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Monitoring of Aegilops L. Local Species Genetic Diversity of Kazakhstan's

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Monitoring of Aegilops L. Local Species Genetic Diversity of Kazakhstan's Генофонд и селекция растений Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2018;22(4):484-490 ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ / ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI 10.18699/VJ18.386 Monitoring of Aegilops L. local species genetic diversity of Kazakhstan’s flora R. Urazaliev1, M. Yessimbekova1 , K. Mukin1, A. Chirkin2, G. Ismagulova2 1 Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2 M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan Cereal Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are a very important gene pool Мониторинг генетического for cereal/wheat improvement. New genes for resistance to diseases and pests are urgently needed to avoid using pesticides разнообразия местных and to raise adaptivity to the environmental stresses caused by популяций рода Aegilops L. global climate change. In this regard, the study is aimed at ex situ флоры Казахстана conservation of Aegilops L. genus local ecotypes’ genetic diversity, which is very relevant and promising for breeding. In order to 1 1 1 establish breeding utility and form an ex situ collection reflecting Р. Уразалиев , М. Есимбекова , К. Мукин , 2 2 the intra- and inter-specific diversity, the phenotypic screening of А. Чиркин , Г. Исмагулова Kazakhstan’s local populations of Aegilops L. genus (Ae. cylindrica, 1 Казахский научно-исследовательский институт Ae. tauschii, Ae. triuncialis and Ae. crassa) was conducted on the земледелия и растениеводства, Алматы, Казахстан basis of multiple indicators. For the first time molecular-genetic 2 Институт молекулярной биологии и биохимии analysis of 50 representatives of Aegilops L. genus from Kazakh- им. М.А. Айтхожина, Алматы, Казахстан stan’s flora was performed. The microsatellite analysis with the use of 11 EST-SSR markers revealed eight of them to be most effective. For each marker, allele frequency and average heterozygosity was Дикие сородичи – это таксоны диких растений, отно- calculated. For the most informative markers the presence of 5 сящиеся к культурам, которые потенциально могут ис- and 6 respective allelic variations was found. A bank of genomic пользоваться в качестве доноров генов многих полез- DNA was created and kept in ex situ storage (–70 °С, long-term) in ных признаков, улучшая урожайность и/или качество, the IMBB of the MES of RK. помогая избежать применения пестицидов и повышая адаптивность растений к экологическим стрессам в Key words: Aegilops L.; local population; phenotyping; molecular условиях глобального изменения климата. В этой связи genetic analysis. актуальны исследования, направленные на сохранение и изучение генетического разнообразия местных эко- типов рода Aegilops L. Проведен скрининг казахстан- ских местных популяций рода Aegilops L. (Ae. cylindrica, Ae. tauschii, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. crassa) для формирования коллекции ex situ, отражающей меж- и внутрипопуляци- онное разнообразие. Мониторинг проведен на основе нескольких индикаторов для установления селекцион- ной полезности (фенология, продуктивность, устойчи- вость к стрессам абиотического и биотического харак- тера). Идентифицированы источники устойчивости к болезням, раннеспелости. Впервые выполнен молеку- лярно-генетический анализ 50 представителей рода Aegilops L. казахстанской фло ры. Микросателлитный анализ выявил наиболее информативные EST-SSR мар- керы (пять и шесть аллельных вариантов), была рас- считана частота аллелей и средняя гетерозиготность. Создан банк геномной ДНК для хранения ex situ (–70 °С). Ключевые слова: Aegilops L.; местные популяции; фено- типирование; молекулярно-генетический анализ. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Urazaliev R., Yessimbekova M., Mukin K., Chirkin A., Ismagulova G. Moni- toring of Aegilops L. local species genetic diversity of Kazakhstan’s flora. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2018;22(4):484-490. DOI 10.18699/VJ18.386 УДК 576:631.527(574) Поступила в редакцию 12.12.2017 Принята к публикации 28.04.2018 © АВТОРЫ, 2018 e-mail: [email protected] rop Wild Relatives (CWR) are wild plant taxa related to 200 local ecotypes of Aegilops L. genus species. The lack of crops that have a potential use as gene donors as they knowledge about the phenotypic and genetic diversity of the Cpossess many beneficial traits conferring pest and/or collected germplasm was a serious obstacle for its rational disease resistance, improve yield or quality. These traits can use in bread wheat pro grams and preservation ex situ. More be bred into cereal crops to meet changing environmental or comprehensive knowledge is required to identify the potential market demands. CWR have greater intrinsic genetic diversity sources of their useful traits. due to their wide adaptation to a variety of habitats (Maxted, The present study investigates the diversity of four local Kell, 2009; Maxted et al., 2012, 2013). Wild species are unique species – Ae. cylindrica, Ae. tauschii, Ae. triuncialis and genetic resources especially for corresponding cultivated Ae. crassa. The results reveal the variation of agronomic traits, species, but in general sense, even distantly related species resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and genetic diversity can serve as good gene donors of target characteristics. Many of the collected germplasm. This data will be useful in future populations and localized sub-specific taxa of CWR are se- cultivation and breeding of domesticated wheat, especially verely endangered by human activities such as overgrazing, where the goal is to increase adaptability of wheat in diverse especially in arid regions and by industrial and construction environmental conditions. The goals of the study included: activities. It must be a responsibility of each country to take (1) phenotypic screening of agronomic traits diversity; (2) as- measures for their sustainable conservation (Holubec, 2005, sessment for resistance to rust (yellow, brown, stem) on the 2010a, b). CWR represent a very important gene pool for artificial background; and (3) creation of genomic DNA bank cereal improvement. New genes for resistance to diseases and for long term ex situ storage. pests are urgently needed to avoid using pesticides and to raise adaptivity to environmental stresses in connection with Materials and methods global climate change. Aegilops L. genus is closely related to Four provinces in North Kazakhstan, two provinces in West the cultivated wheat (donor of B and D genomes) and has an Kazakhstan, two provinces in South Kazakhstan, and South- important potential for improving wheat resistance to various Eastern Kazakhstan were surveyed for collecting the ac- biotic and abiotic stresses. Many regions in Kazakhstan, rich cessions. During the expeditions, a collection of more than in CWR, are severely endangered by human activities. Local 200 accessions of Aegilops L. was formed.The present study ecotypes of Aegilops L. genus are often used in Kazakhstan involves 50 accessions (local ecotypes) of four species Ae. cy- as a grazing culture that may lead to in their complete de- lindrica, Ae. tauschii, Ae. triuncialis and Ae. crassa from South struction (Sitpaeva et al., 2004; Yessimbekova et al., 2004, and South-Eastern Kazakhstan. The geographical distribution 2017; Urazaliev et al., 2007; Alimgazinova, Yessimbekova, of these four Aegilops L. species is shown in Fig. 1 (GPS data, 2013). Long-term expeditions helped to collect more than MAPSOURCE program, USA). a b Шир/долг гггг°мм.ммм′ WGS 84 E71° 22.400′ E72° 43.200′ E74° 04.000′ E75° 24.800′ E76° 45 Шир/долг гггг°мм.ммм′ WGS 84 E71° 22.400′ E72° 43.200′ E74° 04.000′ E75° 24.800′ E76° 45 Balkash Kol Balkash Kol N44 N44 Jli N44 Jli N44 ° ° ° ° 26.400 26.400 26.400 26.400 ′ ′ ′ ′ Kentau Kentau N43 N43 Turkestan N43 Turkestan N43 ° ° ° ° 05.600 05.600 Manas 05.600 Manas 05.600 K-L Bijlikol Assa K-L Bijlikol Assa Dzhambul Bishkek Dzhambul Bishkek ′ ′ Tokmak ′ Tokmak ′ Chimkent Issyk-Kul’ Chimkent Issyk-Kul’ N41 N41 N41 N41 ° ° ° ° 44.800 44.800 Ozero Song-Kel 44.800 Ozero Song-Kel 44.800 Toktogul’skoje Vodokhranilische Toktogul’skoje Vodokhranilische ′ ′ ′ ′ Tashkent Kyrgyzstan Tashkent Kyrgyzstan E68° 40.800′ E70° 01.600′ E71° 22.400′ E72° 43.200′ E74° 04.000′ E75° 24.800′ E76° 45 E68° 40.800′ E70° 01.600′ E71° 22.400′ E72° 43.200′ E74° 04.000′ E75° 24.800′ E76° 45 c d Шир/долг гггг°мм.ммм′ WGS 84 E71° 22.400′ E72° 43.200′ E74° 04.000′ E75° 24.800′ E76° 45 Шир/долг гггг°мм.ммм′ WGS 84 E71° 22.400′ E72° 43.200′ E74° 04.000′ E75° 24.800′ E76° 45 Balkash Kol Balkash Kol N44 N44 Jli N44 Jli N44 ° ° ° ° 26.400 26.400 26.400 26.400 ′ ′ ′ ′ Kentau Kentau N43 N43 Turkestan N43 Turkestan N43 ° ° ° ° 05.600 05.600 Manas 05.600 Manas 05.600 K-L Bijlikol Assa K-L Bijlikol Assa Dzhambul Bishkek Dzhambul Bishkek ′ ′ Tokmak ′ Tokmak ′ Chimkent Issyk-Kul’ Chimkent Issyk-Kul’ N41 N41 N41 N41 ° ° ° ° 44.800 44.800 Ozero Song-Kel 44.800 Ozero Song-Kel 44.800 Toktogul’skoje Vodokhranilische Toktogul’skoje Vodokhranilische ′ ′ ′ ′ Tashkent Kyrgyzstan Tashkent Kyrgyzstan E68° 40.800′ E70° 01.600′ E71° 22.400′ E72° 43.200′ E74° 04.000′ E75° 24.800′ E76° 45 E68° 40.800′ E70° 01.600′ E71° 22.400′ E72° 43.200′ E74° 04.000′ E75° 24.800′ E76° 45 Fig. 1. Maps of four local Aegilops L. species distribution: a – Ae. cylindrica; b – Ae. tauschii; с – Ae. crassa; d – Ae. triuncialis. Генофонд и селекция растений Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции • 2018 • 22 • 4 485 Monitoring of Aegilops L. local species R. Urazaliev, M. Yessimbekova genetic diversity of Kazakhstan’s flora K. Mukin, A. Chirkin, G. Ismagulova Table 1. Sequences of EST-STS
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