DOCSLIB.ORG

Experimental Evaluation of Sunos IPC and TCP/IP Protocol Implementation1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Experimental Evaluation of Sunos IPC and TCP/IP Protocol Implementation1 Experimental Evaluation of SunOS IPC and TCP/IP Protocol Implementation1 Christos Papadopoulos Gurudatta M. Parulkar [email protected] [email protected] (314) 935-4163 (314) 935-4621 Computer and Communications Research Center Department of Computer Science Washington University St. Louis MO 63130-4899 Abstract been considerable debate in the research community regarding suitability of existing protocols such as TCP/IP Progress in the field of high speed networking and dis- [3,9,10] for emerging applications over high speed net- tributed applications has led to a debate in the research works. One group of researchers believe that existing pro- community on the suitability of existing protocols such as tocols such as TCP/IP are suitable and can be adopted for TCP/IP for emerging applications over high-speed net- use in high speed environments [4,7]. Another group works. Protocols have to operate in a complex environment claims that the TCP/IP protocols are complex and their comprised of various operating systems, host architectures, control mechanisms are not suitable for high speed net- and a rapidly growing and evolving internet of several het- works and applications [1,2,12,13]. It is important, how- erogeneous subnetworks. Thus, evaluation of protocols is ever, to note that both groups agree that efficient protocol definitely a challenging task that cannot be achieved by implementation and appropriate operating system support studying protocols in isolation. This paper presents results are essential. of a study which attempts to characterize the performance of the SunOS Inter-Process Communication (IPC) and Inter-Process Communication (IPC) which includes TCP/IP protocols for distributed, high-bandwidth applica- protocols, is quite complex. The underlying communica- tions. tion substrate, for example, is a constantly evolving internet of many heterogeneous networks with varying capabilities and performance. Moreover, protocols often interact with 1. Introduction operating systems which are also complex and have addi- tional interacting components such as memory manage- Considerable research and development efforts are ment, interrupt processing, process scheduling and others. being spent in the design and deployment of high speed Furthermore, the performance of protocol implementations networks. These efforts suggest that networks supporting may be affected by the underlying host architecture. Thus, data rates of a few hundreds of Mbps will become available evaluation of IPC models and protocols such as TCP/IP is soon. Target applications for these networks include dis- definitely a challenging task and cannot be achieved by tributed computing involving remote visualization and col- studying protocols in isolation. This paper presents the laborative multimedia, medical imaging, teleconferencing, results of a study aimed at characterizing the performance video distribution, and other demanding applications. of TCP/IP protocols in the existing IPC implementation in Progress in high speed networking suggests that the raw SunOS for high bandwidth applications. Components to be data rates will be available to support such applications. studied include the control mechanisms (such as flow and However, these applications require not only high speed error control), per-packet processing, buffer management networks but also carefully engineered end-to-end proto- and interaction with the operating system by systematic cols implemented efficiently within the constraints of vari- measurement. ous operating systems and host architectures. There has The software examined is the SunOS 4.0.3 IPC using 1This work was supported in part by the National Science BSD stream sockets on top of TCP/IP. SunOS 4.0.3 is Foundation and an industrial consortium of Bellcore, BNR, based on 4.3 BSD Unix (for further details on BSD Unix DEC, Italtel SIT, NEC, NTT, and SynOptics. IPC implementation, see [11]). The hardware were two Sun ¢¡¥¡£¤©¦§¨ ¦§ Application Buffer ¢¡£¡¥¤§¦©¨ ¦§ ¡ ¨ ¡ ¨ Physical copy M &')( M M ! Socket Queue D D D &')/ ! Logical copy ¨ Header &'). TCP/IP M H ! template D &'%* ! 123!45 "! D M H 123!45 "! M Cluster mbuf with data Network &')- D M ! D Page with data Queue H &'), ! H Mbuf with header D M H "! &')0 ! Physical copy $% Ethernet # &'%+ Figure 1: Data distribution into Mbufs ! Sparcstation 1 workstations connected on the same Ether- net segment via the AMD Am7990 LANCE Ethernet Con- troller. Occasionally two Sparcstation 2 workstations Figure 2: Queue and Probe Locations running SunOS 4.1 were also used in the experiments. However, only SunOS 4.0.3 IPC could be studied in depth ated with each cluster mbuf. All data to be transmitted is due to the lack of source code for SunOS 4.1. copied from user space into mbufs, which are linked together if necessary to form a chain. All further protocol 2. Unix Inter-Process Communication (IPC) processing is performed on mbufs. In 4.3 BSD Unix, IPC is organized into 3 layers. The 2.1 Queueing Model first layer, the socket layer, is the IPC interface to applica- tions and supports different types of sockets each type pro- Figure 1 shows the data distribution into mbufs at the viding different communication semantics (for example, sending side. In the beginning, data resides in application STREAM or DATAGRAM sockets). The second layer is the space in contiguous buffer space. Then data is copied into protocol layer, which contains protocols supporting the dif- mbufs in response to a user send request, and queued in the ferent types of sockets. These protocols are grouped in socket buffer until the protocol is ready to transmit it. In the domains, for example the TCP and IP protocols are part of case of TCP or any other protocol providing reliable deliv- the Internet domain. The third layer is the network interface ery, data is queued in this buffer until acknowledged. The layer, which contains the hardware device drivers (for protocol retrieves data equal to the size of available buffer- example the Ethernet device driver). Each socket has ing minus the unacknowledged data, breaks the data in bounded send and receive buffers associated with it, which packets, and after adding the appropriate headers passes are used to hold data for transmission to, or data received packets to the network interface for transmission. Packets from another process. These buffers reside in kernel space, in the network interface are queued until the driver is able and for flexibility and performance reasons they are not to transmit them. On the receiving side, after packets arrive contiguous. The special requirements of interprocess com- at the network interface, the Ethernet header is stripped and munication and network protocols require fast allocation the remaining packet is appended to the protocol receive and deallocation of both fixed and variable size memory queue. The protocol, notified via a software interrupt, blocks. Therefore, IPC in BSD 4.3 uses a memory manage- wakes up and processes packets, passing them to higher ment scheme based on data structures called MBUFs layer protocols if necessary. The top layer protocol after (Memory BUFfers). Mbufs are fixed size memory blocks processing the packets, appends them to the receive socket 128 bytes long that can store up to 112 bytes of data. A vari- queue and wakes up the application. The four queueing ant mbuf, called a cluster mbuf is also available, in which points identified above are depicted in Figure 2. A more data is stored externally in a page 1024 bytes long, associ- comprehensive discussion of IPC and the queueing model can be found in [8]. overhead as possible. There are three sources of potential overhead: (1) due to probe execution time; (2) due to the 3. Probe Design recording of measurements; and (3) due to probe activation (i.e. deciding when to log). To monitor the activity of each queue, probes were inserted in the SunOS Unix network code at the locations To address the first source of overhead, any kind of pro- shown in Figure 2. A probe is a small code segment placed cessing in the probes besides logging a few important at strategic locations in the kernel. Each probe when acti- parameters was precluded. To address the second source, it vated records a timestamp and the amount of data passing was decided that probes should store records in the kernel through its checkpoint. It also fills a field to identify itself. virtual space in a static circular list of linked records, ini- The information recorded is minimal, but can nevertheless tialized during system start-up. The records are accessed provide valuable insight into queue behavior. For example, via global head and tail pointers. A user program extracts the timestamp differentials can provide queue delay, queue the data and resets the list pointers at the end of each exper- length, arrival rate and departure rate. The data length can iment. The third source of overhead, probe activation, was provide throughput measurements, and help identify where addressed by introducing a new socket option that the and how data is fragmented into packets. socket and protocol layer probes can readily examine. For the network layer probes, a bit in the “tos” (type of service) At the sending side, probes 1 and 2 monitor the sending field of the IP header in the outgoing packets was set. The activity at the socket layer. The records produced by probe network layer is able to access this field easily because the 2 alone, show how data is broken up into transmission IP header is always contained in the first mbuf of the chain requests. The records produced by probes 1 and 2 together, either handed down by the protocol, or up by the driver. can be used to plot queue delay and queue length graphs for This is a non-standard approach, and it does violate layer- the socket queue. Probe 3 monitors the rate packets reach ing, but it has the advantage of incurring minimum over- the interface queue.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Validated Products List, 1995 No. 3: Programming Languages, Database
    NISTIR 5693 (Supersedes NISTIR 5629) VALIDATED PRODUCTS LIST Volume 1 1995 No. 3 Programming Languages Database Language SQL Graphics POSIX Computer Security Judy B. Kailey Product Data - IGES Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Systems Laboratory Software Standards Validation Group Gaithersburg, MD 20899 July 1995 QC 100 NIST .056 NO. 5693 1995 NISTIR 5693 (Supersedes NISTIR 5629) VALIDATED PRODUCTS LIST Volume 1 1995 No. 3 Programming Languages Database Language SQL Graphics POSIX Computer Security Judy B. Kailey Product Data - IGES Editor U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Computer Systems Laboratory Software Standards Validation Group Gaithersburg, MD 20899 July 1995 (Supersedes April 1995 issue) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Ronald H. Brown, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Arati Prabhakar, Director FOREWORD The Validated Products List (VPL) identifies information technology products that have been tested for conformance to Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) in accordance with Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) conformance testing procedures, and have a current validation certificate or registered test report. The VPL also contains information about the organizations, test methods and procedures that support the validation programs for the FIPS identified in this document. The VPL includes computer language processors for programming languages COBOL, Fortran, Ada, Pascal, C, M[UMPS], and database language SQL; computer graphic implementations for GKS, COM, PHIGS, and Raster Graphics; operating system implementations for POSIX; Open Systems Interconnection implementations; and computer security implementations for DES, MAC and Key Management.
    [Show full text]
  • Sun Ultratm 5 Workstation Just the Facts
    Sun UltraTM 5 Workstation Just the Facts Copyrights 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Ultra, PGX, PGX24, Solaris, Sun Enterprise, SunClient, UltraComputing, Catalyst, SunPCi, OpenWindows, PGX32, VIS, Java, JDK, XGL, XIL, Java 3D, SunVTS, ShowMe, ShowMe TV, SunForum, Java WorkShop, Java Studio, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, Sun Enterprise SyMON, Solstice, Solstice AutoClient, ShowMe How, SunCD, SunCD 2Plus, Sun StorEdge, SunButtons, SunDials, SunMicrophone, SunFDDI, SunLink, SunHSI, SunATM, SLC, ELC, IPC, IPX, SunSpectrum, JavaStation, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Display PostScript and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Netscape is a trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation. DLT is claimed as a trademark of Quantum Corporation in the United States and other countries. Just the Facts May 1999 Positioning The Sun UltraTM 5 Workstation Figure 1. The Ultra 5 workstation The Sun UltraTM 5 workstation is an entry-level workstation based upon the 333- and 360-MHz UltraSPARCTM-IIi processors. The Ultra 5 is Sun’s lowest-priced workstation, designed to meet the needs of price-sensitive and volume-purchase customers in the personal workstation market without sacrificing performance.
    [Show full text]
  • LSI Logic Corporation
    Publications are stocked at the address given below. Requests should be addressed to: LSI Logic Corporation 1551 McCarthy Boulevard MUpitas, CA 95035 Fax 408.433.6802 LSI Logic Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products herein at any time without notice. LSI Logic does not assume any responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any product described herein, except as expressly agreed to in writing by LSI Logic nor does the purchase or use of a product from LSI Logic convey a license under any patent rights, copyrights, trademark rights, or any other of the intellectual property rights of LSI Logic or third parties. All rights reserved. @LSI Logic Corporation 1989 All rights reserved. This document is derived in part from documents created by Sun Microsystems and thus constitutes a derivative work. TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGMENT LSI Logic and the logo design are trademarks of LSI Logic Corporation. Sun and SPARC are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. ii MD70-000109-99 A Preface The L64853 SBw DMA Controller Technical Manual is written for two audiences: system-level pro­ grammers and hardware designers. The manual assumes readers are familiar with computer architecture, software and hardware design, and design implementation. It also assumes readers have access to additional information about the SPARC workstation-in particular, the SPARC SBus spec­ ification, which can be obtained from Sun Microsystems. This manual is organized in a top-down sequence; that is, the earlier chapters describe the purpose, context, and functioning of the L64853 DMA Controller from an architectural perspective, and later chapters provide implementation details.
    [Show full text]
  • Tms320c3x Workstation Emulator Installation Guide
    TMS320C3x Workstation Emulator Installation Guide 1994 Microprocessor Development Systems Printed in U.S.A., December 1994 2617676-9741 revision A TMS320C3x Workstation Emulator Installation Guide SPRU130 December 1994 Printed on Recycled Paper IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product or service without notice, and advises its customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that the information being relied on is current. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products and related software to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Certain applications using semiconductor products may involve potential risks of death, personal injury, or severe property or environmental damage (“Critical Applications”). TI SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, INTENDED, AUTHORIZED, OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT APPLICATIONS, DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. Inclusion of TI products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the customer. Use of TI products in such applications requires the written approval of an appropriate TI officer. Questions concerning potential risk applications should be directed to TI through a local SC sales offices. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer’s applications, adequate design and operating safeguards should be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards.
    [Show full text]
  • Solaris Powerpc Edition: Installing Solaris Software—May 1996 What Is a Profile
    SolarisPowerPC Edition: Installing Solaris Software 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 U.S.A. A Sun Microsystems, Inc. Business Copyright 1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043-1100 U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX® system, licensed from Novell, Inc., and from the Berkeley 4.3 BSD system, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries and is exclusively licensed by X/Open Company Ltd. Third-party software, including font technology in this product, is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun’s suppliers. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Solaris, Solstice, SunOS, OpenWindows, ONC, NFS, DeskSet are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Performance Workstation at an Entry-Level Price
    SPARCstation™ 5 High-performance workstation at an entry-level price. With its high-speed 170 MHz TurboSPARC chip, the SPARCstation™ 5 delivers enough horsepower to make even your most CPU-intensive applications run the way they’re supposed to — fast. With multiple configurations to choose from, workstation. The Model 170 provides a low you’re sure to find a SPARCstation 5 system that cost solution for developing Java™ applets as well suitstheworkyoudo.TheSPARCstation 5 Model as browsing and publishing online information 170 offers a choice in monitors and graphics. on internal intranets and on the Internet. The And inside every SPARCstation 5 system there’s newest SunPC™ card makes the SPARCstation 5 room for one floppy drive, two hard drives, Model 170 an excellent choice for the enterprise three SBus slots, and even a CD-ROM. Because desktop. These products allow users to run your desktop space is at a premium, we used a their UNIX® and Windows applications all in compact pizza-box design. The SPARCstation 5 one desktop at an affordable price. comes standard with 32-MB memory, expand- And the Solaris™ operating environment, able up to 256 MB. You can store large graphics the leader for enterprise-wide computing, com- files with up to 118 GB of mass storage. bines an easy-to-use graphical user interface Innovative multimedia capabilities include with sophisticated, network-aware personal 16-bit CD-quality audio, speaker, external micro- productivity tools, including multimedia elec- phone, the ShowMe™ whiteboard and shared tronic mail, calendar manager, and graphical applications software, and the SunVideo™ card, file manager.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sparcenginetw IE CPU Card User's Manual
    The SPARCengineTW IE CPU Card User's Manual Sun Microsystems, Inc. • 2550 Garcia Avenue • Mountain View, CA 94043 • 415-960-1300 Part No: 800-8137-02 Revision A of April 10, 1990 The Sun logo +sun Microsystems, Sun Workstation, NFS, and TOPS are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Sun, Sun-3, Sun-4, Sun386i, SPARCstation, SPARC, SPARCengine, SunInstall, SunLink, SunOS, SunPro, SunView, NeWS, and NSE are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T. OPENLOOK is a trademark of AT&T. All other products or seIVices mentioned in this document are identified by the trademarks or seIVice marks of their respective companies or organizations, and Sun Microsystems, Inc. disclaims any responsibility for specifying which marks are owned by which companies or organizations. Copyright © 1989-90 Sun Microsystems, Inc. - Printed in U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical - including photocopying, recording, taping, or storage in an infonnation retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Restricted rights legend: use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. government is subject to restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 and in similar clauses in the FAR and NASA FAR Supplement. The Sun Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. for its users and licensees. Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Getting Started with Your GPIB-ENET and the NI-488.2M Software
    Getting Started with Your GPIB-ENET and the NI-488.2M™ Software for the Sun SPARCstation October 1995 Edition Part Number 320528B-01 © Copyright 1992, 1995 National Instruments Corporation. All Rights Reserved. National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 6504 Bridge Point Parkway Austin, TX 78730-5039 (512) 794-0100 Technical support fax: (800) 328-2203 (512) 794-5678 Branch Offices: Australia 03 9 879 9422, Austria 0662 45 79 90 0, Belgium 02 757 00 20, Canada (Ontario) 519 622 9310, Canada (Québec) 514 694 8521, Denmark 45 76 26 00, Finland 90 527 2321, France 1 48 14 24 24, Germany 089 741 31 30, Hong Kong 2645 3186, Italy 02 48301892, Japan 03 5472 2970, Korea 02 596 7456, Mexico 95 800 010 0793, Netherlands 03480 433466, Norway 32 84 84 00, Singapore 2265886, Spain 91 640 0085, Sweden 08 730 49 70, Switzerland 056 200 51 51, Taiwan 02 377 1200, U.K. 01635 523545 FCC/DOC Radio Frequency Interference Compliance This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in strict accordance with the instructions in this manual, may cause interference to radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the following two regulatory agencies: Federal Communications Commission This device complies with Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules for a Class A digital device. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference in commercial environments. 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Solaris 7 11/99 Handbuch Zur Hardware-Plattform Von
    901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto, , CA 94303-4900 USA Part Number 806-3017-10 Dezember 1999, Ausgabe A Copyright Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303-4900 U.S.A. All rights reserved. Dieses Produkt oder Dokument ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und wird in Lizenz vertrieben. Dadurch sind seine Verwendung, Vervielfältigung, Weitergabe und Dekompilierung eingeschränkt. Ohne die vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung von Sun und den Sun-Lizenzgebern, sofern vorhanden, darf kein Teil dieses Produkts oder Dokuments in irgendeiner Form oder mit irgendwelchen Mitteln reproduziert werden. Software von anderen Herstellern einschließlich aller Schriften ist urheberrechtlich geschützt und von Sun-Lieferanten lizenziert. Teile dieses Produkts können auf Berkeley BSD-Systemen basieren, die von der University of California lizenziert sind. UNIX ist ein in den USA und anderen Ländern eingetragenes Warenzeichen, das ausschließlich über die X/Open Company, Ltd., lizenziert wird. Für Netscape CommunicatorTM gilt folgendes: Copyright 1995 Netscape Communications Corporation. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Sun, Sun Microsystems, das Sun-Logo, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, Solaris, Sun Enterprise, Sun StorEdge, SPARCstorage, SPARCserver, SPARCclassic, SPARCstation SLC, SPARCstation ELC, SPARCstation IPC, SPARCstation IPX, ShowMe TV, SunFDDI, SunForum, SunVTS und Ultra sind Warenzeichen, eingetragene Warenzeichen oder Dienstleistungsmarken von Sun Microsystems, Inc., in den Vereinigten Staaten und in bestimmten anderen Ländern. Alle SPARC-Warenzeichen werden unter Lizenz verwendet und sind Warenzeichen oder eingetragene Warenzeichen von SPARC International, Inc., in den Vereinigten Staaten und in bestimmten anderen Ländern. Produkte, die das SPARC-Warenzeichen tragen, basieren auf einer von Sun Microsystems, Inc., entwickelten Architektur. TM Die grafischen Benutzerschnittstellen OPEN LOOK und Sun wurden von Sun Microsystems, Inc., für seine Benutzer und Lizenznehmer entwickelt.
    [Show full text]
  • BENCHTEST Sparcstation 1
    BENCHTEST SPARCstation 1 As the high-end PC world tends more and more to have the flavour of workstations, so workstation manufacturers are styling their low-end' machines to tempt the top of the PC and Mac markets. In this promised follow-up to the May issue's preview of Sun's new range of workstations, Peter Jackson presents a full Benchtest of the SPARCstation 1. Page 86 APC July 1989 BENCHTEST `Welcome To The New World' was the between the SPARCstation 1 and a fast year as never before. And the reasons for slogan plastered across Sun 80386-based PC. And now that their this are not too tricky to spot. Microsystems' rather childlike publicity prices for equivalent configurations are First there is the inexorable progress of material for its big launch. But to the un- similar too, the workstation manufac- technology, particularly in the areas of biased observer it looked more like a turers need to changg their marketing RISC processing and microelectronic or continuation of the Old World by other strategies to sell more machines; but architectural speed-ups for older proces- means, with two new ranges built around they also need to support their existing sors. The arrival of RISC chips such as the SPARC RISC chip and Motorola's users with more powerful systems, and the MIPS Computer processor in DEC's 68030, and compatible with earlier Sun 4 maintain their air of superiority over the new DECStation 3100, the Motorola and Sun 3 machines respectively. upstart PCs. 88000 in Tektronix's new workstation However, the new systems do In terms of both technology and line, and faster versions of the SPARC demonstrate very clearly that the days of marketing, the workstation market is from LSI, Cypress and Solbourne, have cost-no-object workstations are gone, in changing more rapidly than ever.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Strategic Management of Technology in the Context of the Organizational Life-Cycle
    An Analysis of the Strategic Management of Technology in the Context of the Organizational Life-Cycle by Steven W. Klosterman BSEE (1983), University of Cincinnati Submitted to the System Design and Management Program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering and Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2000 C 2000 Steven W. Klosterman. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author --------- System Design and Management Program. June, 2000 Certified by Thomas Kochan George M. Bunker Professor of Management Thesis Supervisor Accepted by Thomas Kochan Co-Director, System Design and Management Program Sloan School of Management Acceptedby Paul A. Lagace Co-Director, System Design and Management Program Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY EN JUN 1 4 2000 LIBRARIES I Acknowledgements I would like to thank the individuals and organizations that have helped me pursue this thesis and my MIT education: To the System Design and Management (SDM) program for providing the vision of flexible, distance learning as an enabler for mid-career engineers to study at one of the world's foremost centers of learning. To Tom Magnanti, Tom Kochan, Ed Crawley, John Williams, Margee Best, Anna Barkley, Leen Int'Veld, Dan Frey, Jon Griffith and Dennis Mahoney, I cannot sufficiently express my gratitude for being given the privilege of becoming a member of the MIT community. To my fellow students in the SDM program for providing the support, encouragement and help, I am honored to be associated with you.
    [Show full text]
  • Interphase 5611 Users Guide (Pdf)
    Full-service, independent repair center -~ ARTISAN® with experienced engineers and technicians on staff. TECHNOLOGY GROUP ~I We buy your excess, underutilized, and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade-ins. Custom engineering Your definitive source so your equipment works exactly as you specify. for quality pre-owned • Critical and expedited services • Leasing / Rentals/ Demos equipment. • In stock/ Ready-to-ship • !TAR-certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100% satisfaction Artisan Technology Group (217) 352-9330 | [email protected] | artisantg.com All trademarks, brand names, and brands appearing herein are the property o f their respective owners. Find the Interphase 5611 at our website: Click HERE 5611.book : 5611.cvr 1 Mon Sep 8 15:58:14 1997 5611 S/FDDI Adapter Users Guide Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com 5611.book : 5611.ttl 2 Mon Sep 8 15:58:14 1997 5611 S/FDDI Adapter Users Guide Document No. UG05611-000, REVA Release Date: September 8, 1997 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com 5611.book : 5611.ttl 3 Mon Sep 8 15:58:14 1997 Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com 5611.book : 5611.ttl 4 Mon Sep 8 15:58:14 1997 Copyright Notice © 1996 by Interphase Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America, 1997. This manual is licensed by Interphase to the user for internal use only and is protected by copyright. The user is authorized to download and print a copy of this manual if the user has purchased one or more of the Interphase adapters described herein.
    [Show full text]