW\E\/HDUQLQJIURPWKH3DVW possible with generous support JVSQXLI9RMXIH*RKMRIIVMRK Foundation.

10 Table of Contents

LEARN FROM THE PAST FOR A SAFER TOMORROW: A Preview of Safety Congress 2020 11

Why Safety, Why Now REGISTER TODAY )RUPDQ\\HDUVUHJXODWRUVKDYHUHTXLUHGUHSRUWLQJRI PDMRULQFLGHQWGDWDDQGPDQ\LQGXVWU\DVVRFLDWLRQVKDYH Congress Dates /YRIȶȦƳȶȏȶȉȶȉ KDGYDULRXVV\VWHPVIRUFROOHFWLQJDQGVKDULQJGDWDUHODWHG Location: Philadelphia Marriott Downtown, WRPDMRULQFLGHQWV*LYHQWKDWDOOLQGXVWULHVDUHVXEMHFW 5LMPEHIPTLME5IRRW]PZERME9& WRDFHUWDLQOHYHORIUHJXODWRU\UHTXLUHGVDIHW\LQFLGHQW UHSRUWLQJDZHDOWKRILQIRUPDWLRQLVDYDLODEOHVWHPPLQJ Discount Registration Deadline 2E]ȦȦȶȉȶȉ IURPQRQUHSRUWDEOHHYHQWVVXFKDVQHDUPLVVHVVWRSZRUN Housing Deadline 2E]ȶȟȶȉȶȉ VLWXDWLRQVDQGORZSUREDELOLW\KLJKFRQVHTXHQFHHYHQWV Space for this event will be limited. Complete your 0DQ\FRPSDQLHVKDYHJRRGLQWHUQDOV\VWHPVIRU registration early to take advantage of discounted FDSWXULQJDQGDQDO\]LQJWKHVHGDWDEXWIHZRSSRUWXQLWLHV rates. And don't forget to book your room at the Marriott KDYHEHHQSXUVXHGWRVKDUHWKHLUNQRZOHGJHEDVHGRQWKH for the most convenient access to programming, SHUFHSWLRQWKDWWKHFKDOOHQJHVIDFHGE\HDFKLQGXVWU\DUH networking, and other congress activities. XQLTXH0RVWSUDFWLFHVLQVDIHW\DQGULVNPDQDJHPHQWDUH www.safetycongress.org QRWSURSULHWDU\DQGVRWKH\PD\EHUHDGLO\VKDUHG 6XFFHVVIXODSSURDFKHVFDQEHDSSOLHGWRGL൵HUHQWLQGXVWU\ VHWWLQJVWRLPSURYHVDIHW\RYHUDOO$OOLQGXVWULHVIRUH[DPSOH YLFHSUHVLGHQWRIULVNDQDO\VLVDW+DUWIRUG6WHDP%RLOHU LPSOHPHQWSUDFWLFHVIRUSHUVRQQHODQGSURFHVVVDIHW\ULVN ,QVSHFWLRQDQG,QVXUDQFH&RPSDQ\.HQ%DONH\UHWLUHG DVVHVVPHQWDQGPDQDJHPHQWDQGWKHXVHRIPDQDJHPHQW GLUHFWRURI:HVWLQJKRXVH(OHFWULF&RPSDQ\¶V1XFOHDU V\VWHPVDQGGDWDDQDO\VLVWRJXLGHGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ,WLVDOVR (QJLQHHULQJ3URJUDP-RKQ*DPEDWHVHSURIHVVRURIFLYLO LPSRUWDQWWRSUHSDUHXQLYHUVLW\VWXGHQWVSULRUWRHQWHULQJWKH DQGFRQVWUXFWLRQHQJLQHHULQJDW2UHJRQ6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ ZRUNIRUFH%RWKDFDGHPLFVDQGSUDFWLWLRQHUVZLOOEULQJWKHLU 0LKDL'LDFRQHDVDDVVLVWDQWSURIHVVRURIQXFOHDUHQJLQHHULQJ SHUVSHFWLYHVWREHDUDW6DIHW\&RQJUHVV DW1RUWK&DUROLQD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\DQG0RKDPPDG3RXUJDO 7KLVHYHQWZLOOVKRZFDVHVDIHW\PDQDJHPHQWVXFFHVVHV 0RKDPDGVHQLRUVWD൵HQJLQHHUDW-RKQVRQ&RQWUROV,QF DGGUHVVFKDOOHQJHVDQGSURYLGHQHWZRUNLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHV 2WKHUEUHDNRXWVHVVLRQV²VXFKDV/HDGHUVKLS WRVKDUHH[SHULHQFHV7KHFURVVVHFWRUDXGLHQFHFUHDWHV 'HYHORSPHQW,QWHJUDWLRQRI6DIHW\LQ5HJXODWRU\ DQHZHQYLURQPHQWIRUGLVFXVVLQJFDVHVWXGLHVDQG )UDPHZRUNV,QFLGHQW,QYHVWLJDWLRQ,QWHUIDFLQJ:RUNHUV LGHQWLI\LQJDUHDVIRUFROODERUDWLRQRQVDIHW\LQLWLDWLYHVWKDW DQG0DFKLQHU\LQDQ,QGXVWULDO(QYLURQPHQW7KH5ROHRI IDOORXWVLGHWKHSDUWLFLSDQWV¶QRUPDOVSKHUHVRILQÀXHQFH 0RUH(൵HFWLYH'DWD0DQDJHPHQW5LVN,GHQWL¿FDWLRQDQG 7ROHUDQFHDQGPRUH²DUHGHWDLOHGLQWKH3URJUDPVHFWLRQ Anticipated Highlights RIWKHFRQJUHVVZHEVLWHDWZZZVDIHW\FRQJUHVVRUJ 3URPLQHQWVSHDNHUVZLOOVKDUHWKHLUSHUVSHFWLYHV LQFOXGLQJDVSHDNHUIURPWKH1DWLRQDO6DIHW\&RXQFLO¶V Make Your Plans &DPSEHOO,QVWLWXWHNH\UHJXODWRUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURPWKH &DQ\RXWKLQNRIDQLQGXVWU\ZKHUHVDIHW\LVQRW 2FFXSDWLRQDO6DIHW\DQG+HDOWK$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ 26+$ FRQVLGHUHGDKLJKSULRULW\",EHOLHYHWKDWDFKDOOHQJHIRU DQGWKH0LQH6DIHW\DQG+HDOWK$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ 06+$ PRVWLQGXVWULHVDQGFRPSDQLHVPD\EHKRZWRH൵HFWLYHO\ DQGXQLYHUVLW\IDFXOW\ OHDUQIURPWKHSDVW6R,DPKRSLQJWKDWWKLVHYHQW *LYHQ1$6$¶VH[SHUWLVHWRHQVXUHVDIHW\LQDOODVSHFWV ZLOODOORZSDUWLFLSDQWVWRHTXDOO\VKDUHVXFFHVVHVDQG RIVSDFHÀLJKWRXURSHQLQJNH\QRWHDGGUHVVZLOOEH FKDOOHQJHVZLWKWKHREMHFWLYHRIHYHU\RQHFROODERUDWLQJ GHOLYHUHGE\IRUPHUDVWURQDXW-LP:HWKHUEHHUHWLUHG86 DQGSDUWQHULQJWRPDNHWKHZRUNHQYLURQPHQWVDIHU 1DY\:HWKHUEHHKDVFRPPDQGHG¿YHVSDFHÀLJKWPLVVLRQV LQFOXGLQJDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\OHYHO6WDUWPDNLQJSODQVWRMRLQ DQGR൵HUVLQVLJKWVLQWRGDQJHURXVEXVLQHVVHV+HLVWKH WKLVFRQYHUVDWLRQE\YLVLWLQJZZZVDIHW\FRQJUHVVRUJIRU author of Controlling Risk—In A Dangerous World GHWDLOV7KHQHZ\HDULVDWLPHIRUFRPPLWPHQWVDQGIHZ &KULV+DUWZLOOGHOLYHUWKHGLQQHUNH\QRWHDGGUHVV+HLV DUHPRUHZRUWKZKLOHWKDQRQHWRVDIHW\ DIRUPHUPHPEHUDQGFKDLURIWKH1DWLRQDO7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ 6DIHW\%RDUG 176% FKDLURIWKH:DVKLQJWRQ0HWURUDLO Roland Moreau is the program chair of Safety Congress 6DIHW\&RPPLVVLRQDQGIRXQGHURI+DUW6ROXWLRQV//& 2020, a trustee on the board of the United Engineering +DUWZDVLQVWUXPHQWDOLQHVWDEOLVKLQJWKH$LUOLQH6DIHW\ Foundation, and retired safety, health, and environment 5HSRUWLQJ6\VWHP $656 manager in the Upstream Research, Gas & Power Marketing 7KHEUHDNRXWVHVVLRQRQ6DIHW\7KURXJK(QJLQHHULQJ and Upstream Ventures business units at ExxonMobil. 'HVLJQZLOOH[SORUHVDIHW\LQWKHGHYHORSPHQWDQG Moreau was also the 2018 president of the DSSOLFDWLRQRIQHZWHFKQRORJ\DQGZLOOEHPRGHUDWHG American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and E\5REHUW6LPVDVHQLRUHQJLQHHULQJIHOORZDW%HFKW Petroleum Engineers (AIME) and former board JO (QJLQHHULQJ7KHVHVVLRQ¶VSDQHOLVWVLQFOXGH*HQH)HLJHO director for the Society of Petroleum Engineers. themagazine Table of Contents

JOM, Vol. 72, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03940-8 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society GGainingaining GGloballobal PPerspectiveerspective aatt EEUROMATUROMAT 22019019 A TMS/FEMS International SScholarcholar RReporteport JenniferJennnifi err LL.W.W CCaCarterrtteerr

It was an honor to be selected by TMS as the 2019 TMS/Federation of European Materials Societies (FEMS) Young Leaders International Scholar. The TMS Foundation Jennifer Carter, 2019 TMS/FEMS Young Leaders SURYLGHG¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWIRUPHWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKH International Scholar, stands at the City Center the day European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials before EUROMAT 2019 technical sessions begin, admiring DQG3URFHVVHV (8520$7 KHOG6HSWHPEHU± murals depicting Swedish scenes of life. LQ6WRFNKROP6ZHGHQ7KLVELHQQLDOHYHQWEULQJV WRJHWKHUVFLHQWLVWVDQGHQJLQHHUVIURPDURXQG(XURSH DQG GLVFXVVHGWKHYDOLGLW\RIDVVXPSWLRQVIURPPRGHOVJOHDQHG EH\RQG WRGLVFXVVWKHUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWVLQWKH IURPVPDOOHUGDWDVHWVE\H[SDQGLQJWKHVHPRGHOVWRWKH PDWHULDOVFRPPXQLW\7KLV\HDU¶VSOHQDU\WDONVIRFXVHGRQ ODUJHUDOOR\GHVLJQVSDFHRI±ZW&UVWHHOVQHHGHGIRU WKHPDWHULDOVUHVHDUFKWKDWZLOOOHDGWRPRUHVXVWDLQDEOH advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) power plants. This societies: battery technologies, high-strength steels, and ZRUNZDVDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOH൵RUWUHO\LQJRQWKHFXOWLYDWLRQ ELRLQVSLUHGURERWLFV7KHWDONVDQGGLVFXVVLRQVOHIWPHZLWK DQGH[SORUDWLRQRIDGDWDEDVHIURP-DSDQDQGWKH1DWLRQDO KRSHDQGRSWLPLVPWKDWLIZHZRUNLQLQWHUQDWLRQDOWHDPVLW (QHUJ\7HFKQRORJ\/DERUDWRU\ 1(7/ DQGWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ is possible to solve our sustainability challenges even when RIFUHHSPRGHOVIURPWKH8QLWHG.LQJGRPDQG&KLQD4 the U.S. is reducing its focus on the topic (16% drop in U.S. Both talks were well-received and spurred interesting 'HSDUWPHQWRI(QHUJ\IXQGLQJIRUWKH¿VFDO\HDU 1 conversations on how to choose the appropriate data 7KLVRSSRUWXQLW\SURYLGHGPHDJOREDOSHUVSHFWLYHRQ DQDO\WLFWRRO LHFRQYHQWLRQDOELJGDWDVWDWLVWLFVRUDUWL¿FLDO RXU¿HOGWKDW,KDGQRWDSSUHFLDWHGIURPDWWHQGLQJ706 LQWHOOLJHQFH IRUVWXG\LQJDSDUWLFXODUVFLHQWL¿FHQJLQHHULQJ DQQXDOPHHWLQJV7KRXJKZHSULGHRXUVHOYHVRQEHLQJDQ question. LQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQ LQRIRXUPHPEHUVKLS 'XULQJP\WLPHDW(8520$7,DOVRSDUWLFLSDWHGLQ was non-U.S.),2,ZDVWDNHQDEDFNE\P\IHHOLQJVRIEHLQJ WKHVFKHGXOHGOXQFKWLPHGLVFXVVLRQVRQLVVXHVVXUURXQGLQJ DPLQRULW\RXWVLGHU,KDYHEHHQDQDFWLYHYROXQWHHUZLWK JHQGHULQFOXVLRQLQWKH¿HOGVRIPDWHULDOVVFLHQFH,KDG TMS since 2006, I understand how the Society works, always wondered if our European counterparts had it DQG,KDYHJRWWHQXVHGWRIHHOLQJOLNHDPHPEHURIDODUJHU “better,” as universal healthcare and paid paternity leave can FRPPXQLW\0\SDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ(8520$7DFWLYLWLHV PDNHLWVHHPOLNHD³JUHHQHUSDVWXUH´IRUJHQGHUHTXDOLW\ UHPLQGHGPHWKDWDWWKHQH[WFRQIHUHQFH,VKRXOGUHDFKRXW 7KHGLVFXVVLRQVOHIWPHZLWKWKHIHHOLQJWKDWWKHLVVXHV DQGVD\KHOORWRVRPHRQHQHZHYHU\GD\DQGQRWOLYHLQP\ surrounding the leaky pipeline and inclusion of gender RZQEXEEOHRILQÀXHQFH7KHH[SHULHQFHUHPLQGHGPHWKDW PLQRULWLHVDWDOOOHYHOVRIWKHSURIHVVLRQDUHDXQLYHUVDO WKHVXUSULVHPHHWLQJVLQWKHKDOOZD\GXULQJEUHDNVUHDOO\ issue. I left proud of the work that TMS and the Diversity DUHDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRGLVFXVVPXWXDOLQWHUHVWVDQGEXLOGQHZ &RPPLWWHHKDYHGRQHWRHQDEOHDQLQFOXVLYHHQYLURQPHQW collaborations. DW706DQQXDOPHHWLQJV706DQG)(06DUHQRWJRLQJWR I gave two talks at EUROMAT focused on the application VLQJOHKDQGHGO\FKDQJHSHUYDVLYHLVVXHVWKDWFDXVHZRPHQ of data science to integrate novel approaches to explore DQGPLQRULWLHVWROHDYHWKHSURIHVVLRQVEXWZHFDQFRQWLQXH WKHSK\VLFVRIPLFURVWUXFWXUDOHYROXWLRQZLWKWKHJRDOWR WRHQDFWFKDQJHDQGSROLFLHVWKDWSURPRWHDQLQFOXVLYH LQIRUPWKHGHVLJQRISURFHVVLQJURXWHVRIPHWDOVIRUH[WUHPH VRFLHW\,DPSURXGWREHDPHPEHURI706DQGZLOOFRQWLQXH HQYLURQPHQWV0\FRQWULEXWHGWDONSUHVHQWHGDQDOJRULWKP WRYROXQWHHUWRSURPRWHWKH6RFLHW\¶VVWUDWHJLFJRDOV for quantifying nanoscale precipitates in superalloy 718 (Editor’s note: For more details on the TMS strategic XVLQJKLJKUHVROXWLRQ6(0LPDJLQJ3 My invited talk goals, visit www.tms.org/StrategicGoals.) 12 Table of Contents

Gaining Global Perspective at EUROMAT 2019 A TMS/FEMS International Scholar Report 13

Gaining Global Carter (left) and her Perspective at husband, Robert (right), spent an afternoon at Drottningholm Palace, EUROMAT 2019 an exquisite example of separation of material form from function; all the facades in the palace were painted to look like marble, but were really wood and Scholar Report plaster replicates. ZLWKRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRH[SORUHKRZWKHPDWHULDOVRIRXUZRUOG have shaped our existence. The EUROMAT conference GLQQHUZDVKHOGDWWKH9DVD0XVHXPZKLFKKRXVHVWKH ZRUOG¶VEHVWSUHVHUYHGWKFHQWXU\VKLS,WVDQNRQLWV This 17th century Vasa ship, which Carter saw during PDLGHQYR\DJHEHFDXVHVKLSEXLOGHUVKDGQRWZRUNHGRXWWKH EUROMAT’s conference dinner at the Vasa Museum, is PHFKDQLFVRIVWDELOLW\IRUDGRXEOHGHFNHUVDLOLQJYHVVHO preserved with polyethylene glycol to replace the extracted 7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIPDWHULDOVDQGSURFHVVLQJWHFKQLTXHVWR water from the wooden timbers. It is kept in a climate- controlled room possible of maintaining constant temperature dry out and preserve this wooden vessel were fascinating, and humidity and has hundreds of visitors each day. ZKLOHWKHPLVVLQJPHWDODQGWH[WLOHFRPSRQHQWV OLNHDOO KLVWRULFDOSUHVHUYDWLRQSURMHFWV UHPLQGHGPHWKDWZLWKRXW 2IFRXUVHQRWUDYHOWRDQHZFLW\ZRXOGEHFRPSOHWH KXPDQLQWHUYHQWLRQWKHLQIUDVWUXFWXUHGHYHORSHGWRGD\ZLOO ZLWKRXWWDNLQJWKHWLPHWRH[SORUHORFDOFXOWXUHDQGKLVWRU\, QRWVXUYLYHWRPRUURZ ¿QGWKDWLQWHUQDWLRQDOWUDYHODOZD\VUHPLQGVPHWKDWWKH86 :HDOVRWRRNDIHUU\ULGHWR'URWWQLQJKROP3DODFHRQH H[SHULPHQWLQGHPRFUDF\KDVEHHQVKRUWRQDJOREDOSROLWLFDO RIWKHSULYDWHUHVLGHQFHVRIWKH6ZHGLVKUR\DOIDPLO\ VFDOH,Q6WRFNKROPWKHKLVWRU\WKDW,H[SHULHQFHGZDVULSH Though French architecture was the style in the 1600s for royal residences, the Swedish royal court was not as rich as the French court. Therefore, they faked the opulence of the French architecture and style by painting the walls DQGEDQLVWHUVLQWKHJUHDWKDOOWRORRNOLNHPDUEOH,WZDV DEHDXWLIXOH[DPSOHRIVWDJHPDJLFWRVHWWKHPRRGDQG Keep the Community Growing: DQH[DPSOHRIPDWHULDOVVHOHFWLRQWRVHSDUDWHIRUPIURP Give to the TMS Foundation function. Endnotes The TMS Foundation has given promising young scientists and engineers a chance to develop 1. “FY20 Budget Request: DOE Office of Science” (American important scientific collaborations across global Institute of Physics, 2019), https://www.aip.org/fyi/2019/fy20- budget-request-doe-office-science. Accessed 10 September 2019. cultures since 2006 through the TMS Young Leaders “Establishing Aspirations: The 2018 TMS Annual Report,” JOM, International Scholar program. In cooperation with 2. 71, 3759, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03818-9 the Japan Institute of Metals and Materials (JIM) 3. T.M. Smith, N.M. Senanayake, C.K. Sudbrack, P. Bonacuse, R.B. and the Federation of European Materials Societies Rogers, P. Chao, and J. Carter, “Characterization of Nanoscale (FEMS), the TMS Foundation has enabled early career Precipitates in Superalloy 718 using High-Resolution SEM professionals, selected by a competitive review of Imaging,” Materials Characterization, 148, 178, (2019). https://doi. their accomplishments, to travel to the JIM and FEMS org/10.1016/j.matchar.2018.12.018. annual meetings to present scientific papers and 4. A.K. Verma, J.A. Hawk, V. Romanov, and J.L.W. Carter, participate in learning and networking activities. “Predictions of Long-Term Creep Life for the Family of 9–12 wt% Make a gift to the TMS Foundation today to ensure Cr Matrensitic Steels,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, (2019). that this program and others continue to engage https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152417. future generations of professionals in their scientific community. Visit the TMS Foundation website at Jennifer L.W. Carter is an assistant professor in the www.TMSFoundation.org to learn more and make Department of Materials Science and Engineering an online contribution. For questions, contact TMS at Case Western Reserve University. She is also the JO Foundation staff at [email protected]. recipient of the 2014 Structural Materials Division themagazine Young Leaders Professional Development Award. Table of Contents

JOM, Vol. 72, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03941-7 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

JO TMS meeting headlines themagazine View all upcoming meetings online at www.tms.org/Meetings.

Other Meetings of Note OTC Asia 2020 February 23–27, 2020 March 24–27, 2020 San Diego Convention Center July 26–31, 2020 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Marriott Marquis & Marina The Ohio State University Offshore Technology San Diego, California, USA Columbus, Ohio, USA Conference (OTC 2020) Register Now! Discount Registration Deadline: May 4–7, 2020 www.tms.org/TMS2020 June 15, 2020 Houston, Texas, USA • John Mason of Solar Turbines www.tms.org/ICTP2020 The 11th International Incorporated will present “Leveraging • The 13th International Conference on Conference on Molten Materials Innovation to Drive Industrial the Technology of Plasticity (ICTP Slags, Fluxes and Salts Gas Turbine Performance and Secure a 2020) brings together colleagues across (Molten 2020) Sustainable Future” at the All-Conference industry, academia, and government May 25–29, 2020 Plenary on Monday, February 24. to discuss all aspects of metal forming Seoul, South Korea • Global speakers from Canada, New science and technology. The 5th International Zealand, Norway, and the U.S. will • Eight keynote speakers will present their Congress on 3D Materials discuss the next generation of technical latest improvements and innovations Science (3DMS 2020) talent at the Light Metals Keynote covering the focal points of global issues, June 28–July 1, 2020 simulation, materials, and innovation. Washington, D.C., USA session. • Attendees in most registration classes Learn more about the ICTP 2020 keynote The 12th International will receive free online access to eleven session, as well as honorary symposia Conference and proceedings volumes. planned for this conference, on the Workshop on Numerical Technical Program page of the website. Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes (NUMISHEET 2020) July 19–24, 2020 Toronto, Ontario, Canada June 21–24, 2020 October 4–8, 2020 The 14th International Philadelphia Marriott Downtown Symposium on Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA David L. Lawrence Convention Center Superalloys Discount Registration Deadline: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (Superalloys 2020) May 11, 2020 Abstract Submission Deadline: September 13–17, 2020 www.SafetyCongress.org March 15, 2020 Seven Springs, • Former NASA astronaut and U.S. Navy www.matscitech.org/MST20 Pennsylvania, USA captain Jim Wetherbee will deliver the • Materials Science & Technology 2020 12th International opening keynote, “Controlling Risk in a 06 7 R൵HUVDQLPSDFWIXOFURVV Conference on Dangerous World.” disciplinary showcase for your latest work Magnesium Alloys and • Speakers from Boeing, GE, IBM, and invaluable opportunities to network their Applications NASA, the National Institute of with colleagues. Be a part of one of the (Mg 2021) Standards and Technology, and more will most extensive MS&T technical programs June 15–18, 2021 discuss safety’s value proposition, risk yet. Submit your abstract to one of the Montreal, Quebec, Canada management, innovation, and lessons approximately 100 symposia planned for Materials in Nuclear learned in plenary talks each day followed MS&T20 by March 15, 2020. Energy Systems by breakout sessions with other experts. • Stay in the loop on MS&T20—sign up (MiNES 2021) • Stay at the Philadelphia Marriott to receive e-mail updates on technical September 19–23, 2021 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Downtown for convenient access to programming, registration, professional USA congress activities and sessions. Book by development courses, and other details at May 29, 2020, for the best rates. www.matscitech.org/MST20. 14 Table of Contents

JOM, Vol. 72, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03942-6 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society JO themagazine &ODVVLÀHGV

ASSISTANT OR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN MATERIALS Whether you are seeking a new job AND METALLURGICAL opportunity or needing to fill an open ENGINEERING position, the JOMM Job Board provides companies, academic institutions, and South Dakota School of other organizations with a valuable Mines and Technology resource to post and search for job openings. For $125 per column inch, A tenure-track faculty position at the Assistant or Associate level your ad can be posted, searched, is available in the Department of Materials and Metallurgical and viewed by thousands of qualified Engineering at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. candidates. Questions on placing a A Ph.D. in Metallurgical Engineering or a closely related discipline JOMM classified advertisement? is required at the time of appointment. The successful candidate is Contact: expected to teach undergraduate (B.S. Metallurgical Engineering), Doug Shymoniak, Advertising & Sales Specialist graduate courses (M.S. and Ph.D. in Materials Engineering and E-mail: Science), and sustain a strong sponsored research program. We [email protected] or invite candidates with interests in extractive metallurgical and [email protected] secondary (recycling) processing or related areas, though the Telephone: position is also open to candidates with other areas of interest. 1–724–814–3140 Individuals interested in this position must apply online at Toll-Free: http://www.sdsmt.edu/employmentp py . Human Resources can 1––800–759–4867, ext. 231 provide accommodation to the online application process and may be reached at (605) 394-1203. Review of applications will begin on January 13, 2020 and will continue until the position is filled. Employment is contingent upon completion of a satisfactory I’VE SPECIALIZED background investigation. FOR 40 YEARS in the placement of Metallurgical, SDSM&T is an EEO/AA/ADA employer & provider. Materials, and Welding Engineers in the areas of R&D, Q.C. Production, Sales Oppportunities for Recognition: & Marketing, nationwide. TMS Awards Program My background as a Met. Eng. can help you! Seeks Nominees Salaries to $190K. Help us to recognize excellence at all career levels and in Fees paid by Company. all technical areas of minerals, metals, and materials science Michael Heineman, and engineering. Nominations for TMS Society and Division awards are due April 1, 2020. Awardees will be recognized Meta-Find, Inc. at the TMS 2021 Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Phone: (212) 867-8100 E-mail: mikeh@meta-findny.com Learn which awards are accepting nominations at Web: www.meta-findny.com www.tms.org/Awards 15 Table of Contents

JOM, Vol. 72, No. 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03943-5 Ó 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society call for papers JO JOM is seeking contributions on the following topics for 2020. thejournal For the full Editorial Calendar, along with author instructions, visit www.tms.org/EditorialCalendar.

July 2020 this special topic is concerned with recycling of all types of Manuscript Deadline: February 1, 2020 silicon, silicon products, and silicon compounds including Topic: Characterization of Amorphous Materials silicon wafers, silicon poly chunk, IC grade, ingots, IC Scope: Characterization of amorphous materials is quite ÀDNHVHWF Editor: challenging as compared to their crystalline counterpart. Shadia Ikhmayies Sponsor: In this respect, this topic will include but is not limited to Recycling and Environmental Technologies Committee characterization of amorphous solids and possibly liquids using advanced analytical techniques such as electron Topic: Thermodynamic Modeling of Sustainable microscopy, x-ray radiation, thermal analyses, spectroscopy, Non-Ferrous Metals Production atom probe tomography, etc. Particular emphasis will Scope: Conventional metallurgical processes were be paid to less known characterization techniques used developed when complexity of resources and environmental IRUDPRUSKRXVPDWHULDOVVXFKDVÀXFWXDWLRQHOHFWURQ impacts were not issues. Today, these issues need to be microscopy/x-ray scattering. DGGUHVVHGWKURXJKGHVLJQLQJPRUHH൶FLHQWSURFHVVHVWKDW Editors: Yunus Eren Kalay, Rajiv Soman, and Zhiwei Peng enable a sustainable future. Papers covering experimental Sponsor: Materials Characterization Committee investigations, thermodynamic modeling, metallurgical SURFHVVRSWLPL]DWLRQUHVRXUFHH൶FLHQF\DQGHQYLURQPHQWDO Topic: Machine Learning Applications in Advanced issues, particularly those pertaining to non-ferrous Manufacturing Processes metallurgical processes, are invited. Manuscripts intended Scope: Machine learning holds tremendous promise for for a broad readership and review papers are especially revolutionizing modern manufacturing, from conventional encouraged. operations to new advanced manufacturing processes, Editors: Fiseha Tesfaye, Allie Anderson, and Mingming such as additive manufacturing. This special topic focuses Zhang on reducing waste, energy usage and carbon emissions, Sponsors: Process Technology and Modeling Committee and spurring innovation in materials development and and Recycling and Environmental Technologies Committee production. Advances in digital manufacturing, process control, predictive maintenance, and automation can be August 2020 realized by integration of data analytics and validated Manuscript Deadline: March 1, 2020 models to ensure product quality, optimize operations, Topic: Additive Manufacturing for Energy HQKDQFHSURGXFWLYLW\DQGLPSURYHH൶FLHQF\ Applications (By Invitation Only) Editors: Donna Guillen, Judy Schneider, and Srikanth Scope: This invited topic will feature manuscripts based Patala on experimental and computational approaches in the Sponsors: Energy Committee, Additive Manufacturing following topic areas Committee, and Computational Materials Science and • Processing-microstructure-property relationship of AM Engineering Committee fabricated materials for structural components in energy Topic: Recycling Silicon and Silicon Compounds sectors Scope: Silicon and silicon compound recycling is needed • In-situ sensor development and in-situ processing and for a cleaner and greener environment. These materials can characterization be reused in the manufacturing of solar cells and panels and • Advances in AM design methodologies, new material other industries such as electronic industries. The scope of designs and AM techniques 16 Table of Contents

call for papers 17

• Modeling and simulations for design of high- Topic: Metastable Phases and Phase Equilibria performance AM fabricated materials (By Invitation Only) • 4XDOL¿FDWLRQDSSURDFKHV Scope: Invited authors will provide original research • Economic advantages: Case studies submissions on next-generation alloys enabled by the design Only papers presented at the Additive Manufacturing for and control of metastable phases. In these alloys, outstanding Energy Applications II symposium at the TMS 2020 Annual properties are achieved through a combination of carefully Meeting & Exhibition will be considered for this topic. tailored chemical composition and thermal processing. Editor: Isabella van Rooyen Examples include metastable austenite in TRIP, TWIP and Sponsors: Additive Manufacturing Committee and Q&P steels, beta-stabilized titanium alloys, gamma double Nuclear Materials Committee prime precipitates in nickel superalloys, high entropy alloys, and spinodal decomposition during aging of aluminum alloys. Topic: Additive Manufacturing: Beyond the Beam Editors: Gregory Thompson, Raj Banerjee, Eric Lass, and Technology (By Invitation Only) Bij-Na Kim Scope: This invited topic will explore the print process Sponsors: Phase Transformations Committee and Additive and post-print processing variables of non-beam solid-state Manufacturing Committee print technologies, which determine properties, application performance, and economics and enable component September 2020 Manuscript Deadline: April 1, 2020 functionality. These processes include but are not limited WRELQGHUMHWWLQJPDWHULDOH[WUXVLRQ¿ODPHQWSURFHVVLQJ Topic: Aluminum: Recycling and Carbon / nano-inkjet printing and sintering. Environmental Footprint Editors: Paul Prichard, Peeyush Nandwana, Matt Dunstan, Scope: This topic covers recycling of aluminum (and its James Paramore, and Kathy Lu alloys), as well as mitigating the carbon footprint and/or Sponsors: Powder Materials Committee and Additive HQYLURQPHQWDOUDPL¿FDWLRQVRIERWKSULPDU\DQGVHFRQGDU\ Manufacturing Committee aluminum production. Editors: David S. Wong and Anne Kvithyld Topic: Advanced Processing and Additive Sponsors: Aluminum Committee and Recycling and Manufacturing of Functional Magnetic Materials Environmental Technologies Committee Scope: Papers are invited on advanced processing and Topic: High Temperature Processing of Complex advanced manufacturing of functional materials with Ores (By Invitation Only) particular emphasis on magnetic materials. In particular, Scope: Invited papers only will be published in this papers addressing permanent magnets, magnetocaloric topic covering pyrometallurgical processes developed materials, soft magnets, magnetic shape memory alloys, and to recover metals from complex ores. The term complex multiferroics are welcome. Additive approaches to similar UHIHUVWRPXOWLPHWDOVXO¿GHUHVRXUFHVZKLFKRIWHQSUHVHQW classes of functional materials are invited as well. inclusions and intricate structural or alteration patterns. Editors: Scott McCall and Ikenna Nlebedim Also included are orebodies such as multi-metal oxide ores Sponsor: Magnetic Materials Committee that complicate processing due to the diversity of minor Topic: Biologically Induced Corrosion elements they contain. This topic will present a state-of-the- Scope: Papers in all areas of biologically induced or art picture of the high-temperature processing of complex LQÀXHQFHGFRUURVLRQDUHZHOFRPH([DPSOHVLQFOXGH ore, from historical to best available technologies. Editors: microbially induced corrosion, corrosion in biomedical Leili Tafaghodi, Camille Fleuriault, and Joseph devices, etc. Grogan Sponsor: Pyrometallurgy Committee Editor: Vilupanur Ravi Sponsor:&RUURVLRQDQG(QYLURQPHQWDO(൵HFWV Topic: Materials Research in Reduced Gravity Committee Scope: Reduced-gravity experiments can isolate phenomena otherwise obscured in ground-based Topic: Metal Matrix Composites: Analysis, experiments, leading to new discoveries that can improve Modeling, Observations and Interpretations materials and processes. Ground-based facilities for (By Invitation Only) reduced-gravity experiments include drop tubes and towers Scope: This invitation-only topic will present papers that provide seconds of reduced gravity, aircraft that provide from the symposium Metal Matrix Composites: Analysis, tens of seconds, and suborbital rockets that provide hundreds Modeling, Observations and Interpretations, at the TMS of seconds. Manuscripts are solicited in all areas of materials 2020 Annual Meeting & Exhibition. The goal of this special research employing reduced gravity, including crystal topic is to publish papers representing developments in growth, containerless processing, materials processing and the analysis, modeling, and observations of metal matrix properties, and experimental facilities for materials research. composites. Editors: Douglas M. Matson, Robert W. Hyers, Michael Editors: T.S. Srivatsan and W.C. Harrigan Jr. Sansoucie, Jonghyun Lee, and Shaun McFadden Sponsors: Composite Materials Committee and Sponsors: Process Technology and Modeling Committee Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee DQG6ROLGL¿FDWLRQ&RPPLWWHH

Call for Nominations THE BRIMACOMBE PRIZE

The (CDN) $20,000 Brimacombe Prize will be awarded in 2020 for outstanding accomplishments in materials process engineering. The award is being presented in memory of Dr. J. Keith Brimacombe, an innovative giant in this field during the 20th century. Individuals or a team from academia, industry, or government may be nominated by an individual or institution. There are no age restrictions with respect to the nominee(s), and the prize is international. Previous winners of the Brimacombe Prize include: 2010: Seshadri Setharaman, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 2012: Jonathan Dantzig, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA Nomination 2014: Michel Rappaz, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne, Switzerland Procedure 2016: Robertus Boom, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Nominations should include the individual’s current curriculum 2018: John Grandfield, Grandfield Technolgy, Victoria, Australia vitae and summary describing Selection Criteria the following: The prize will be awarded for a single or sustained contribution to materials process engineering • Nominee’s achievements and deemed outstanding. The work should demonstrate a high degree of creativity, imagination contributions and how they relate to the selection criteria. and engineering/scientific depth. Evidence of significant scientific or industrial impact will be an important measure of eligibility for the award. The following characteristics, which are well known • Significance or impact of the achievement(s) in the field. of Dr. J. Keith Brimacombe, form an important set of criteria for the prize: • Role of each individual in a (1) Research Excellence and the Creation of New Insight team effort. • Examines questions of practical importance and has impact relating them to real processes. The nomination should also • Applies the best scientific methodology and academic rigor to his/her work. include names and addresses • Pioneers, applies and integrates all of the research tools at our disposal to generate new of five people who could knowledge that contributes to the “big picture.” provide an assessment of the • Disseminates research results to freely share important insights through widely published papers, nominee’s eligibility for the patents and short courses. award. Also include telephone, fax number and e-mail address (2) A World Ambassador for the references. Nominations • A technical communicator who travels to any part of the world to teach university scholars, operators, will remain effective for three technology and management groups in industry and universities. successive competitions. The • An international leader who associates with and influences other international leaders. selection committee may seek • A statesman who respects others, leads by example and sees the potential in the person regardless of input from references other than origin or status. the list provided by the nominee. • A teacher and friend. Deadline for Receiving Nominations is (3) An Innovator and Visionary for a Better Global Society January 31, 2020. • Demonstrates by his/her own work and leadership that science and technology are linked to the betterment of modern society and has significantly demonstrated successes in science and technology Send nomination package to: based on his/her innovation and shared knowledge. Prof. B.G. Thomas Dept. of Mechanical Engineering • Goes beyond traditional boundaries in the discipline, whether academic, operational or management Colorado School of Mines in materials processing; articulates and succeeds in technology transfer involving many complex issues: 1610 Illinois St., funding, politics, philosophical aspects, decision making and real engineering issues. Golden, CO USA 80401 • Makes distinguished contributions to the knowledge of metallurgical processes, and with vision and or email to determination, communicates this for a better world, sometimes against “conventional wisdom.” [email protected] • Recognizes the importance of the role of professional societies on the national and international scene, The winner(s) will and integrates technical contributions with leadership and vision to share knowledge and advance be announced in the technology through professional societies as a vanguard to spreading new knowledge and “breaking down walls.” summer of 2020. Further information is posted at http://brimacombecourse.org/prize.html.

Donors Contributions may be sent to: The Brimacombe Prize is funded through an Brimacombe Foundation, c/o University of British Columbia, endowment of the Brimacombe Foundation. Materials Engineering Dept., 309-6350 Stores Rd., Contributions from donors are gratefully acknowledged. Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 erin etallrists, ress nineers and Researers at d y d en te aterials data you need doesn’t exist? it er-al y an  allate phase-based proper�es as a func�on of  ase Deisins on scien�ﬁcally supported composi�on, temperature and �me models  Fill in ata gaps without resor�ng to costly,  elerate materials development while �me-consuming experiments reducing risk  redit how actual vs nominal chemistries will aﬀect  rblest issues during materials processing property data Over 40 Thermodynamic and Kine�c Databases Choose from an extensive selec�on of thermodynamic and mobility databases in a range of materials, including:

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