Draft: 2011-11-21 FIELD SEMINAR PO751, 2012

John Gerring 232 Bay State Road, rm 300 Office hrs: ? (I am also generally available after class) [email protected]; 353-2756

This is an introductory “core” course in comparative politics, intended for MA and PhD students in . Although every political science graduate program offers a course of this nature, one finds little consistency across these courses. There is no generally recognized canon of Great Texts and no generally recognized textbooks that present the subject matter at a level of sophistication suitable for graduate training. Nor is it clear what “comparative politics” is and how it might be differentiated from political science at large. Therefore, any course that assumes this mantle must make a series of somewhat idiosyncratic judgments about what to include, and what to exclude. Let me briefly explain my choices. Comparative politics is jokingly referred to as “politics everywhere but the .” Nowadays, it is common to regard the US as a case in comparative politics, like Germany, or Uganda. That said, it is a fact that the United States has been more extensively studied by political scientists than any other country in the world. Moreover (and not coincidentally), most wellknown political scientists were born in or live in the US. This means that a good deal of the literature on political science focuses on the US, and to this extent – but only to this extent – we remain tethered to the United States. I have assumed that comparativists (in contrast to many Americanists) are generally interested in explaining broad economic, social, and political outcomes – preeminent among them, development and democracy. Traditionally, comparative politics has embraced a “macro” orientation focused on institutions rather than individual-level behavior. Of course, every macro-level institution presumes a micro-level mechanism(s). In this sense, the entire social world of causal relations is fodder for comparative politics. However, my focus in this syllabus is on factors that are presumed to instigate societal-level change.

KEY QUESTIONS For each topic listed below on the syllabus we shall be asking a series of fairly standard questions. First, what is X, i.e., how is the topic conceptualized and measured? Second, what caused/causes X? Third, what does X cause (with particular reference to the quality of governance and developmental outcomes such as growth)? Fourth, how do we know this, i.e., what methodological difficulties are entailed in trying to resolve questions of conceptualization, measurement, and causality? How sure is our knowledge? And finally, what are the un-asked questions? What areas connected with this topic are worthy of attention but as yet unexplored?

REDUNDANCIES A course organized around institutions should, following the dictates of classical logic, treat each institution separately, one at a time. This is what I have endeavored to do in the following syllabus. Unfortunately, the categories are not entirely mutually exclusive – especially since each institution serves as both cause and effect (being partly exogenous and partly endogenous). This introduces a degree of redundancy into the syllabus. Consequently, some works are listed more than once (and, as a result, the assigned readings is not so heavy as it might at first appear).

EXCLUSIONS Because of the ambient nature of our subject matter, it is important to clarify what this course does not cover. Excluded are explicitly methodological topics, since these are covered elsewhere (e.g., in PO840, PO841, and PO843). This course maintains a substantive focus. Of course, any substantive reading begs important methodological questions. If it is argued that Institution X matters for some outcome, one is bound to inquire whether the claim is true, and how one might evaluate it. Thus, methodological issues will be a constant refrain, and students are advised to take PO840 prior to, or concurrently with, this course. Public policies are not examined as a topic in their own right, in deference to other courses on this subject (PO741). Policies nonetheless constitute a critical dependent variable with regard to the (presumably more exogenous) factors discussed in this course. And, on occasion, they serve as exogenous factors (where “Policies drive politics”); here, they enter the purview of the course. Campaigns and elections, public opinion, ideology, trust, and individual-level behavior is excluded, except insofar as they might relate to institutions discussed here. (It is my hope that we will be able to launch a 700-level course that covers such topics in the not too distant future.) International relations (IR), international (IPE), development economics, and growth theory are generally excluded from the course. This is not because they are inconsequential for domestic politics but rather simply because these areas are too complex to fit into the present syllabus and are nicely handled by other courses at BU. General theoretical frameworks – e.g., rational choice, transaction cost analysis, evolution, relational models, critical juncture/path dependency – are given short shrift in this course. Again, this is not because theoretical frameworks are unimportant, but rather because there seems to be nothing that is specific to “comparative politics” if one takes a more abstract, theoretical view of the subject matter. (Works on some of these subjects are listed at the end of this syllabus, along with various other topics not covered explicitly in the course.) Those interested in learning about game theory/microeconomics should consider taking a course in the Economics department.

GRADES Your grade for this class will be comprised of two components, equally weighted: (a) participation in class discussion and (b) a final exam.

ATTENDANCE Since the class meets a limited number of times throughout the semester only one excused absence will be granted. No excused absences, makeups, extensions, or incompletes will be granted without documentation of medical, religious or personal reasons, or for official Boston University business. If you will be missing class for observance of religious holidays you must inform me of these dates during the first week of class.

MINI-LECTURES I will begin most class meetings with a mini-lecture. Although I generally prefer not to lecture in graduate-level courses, there was some demand for this in the last iteration of the course. We’ll see how it goes. (I will also try to conclude each meeting with a brief wrap-up of the “take-home” messages, along with a brief glance ahead to the readings for the following week.) In any case, the lectures are intended to supplement, not replace, that week’s readings. Indeed, there is no way that I can present all the important material in lecture format. There is simply too much of it. Nor would it be helpful for me to spoon-feed the information to you. So, make sure that you do the reading carefully (don’t depend on me to synthesize it) and ask questions about subjects raised in the readings that you do not understand. I will endeavor to explain them, or direct you to other resources.

CLASS PARTICIPATION Whether this course is enlightening or not will depend primarily upon how students contribute to the process. I expect active participation from all students in every session – beyond the mandatory presentations. I do not wish to lecture extensively. Nor do I intend to act as quiz-master, eliciting points. I will play this role if necessary, though I am hoping that the discussants will relieve me of this burden. To reiterate: you must participate regularly in order to get a good grade in this class. Shyness, or unfamiliarity with the English language, is no excuse. This is a talking profession. Yadayadayada. Please be attentive to standard rules of decorum: avoid dogmatism, respect others’ views, and try to move class discussion forward (pay attention to what others say and respond to the previous point).

EXAMS The final exam will cover everything covered in the course, i.e., all required reading and all in-class discussion. It is a closed-book, closed-note test – just you and the exam. I strongly encourage you to take notes during class and on the readings and to study in small groups for the exams. It will be difficult to pull things together if you have only the readings to fall back on.

READINGS The reading for graduate courses is extensive; this course is no exception. As it is, we are barely scratching the surface of this vast subject matter. Each week’s reading will probably take you more than one night to get through. Do not wait until the night before to start reading! Readings marked by a single asterisk are required for the entire class. Usually, these are articles. Sometimes, they are entire books (here you are expected to skim rather than read from cover to cover). Some of the readings are acknowledged classics. We read them because everyone else has read them, even if they are flawed or outdated. That said, I have generally excluded older classics, i.e., works published prior to 1950. Marx and Weber are cited, but not required. Machiavelli and Hobbes are not even cited. The reason for this is that most students have already encountered these authors, and if they haven’t this is not the place to do so. We simply don’t have the requisite time. Other readings are chosen because they encapsulate an important position in the literature in a vivid and concise manner. And still others – the majority – are chosen because they offer broad overviews of a large and complex literature. Most of the required articles can be found on the web. Occasionally, we will need to scan material and post it on the course web site (Blackboard). Let me know ASAP if you experience difficulty finding a particular source so I can straighten out the problem. Readings that are unmarked are optional. You are not responsible for them, but may wish to peruse them for your own purposes, now or in the future. Note that the purpose of a long syllabus is to give the reader a sense for the breadth of work that falls within the purview of a given topic. It is not expected that you will be familiar with all of these. But the syllabus should provide some direction as you continue in the field, especially if you will be taking the comprehensive PhD exams.

REQUIRED BOOKS Bates, Robert H. 1984. Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Bases of Agricultural Policies. Berkeley: University of California Press. Boix, Carles; Susan Stokes (eds.). 2007. Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Coppedge, Michael. 2011. Approaching Democracy: Theory and Methods in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Diamond, Jared. 1992. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton. Evans, Peter B.; Dietrich Rueschemeyer; (eds). 1985. Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gellner, Ernest. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Gerring, John; Strom Thacker. 2008. A Centripetal Theory of Democratic Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press. Lichbach, Mark Irving; Alan S. Zuckerman (eds). 1997. Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Moore, Barrington, Jr. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press. Munck, Gerardo L., Richard Snyder (eds). 2007. Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. O’Donnell, Guillermo A., Philippe Schmitter. 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Goods. Cambridge: Press. Rogowski, Ronald. 1989. Commerce and Coalitions. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Schiavo-Campo, Salvatore; Pachampet Sundaram. 2001. To Serve and to Preserve: Improving Public Administration in a Competitive World. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank. [should be downloadable from the web for free] Skocpol, Theda. 1979. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [NB: pp. 3-111, 154-73, 282-93] Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974. The Modern World-System. Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press. Woo-Cumings, Meredith (ed). 1999. The Developmental State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

THIS COURSE AND YOUR GRADUATE EDUCATION This course is one of a handful you will take at BU as part of your MA or PhD. How much you take away from this course is primarily up to you. Think of it as an opportunity to learn, not simply a hoop that you must jump through. And think of me as a facilitator, not simply your professor. It will be more fun that way, for me and for you.

WHAT IS COMPARATIVE POLITICS? (DATE)

Preliminary discussion *Munck, Gerardo L., Richard Snyder (eds). 2007. Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

NON-POLITICAL FACTORS IN DEVELOPMENT (DATE)

Misc Landes, David S. 1999. The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor. New York: W.W. Norton. Landes, David S. 2006. “Why Europe and the West? Why Not China?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 20:2 (Spring) 3-22. Maddison, Angus. 2007. Contours of the World Economy 1-2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. *Nunn, Nathan. 2009. “The Importance of History for Economic Development.” Annual Review of Economics 1:1, 1-28. Pomeranz, Kenneth. 2000. The Great Divergence: Europe, China, and the Making of the Modern World Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Modernization Theory Bendix, Reinhard. 1964. Nation-Building and Citizenship. Berkeley: University of California Press. Bendix, Reinhard. 1978. Kings or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press. Black, Cyril Edwin. 1966. The Dynamics of Modernization. New York: HarperCollins. Deutsch, Karl. 1961. “Social Mobilization and Political Development.” American Political Science Review 55 (September) 419-514. Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press. [assigned later in the course] *Lerner, Daniel. 1958. The Passing of Traditional Society: Modernizing the Middle East. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. [pp. 19-107] Levy, Marion J., Jr. 1966. Modernization and the Structure of Societies: A Setting for International Affairs. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Rostow, W.W. 1960. The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, 2 vols., ed. Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Geography Clark, Gordon L.; Meric S. Gertler; Maryann P. Feldman (eds). 2000. The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Crafts, Nicholas; Anthony J. Venables. 2001. “Globalization in History: A Geographical Perspective.” Unpublished manuscript, London School of Economics. *Diamond, Jared. 1992. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton. [skim] Easterly, William; Robert Levine. 2003. “Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development.” Journal of Monetary Economics 50, 3-39. Fogel, Robert J. 1999. “Catching up with the Economy.” American Economic Review 89:1, 1-22. Hibbs, Douglas A.; Ola Olsson; Jared Diamond. 2004. “Geography, Biogeography and Why Some Countries are Rich and Others Poor.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, 3715-20. Jones, Eric L. 1981. The European Miracle: Environments, Economics and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia, 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Mellinger, Andrew D.; Jeffrey D. Sachs; John Gallup. 2000. “Climate, Coastal Proximity, and Development.” In Gordon L. Clark, Meric S. Gertler, & Maryann P. Feldman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 169-94. *Olsson, Ola. 2003. “Geography and Institutions: A Review of Plausible and Implausible Linkages.” Working Papers in Economics No. 106. Olsson, Ola; Douglas A. Hibbs, Jr. 2005. “Biogeography and Long-Run Economic Development.” European Economic Review 49, 909-38.

Resource Curse Luong, Pauline Jones; Erika Weinthal. 2006. “Rethinking the Resource Curse: Ownership Structure, Institutional Capacity, and Domestic Constraints.” Annual Review of Political Science 9, 241-63. *Ross, Michael L. 1999. “The Political Economy of the Resource Curse.” World Politics 51:2 (January) 297- 322. Ross, Michael L. 2003. “The Natural Resource Curse: How Wealth can Make You Poor.” In Ian Bannon and Paul Collier eds., Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Options and Actions (World Bank). Ross, Michael L. [Book in progress] *van der Ploeg, Frederick. 2011. “Natural Resources: Curse or Blessing?” Journal of Economic Literature (May) 49:2, 366-420.

Demography; Technology Boserup, Esther. 1965. The Conditions of Agricultural Growth. London: Earthscan. Comin, Diego; William Easterly; Erick Gong. 2006. “Was the Wealth of Nations Determined in 1000 B.C.?” *Dyson, Tim. 2001. “A Partial Theory of World Development: The Neglected Role of the Demographic Transition in the Shaping of Modern Society.” International Journal of Population Geography 7, 67-90. *Galor, Oded; David Weil. 2000. “Population, Technology, and Growth: From the Malthusian Regime to the Demographic Transition and Beyond.” American Economic Review 90:4, 806-28. Kremer, Michael. 1993. “Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108:3 (August) 681-716. Landes, David S. 1969. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Lipsey, Richard G. 2009. “Economic Growth Related to Mutually Interdependent Institutions and Technology.” Journal of Institutional Economics 5:2 (December) 259-88. Mokyr, Joel. 1992. The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rosenberg, Nathan; L.E. Birdzell, Jr. How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the Industrial World. New York: Basic.

Human Capital Clark, Gregory. 2008. Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World. Princeton: Princeton University Press. [NB chs 1, 2, 6, 9] Galor, Oded; David Weil. 2002. “Natural Selection and the Origin of Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 117, 1133-92. *Glaeser, Edward L.; Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes; Andrei Shleifer. 2004. “Do Institutions Cause Growth?” Journal of Economic Growth 9, 271-303. Lucas, Robert. 1988. “On the Mechanics of Economic Development.” Journal of Monetary Economics 22, 3-42. Mankiw, N. Gergory; David Romer; David N. Weil. 1992. “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economic Growth 107:2 (May) 407-37. Manuelli, Rodolfo E.; Ananth Seshadri. 2005. “Human Capital and the Wealth of Nations.” Unpublished manuscript. Solow, Robert M. 1956. “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 70:1, 65-94.

Trade; Transport; Economic Geography Allen, Bryant; R. Michael Bourke; John Gibson. 2005. “Poor Rural Places in Papua New Guinea.” Asia Pacific Viewpoint 46:2 (August) 201-17. Bernstein, William J. 2008. A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. Findlay, Ronald; Kevin H. O’Rourke. 2007. Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Frieden, Jeffry A. 2007. Global Capitalism: Its Fall and Rise in the Twentieth Century. New York: W.W. Norton. Hilling, David. 1996. “Transport and Development.” In Hilling, Transport and Developing Countries (London: Routledge) 1-37. Hummels, David. 2007. “Transportation Costs and International Trade in the Second Era of Globalization.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 21:3 (Summer) 131-54. *Venables, Anthony J. 2006. “Economic Geography.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 739-56. World Bank. 2009. World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography. Washington: World Bank.

COLONIALISM/IMPERIALISM, DEPENDENCY (DATE)

Misc Abernethy, David B. 2001. The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires, 1415-1980. New Haven: Yale University Press. *Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, James A. Robinson. 2005. “The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change and Economic Growth.” American Economic Review (June). *Angeles, Luis. 2007 “Income Inequality and Colonialism.” European Economic Review 1155-76. Bayly, C.A. 2008. “Indigenous and Colonial Origins of Comparative Economic Development: The Case of Colonial India and Africa.” Policy Research Working Paper 4474. Washington: World Bank, Development Research Group. *Bernhard, Michael, Christopher Reenock, Timothy Nordstrom. 2004. “The Legacy of Western Overseas Colonialism on Democratic Survival.” International Studies Quarterly 48, 225-50. Bertocchi, Graziella; Fabio Canova. 2002. “Did Colonization Matter for Growth? An Empirical Exploration into the Historical Causes of Africa’s Underdevelopment.” European Economic Review 46, 1851-71. Blanton, Robert; T. David Mason; Brian Athow. 2001. “Colonial Style and Post-Colonial Ethnic Conflict in Africa.” Journal of Peace Research 38:4, 473-91. Bogin, Barry; R. Keep. 1999. “Eight Thousand Years of Economic and Political History in Latin America Revealed by Anthropometry.” Annals of Human Biology 26:4, 333-51. Doyle, Michael W. 1986. Empires. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. *Feyrer, James; Bruce Sacerdote. 2006. “Colonialism and Modern Income: Islands as Natural Experiments.” NBER Working Paper 12546. Fieldhouse, D.K. 1966. The Colonial Empires: A Comparative Study from the Eighteenth Century. London: Macmillan. [still the reining classic on the subject] Go, Julian. 2009. “The ‘New’ Sociology of Empire and Colonialism.” Sociology Compass 3, 1-14. Go, Julian (guest editor, with Diane E. Davis). 2009. “Empires and Colonialisms” special issue of Political Power and Social Theory: An Annual Review. Grier, Robin M. 1999. “Colonial Legacies and Economic Growth.” Public Choice 98:3-4, 317-35. Iyer, Lakshmi. 2010. “Direct versus Indirect Colonial Rule in India: Long-Term Consequences.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 92:4, 693-713. *Kohli, Atul. 1994. “Where do High Growth Political Economies Come From? The Japanese Lineage of Korea’s ‘Developmental State.’” World Development 22:9 (September) 1269-93. [Reprinted in Woo-Cumings 1999] Kohli, Atul. 2004. State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the Global Periphery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lange, Matthew. 2004. “British Colonial Legacies and Political Development.” World Development 32:6, 905-22. *Lange, Matthew; James Mahoney; Matthias vom Hau. 2006. “Colonialism and Development: A Comparative Analysis of Spanish and British Colonies.” American Journal of Sociology 111:5 (March) 1412-62. La Porta, Rafael; Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes; Andrei Shleifer; Robert W. Vishny. 1999. “The Quality of .” Journal of Economics, Law and Organization 15:1, 222-79. Mahoney, James. 2003. “Long-Run Development and the Legacy of Colonialism in Spanish America.” American Journal of Sociology 109, 50-106. Mahoney, James. 2010. Colonialism and Postcolonial Development: Spanish America in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Nunn, Nathan. 2008. “The Long-term Effects of Africa’s Slave Trades.” Quarterly Journal of Economics (February) 139-76. Young, Crawford. 1994. The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Hegemony, Dependency, World-systems Theory Alderson, Arthur S.; Francois Nielsen. 1999. “Income Inequality, Development, and Dependence: A Reconsideration.” American Sociological Review 64:4 (August) 606-31. Amin, Samir. 1976. Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism. New York: Monthly Review Press. Baran, Paul A. 1957. The Political Economy of Growth. New York: Monthly Review Press. Cardoso, Fernando H. 1972. “Dependency and Development in Latin America.” New Left Review 74, 83–95. Cardoso, Fernando H.; Enzo Faletto. 1979. Dependency and Development in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press. Chase-Dunn, Christopher; Yukio Kawano; Benjamin D. Brewer. 2000. “Trade Globalization since 1795: Waves of Integration in the World-System.” American Sociological Review 65:1 (February) 77-95. Chilcote, Ronald H. 1984. Theories of Development and Underdevelopment. Boulder, Colo.: Westvie. dos Santos, Theotonio. 1977. “The Structure of Dependence.” American Economic Review 60. Evans, Peter. 1979. Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinationals, the State, and Local Capital in Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Firebaugh, Glenn; Frank D. Beck. 1994. “Does Economic Growth Benefit the Masses? Growth, Dependence, and Welfare in the Third World.” American Sociological Review 59, 631-53. Frank, Andre G. 1967. Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil. New York: Monthly Review Press. Packenham, Robert. 1992. The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Rodney, Walter. 1972. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogle-L'Ouverture. Smith, Tony. 1979. “The Underdevelopment of Development Literature.” World Politics (January). Studies in Comparative International Development (2009) 44:4. [Entire issue devoted to dependency theory] Topik, Stephen. 1998. “Dependency Revisited: Saving the Baby from the Bathwater.” Latin American Perspectives 25:6 (November) 95-9. Van Rossem, Ronan. 1996. “The World System Paradigm as General Theory of Development: A Cross- National Test.” American Sociological Review 61:3 (June) 508-27. *Vernengo, Matias. ?? “Dependency theory.” Unpublished manuscript, University of Utah. www.econ.utah.edu/~vernengo/papers/princeton.pdf Vernengo, Matias. 2006. “Technology, Finance and Dependency: Latin American Radical Political Economy in Retrospect.” Review of Radical Political Economics 38:4 (Fall) 551-68. *Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974a. The Modern World-System. Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press. [NB: ch 7] Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974b. “The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System: Concepts for Comparative Analysis.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 16:4. *Wibbels, Erik. 2006. “Dependency Revisited: International Markets, Business Cycles, and Social Spending in the Developing World.” International Organization 60:2. 433-68. Williams, Eric E. 1944. Capitalism and Slavery. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

STATEBUILDING (DATE)

Misc Anderson, Perry. 1974. Lineages of the Absolutist State. London: New Left Books. Bates, Robert H. 1983. “The Centralization of African Societies.” In Essays on the Political Economy of Rural Africa (Cambridge University Press) 21-49. Bates, Robert H. 2008. “State Failure.” Annual Review of Political Science 11, 1-12. Bates, Robert H. 2008. When Things Fell Apart: State Failure in Late-Century Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bendix, Reinhard. 1964. Nation-Building and Citizenship. Berkeley: University of California Press. Bendix, Reinhard. 1978. Kings or People: Power and the Mandate to Rule. Berkeley: University of California Press. Besley, Timothy; Torsten Persson. 2009. “The Origins of State Capacity: Property Rights, Taxation, and Politics.” American Economic Review 99:4, 1218–44. Boone, Catherine. 2003. Political Topographies of the African State: Territorial Authority and Institutional Choice. Cambridge University Press. *Centeno, Miguel. 1997. “Blood and Debt: War and Taxation in Latin America.” American Journal of Sociology, 102:6, 1565-1605. Downing, Brian M. 1992. The Military Revolution and Political Change: Origins of Democracy and Autocracy in Early Modern Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Ertman, Thomas. 1997. Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Evans, Peter B.; Dietrich Rueschemeyer; Theda Skocpol (eds). 1985. Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [NB ch 1] Finer, Samuel E. 1997. The History of Government, vols 1-3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fukuyama, Francis. 2004. State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Geddes, Barbara. 1994. Politician’s Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press. [find the article version] Gerschenkron, Alexander. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Hall, John A. (ed). 1986. States in History. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Herbst, Jeffrey. 1990. “War and the State in Africa.” International Security 14 (Spring) 117-39. Herbst, Jeffrey. 2000. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Hintze, Otto. 1975. The Historical Essays of Otto Hintze, ed. Felix Gilbert. New York: Oxford University Press. *Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press. [NB ch 1] Jackson, Robert H.; Carl G. Rosberg. 1982. Personal Rule in Black Africa: Prince, Autocrat, Prophet, Tyrant. Berkeley: University of California Press. Lange, Matthew. 2005. “The Rule of Law and Development: A Weberian Framework of States and State- Society Relations.” In Matthew Lange & Dietrich Rueschemeyer (eds), States and Development: Historical Antecedents of Stagnation and Advance (London: Palgrave/Macmillan) 48-66. Lange, Matthew, Dietrich Rueschemeyer (eds). 2005. States and Development: Historical Antecedents of Stagnation and Advance. London: Palgrave/Macmillan. Levi, Margaret. 1981. “The Predatory Theory of Rule.” Politics and Society 10:4, 431-65. Levi, Margaret. 1988. Of Rule and Revenue. Berkeley: University of California Press. Levi, Margaret. 2002. “The State of the Study of the State.” In Helen Milner & (eds), Political Science: The State of the Discipline, Centennial Edition 33-55. Mann, Michael. 1986. The Sources of Social Power, Volume I: A History of Power from the Beginnings to 1760 AD. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Migdal, Joel S. 1988. Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press. North, Douglass C. 1994. “The Historical Evolution of Polities.” International Review of Law and Economics 14:4, 381-391. Olson, Mancur. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press. Olson, Mancur. 2000. “The Criminal Metaphor.” In Power and Prosperity (New York: Basic Books) 3-24. *Petersen, Michael Bang; Svend-Erik Skaaning. 2010. “Ultimate Causes of State Formation: The Significance of Biogeography, Diffusion, and Neolithic Revolutions.” Historical Social Research 35:3, 200-26. Poggi, Gianfranco. 1978. The Development of the Modern State. Stanford: Stanford University Press. *Putterman, Louis; David N. Weil. 2010. “Post-1500 Population Flows and the Long-Run Determinants of Economic Growth and Inequality.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 125:4, 1627-82. Rokkan, Stein, Peter Flora, Stein Kuhnle, Derek W. Urwin. 1998. State formation, Nation-building, and Mass Politics in Europe. The Theory of Stein Rokkan Based on His Collected Works. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rotberg, Robert I. 2003. “Failed States, Collapsed States, Weak States: Causes and Consequences.” In State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror (Washington: Brookings) ch 1. *Scott, James C. 2009. The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press. Sorensen, Georg. 2001. “War and State-Making: Why Doesn’t It Work in the Third World?” Security Dialogue 32, 341-54. Spruyt, Hendrick. 2002. “The Origins, Development, and Possible Decline of the Modern State.” Annual Review of Political Science 5, 127-49. *Spruyt, Hendrick. 2007. “War, Trade, and State Formation.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 211-36. Strayer, Joseph R. 1970. On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Taylor, Brian D.; Roxana Botea. 2008. “Tilly Tally: War-Making and State-Making in the Contemporary Third Word.” International Studies Review 10, 27-56. Tilly, Charles (ed). 1975. The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press. *Tilly, Charles. 1985. “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime.” In Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol (eds), Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). *Tilly, Charles. 1990. “Cities and States in World History.” In Coercion, Capital and European States, A.D. 990- 1990 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell) 1-37. Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1955. The Old Regime and the French Revolution. Doubleday Anchor. [NB: pp. 22-137, 203-11] Vincent, Andrew. 1991. Theories of the State. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. Vu, Tuong. 2010. “Studying the State through State Formation.” World Politics 62:1 (January) 148-75. Waldner, David. 1999. State Building and Late Development. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, 2 vols., ed. Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich. Berkeley: University of California Press. Widner, Jennifer. 1995. “States and Statelessness in Late Twentieth Century Africa.” Daedalus 124:3 (Summer) 129-54. *Wimmer, Andreas; Yuval Feinstein. 2010. “The Rise of the Nation-state across the World, 1816-2001.” American Sociological Review 74:4.

GOVERNANCE, STATE CAPACITY, BUREAUCRACY, RULE OF LAW (DATE)

Misc Grindle, Merilee S. (ed). 1998. Getting Good Government: Capacity Building in the Public Sectors of Developing Countries. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Holmberg, Soren; Bo Rothstein; Naghmeh Nasiritousi. 2009. “Quality of Government: What you Get.” Annual Review of Political Science 12, 135-61. Katzenstein, Peter J. (ed). 1978. Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States. Madison: University of Wisconsin. Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay; Massimo Mastruzzi. 2007. “Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996-2006.” Washington: World Bank. *Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.

The Developmental State Amsden, Alice H. 1989. Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Azfar, Omar; Charles Cadwell (eds). 2002. Market-Augmenting Government: The Institutional Foundations for Prosperity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Bates, Robert H. 2006. “The Role of the State in Economic Development.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 708-22. Doner, Richard F.; Bryan K. Ritchie; Dan Slater. 2005. “Systemic Vulnerability and the Origins of Developmental States: Northeast and Southeast Asia in Comparative Perspective.” International Organization 59:2 (Spring) 327-61. Evans, Peter B. 1992. “The State as Problem and Solution: Predation, Embedded Autonomy, and Structural Change,” in Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman (eds), The Politics of Economic Adjustment: International Constraints Distributive Conflicts, and the State (Princeton: Princeton University Press). Evans, Peter B. 1995. Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Johnson, Chalmers. 1983. Miti and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [the classic that launched the genre] Lanyi, Anthony; Young Lee. 1999. “Governance Aspects of the East Asian Financial Crisis.” IRIS Working Paper 226, 1999). Robinson, Mark; Gordon White (eds). 1998. The Democratic Developmental State: Politics and Institutional Design. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Subramanian, Arvind. 2001. “Mauritius: A Case Study.” Finance and Development 38:4 (December). Wade, Robert. 1990. Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Weiss, Linda; John M. Hobson. 1996. States and Economic Development: A Comparative Historical Analysis. Polity. *Woo-Cumings, Meredith (ed). 1999. The Developmental State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. [NB: chs 1-5]

Political Institutions at-large – Rule of Law, Transaction cost analysis, Property rights *Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, James A. Robinson. 2001. “Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation.” American Economic Review 91:5, 1369-1401. Acemoglu, Daron; Simon Johnson; James A. Robinson. 2002. “Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 117, 1231-94. Acemoglu, Daron; Simon Johnson; James A. Robinson. 2005. “Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-run Growth.” In Philippe Algion and S. Durlauf (eds), Handbook of Economic Growth (Amsterdam: North-Holland). [earlier draft available on-line] Barzel, Yoram. 2002. A Theory of the State: Economic Rights, Legal Rights, and the Scope of the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brennan, Geoffrey; Alan Hamlin. 2006. “Constitutions as Expressive Documents.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 329-41. Buchanan, James M. 1990. “The Domain of Constitutional Economics.” Constitutional Political Economy 1:1, 1- 18. Buchanan, James M. 2002. “Why Do Constitutions Matter?” In Niclas Berggren, Nils Karlson and Jokim Nergelius (eds), Why Constitutions Matter (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction). Buchanan, James M.; Gordon Tullock. 1962. The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce; Hilton L. Root (eds). 2000. Governing for Prosperity. New Haven: Yale University Press. Coase, Ronald H. 1937. “The Nature of the Firm.” Economica 4:16 (November) 386-405. Coase, Ronald H. 1960. “The Problem of Social Cost.” Journal of Law and Economics 3 (October) 1-44. Engerman, Stanley L.; Kenneth L. Sokoloff. 2008. “Debating the Role of Institutions in Political and Economic Development: Theory, History, and Findings.” Annual Review of Political Science 11, 119-35. *Haggard, Stephan; Andrew MacIntyre; Lydia Tiede. 2008. “The Rule of Law and Economic Development.” Annual Review of Political Science 11, 205-34. Hall, Robert E.; Charles I. Jones. 1999. “Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker Than Others?” Quarterly Journal of Economics 114:1, 83-116. Keefer, Philip. 2009. “Governance.” In Todd Landman, Neil Robinson (eds), The Sage Handbook of Comparative Politics (Sage). [previously assigned] North, Douglass C. 1981. Structure and Change in Economic History. New York: W.W. Norton. North, Douglass C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *North, Douglass C. 1989. “Institutions and Economic Growth: An Historical Introduction.” World Development 17:9, 1319-32. North, Douglass C.; Robert Paul Thomas. 1973. The Rise of the Western World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rodrik, Dani; Arvind Subramanian; Francesco Trebbi. 2004. “Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development.” Journal of Economic Growth 9, 131-65. *Sokoloff, Kenneth L.; Stanley L. Engerman. 2000. “History Lessons: Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14:3 (Summer) 217-32. Williamson, Oliver E. 1975. Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications. New York: Free Press.

Bureaucracy, Public Administration Allison, Graham T. 1969. “Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis.” American Political Science Review 63, 689-718. Allison, Graham T. 1971. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston: Little, Brown. Bardach, Eugene. 1977. The Implementation Game: What Happens After a Bill Becomes a Law. Cambridge: MIT Press. Barnard, Chester. I. 1938. The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Barzelay, Michael. 2001. The New Public Management: Improving Research and Policy Dialogue. Berkeley: University of California Press. Carpenter, Daniel P. 2001. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Coase, Ronald H. 1937. “The Nature of the Firm.” Economica 4:16 (November) 386-405. Crozier, Michael J. 1964. The Bureaucratic Phenomenon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Dahl, Robert A.; Charles E. Lindblom. 1953. Politics, Economics, and Welfare: Planning and Politico-Economic Systems Resolved into Basic Social Processes. New York: Harper. Downs, Anthony. 1965. “A Theory of Bureaucracy.” American Economic Review 55:1/2 (March) 439-46. Downs, Anthony. 1967. Inside Bureaucracy. Boston: Little, Brown. Etzioni, Amitai. 1961. A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press. *Evans, Peter B.; James Rauch. 1999. “Bureaucracy and Growth: A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects of ‘Weberian’ State Structures on Economic Growth.” American Sociological Review 64:5 (October) 748-65. [review] Goldsmith, S.; W. E. Eggers. 2004. Governing by Network: The New Shape of the Public Sector. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. Goodsell, Charles T. 2004. The Case for Bureaucracy: A Public Administration Polemic, 4th ed. Washington: CQ Press. Halperin, Morton H. 1974. Bureaucracy and Foreign Policy. Washington: Brookings Institution. Kaufman, Herbert. 1960. The Forest Ranger: A Study in Administrative Behavior. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Kaufman, Herbert. 1977. Red Tape: Its Origins, Uses, and Abuses. Washington: Brookings Institution. Kettl, Donald F. 2006. “Public Bureaucracies.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 366-84. LaPalombara, Joseph (ed). 1963. Bureaucracy and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Lindblom, Charles E. 1959. “The Science of ‘Muddling Through.’” Public Administration Review 19, 79-88. Lipsky, Michael. 1980. Street-Level Bureaucrats: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Okten, Cagla; K. Peren Arin. 2006. “The Effects of Privatization on Efficiency: How Does Privatization Work?” World Development 34:9, 1537–56. Pressman, Jeffrey L.; . 1973. Implementation. Berkeley: University of California Press. *Schiavo-Campo, Salvatore; Pachampet Sundaram. 2001. To Serve and to Preserve: Improving Public Administration in a Competitive World. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank. [An excellent comparative introduction] Scott, W. Richard; Gerald F. Davis. 2006. Organizations and Organizing: Rational, Natural and Open Systems Perspectives. Prentice-Hall. [a classic textbook; there are many editions] Simon, Herbert A. 1947. Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization. New York: Free Press. Weber, Max. 1946. “Bureaucracy.” In Gerth and Mills (eds), From Max Weber (Oxford) 196-244. Wilson, James Q. 1989. Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. New York: Basic Books. Wood, B. Dan; Richard W. Waterman. 1991. “The Dynamics of Political Control of the Bureaucracy.” American Political Science Review 85:801–28.

REGIME-TYPE (DATE)

Conceptualization and Measurement Coppedge, Michael; John Gerring et al. 2011. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: A New Approach.” Perspectives on Politics. Dahl, Robert A. 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press. Hadenius, Axel; Jan Teorell. 2005. “Assessing Alternative Indices of Democracy.” Working paper, Committee on Concepts and Methods. Munck, Gerardo L.; Jay Verkuilen. 2002. “Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices.” Comparative Political Studies 35:1, 5-34. Przeworski, Adam. 2006. “Self-Enforcing Democracy.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 312-28. Schumpeter, Joseph A. 1942/1950. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper & Bros.

Accountability Fearon, James D. 1999a. “Electoral Accountability and the Control of Politicians: Selecting Good Types versus Sanctioning Poor Performance.” In , Susan Stokes, and Bernard Manin (eds), Democracy, Accountability, and Representation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Laver, Michael; Kenneth Shepsle. 1999. “Government Accountability in Parliamentary Democracy.” In Bernard Manin, Adam Przeworski, and Susan Stokes (eds.), Democracy, Accountability, and Representation. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 279-96. Maravall, Jose Maria. 2007. “Accountability and the Survival of .” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 910-39. *O’Donnell, Guillermo. 1998. “Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies.” Journal of Democracy 9:3, 112- 26. Schedler, Andreas. 1999. “Conceptualizing Accountability.” In Andreas Schedler, Larry Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner (eds), The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies (Boulder: Lynne Rienner).

Premodern history Dunn, John. 2006. Democracy: A History. Atlantic Monthly Press. Ober, Josiah. 2008. “What the Ancient Greeks Can Tell Us About Democracy.” Annual Review of Political Science 11, 67-91.

Non-democracy (Autocracy,Dictatorship,…) Gandhi, Jennifer. 2008. Political Institutions Under Dictatorship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Haber, Samuel. 2006. “Authoritarian Government.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 693-707. *Megaloni, Beatriz; Ruth Kricheli. 2010. “Political Order and One-Party Rule.” Annual Review of Political Science. *Way, Lucan A.; Steven Levitsky. 2002. “The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy 13:2, 51-65. Wintrobe, R. 2006. “Dictatorship: Analytic Approaches.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 363-95.

As Outcome Acemoglu, Daron; James A. Robinson. 2005. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. A helpful review: Miriam Golden in Perspectives on Politics 7:1 (March 2009) 195-7. *Robinson, James A. 2006. “Economic Development and Democracy.” Annual Review of Political Science 9, 503-27. [Summary of Acemoglu, Robinson 2005] Bates, Robert H.; Da-Hsiang Donald Lien. 1985. “A Note on Taxation, Development, and Representative Government.” Politics and Society 14:1, 53-70. Boix, Carles, Susan C. Stokes. 2003. “Endogenous Democratization.” World Politics 55:4 (July) 517-49. Collier, David (ed). 1979. The New Authoritarianism in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press. *Coppedge, Michael. forthcoming. Approaching Democracy: Research Methods in Comparative Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Epstein, David L.; Robert Bates; Jack Goldstone; Ida Kristensen; Sharyn O’Halloran. 2006. “Democratic Transitions.” American Journal of Political Science 50:3 (July) 551-69. Geddes, Barbara. 2007. “What Causes Democratization?” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 317-39. Huntington, Samuel P. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1959. “Some Social Prerequisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy.” American Political Science Review 53, 69-105. Luebbert, Gregory M. 1987. “Social Foundations of Political Order in Interwar Europe.” World Politics 39, 449-78. Luebbert, Gregory M. 1991. Liberalism, Fascism, or Social Democracy: Social Classes and the Political Origins of Regimes in Interwar Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press. *Moore, Barrington, Jr. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press. Skocpol, Theda. 1973. “A Critical Review of Barrington Moore’s Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy.” Politics & Society 4:1, 1-34. North, Douglass C. 1995. “The Paradox of the West.” In R.W. Davis (ed), The Origins of Modern Freedom in the West (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995) 1-34. *O’Donnell, Guillermo A., Philippe Schmitter. 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Przeworski, Adam; Fernando Limongi. 1997. “Modernization: Theories and Facts.” World Politics 49 (January) 155-83. Rueschemeyer, Dietrich; Evelyne Huber Stephens; John D. Stephens. 1992. Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Teorell, Jan. In process. Determinants of Democratization: Explaining Regime Change in the World, 1972-2002. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

As Cause and Effect Milner, Helen V.; Bumba Mukherjee. 2009. “Democratization and Economic Globalization.” Annual Review of Political Science 12, 163-81. North, Douglass C.; Barry R. Weingast. 1989. “Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England.” Journal of Economic History 49, 803- 32. Przeworski, Adam; Michael Alvarez; Jose Antonio Cheibub; Fernando Limongi. 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Material Well-Being in the World, 1950-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

As Causal Factor Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce; Alastair Smith; Randolph M. Siverson; James D. Morrow. 2003. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge: MIT Press. *Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, James D. Morrow, Randolph Siverson, and Alastair Smith. 2001. “Political Competition and Economic Growth.” Journal of Democracy 12:1 (January). *Carbone, Giovanni. 2009. “The Consequences of Democratization.” Journal of Democracy 20:2 (April) 123-37. *Gerring, John; Philip Bond; William Barndt; Carola Moreno. 2005. “Democracy and Growth: A Historical Perspective.” World Politics 57:3 (April) 323-64.

(DE)CENTRALIZATION (DATE)

Federalism Beramendi, Pablo. 2007. “Federalism.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 752-82. Buchanan, James M. 1995. “Federalism as an Ideal Political Order and an Objective for Constitutional Reform.” Publius: The Journal of Federalism 25:2, 19-27. *Galligan, Brian. 2006. “Comparative Federalism.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 261-80. Karmis, Kimitrios & Wayne Norman (eds). 2005. Theories of Federalism: A Reader. Palgrave/Macmillan. Riker, William H. 1964. Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance. Boston: Little, Brown. Riker, William H. 1969. “Six Books in Search of a Subject, or Does Federalism Exist and Does it Matter?” Comparative Politics 1 (October) 135-46. Rodden, Jonathan. 2006. “Federalism.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 357-72. Thoenig, Jean-Claude. 2006. “Territorial Institutions.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 281-302. Watts, Ronald L. 1999. Comparing Federal Systems. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press. Wibbels, Erik. 2006. “Madison in Baghdad? Decentralization and Federalism in Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 9, 165-88.

Local Government *Bierschenk, Thomas; Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan. 1997. “Local Powers and a Distant State in Rural Central African Republic.” Journal of Modern African Studies 35:3, 441-68. Crook, Richard C.; James Manor. 1998. Democracy and Decentralization: Local Government in South Asia and West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Humes, S.; E.M. Martin. 1969. The Structure of Local Government: A Comparative Survey of 81 Countries. The Hague: International Union of Local Authorities. *Kaufmann, Daniel; Frannie Leautier; Massimo Mastruzzi. 2005. “Governance and the City: An Empirical Exploration in to Global Determinants of Urban Performance.” Ms. [you can find various versions of this paper on the web, e.g., http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450- 3712 McCarney, P.L.; R.E. Stern (eds.). 2003. Governance on the Ground: Innovations and Disctontinuities in Cities of the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Murphy, Russell D. 2002. “Politics, Political Science, and Urban Governance: A Literature and a Legacy.” Annual Review of Political Science 5, 63-85. Stoker, Gerry. 2006. “Comparative Local Governance.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 495-513. [OECD only; not very interesting] Trounstine, Jessica. 2010. “Representation and Accountability in Cities.” Annual Review of Political Science 13, 407-23. [US only] Tsai, Lily Lee. 2007a. Accountability without Democracy: How Solidary Groups Provide Public Goods in Rural China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Tsai, Lily Lee. 2007b. “Solidary Groups, Informal Accountability, and Local Public Goods Provision in Rural China.” American Political Science Review 101:2 (May) 355-72. Wade, Robert. 1997. “How Infrastructure Agencies Motivate Staff: Canal Irrigation in India and the Republic of Korea.” In A. Mody (ed), Infrastructure Strategies in East Asia (Washington: World Bank) 109-30.

General/Theoretical *Bardhan, Pranab. 2002. “Decentralization of Governance and Development.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 16:4 (Fall) 185-205. Bardhan, Pranab; Dilip Mookherjee (eds). 2006. Decentralization and Local Governance in Developing Countries: A Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: MIT Press. Bardhan, Pranab; Dilip Mookherjee. 2005. “Decentralization, Corruption and Government Accountability: An Overview.” In Susan Rose-Ackerman (ed), Handbook of Economic Corruption (Edward Elgar). Fung, Archon. 2008. “Democratizing the Policy Process.” In Michael Moran, Martin Rein, and Robert E. Goodin (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Public Policy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 667-83. *Gerring, John; Strom Thacker. 2008. A Centripetal Theory of Democratic Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gerring, John; Strom Thacker; Carola Moreno. 2005. “Centripetal Democratic Governance: A Theory and Global Inquiry.” American Political Science Review 99:4 (November) 567-81. Lijphart, Arend. 1999. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press. Musgrave, Richard A. 1959. The Theory of Public Finance. New York: McGraw-Hill. Oates, Wallace E. 1999. “An Essay on Fiscal Federalism.” Journal of Economic Literature 37:3, 1120-49. Persson, Torsten; Guido Tabellini. 2003. The Economic Effects of Constitutions: What do the Data Say? Cambridge: MIT Press. Review: Acemoglu, Daron. 2005. “Constitutions, Politics, and Economics: A Review Essay on Persson and Tabellini’s The Economic Effects of Constitutions.” Journal of Economic Literature 43:4 (December) 1025- 48. Prud’homme, Remy. 1995. “The Dangers of Decentralization.” World Bank Research Observer 10:2 (August) 201-20. Qian, Yingyi; Barry Weingast. 1997. “Federalism as a Commitment to Market Incentives.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 11:4 (Fall) 83-92. Steinmo, Sven. 1989. “Political Institutions and Tax Policy in the United States, Sweden, and Britain.” World Politics 41:4 (July) 500-535. Tiebout, Charles M. 1956. “A Pure Theory of Local Government Expenditure.” Journal of Political Economy 64, 416-24. Treisman, Daniel S. 2007. The Architecture of Government: Rethinking Political Decentralization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Tsai, Lily L.; Daniel Ziblatt. 2011. “The Rise of Subnational and Multilevel Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 14. Tsebelis, George. 1995. “Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, Multicameralism, and Multipartyism.” British Journal of Political Science 25, 289-325. *Tsebelis, George. 2000. “Veto Players in Institutional Analysis.” Governance 13:4 (October). Tsebelis, George. 2002. Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press. *Weingast, Barry R. 1995. “The Economic Role of Political Institutions: Market-Preserving Federalism and Economic Development.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 11:1, 1-31.

THE NEXUS OF INTERESTS AND POLICYMAKING (DATE)

Responsiveness, Representation Huber, John D. and G. Bingham Powell. 1994. “Congruence between Citizens and Policymakers in Two Visions of Liberal Democracy.” World Politics 46 (April) 291-326. Powell, G. Bingham, Jr. 2000. Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions. New Haven: Yale University Press. Powell, G. Bingham, Jr. 2004a. “The Chain of Responsiveness.” Journal of Democracy 15:4 (October) 91-105. *Powell, G. Bingham, Jr. 2004b. “Political Representation in Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 7, 273-96. Powell, G. Bingham, Jr. 2007. “Aggregating and Representing Political Preferences.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 653-77.

Inequality Boix, Carles. 2003. Democracy and Redistribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Glaeser, Edward L. 2006. “Inequality.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 624-41.

Policy drives Politics *Campbell, Andrea. 2011. “Policy Makes Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 14.

Corporatism *Molina, Oscar; Martin Rhodes. 2002. “Corporatism: The Past, Present, and Future of a Concept.” Annual Review of Political Science 5, 305-31. [find something better] *Schmitter, Philippe C. 1974. “Still the Century of Corporatism?” Review of Politics 36, 85-131. Wilson, Graham K. 1992. “Interest Groups and the Constitution.” In Peter F. Nardulli (ed), The Constitution and American Political Development: An Institutional Perspective (Urbana: University of Illinois Press).

Varieties of Capitalism and related work *Hall, Peter A.; David Soskice (eds). 2001. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Introduction] Howell, Chris. 2003. “Varieties of Capitalism: And Then There was One?” Comparative Politics 36:1 (October). Iversen, Torben. 2006. “Capitalism and Democracy.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 601-23. Iverson, Torben; David Soskice. 2006. “New Macroeconomics and Political Science.” Annual Review of Political Science 9, 425-53. Iversen, Torben; David Soskice. 2006. “Electoral Institutions and the Politics of Coalitions: Why Some Democracies Redistribute More than Others.” American Political Science Review 100:2, 165-81. Martin, Cathie Jo; Duane Swank. 2004. “Does the Organization of Capital Matter?” American Political Science Review 98:4 (November) 593-611. Martin, Cathie Jo; Duane Swank. 2008. “The Political Origins of Coordinated Capitalism.” American Political Science Review (May)

Interest Group Organization and Influence Baumgartner, Frank R.; Beth L. Leech. 1998. Basic Interests. Princeton: Princeton University Press. [Overview of the field, focused mostly on US politics] Becker, Gary. 1983. “A Theory of Competition Among Pressure Groups for Political Influence.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 98, 371-400. Bentley, Arthur. 1908/1967. The Process of Government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Berger, Suzanne (ed). 1981. Organizing Interests in Western Europe: Pluralism, Corporatism and the Transformation of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dixit, Avinash; John Londregan. 1996. “The Determinants of Success of Special Interests in Redistributive Politics.” Journal of Politics 58:4 (November) 1132-55. Golden, Miriam; Brian Min. 2011. “Distributive Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 14. [next time] Gourevitch, Peter A. 1986. Politics In Hard Times: Comparative Responses To International Economic Crises. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Gray, Virginia; David Lowery. 2000. Population Ecology of Interest Representation: Lobbying Communities in the American States. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Hirschman, Albert. 1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Lindblom, Charles E. 1977. Politics and Markets: The World’s Political-Economic Systems. New York: Basic Books. Lowi, Theodore. 1969. The End of Liberalism. New York: Norton. Lowi, Theodore. 1972. “Four Systems of Policy, Politics, and Choice.” Public Administration Review 32:4 (July- August) 298-310. *Martin, Cathie Jo. 1995. “Nature or Nurture? Sources of Firm Preference for National Health Reform.” American Political Science Review 89:4 (December) 898-913. Olson, Mancur. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press. Persson, Torsten; Guido Tabellini. 1999. “The Size and Scope of Government: Comparative Politics with Rational Politicians.” European Economic Review 43:4-6, 699-735. *Rogowski, Ronald. 1989. Commerce and Coalitions. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Salisbury, Robert H. 1984. “Interest Representation: The Dominance of Institutions.” American Political Science 78, 64-76. Schattschneider, E.E. 1935. Politics, Pressure, and the Tariff. New York: Prentice Hall. *Schattschneider, E.E. 1960. The Semi-Sovereign People. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Truman, David B. 1951. The Governmental Process. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Walker, Jack L., Jr. 1983. “The Origins and Maintenance of Interest Groups in America.” American Political Science Review 77, 390-406. Wilson, James Q. 1973. Political Organizations. New York: Basic Books.

Agricultural Policy; Rural Politics Bates, Robert H. 1983. Essays on the Political Economy of Rural Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press. [perhaps assign sections of] *Bates, Robert H. 1984. Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Bases of Agricultural Policies. Berkeley: University of California Press. *Binswanger, Hans P. and Klaus Deininger. 1997. “Explaining Agricultural and Agrarian Policies in Developing Countries.” Policy Research Working Paper 1765. Washington: World Bank, Agriculture and Natural Resources Department. [The first section is good summary of agricultural policy issues.] Hoff, Karla; Joseph Stiglitz (eds). 1993. The Economics of Rural Organization: Theory, Practice, and Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lipton, Michael. 1977. Why Poor People Stay Poor: Urban Bias in World Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Paarlberg, Robert. 2010. Food Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Varshney, Ashutosh. 1998. Democracy, Development, and the Countryside. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS (DATE)

General *Helmke, Gretchen; Steven Levitsky. 2004. “Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda.” Perspectives on Politics 2:4 (December) 725-40.

Collective Action Problems and Non-state Solutions Gardner, Roy; Ostrom, Elinor; James M Walker. 1990. “The Nature of Common-Pool Resource Problems.” Rationality and Society 2:3 (July) 335-358. Kindleberger, Charles. 1973. The World in Depression: 1929-1939. Berkeley: University of California Press. *Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Goods. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Ostrom, Elinor. 1990. Governing the Commons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [NB: chs. 1,2,6, pp. 1- 57, 182-216] Ostrom, Elinor. 2005. Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Ostrom, Elinor. 2010. “Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems.” American Economic Review 100:3 (June) 641-72. Ostrom, Elinor; Roy Gardner; James M. Walker. 1994. Rules, Games, and Common-Pool Resources. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Taylor, Michael. 1987. The Possibility of Cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Networks, Political Communication Guest speaker: Prof. Laurel Smith-Doerr? Ansell, Christopher. 2006. “Network Institutionalism.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 75-89. Deutsch, Karl. 1963. The Nerves of Government. New York: Free Press. Goldsmith, S.; W. E. Eggers. 2004. Governing by Network: The New Shape of the Public Sector. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. *Granovetter, Mark S. 1973. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” American Journal of Sociology 78:6 (May) 1360-80. *Keck, Margaret; Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. [ch 1] Knoke, David. 1990. Political Networks: The Structural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Knoke, David, Jeffrey Broadbent, Yutaka Tsujinaka, Franz Pappi (eds). 1996. Comparing Policy Networks: Labor Politics in U.S., Germany, and Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ward, Michael; Katherine Stovel; Audrey Sacks. 2011. “Network Analysis and Political Science.” Annual Review of Political Science 14.

Clientelism *Hicken, Allen. 2011. “Clientelism.” Annual Review of Political Science 14. Keefer, Philip; Stuti Khemani. 2009. “When Do Legislators Pass on Pork? The Role of Political Parties in Determining Legislator Effort.” American Political Science Review 103:1 (February) 99-112. Kitschelt, Herbert; Steven I. Wilkinson (eds). 2006. Patrons, Clients and Policies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Piattoni, Simona (ed). 2001. Clientelism, Interests, and Democratic Representation: The European Experience in Historical and Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Popkin, Samuel. 1979. The Rational Peasant. Berkeley: University of California Press. [NB: pp. 1-31] Schmidt, Steffen W.; Karl Lande; Laura Guasti; James C. Scott (eds). 1977. Friends, Followers, and Factions: A Reader in Political Clientelism. Berkeley: University of California Press. Schaffer, Frederic C. (ed). 2007. Elections for Sale: The Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying. Lynne Rienner. Scott, James. 1976. The Moral Economy of the Peasant. New Haven: Yale University Press. [NB: pp. 1-34] *Stokes, Susan C. 2007. “Political Clientelism.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 604-27. Wantchekon, Leonard. 2003. “Clientelism and Voting Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Benin.” World Politics (April) 399-422.

Corruption *Bardhan, Pranab. 1997. “Corruption and Development: A Review of Issues.” Journal of Economic Literature 35, 1320-46. Elliott, Kimberly. 1997. “Corruption as an International Policy Problem.” In Kimberly Elliott (ed), Corruption and the Global Economy (Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics) chapter 10. Fisman, Raymond; Edward Miguel. 2008. Economic Gangsters. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Gambetta, Diego. 2002. “Corruption: An Analytical Map.” In Kotkin and Sajo (eds), Political Corruption in Transition: A Skeptic's Handbook (Budapest and NYC: Central European Press). Johnston, Michael; Arnold J. Heidenheimer (eds). 2002. Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts. New Brunswick: Transaction. [there are multiple editions of this handbook, each a little different in composition] *Olken, Benjamin A. 2007. “Monitoring Corruption: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia.” Journal of Political Economy 115:2, 200-49. Rose-Ackerman, Susan. 1999. Corruption and Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Scott, James C. 1972. Comparative Political Corruption. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. *Treisman, Daniel. 2007. “What Have We Learned About the Causes of Corruption from Ten Years of Cross-National Empirical Research?” Annual Review of Political Science 10, 211-44.

CULTURE (I) (DATE)

Civil Society, Social Capital, Social Cohesion Berman, Sheri. 1997. “Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic.” World Politics 49:3, 401-29. Boix, Carles; Daniel N. Posner. 1998. “Social Capital: Its Origins and Effects on Governmental Performance.” British Journal of Political Science 28:4 (October) 686-93. Brehm, John; Wendy Rahn. 1997. “Individual-Level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital.” American Journal of Political Science 41:3 (July) 999-1023. Coleman, James S. 1988. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journal of Sociology 94 (supplement) S95-S120. Dasgupta, Partha and I. Serageldin (eds). 2000. Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Easterly, William; Jozef Ritzen; Michael Woolcock. 2006. “Social Cohesion, Institutions, and Growth.” Economics and Politics 18:2 (July) 103-20. Ehrenberg, J. 1999. Civil Society: The Critical History of an Idea. New York: New York University Press. Foley, Michael; Bob Edwards. 1999. “Is It Time to Disinvest in Social Capital?” Journal of Public Policy 19:2, 141-73. Greif, Avner. 1989. “Reputation and Coalitions in Medieval Trade: Evidence on the Maghribi Traders.” Journal of Economic History 49, 857-82. Hall, John A. 1995. Civil Society: Theory, History, Comparison. Cambridge: Polity Press. Hall, John A.; F. Trentmann (eds). 2005. Civil Society: A Reader in History, Theory and Global Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Knack, Stephen; Philip Keefer. 1997. “Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff?: A Cross-Country Investigation.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 112, 1251-88. Loury, Glenn. 1977. “A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences.” In P.A. Wallace and A. LeMund (eds), Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books) 153-88. Paxton, Pamela. 2002. “Social Capital and Democracy: An Interdependent Relationship.” American Sociological Review 67:2 (April) 254-77. Portes, Alejandro. 2000. “The Two Meanings of Social Capital.” Sociological Forum 15:1, 1-12. Putnam, Robert D. et al. 1983. “Explaining Institutional Success: The Case of Italian Regional Government.” American Political Science Review 77:1 (March) 55-74. *Putnam, Robert D. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Levi, Margaret. 1996. “Social and Unsocial Capital: A Review Essay of Robert Putnam’s Making Democracy Work.: Politics & Society 24:1 (March) 45-55. Putnam, Robert. 1995. “Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America.” PS: Political Science and Politics 28:4 (December) 664-83. Tabellini, Guido. 2005. “Culture and Institutions: Economic Development in the Regions of Europe.” Ms. Woolcock, Michael. 1998. “Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework.” Theory and Society 27:2, 151-208. *Woolcock, Michael. 2010. “The Rise and Routinization of Social Capital, 1988-2008.” Annual Review of Political Science 13 (May).

Ethnicity, Language, Caste, Race Abdelal, Rawi; Yoshiko M. Herrera; Alastair Iain Johnston; Rose McDermott (eds). 2009. Measuring Identity: A Guide for Social Scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Ahlerup, Pelle; Ola Olsson. 2010. “The Roots of Ethnic Diversity.” Unpublished manuscript, University of Gothenburg. Axelrod, Robert. 1997. “The Dissemination of Culture: A Model with Local Convergence and Global Polarization.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 41, 203-26. Bates, Robert. 1974. “Ethnic Competition and Modernization in Contemporary Africa.” Comparative Political Studies (January) 457-83. Bednar, Jenna; Scott E. Page. 2006. “Can Game(s) Theory Explain Culture? The Emergence of Cultural Behavior within Multiple Games.” Rationality and Society 18. Chamarbagwala, Rubiana; Martin Ranger. 2006. “Son Preference, Voting Behavior, and India’s Missing Women.” Unpublished paper. Chandra, Kanchan. 2006. “What is Ethnic Identity and Does it Matter?” Annual Review of Political Science 9, 397-424. DiMaggio, Paul. 1994. “Culture and Economy.” In Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg (eds), The Handbook of Economic Sociology (Princeton: Princeton University Press). Fearon, James. 1998. “Commitment Problems and the Spread of Ethnic Conflict.” In David A. Lake and Donald Rothchild (eds), The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict (Princeton: Princeton University Press) 107- 26. Fearon, James. 2003. “Ethnic Structure and Cultural Diversity by Country.” Journal of Economic Growth 8, 195- 222. Greif, Avner. 1994. “Cultural Beliefs and the Organization of Society: A Historical and Theoretical Reflection on Collectivist and Individualist Societies.” Journal of Political Economy 102:5, 912-50. Habyarimana, James; Macartan Humphreys; Daniel N. Posner; Jeremy Weinstein. 2007. “Why Does Ethnic Diversity Undermine Public Goods Provision?: An Experimental Approach.” American Political Science Review 101:4, 709-25. Habyarimana, James; Macartan Humphreys; Daniel N. Posner; Jeremy Weinstein. 2009. Coethnicity: Diversity and the Dilemmas of Collective Action. New York: Russell Sage. Hardin, Russell. 1995. One for All: The Logic of Group Conflict. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Harrison, Lawrence E.; Samuel P. Huntington (eds). 2000. Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress. New York: Basic Books. Henrich, J. 2000. “Does Culture Matter in Economic Behavior?” American Economic Review 90:4, 973-9. Hoff, Karla; Priyanka Pandey. 2004. “Belief Systems and Durable Inequalities: An Experimental Investigation of Indian Caste.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series 3351. Horowitz, Donald L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press. Ioannides, Yannis M. 2010. “A Review of Scott E. Page’s The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies.” Journal of Economic Literature 48:1, 108-22. Jones, Eric L. 2006. Cultures Merging: A Historical and Economic Critique of Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Kuran, Timur. 1998. “Ethnic Norms and their Transformation through Reputational Cascades.” Journal of Legal Studies xxcii (June) 623-59. *Laitin, David D. 1985. “Hegemony and Religious Conflict: British Imperial control and Political Cleavages in Yorubaland.” In Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol (eds), Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 285-316. Laitin, David D. 1988. “Political Culture and Political Preferences.” American Political Science Review 82:2, 589- 93. Laitin, David D. 1992. Language Repertoires and State Construction in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Laitin, David D. 1998. Identity in Formation. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Laitin, David D. 2000. “What is a Language Community?” American Journal of Political Science 44:1, 142-55. Lieberman, Evan S. 2009. Boundaries of Contagion: How Ethnic Politics have Shaped Government Responses to AIDS. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Michalopoulos, Stelios. 2007. “The Origins of Ethnolinguistic Diversity: Theory and Evidence.” Unpublished manuscript. *Posner, Daniel N. 2004. “The Political Salience of Cultural Difference: Why Chewas and Tumbukas are Allies in Zambia and Adversaries in Malawi.” American Political Science Review 98:4 (November) 529-46. Posner, Daniel N. 2005. Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

CULTURE (II) (DATE)

Religion and Other World Cultures Cantoni, Davide. 2009. “The Economic Effects of the Protestant Reformation: Testing the Weber Hypothesis in the German Lands.” Unpublished manuscript. Eisenstadt, S.N. (ed). 1969. The Protestant Ethic and Modernization: A Comparative View. New York: Basic Books. *Gill, Anthony. 2001. “Religion and Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 4, 117-38. Green, John. 2010. “Religion and Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science (May). *Guiso, Luigi; Paola Sapienza; Luigi Zingales. 2006. “Does Culture Affect Economic Outcomes?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 20:2 (Spring) 23-48. *Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs 72:3 (Summer). Huntington, Samuel P. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster. Norris, Pippa; . 2004. Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Philpott, Daniel. 2009. “Has the Study of Global Politics Found Religion?” Annual Review of Political Science 12, 183-202. Sadowski, Yahya. 2006. “Political Islam: Asking the Wrong Questions?” Annual Review of Political Science 9, 215- 40. Tabellini, Guido. 2005. “Culture and Institutions: Economic Development in the Regions of Europe.” Ms. Weber, Max. 1904-05/1958. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Charles Scribner's.

National Identity, Nationalism Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, revised ed. London: Verso. Brubaker, Rogers. 1998. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. *Darden, Keith. 2011. “Nationalism.” Annual Review of Political Science 14. *Gellner, Ernest. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Giddens, Anthony. 1985. The Nation State and Violence. Cambridge: Polity Press. Guibernau, Monserrat; John Hutchinson (eds). 2001. Understanding Nationalism. Polity. Hobsbawm, Eric; Terence Ranger (eds). 1992. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Marx, Anthony W. 2003. Faith in Nation: Exclusionary Origins of Nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press. Renan, Ernest. 1882. “What is a Nation?” [Qu’est-ce qu-une nation?] In Discours et Conferences (Paris: Calman-Levy, 1887) 277-310. Reprinted in Geoff Eley and Ronald Grigor Suny (eds), Becoming National: A Reader (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996) 41-55. Smith, Anthony D. 1988. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell. Weber, Eugen. 1979. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Political Culture Almond, Gabriel A.; . 1963/1989. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Crothers, Lane; Charles Lockhart (eds). 2000. Culture and Politics: A Reader. New York: St. Martin’s. Elkins, David J.; Richard E.B. Simeon. 1979. “A Cause in Search of Its Effect, or What Does Political Culture Explain?” Comparative Politics 11:2 (January) 127-46. Hartz, Louis. 1955. The Liberal Tradition in America. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. Hartz, Louis. 1964. Founding of New Societies: Studies in the History of the United States, Latin America, South Africa, Canada, and Australia. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. Levitt, Barry Steven. 2005. “Political Culture and the Science of Politics.” Latin American Research Review 40:3, 365-76. Smith, Rogers M. 1993. “Beyond Tocqueville, Myrdal, and Hartz: The Multiple Traditions in America.” American Political Science Review 87:3 (September) 549-66.

CONTENTIOUS POLITICS (DATE)

Social Movements, Civil Conflict, Revolution Acemoglu, Daron; Davide Cantoni; Simon Johnson; James A. Robinson. 2007. “From Ancien Regime to Capitalism: The French Revolution as a Natural Experiment.” American Historical Review. *Blattman, Christopher; Edward Miguel. 2010. “Civil War.” Journal of Economic Literature 48:1, 3-57. *Boix, Carles. 2008. “Economic Roots of Civil Wars and Revolutions in the Contemporary World.” World Politics 60 (April) 390–437. Brass, Paul R. 1997. Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective Violence in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Brinton, Crane. 1952. Anatomy of Revolution. New York: Prentice-Hall. Cederman, Lars-Erik; Andreas Wimmer; Brian Min. 2010. “Why Do Ethnic Groups Rebel? New Data and Analysis.” World Politics 62:1 (January) 87-119. Fearon, James; David D. Laitin. 1996. “Explaining Interethnic Cooperation.” American Political Science Review (December) 715-35. Fearon, James; David D. Laitin. 2000. “Violence and the Social Construction of Ethnic Identity.” International Organization 54:4, 845-77. *Fearon, James; David D. Laitin. 2003. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97, 75-90. Furet, Francois. 1981. Interpreting the French Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Furet, Francois. 1992. Revolutionary France, 1770-1880, trans. Antonia Nevill. Oxford: Blackwell. Gamson, William A. 1968. Power and Discontent. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press. Gamson, William A. 1975/1990. The Strategy of Social Protest, 2d ed. Belmont, California: Wadsworth. Goldstone, Jack A. 1993. Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World. Berkeley: University of California Press. *Goldstone, Jack A. 2001. “Toward a Fourth Generation of Revolutionary Theory.” Annual Review of Political Science 4, 139-87. Goldstone, Jack A. 2002. “Population and Security: How Demographic Change Can Lead to Violent Conflict.” Journal of International Affairs (Special issue) 56:1. Gurr, Theodore R. 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Horowitz, Donald L. 2001. The Deadly Ethnic Riot. Berkeley: University of California Press. Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press. Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2006. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kalyvas, Stathis N. 2007. “Civil Wars.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 416-34. Kitschelt, Herbert P. 1986. “Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies." British Journal of Political Science 16:1 (Spring) 57-86. Lichbach, Mark. 1995. The Rebel’s Dilemma. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. *Lijphart, Arend. 1969. “Consociational Democracy.” World Politics 21:2 (January) 207-25. McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. McAdam, Doug; Sidney Tarrow; Charles Tilly. 2001. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Paige, Jeffrey M. 1975. Agrarian Revolution. New York: Free Press. Petersen, Roger D. 2002. Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred, and Resentment in Twentieth Century Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rule, J.B. 1988. Theories of Civil Violence. Berkeley: University of California Press. Scott, James. 1987. Weapons of the Weak. New Haven: Yale University Press. [NB: pp. 28-47] *Skocpol, Theda. 1979. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [NB: pp. 3-111, 154-73, 282-93] Tarrow, Sidney G. 1998. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Tarrow, Sidney; Charles Tilly. 2007. “Contentious Politics and Social Movements.” In Carles Boix and Susan Stokes, eds., Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 435-60. Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Tilly, Charles. 1993. European Revolutions 1492-1992. Oxford: Blackwell. Tilly, Charles. 2003. The Politics of Collective Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [NB: chs. 1, 3] Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1955. The Old Regime and the French Revolution. Doubleday Anchor. [NB: pp. 22-137, 203-11] Varshney, Ashutosh, 2003. “Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Rationality.” Perspectives on Politics (March) 85- 99. Varshney, Ashutosh. 2002. Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India. New Haven: Yale University Press. Varshney, Ashutosh. 2007. “Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict.” In Carles Boix and Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 274-95. Weinstein, Jeremy. 2007. Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wickham-Crowley, Timothy. 1992. Guerrillas and Revolution in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Wilkinson, Steven I. 2004. Votes and Violence: Electoral competition and Ethnic Riots in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [NB: chs. 1, 7-8, pp. 1-18, 204-42] Wilkinson, Steven I. 2009. “Riots.” Annual Review of Political Science 12, 329-43. Wolf, Eric R. 1969. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century. New York: Harper & Row. Womack, John. 1968. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution. New York: Knopf.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS (DATE)

General Elster, Jon. 2007. Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lave, Charles; James March. 1975. An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences. New York: Harper & Row. *Lichbach, Mark Irving; Alan S. Zuckerman (eds). 1997. Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Parsons, Craig. 2007. How to Map Arguments in Political Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rueschemeyer, Dietrich. 2009. Usable Theory: Analytic Tools for Social Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Stinchcombe, Arthur L. 1968. Constructing Social Theories. New York: Harcourt, Brace. Wimmer, Andreas; Reinhart Kossler (eds). 2005. Understanding Change: Models, Methodologies and Metaphors. Palgrave Macmillan. (See also various textbooks on game theory and rational choice.)

Critical Juncture/Path Dependency/Sequencing Bennett, Andrew, Colin Elman. 2006. “Complex Causal Relations and Case Study Methods: The Example of Path Dependence.” Political Analysis 14:3 (Summer) 250-67. Boas, Taylor. 2007. “Conceptualizing Continuity and Change: The Composite-Standard Model of Path Dependence.” Journal of Theoretical Politics 19:1, 33-54. Capoccia, Giovanni; R. Daniel Kelemen. 2007. “The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism.” World Politics 59:3 (April) 341-69. Collier, Ruth Berins and David Collier. 1991. Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Gerschenkron, Alexander. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Goldstone, Jack A. 1998. “Initial Conditions, General Laws, Path Dependence, and Explanation in Historical Sociology.” American Journal of Sociology 104:3 (November) 829-45. Mahoney, James. 2000. “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology.” History and Theory 29:4 (August) 507-48. Marshall, T.H. 1964. Class, Citizenship, and Social Development. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Page, S.E. 2006. “Path Dependence.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science 1: 87-115. *Pierson, Paul. 2000. “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics.” American Political Science Review 94:2 (June) 251-67. Pierson, Paul. 2004. Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Ideas, Ideology, Diffusion, Learning Axelrod, Robert. 1997. “The Dissemination of Culture: A Model with Local Convergence and Global Polarization.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 41, 203-26. Blyth, Mark M. 1997. “Any More Bright Ideas? The Ideational Turn of Comparative Political Economy.” Comparative Politics 29:1 (January) 229-50. Blyth, Mark M. 2001. “The Transformation of the Swedish Model: Economic Ideas, Distributional Conflict, and Institutional Change.” World Politics 54 (October) 1-26. Blyth, Mark M. 2002. Great Transformations: Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Checkel, Jeff. 1993. “Ideas, Institutions, and the Gorbachev Foreign Policy Revolution.” World Politics 45:271– 300. Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1985. Politics Against Markets: The Social Democratic Road to Power. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Gerring, John. 1998. Party Ideologies in America, 1828-1996. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Goldstein, Judith; Robert O. Keohane (eds). 1993. Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. *Jacobs, Alan M. 2009. “How Do Ideas Matter? Mental Models and Attention in German Pension Politics.” Comparative Political Studies 42:2, 252-79. Keohane, Robert O. 2000. “Ideas Part-way Down.” Review of International Studies 26:1, 125-30. Luke, Nancy; Susan Cotts Watkins. 2002. “Reactions of Developing-Country Elites to International Population Policy.” Population and Development Review 28:4 (December) 707-33. Parsons, Craig. 2002. “Showing Ideas as Causes: The Origins of the European Union.” International Organization 56:1, 47-84. Polanyi, Karl. 1944/1957. The Great Transformation. Boston: Beacon Press. Tanenwald, Nina. 1999. “The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the Normative Basis of Nuclear Non- Use.” International Organization 53:3 (Summer) 433-68. *Weyland, Kurt. 2005. “Theories of Policy Diffusion: Lessons from Latin American Pension Reform.” World Politics 57:2, 262-95. Yee, Albert S. 1996. “The Effects of Ideas on Policies.” International Organization 50:1 (Winter) 69-111. Young, H. Peyton. 2009. “Innovation Diffusion in Heterogeneous Populations: Contagion, Social Influence, and Social Learning.” American Economic Review 99:5 (December) 1899-1924.

Constitutions *Carey, John M. 2000. “Parchment, Equilibria, and Institutions.” Comparative Political Studies 33:6-7, 735-61. Colomer, Josep M. 2007. “Comparative Constitutions.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 217-38 Elkins, Zachary; Tom Ginsburg; James Melton. 2009. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [pdf] Elkins, Zachary; Tom Ginsburg; James Melton. Comparative Constitutions Project. http://www.comparativeconstitutionsproject.org/ Elkins, Zachary. In process. Designed by Diffusion: Constitutional Reform in Developing Democracies Hardin, Russell. 2006. “Constitutionalism.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 289-311.

Institutions Blondel, Jean. 2006. “About Institutions, Mainly, but not Exclusively, Political.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 716-30. Diermeier, Daniel; Keith Krehbiel. 2003. “Institutionalism as a Methodology,” Journal of Theoretical Politics 15:2, 123-44. *Hall, Peter A.; Rosemary C. R. Taylor. 1996. “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms.” Political Studies, 936-57. March, James G.; Johan P. Olsen. 2007. “Elaborating the New Institutionalism,” in R.A.W. Rhodes, S.A. Binder, & B.E. Rockman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 3- 21. Pierson, Paul; Theda Skocpol. 2002. “Historical Institutionalism in Contemporary Political Science.” In Helen Milner & Ira Katznelson (eds.), Political Science: The State of the Discipline, Centennial Edition (Washington: American Political Science Association) 693-721. Rhodes, R.A.W.; Sarah A. Binder; Bert A. Rockman (eds). 2006. The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shepsle, Kenneth. 2007. “Rational-Choice Institutionalism.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, & Bert E. Rockman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions, (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 23-38. Thelen, Kathleen. 1999. “Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 2, 369-404.

The State of the Subfield, with special attention to rational choice Bates, Robert H. 1997. “Comparative Politics and Rational Choice: A Review Essay.” American Political Science Review 699:91. Bates, Robert. 1997. “Theory in Comparative Politics?” APSA-CP: Newsletter of the APSA Organized Section in Comparative Politics 8:1, 1-2. *Boix, Carles; Susan Stokes. 2007. “Introduction.” In Carles Boix and Susan Stokes (eds), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 1-25. Clarke, Kevin; David M. Primo. 2007. “Modernizing Political Science: A Model-Based Approach.” Perspectives on Politics 5:4, 741-53. Collier, David. 1998. “Building a Disciplined, Rigorous Center in Comparative Politics.” APSA-CP: Newsletter of the APSA Organized Section in Comparative Politics 10:2, 1-2, 4. Geddes, Barbara. 1997. “Paradigms and Sandcastles.” APSA-CP: Newsletter of the APSA Organized Section in Comparative Politics 8:1, 18-20. Grofman, B. 1997. “Seven Durable Axes of Cleavage in Political Science.” In Monroe, ed., Contemporary Empirical Political Theory, 73-86. Hirschman, Albert O. 1970. “The Search for Paradigms as a Hindrance to Understanding.” World Politics 22:3 (March) 329-43. Katzenstein, Peter; Peter Evans; James Scott; ; Adam Przeworski; Theda Skocpol; Atul Kohli. 1999. “The Role of Theory in Comparative Politics: A Symposium.” World Politics 48:1 (October) 1-49. *Laitin, David. 2002. “Comparative Politics: The State of the Subdiscipline.” In Helen Milner, Ira Katnelson (eds), Political Science: The State of the Discipline, Centennial Edition (Norton) 630-59. MacIntyre, Alasdair. 1971/1978. “Is a Science of Comparative Politics Possible?” In Against the Self-Images of the Age: Essays on Ideology and Philosophy (London: Duckworth) 260-79. Munck, Gerardo L. 2001. “Game Theory and Comparative Politics: New Perspectives and Old Concerns.” World Politics 53:2 (January). Munck, Gerardo L.; Richard Snyder. 2007a. “Debating the Direction of Comparative Politics: An Analysis of Leading Journals.” Comparative Political Studies 40:1, 5-31. Munck, Gerardo L.; Richard Snyder. 2007b. “Visions of Comparative Politics: A Reply to Mahoney and Wibbels.” Comparative Political Studies 40:1, 45-47. Przeworski, Adam. 2007. “Is the Science of Comparative Politics Possible?” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 147-71. *Rogowski, Ronald. 1993. “Comparative Politics.” In Ada Finifter (ed), Political Science: The State of the Discipline II (American Political Science Association) 431-50. Shapiro, Ian. 2002. “Problems, Methods, and Theories in the Study of Politics, Or What’s Wrong with Political Science and What to do About It.” Political Theory 30(4): 596-619. Tsebelis, George. 1991. Nested Games: Rational Choice in Comparative Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press. Wallerstein, Michael. 2000. “American Imperialism in Comparative Politics.” APSA-CP: Newsletter of the APSA Organized Section in Comparative Politics 11:1, 1-3. *Wibbels, Erik. 2007. “No Method to the Comparative Politics Madness.” Comparative Political Studies 40:1, 37- 44.

Area Studies Bates, Robert. 1996. “Area Studies and the Discipline.” APSA-CP: Newsletter of the APSA Organized Section in Comparative Politics 7:1, 1-2. Hall, Peter. 1997. “Area Studies.” APSA-CP: Newsletter of the APSA Organized Section in Comparative Politics 8:2, 2-4.

FINAL EXAM (TBA)

ADDENDUM: (Not covered in the course by reason of time constraints, but part of the CP comprehensive exam when Gerring is administering it)

Leaders *Ahlquist, John; Margaret Levi. 2011. “Leadership: What It Means, What It Does, and What We Want to Know About It.” Annual Review of Political Science 14. Elgie, Robert. 1995. Political Leadership in Liberal Democracies. New York: St. Martin's Press. Hargrove, Erwin C. 2004. “History, Political Science, and the Study of Leadership.” Polity 36:4 (July) 579-93. Humphreys, Macartan; William A. Masters; Martin E. Sandbu. 2006. “The Role of Leaders in Democratic Deliberations: Results from a Field Experiment in Sao Tome and Principe.” World Politics 58 (July) 583- 622. *Jones, Benjamin F.; Benjamin A. Olken. 2005. “Do Leaders Matter? National Leadership and Growth since World War II.” Quarterly Journal of Economics (August) 835-64. Mouritzen, Poul Erik, James H. Svara. 2002. Leadership at the Apex: Politicians and Administrators in Western Governments. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Samatar, Abdi Ismail. 1997. “Leadership and Ethnicity in the Making of African State Models: Botswana and Somalia.” Third World Quarterly 18:4, 687-707. Samuels, Richard L. 2003. Machiavelli's Children: Leaders and Their Legacies in Italy and Japan. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Wallis, Joe. 1998. “Understanding the Role of Leadership in Economic Policy Reform” World Development 27:1 (January) 39-53.

Assemblies and Executives Cheibub, Jose Antonio. 2006. Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Cheibub, Jose Antonio. 2002. “Democratic Institutions and Regime Survival: Parliamentary and Presidential Democracies Reconsidered.” Annual Review of Political Science 5, 151-79. Foweraker, Joe. “Institutional Design, Party Systems, and Governability: Differentiating the Presidential Regimes of Latin America.” In Democracy Sourcebook, pp. 296-303. Lijphart, Arend (ed). 1992. Parliamentary Versus Presidential Government. New York: Oxford University Press. *Linz, Juan. 1990. “The Perils of Presidentialism.” Journal of Democracy 1, 51-69. Linz, Juan J.; Arturo Valenzuela (eds). 1994. The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Mainwaring, Scott. “Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy: The Difficult Combination.” In Democracy Sourcebook, pp. 266-71. *Moe, Terry M.; Michael Caldwell. 1994. “The Institutional Foundations of Democratic Government: A Comparison of Presidential and Parliamentary Systems.” Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 150, 171-95. Rhodes, R.A.W. 2006. “Executives in Parliamentary Government.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 323-43. Samuels, David. 2007. “Separation of Powers.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 703-26. *Shugart, Matthew Soberg. 2006. “Comparative Executive-Legislative Relations.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 344-65. Shugart, Matthew Soberg, John M. Carey. 1992. Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Shugart, Matthew Soberg, Stephan Haggard. 2001. “Institutions and Public Policy in Presidential Systems.” In Stephan Haggard and Mathew D. McCubbins (eds), Presidents, Parliaments, and Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Stepan, Alfred, Cindy Skach. 1993. “Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism versus Presidentialism.” World Politics 46, 1-22. Vile, M.J.C. 1967/1998. Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers. Liberty Fund. [a very fine intellectual history]

Legislatures *Carey, John M. 2006. “Legislative Organization.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 431-54. Carey, John M. 2008. Legislative Voting and Accountability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cox, Gary W. 2006. “The Organization of Democratic Legislatures.” In Barry R. Weingast and Donald A. Wittman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 141-61. Cutrone, Michael; Nolan McCarty. 2006. “Does Bicameralism Matter?” In Barry R. Weingast and Donald A. Wittman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 180-98. Fish, M. Steven; Matthew Kroenig. 2009. The Handbook of National Legislatures: A Global Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Laver, Michael. 2006. “Legislatures and Parliaments in Comparative Context.” In Barry R. Weingast and Donald A. Wittman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 121- 40. Mayhew, David R. 1974. Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven: Yale University Press. Uhr, John. 2006. “Bicameralism.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 474-94. Uslaner, Eric M.; Thomas Zittel. 2006. “Comparative Legislative Behavior.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 455-73.

Coalitions Humphreys, Macartan. 2008. “Coalitions.” Annual Review of Political Science 11, 351-86. Laver, Michael; Kenneth A. Shepsle. 1996. Making and Breaking Governments: Cabinets and Legislatures in Parliamentary Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Strøm, Kaare; Benjamin Nyblade. 2007. “Coalition Theory and Government Formation.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 782-803.

Committees, Cabinets, Small Groups Baylis, Thomas A. 1989. Governing By Committee: Collegial Leadership in Advanced Societies. Albany: SUNY Press. Fenno, Richard F. 1973. Congressmen in Committees. Boston: Little, Brown. Verba, Sidney. 1961. Small Groups and Political Behavior: A Study of Political Leadership. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Judiciary *Ferejohn, John; Frances Rosenbluth; Charles Shipan. 2007. “Comparative Judicial Politics.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 727-51. *Gibson, James L. 2006. “Judicial Institutions.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 514-34. Ginsburg Tom. 2003. Judicial Review in New Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ginsburg Tom; Tamir. Moustafa (eds). 2008. Rule by Law: The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Helmke, Gretchen; Frances Rosenbluth. 2009. “Regimes and the Rule of Law: Judicial Independence in Comparative Perspective.” Annual Review of Political Science 12, 345-66. Holland, Kenneth M. 1991. Judicial Activism in Comparative Perspective. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Holmes, Steven. 2003. “Lineages of the Rule of Law.” In J.A. Maravall, Adam Przeworski (eds), Democracy and the Rule of Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 19–61. Jacob, Herbert; Erhard Blankenburg; Herbert M. Kritzer; Doris Marie Provine; Joseph Sanders. 1996. Courts, Law, and Politics in Comparative Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press. Schmidhauser, John R (ed). 1987. Comparative Judicial Systems: Challenging Frontiers in Conceptual and Empirical Analysis. London: Butterworths. Shapiro, Martin. 1986. Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Electoral Systems Benoit, Kenneth. 2004. “Models of Electoral System Change.” Electoral Studies 23:3, 363-84. *Benoit, Kenneth. 2007. “Electoral Laws as Political Consequences: Explaining the Origins and Change of Electoral Institutions.” Annual Review of Political Science 10, 363-90. Boix, Carles. 1999. “Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies.” American Political Science Review 93:3, 609-624. Bowler, Shaun. 2006. “Electoral Systems.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 577-94. *Carey, John M.; Matthew Soberg Shugart. 1995. “Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: A Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas.” Electoral Studies 14:4, 417-39. Cox, Gary W. 1997. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Grofman, Bernard. 2006. “The Impact of Electoral Laws on Political Parties.” In Barry Weingast & Donald Wittman (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Political Economy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 102-20. Rae, Douglas. 1967. The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. New Haven: Yale University Press. *Reynolds, Andrew; Ben Reilly. New International Idea Handbook of Electoral System Design. IDEA. [chs 2-3; skim the case studies] [www.anfrel.org/resources/others/IDEA/ESD_full_with%20final%20changes%20inserted.pdf] Taagepera, Rein. 2007. “Electoral Systems.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 678-702. Taagepera, Rein; Matthew S. Shugart. 1989. Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Political Parties *Aldrich, John H. 2006. “Political Parties In and Out of Legislatures.” In R.A.W. Rhodes, Sarah A. Binder, Bert A. Rockman (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 555- 76. Bartolini, Stefano; Peter Mair. 1990. Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability: The Stabilisation of European Electorates 1885-1985. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Boix, Carles. 2007. “The Emergence of Parties and Party Systems.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 499-521. *Cox, Gary W. 1986. “The Development of a Party-Oriented Electorate in England, 1832-1918.” British Journal of Political Science 16 (April) 187-216. Cox, Gary W. 1987. The Efficient Secret: The Cabinet and the Development of Political Parties in Victorian England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper. Duverger, Maurice. 1951/1959. Political Parties. New York: Wiley. Epstein, Leon D. 1967/1980. Political Parties in Western Democracies. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gunther, Richard; Larry Diamond. 2001. “Types and Functions of Parties.” In Larry Diamond and Richard Gunther (eds), Political Parties and Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press)3-39. Hagopian, Frances. 2007. “Parties and Voters in Emerging Democracies: Structures, Strategies, and Stability.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 582-603. Hicken, Allen. 2010. Building Party Systems in Developing Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kalyvas, Stathis N. 1996. The Rise of Christian Democracy in Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Katz, Richard S.; Peter Mair. 2009. “The Cartel Party Thesis: A Restatement.” Perspectives on Politics 7:4 (December) 753-66. Kitschelt, Herbert. 2007. “Party Systems.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 522-54. Katz, Richard S. (ed). 1987. The Future of Party Government. Volume I: Party Governments: European and American Experiences. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. Katz, Richard S. 2001. “The Problem of Candidate Selection and Models of Party Democracy.” Party Politics 7:3, 277-96. Katz, Richard S.; Peter Mair (eds). 1992. Party Organizations: A Data Handbook on Party Organizations in Western Democracies, 1960-90. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Katz, Richard S.; Peter Mair (eds). 1994. How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Katz, Richard S.; Peter Mair. 1995. “Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party.” Party Politics 1:1, 5-28. Kirchheimer, Otto. 1966. “The Transformation of Western European Party Systems.” In LaPalombara and Weiner (eds), Political Parties and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press) 177-200. LaPalombara, Joseph; Myron Weiner (eds). 1966. Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Lipset, Seymour Martin; Stein Rokkan (eds). 1967. Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. New York: Free Press. Riker, William H. 1982. Liberalism against Populism: A Confrontation between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. Sartori, Giovanni. 1976. Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schattschneider, E. E. 1942. Party Government. New York: Rinehart. *Wren, Anne; Kenneth M. Mcelwain. 2007. “Voters and Parties.” In Carles Boix & Susan Stokes (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 555-81.