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RBLIC EDUCATION in the Philippine fla - I. RBLICEDUCATIONinthePhilippine IsfandsisBulletin1935,No.9, andisissuedbythe UnitedStatesDepartmentof theInterior.Office of Bducation. HaroldL.Ickes isSecretaryof theInterior and J.W.StudebakerisCommissionerofEducation. KatherineM.Cook,theauthor, isChief oftheDivision ofSpecialPPolitems. ab . \b. s UNITEDSTATES -a GOVERNMENTPRINTINGOFFICE f; WASHINGTON:1935 MO OP. "1:,"Alt "-41,..- a Fcir saleby theSuperintendentof 5 Documents,Washington,D. Ç.a. -- Price 10cents fa db =Or- 4 0a ltitir 4.1 . e I I % ., = . ., . .. ,--.. _ V " . e4.0- r , b0-'"iph. 't .s.A s 5l';'' h . ........ .% 4.:4* I , 41 % vet . _, ... , ..".. .k. ki.T.-.7,,,_ 4 b .:,II, ,,,. ......tCkrp AZ .,t ,f .- A ,, ../...4 i ._..ba . ,'S" . AW ear _ ,b) I' t'n 4 da. 5 a At.' Il :.:b lliel; . ..' .. I Ze.4. ..,.:7 sr, bee e. .a* 7t. (.7 't- ,%. J T. St ' r '- .- -- ..,. ..1...- .! i t.- . 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'... 744+4 - :" - .. ... .8 4'. ritl *t. - a b . :k '.171714 `;%.I . 1;;;-t_ ;,;.1tter.: .1:Z4-, I t.o..4...1"._ t. -:!Zed1.=t3 456397 01.1'7.1938 . 4 t ogONTENT 6 :tr% Page Foreword ..4. OOOOOOOOO. The Philippine Islandsand People 7 Location and ResourceA The People 10 ; Civil Government inthe PhilippineIslands 15 e The Public School System ** 21 C. Early Developmentof the SchoolSystem OO , ' 21 The 6 Administrative Organization O . 24 Financing the Schools.. 19 a . Organization andEnrollment OO oo 32 Curricultim .. 36, Ngricsulturaland VocationalTraining 39 Secondary Schocgs 4I° The Teachers .aOOO 43 The University 6fthe Philippineis ...... 46, Some ichievements andProi;lems O .. O .. 48 . .% SS I a g 0/ a r. - f9 3 ,.g a. s . s 46 . I . s. a. 4s.** .I I- v . ., -ow ., , 4 ...- .... 1 *2 ' * I- 1 Z. 0 .0' % e0Fi. .. , . I % . u . , a f a . ,.. IfItS 6 a t t o o I a ` .. .. .4 i . .' a "- "" .. ' . e. -. a . A. : 4 i i t ).; II er '0. .Ipi I I L A.'',.. , % ':'k .r.,i)1. s , -.---- .- -., ...'...,-. -- : ... .. : 6. ' . V ..t. : -:. 'Ir. ' . e 2 . A r'....1"..e.6"..1..r."...0.;.4.'...Wirri 44. rs.--t ...* ...*- - l'ir' 1r VA , .P . ,4, ,`....-....: 11... .. ..'. : ', ,....1.v,,,e....4,1_,...'....; '..7_...' l' !- '4-14 4 ."IP:-...,..1/4,....... ..i...--. ...--t:.: .*:...ii-,:...;...r.,',. ..''',':.' '...,-::: "'t.: '',1..4:-..i...7.4,' "1--:.....:.........`";; .....:-..t.t: ::-.:-.:1 .1;2. S..;:-.:'1W1:-:1:;-:::".:::..04.774441441811: 11__ . .t- te.,-_ , .z.zsp....:_ti "--:- . __,..._!:_.1 . - ._ 7_ tl_ ;'.:,.._t_ ?j,,r.ki,..12_,7.P:tp.4e,_ ,Aits.___.X...__k_.- f' "L__ItV. ,_-":.-_,L..t1.41:1 .---=.; .r'-f--Y'.-77.4-...?..." N't -714 -0-96..V.-- --.....-azz-r -1,-*S....1.--v'A; NP---li--ft. "Neruk, .19 I. FOREWORD 4 ar !THE initiation and s developmentorpubliceducation inthe Philip- ...wine Islands istrpique inmoderneducational history'.Probably ee ..-¡onlyamong apeople withanenthusiasticbelief inthe significance educiiion,imder thebenevolentguidanc'eof a\nat'ionithan ¡equally enthusiasticconfidencein itsPossibilities, couldthe duca- tional experimentunderW a yin thePhilippines.sponsored bythe . United States, have eyentuatepd. Rarely, ifeverbefore, hasaconquerjnipeoplesettboutestaiI: fishingafree publicsystemof schoolsalmost beforcthegunsofwar weresilent..Yet thisuniqueachievement tookplace in thePhilip- pine Islands immediatelyfollowing Americanoccupation.Almost overnight, soldiers.becameteachers;schoolrooinswerelocated, somewhere, somehow:and instruction,element*in itsnature, . and with the majorpiifposethat ofteachingEnglish,begun. Educationassumes . added significancein view ofrecept develop- mentslooking towardthe completeindependenceof theePhilip- pine people withinthenext decade. Yct whenoneconsiders the achievements of thepast 3.yearsduringwhichacompleteschool systemhas developed,there is amplejustificationfor hopein the future.In the handsof thechildrennowof schoola0, fornearly twothirds of whomeducationalfacilities havenot yet been'made available, the fateof thePhilippineRepublic,to'whichthe Ple/1 aspire,rests.It is thepurposeof thisbulletinto presentab.rief accountor theprogresstoward universarpubliceducationsoTar made in thePhilippinesaswellas to suggestsomeof theproblems yet tohe solved.Itwaspreparedprimarilyfor theinformatiOn of educatorsand othersin the UnItedStatesinterestedin the education of thePhilippinepeople, whoseintet'estandespecially whose friendly guidancewill continueuntil thehoped forobjectivt' is achieved. o 4 'AI O vv. P 5 Il e 4 e f Ibb X P o 110 AP 4 SD ;: 1 44c g"e, tia E di. 4c PH ILI PPINE ISLANDE5 41; 4. 't 4. r i' a . t r. ' . , _.-%-lsk... .. ,. , . A .: 4 . - .s--. 4. 2. t. .-. A z -f . s . ;t 7 'tr . fak '0 .:11. 70' ;" 'W.'.r k --1?.t Tr. r-: ;` " 4 Ill - **1 tf r'. ale- 1 . , --`7. 1?- 4'131r'4± ot 4.7.1rn ..; 11,*.::"ea .4...1rfrt--'It l. .2. 6" Igh` - 47' - Niue f's- -- AO", - F Public Education in the , .,, .i .., .. .Philippine Islands . .1 % . zt. vt . % ., _____,......... I , .) S :.i t. :11, THEPHILIOINEISLANDS AND PEOPLE - i a -1 , . Location and Resources THE PHILIPPINEISLANDSwerediscoveredtothe European onthemomentoustripOn'which he pi1ote4-' world by Magellan 41) theVictoria,the first vesseltocircumnavigate the Globe.Magel- Iwo lan hasbeen characterizedasthegreatestnavfgatoraof time id7A with thesingle exceptionbf Columbus. On thisparticular ._trip he wasseeking thesamething th4t Columbus sought,a ,a ; ,western routetothe Indies, particularlytothe 'Spice Islands, whose products were sodiligently sought bywesternEuropeans of his time.alt.' the early sprintof 1521 1\fge1lan landed first onGuam andlater,onthe southern end of Leyte,oneof the smaller" islands of the Philippine grotip.Here,like Capyin Cook in Hawaii,hemet atragic deathatthe handsofthenatives., Maelisn, though aPortuguese, -sailed under the Spanish flag, and thoughdifficulties with Portugalensuedoverthe possession of theIslands covering anextended period, itwasSpain that finallyWQ11them,colonizedthem, and held them until just a préceding the American°occupation, during th6- short existence , of tile PhilippineWepublic. The PhilippineArchipelago lies in the Pacific Ocean south 4 fr and we*liawaiiand closetothe .Asiaticcoastfrom which it ' is separatedby the SouthChina Sea, approximately 500 miles wide. The mostnorthern islandof the Philippinegroupis but 65 milesfrom Formosa,themostsouthern of the Jitpanese Islanqs, From. theBritish andDutch Eat Indieitothe south and south- west,the Islands areseparated only bynarrow oceanchanneli. On the eastthe Philippines arewidely isolated by thrwatersof s thePacific.Guamand Samoa, the former approximately s' 1,500 miles east,the latterneatw5,000 miles in thesamedirec- tion,aretheirilearest American neighbors. ea II A 2 TEA° . p ',L, -.1. :If,: . 1 , . .. 1 4. .. 1 .'; i: . i' s. , . es . 1 4 . , :,: . f , .. : 1,. 1 ¶.1,rr - . .4 ! t . .. , .; .... ll . .. : A . , . * V . t } h. "4 V ! 4 . Ek_i.... 7 '. : .. 47 4 ''N * .... i 4 . 77 . a V . F'.2.4.. " .- . .. '''' . -. .. k... a: -.4...... 2....* '.. , II. ..., L . ,,,__. .1' . "" f . .tt *..-.... ....;- "'"..... 1 . "4.1. -......1 .. .. .,... .4. 4 . .4......... .411 .IS: , :...I4.... Pi ,... V' Z . f :4 .... ' 44, 0 11.......... ........... ... "... 4116 t I ..F.-11.....,-..4: .,..':.. Ak" :.'...14.14r-..i.:?t7.,.."....4 :t ..,..4;ill..........1',S.,A7,...y..z. ...I. -,_ ! f..4 , ....-17..... --. ...:. .7.- ,- .7. , ,..... .---,-,., ,.; -,z-v ,2.--1 ....:-. ';', ;;.:...4:::'..r.''';''''"'"16'."--"A4 A* V "C " :4: '''... ..t.r.& ,.*1. ,- - N .r .-; '.- .. Y *;;A-rii'.,..,L7i .--.._, - . A -,-- it % ,-. --r.' V --:1,;..4,¡.-.:k.,...ti,:':4 . -,:/...,..70,-,.,.--.4-fri: .- ..1:: :41: - p ---., ..._ _ _. _,:, .E..._,... .-__..,,,,,._,,,,,..,...--____. '_,:: ;F,--.,:[,--- ',.. ,3_-¡: --.:_,-,ti.i..-?.7.t..,;-.- ._-_....%-___,::- :;-.*:..-i!y..,.!..-. _.,4,;-_-,:.-_ _,..4.4..1,;":,-, c..:,1_--.;-..-,_-,_,., .,_.._)3-44 ''N.:-.,,!%/1.! ..ei 4. Nse . Therearemorethan7,000 islandsin theArchipelagoof\\*hid about1 .000'.are f. a inhabited.Theystretchnorthandsolid for1,100miles,and east andwest formore than 600miles Mostof the, islandsareciösetogetherandeven cross the main smallboatscat channelswhichseparatethem.The islands largest tareLuzonattheextreme northendand Mindanzio extreme south. atth( Theyare about thesize ofPennsylvaniaand Indiana,'respectively.Many smallerislandsliebetwetnthem- two, and stillsmaller . Ones. liealongtheircoasts. Amongthe largerandmore important,onesare Samar,Negros,Panay, Mindanoa,Palawan,Leyte,Cebu,Bohol;and i .Mosbate.TI-1 I/ %vholegroup makesup an area nearlyaslarge asGreatBritain andIrelandcom ined,2.orinterms ofterritoryin.coAnental .t_TnitedStates,anlcluded rea about equalto that in in .New Ygork, Connecticut,Massachusetts,New Hampshire.andVermontc.om- bined,or a1-7itlessthanthatofCalifornia. fj t, .Incommon withotherEast Indian. Islandstheyare
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