GISAP Earth and Space Sciences ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE FACTORS IN THE NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC L.M. Babashova, Student Baku State University, Azerbaijan In this report the author characterizes elements of the climate in the territory of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The influence of topography on the distribution of solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation etc., is mainly considered. The author also considers issues of air pollution under the influence of anthropogenic stress. Keywords: climate, radiation, light hour, temperature, relief, radiation balance. Conference participant

he main factors, which creates in hot period of the year. The amount of mountainous zone. In the result of the Tclimate in the Nakhchivan the radiation forms 150-160 kkal/sm2/ strong cold in the winter months, frost Autonomous Republic is the difference year in the high mountainous zone that is observed. Average absolute minimum if the relief, richness of the radiation, and this is considered maximum price of the air temperature decreases negative complication of the atmosphere to the republic. It is related with the 13-22°C, negative 30°C in the more circulation. Adjoining with relief, other minority of the transparence an aerosol of heights. factors are the geographical status and the atmosphere in the high mountainous As seen, average absolute minimum surface structure. In the result of the non- zones. We must note that, shown amount changes 13°C towards high mountainous regular heating of the slopes and valleys, of the radiation is as in the equator. territory. The summer months is local air circulation with mountain- Depending on the period and seasons of characterized with the high termic valley typed developed widely. Relief the year, radiation balance is as maximum conditions. Absolute maximum air structure of the territory impresses price 35-40 kkal/sm2 in the bottom of temperature reaches 40-43°C in the low more to the air masses, which enters the the mountain, 20 kkal/sm2 in the height. mountainous, 30-40°C in the middle territory, besides generating the local air About 50% of the radiation balance falls mountainous, 10-20°C in the high circulation. Mountain ranges impresses to the share of summer months. General mountainous. to the direction of the flow and gets radiation balance possesses considerable It is clear from all these that, either direction to the near layers to the Earth. annual movement as other elements of average monthly (January, July) or The observations done in the territory the climate. These elements reach to minimum and maximum of the air is of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic the maximum price in July, minimum more sharp. Average annual maximum shows that, these objective laws are price in January. Minimum indicator is and average absolute minimum effective till 4 km. Higher than this observed in the sunny hours in winter. temperature of the air tot eh heights is height the effect of the relief gets weaker This time connected with the increasing determined as in the following table. and air flow is southern-western directed cloudiness, sunny period decreases till It is more important to determine according to the general circulation. 300-450 hours. the period of passing different limits Relief factors, including meteorological Average annual temperature of the of the average daily temperature for elements – temperature, humidity of the air changes between 14-12°C in the the characterizing the beginning and weather, rains, wind are subordinated to low mountainous zone, 8-5°C in the ending of the vegetation period in the the vertical zones in the special regional mountainous zone, 2-1°C in 2500-3000 plants. Passing time of daily average territory. Average amount of the sunny meters. Average monthly temperature of temperature from 0°C in spring falls. hours reaches to 2400-2800 hours in the the coldest period of the year (January) On 1st of March in the low mountainous territory. The result of the richness of changes 6°C in the low mountainous zone, 20th of March in the upper part of the sunny hours is that, amount of the part, negative 10-14°C in the high the middle mountainous parts, 10th of general radiation and radiation balance is mountainous zone and sometimes more. April in the areas near low border of the considerable greater. The thick relation Average monthly temperature of the hot high mountainous parts. Passing time of exists between noted these elements months of the year hesitate 24-28°C in the daily average temperature from 0°C and height. Radiation is two times more the low mountainous, 16-20°C in the begins earliest on 10th of October (in the relatively with the cold period of the year middle mountainous zone, 8-6°C high high mountainous zone), latest on 10th

H(m) 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 t

Average annual 11,8 8,6 5,4 2,2 – 1,0 – 4,2

Average absolute maximum 40 35 31 26 21 16

Average absolute minimum – 18 – 20 – 22 – 25 – 27 – 29  GISAP Earth and Space Sciences of December (in the low mountainous 2500 mm height. In the same period in in 1500 m height, 640 mm in 2000 m zone). Thus, difference between 3000 m rainfall decreases till 300 mm, in height. More than it annual available beginning and ending of the transition 3500 m till 270 mm. While the amount exhalation decreases from 500 mm time from 0°C in both seasons of the of rainfall reaches to maximum in (2500) till 320 mm (3500). Available year (spring and summer) is equal to 2500 mm in spring (to 320 mm), and in exhalation of the hot period forms 40 days. Transition time of the daily spring it shows itself maximum 3000 m the main part of the annual available average temperature from 5°C begins on height (130 mm). exhalation. Annual exhalation amount 20th of March in the low mountainous In all seasons least rainfall falls till reaches to 380 mm maximum in 2500 m, zone in the summer months, 10th of 1000 m height. In autumn most rainfall higher than 3500 m begins to decrease, April on the middle mountainous zone, is observed between 2500 m (180 mm) in 3500 m is 280 mm. The cause of low 30thof April in the high mountainous and 3000 m (170 mm). In winter most of exhalation amount is related with the zone. Transition time of the daily rainfall falls between 2000 m (150 mm) termic condition. Exhalation observed average temperature from 5°C begins and 2500. (140 mm) height. While in the hot period forms 60-70% of its on 20th of November, 3rd of October rainfall is equal in 1500 m and 3500 m, annual quantity. Maximum exhalation and 20th of October proper with the reaches to 120 mm in 3000 m. Falling in the summer months reaches to above mentioned zones in autumn. The of the rainfall more in spring, as well 180-190 mm in 2500 m. Relative total of the daily average temperature increasing of temperature creates base humidity is shown with percents being and temperature is more than 5-10. And for considerable extent to the vitalizing as the relative of rainfall to available 15°C change connected with the height. of the plant cover plant cover, increases exhalation. Relative humidity increases Albedo forms 0,19-0,22% in summer, water reservoir of the rivers. And in when height increases. It forms 40-50% 0,70-0,75% in winter for the tundra summer, least rainfall shortens the in the middle mountainous zone, 11% in and alp meadows. We must note that, vegetation period of the plants, causes 2000 m, 15% in 2500 m. Annual relative maximum price of Albedo is observed in to the arid climate condition. In the hot humidity, in 1500 m and the areas higher the winter months. The cause of it, is to period of the year, more rainfall falls in than it, is 20-25% average more than have snow cover in the winter months. April and May, least rainfall falls in July relative humidity in the hot half of the As a rule, the price of Albedo increases and August. Rainfall in April and May year. in the areas, where the attendances of indemnifies water need of the plants The winds observed in the the snow cover in summer. Rainfall is on the vegetation period and makes investigation region are mainly local distributed not equal in the territory. opportunity to gather the additional winds. In most cases their directions The amount of the rainfall changes both water need in the ground. Emergence of changes depending on complicated relief in the vertical direction, as from slopes snow cover, its width and melting times structure. Sometimes these observed towards to mountains, and horizontal, are different. Emergence of snow cover laws are disordered in the result of as from west towards east. In the hot begins mainly on 15th of December, on different typed air flows to the territory. and cold periods of the year, rainfall 15th of October in the highest areas. Northern-eastern, north and east winds changes connected with the changing of Average time of melting of durable snow blow in the hot period of the year in the the height. Rainfall begins to increase cover begins on 1st of April, on 1st of high mountainous zone (2000-3200 m). towards height in the hot period and May in high mountainous zone. The The directions of the winds are proper decreases again maximum 2000-3000 m number of days with durable snow cover with the direction of valleys. The height. In the cold period of the year is 80 days. The number of these days is speed of wind is 3-7 m/second in the differing from hot period of the year about 200 days in the high mountainous cold period of the year in the high more rainfall falls not 3000 m height zones. During year maximum average mountainous zone. but 2500 m height. In the cold periods thickness of snow cover reaches The continental conditions of the fallen rainfall between 2000 m and 25-30 sm, 40 sm in the high mountainous climate of the Nakhchivan Autonomous 3000 m is equal each-other zone. Thickness and durability of the Republic, as we noted above, creates base approximately. Depending on height, snow cover has great role in the growing for the regulation of the regularly and distribution of rainfall to the seasons is of plants, forming surface and ground speedy of the air climate in the territory. shown in the following table. water, keeping wetness of soil. We must take into consideration that, Rainfall in spring falls least till Annual maximum exhalation there is no heavy industrial enterprises, 1000 m height (120 mm), most in the 1120 mm in 1000 m height, 860 mm which populates the atmosphere air

Seasons 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000

Spring 120 200 260 320 300 270

Summer 40 60 80 110 130 100

Autumn 90 110 140 180 170 150

Winter 70 100 150 140 120 100  GISAP Earth and Space Sciences

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