DOCSLIB.ORG

Guide to Nyanza Province Microfilm Collection, Enyk a National Archives, Part I: Section 10B, Correspondence and Reports 1925-1960

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guide to Nyanza Province Microfilm Collection, Enyk a National Archives, Part I: Section 10B, Correspondence and Reports 1925-1960 Syracuse University SURFACE Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs - Former Departments, Centers, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Institutes and Projects Affairs 1974 Guide to Nyanza Province Microfilm Collection, enyK a National Archives, Part I: Section 10B, Correspondence and Reports 1925-1960 Alan C. Solomon Syracuse University C. A. Crosby Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/maxwell_other Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Solomon, Alan C. and Crosby, C. A., "Guide to Nyanza Province Microfilm Collection, enyK a National Archives, Part I: Section 10B, Correspondence and Reports 1925-1960" (1974). Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs - Former Departments, Centers, Institutes and Projects. 4. https://surface.syr.edu/maxwell_other/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs - Former Departments, Centers, Institutes and Projects by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Microfilm 1949 NYANZA PROVINCE MICROFILM COLLECTION j KENYA NATIONAL ARCHIVES Part I: Section 10 B Correspondence and Reports 1925-1960 Alan C. Solomon c. A. Crosby Occasional Bibliography #22 Program of Eastern African Studies Syracuse University March 1974 i TABLE OF CONTENTS .. Introduction .... •••••••••••••••••••,1 The Use of the Guide •.................. iv Access to the Nyanza Province Microfilm Collection .. v The List .••.•.....•............ .. 1 Index .. .134 ii INTRODUCTION The Nyanza Province microfilm collection of the Kenya National Archives consists of microfilmed reports and correspondence produced by the British colonial administration in the Nyanza Province from 1925 to 1960. These documents, filmed by the Archives' technical staff, are arranged, numbered and filed according to the functional responsibilities of the colonial administration. This guide is intended to conform, as much as possible, to the organizational format of the Kenya National Archives while providing the researcher with a useful finding aid. The documents have been organized into record subgroups, indicative of particular administrative functions such as forestry, military and education. The record subgroups are further subdivided into series representing, for example, tree planting under forestry or aircraft under military. These series are divided into subseries such as Kericho under tree planting or accidents under aircraft. Subseries generally correspond with the titles given to each file of items. The guide has adopted the subseries or file titles as the basic unit of description. Researchers would undoubtedly prefer a detailed description of each item within the subseries. For lack of time and personnel the compilers of this list have been forced to describe only the subseries. Although far from ideal, subseries descriptions do serve as rough guides to the archives. Researchers are cautioned, however, to regard this guide as a record of subseries titles rather than a descriptive list of items within subseries. iii Researchers should note that the Nyanza Province microfilm collection consists of two sections. Section lOB, characterized by the "collage ll arrangement of pieces on film, ;s the earlier microfilm collection con­ taining 49 reels. The more recent collection of 387 reels, Section lOA, differs from Section lOB both in content and piece arrangement. The list of lOA will be published in the near future. Several persons have made valuable contributions to· the preparation of the guide. Peter Dalleo and Robert Greenstein deserve thanks for their roles in the collection and organization of the Nyanza Province Archives. Special gratitude is owed to Gloria Katz whose advice and criticism facilitated the completion of the list. As with the previous indexes to the Kenya microfilms, this guide was prepared under the super­ vision of Dr. Robert G. Gregory, Professor of History and Director of the microfilm project. The compilers wish to acknowledge the generous financial support of the National Science Foundation without whose assistance neither the guide nor the Syracuse University Microfilm Project would ever have been undertaken. Alan C. Solomon C. A. Crosby iv THE USE OF THE GUIDE The guide is intended to provide a brief description of all subseries or files contined on each reel. Included within the description are four elements. 1. File numbers: The upper left hand of each file title page contains the file number relevant to the Section lOB collection. This number refers to the record subgroup, series, and subseries (e.g., ADM. 1/2 means administration, general policy, administration of non­ natives). In parentheses, a second number has been included to facilitate cross-reference with the Section A collection. Items within individual files often possess file numbers unrelated to the number appearing on the file title page. These items have probably been included due to the nature of their subject matter. 2. Dates: Each file title page contains inclusive dates. Occasionally items within the file fall outside the in­ clusive dates, but usually the dates are accurate. 3. Number of pieces: The compilers of the list have counted the number of pieces, single sheets of paper, within each file. Piece counts provide the researcher with an indicator of file size and, possibly, file importance. Whenever file contents suffer from poor film pro~ess;ng, a percentage of either dark or faint pieces has been included in parentheses beneath the number of pieces. 4. File description: File title pages within the collection usually give a brief outline of the file contents. This out­ line has been included verbatim in the list. Appearing between most groups of administratively related files are series title cards comprised of titles, dates and series numbers. For example, a series appears in the list as: ADM. 1 Administration: General Policy, 1931-50 Series titles form the basis of the index to the guide. The index consists of an alphabetical arrangement of subrecord groups under which series titles are also alphabetically ordered. See pages 134-137 for the index. v ACCESS TO THE NYANZA PROVINCE MICROFILM COLLECTION The Nyanza Province collection, as well as all microfilmed material of the Kenya National Archives, is not obtainable directly from Syracuse University through interlibrary loan. Interested researchers may use these microfilms in the Bird Library, Syracuse University, upon completion of the form, IIRequest for Access to the Kenya National Archives Microfilm Collection,1I available at the Area Studies division of the Bird Library. The Nyanza Province Section lOB collection is housed under the call number Library No. 1949. Kenya National Archives microfilms may be borrowed from the Cooperative AfricanaMicrofonm Project (CAMP) at the Center for Research Libraries in Chicago. All requests should be directed to CAMP, 5721 Cottage Grove Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637. 1 Reel 1 ADM. 1 Administration: General Policy, 1929-47 ADM. 1/1 1946-47 179 pp. General Policy General Native Policy ADM. 1/1/1 (2/582) 1932 6 pp. General Policy Native Policy Delegation of Powers to Provincial Commissioners ADM. 1/1/2 (2/542) 1944 4 pp. General Policy Native Policy Changes of Policy in Native Areas ADM. 1/2 (2/543) 1929-30 56 pp. Administration of Non-Native Areas ADM. 2 Administration: Internal and External Relations, 1933-51 ADM. 2/1 (2/555) 1933-50 66 pp. Internal and External Relations Relations between Administration and Departmental Officers ADM. 2/2 (2/544) 1933-37 27 pp. Amalgamation and Division of Province and Districts ADM. 2/2/1 (2/822) 1943-50 51 pp. Internal and External Relations Amalgamation of Provinces and Districts Geographical Nomenclature - District names, etc. ADM. 2/5 (2/826) 1947 79 pp. Internal and External Relations Provincial and District Teams ADM. 2/5/2/2 (2/828) 1946-51 254 pp. Internal and External Relations Provincial and District Teams District Teams Central Kavirondo 2 Reel 1 XDM. 2/5/2/3 (2/811) 1946-50 195 pp. Internal and External Relations Provincial and District Teams District Teams South Nyanza ADM. 3 Administration: Conferences, Committees and Commissions, 1931-51 ADM. 3/1/1 (2/593) 1931-34 183 pp. Provincial Commissioners· Meetings Correspondence and Agenda ADM. 3/1/1 (Vol. II) (2/598) 1933-36 120 pp. Provincial Commissioners' Meetings Correspondence and Agenda ADM. 3/1/2 (2/574) 1937-41 361 pp. Provincial Commissioners' Meeting Correspondence and Agenda ADM. 3/1/2 Vol. II (2/594) 1932-33 186 pp. Provincial Commissioners' Meeting Minutes Reel 2 ADM. 3/1/2 (2/827) 1946-50 262 pp. Conferences, Conm1ttees and Conm;ss;ons Provincial Commissioners' Meeting Minutes ADM. 3/1/3 (2/825) 1946-51 265 pp. Conferences, Committees and Commissions Provincial Commissioners· Meeting Agenda ADM. 3/2/1/1 (2/558) 1943-47 8 pp. Conferences, Committees and Commissions District Committee Meetings Nyanza Correspondence, Agenda, and Monitor Kericho Minutes ADM. 3/2/3 (2/556) 1944-57 299 pp. Conferences t Committees and Commissions District Commissioners' Meeting Minutes 3 Reel 2 ADM. 3/2/3 (2/824) 1946-47 270 pp. Conferences, Committees and Commissions District Commissioners' Meeting Central Province Minutes and Agenda ADM. 3/2/4 (2/567) 1936-50 144 pp. Conferences, Commissions and Committees District Commiss1oners' Meet1ngs Coast Province Agenda and Minutes ADM. 3/2/5 (2/520) 1936-50 112 pp. Conferences and Comnlittees District Commissioners' Meetings Correspondence, Agenda and Minutes Rift Valley Province ADM. 3/2/6 (2/520) 1938-47 50 pp. Conferences and Committees District Commissioners' Meetings Minutes Masai ADM. 3/3 (2/805) 1945-47 28 pp. Conferences and Committees Committees General ADM. 3/3/1 (2/575) 1930-37 123 pp. Agricultural Committees, Conferences and Staff Meetings ADM. 3/3/2 (2/569) 1932 59 pp. Conferences and Committees Closer Union Commission Correspondence ADM. 3/3/3 (2/581) 1932 23 pp. Conferences, Commissions and Committees Commissions and Committees Lord Wayne Commission MOJY'\..~ ADM.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pdf/Cahier Chauvet.Pdf Chirchir-Chuma, Kipketter, 1975, « Aspects of Nandi Society and Culture in the Nineteenth Century », Kenya Historical Review 3 (1): 85–95
    Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est / The East African Review 52 | 2019 La diffusion des plantes américaines dans la région des Grands Lacs Croissance démographique, paysage politique et diversification culturale dans la région des Grands Lacs La variable démographique, indicateur et témoin de la diffusion des plantes américaines, entre histoires centrale et périphériques Population growth and densities, socio-political landscapes and crop diversification in the Great Lakes Region: the demographic variable, indicator and witness of American plants dissemination, peripheral and central histories Christian Thibon Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/478 Éditeur IFRA - Institut Français de Recherche en Afrique Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 mars 2019 Pagination : 151-240 ISSN : 2071-7245 Référence électronique Christian Thibon, « Croissance démographique, paysage politique et diversification culturale dans la région des Grands Lacs », Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est / The East African Review [En ligne], 52 | 2019, mis en ligne le 07 mai 2019, consulté le 25 septembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ eastafrica/478 Les Cahiers d’Afrique de l’Est / The East African Review Croissance démographique, paysage politique et diversification culturale dans la région des Grands Lacs La variable démographique, indicateur et témoin de la diffusion des plantes américaines, entre histoires centrale et périphériques Christian Thibon Cette étude découle d’une hypothèse-évidence, sinon d’un postulat, tant l’hypothèse apparaissait ancrée, selon laquelle l’évolution historique de la région des Grands Lacs relèverait d’une convergence réussie entre espace (écologie), économie-population et construction politique, et ce faisant en arrière-plan d’une connexion, du xvie au xixe siècle, entre les plantes américaines qui amènent un surplus, une croissance, un surnombre démographique et des imaginaires politiques.
    [Show full text]
  • Africans: the HISTORY of a CONTINENT, Second Edition
    P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 This page intentionally left blank ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 africans, second edition Inavast and all-embracing study of Africa, from the origins of mankind to the AIDS epidemic, John Iliffe refocuses its history on the peopling of an environmentally hostilecontinent.Africanshavebeenpioneersstrugglingagainstdiseaseandnature, and their social, economic, and political institutions have been designed to ensure their survival. In the context of medical progress and other twentieth-century innovations, however, the same institutions have bred the most rapid population growth the world has ever seen. The history of the continent is thus a single story binding living Africans to their earliest human ancestors. John Iliffe was Professor of African History at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of St. John’s College. He is the author of several books on Africa, including Amodern history of Tanganyika and The African poor: A history,which was awarded the Herskovits Prize of the African Studies Association of the United States. Both books were published by Cambridge University Press. i P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 ii P1: RNK 0521864381pre CUNY780B-African 978 0 521 68297 8 May 15, 2007 19:34 african studies The African Studies Series,founded in 1968 in collaboration with the African Studies Centre of the University of Cambridge, is a prestigious series of monographs and general studies on Africa covering history, anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History
    Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts David P. Bresnahan June 2010 © 2010 David P. Bresnahan. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History by DAVID P. BRESNAHAN has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Nicholas M. Creary Assistant Professor of History Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT BRESNAHAN, DAVID P., M.A., June 2010, History Sacred Spaces, Political Authority, and the Dynamics of Tradition in Mijikenda History (156 pp.) Director of Thesis: Nicholas M. Creary This thesis explores the social, political, and symbolic roles of the Mijikenda kayas in the Coast Province of Kenya. The kayas, which exist today as sacred grove forests, are the original homesteads of the Mijikenda and the organizational units from which the symbolic authority and esoteric knowledge of the Mijikenda elders are derived. As a result, I conceptualize kayas as the physical space of the forests, but also complex networks of political, metaphysical, and symbolic power. While the kaya forests and their associated institutions have often been framed as cultural relics, I use this lens to illustrate how the position of the kayas in Mijikenda life has influenced broader social and political developments. Three main themes are developed: the first theme addresses how the kayas were used in different capacities to create space from the encroachment of colonial rule.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Mumias Settlement Into an Urban Centre to Circa 1940 Godwin Rapando Murunga
    The evolution of Mumias settlement into an urban centre to circa 1940 Godwin Rapando Murunga To cite this version: Godwin Rapando Murunga. The evolution of Mumias settlement into an urban centre to circa 1940. Geography. 1998. dumas-01302363 HAL Id: dumas-01302363 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01302363 Submitted on 14 Apr 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THE EVOLUTION OF MUMIAS SETTLEMENT INTO AN URBAN CENTRE TO CIRCA 1940 BY GODWIN RAPANDO MURUNGA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE AT KENYATTA UNIVERSITY IFRA 111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 IFRA001481 No. d'inventaire Date te0 Cote August 1998 .1 •MS,Har,f..42G. , , (1. R Y 001 l°\1)..j9". E DECLARATION This thesis is my original work, and to the best of my knowlehe, has not been submitted for a degree in any university. GODWIN RAPANDO MURUNGA This thesis has been submitted with my approval as a University supervisor. .4010 PROF.ERIC MASINDE ASEKA iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my wife Carolyne Temoi Rapando and to my sons Tony Wangatia Rapando and Claude Manya Rapando for their patience and constant understanding during the long years of working.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kenyan British Colonial Experience
    Peace and Conflict Studies Volume 25 Number 1 Decolonizing Through a Peace and Article 2 Conflict Studies Lens 5-2018 Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience Peter Karari [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs Part of the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Karari, Peter (2018) "Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience," Peace and Conflict Studies: Vol. 25 : No. 1 , Article 2. DOI: 10.46743/1082-7307/2018.1436 Available at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol25/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Peace & Conflict Studies at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peace and Conflict Studies by an authorized editor of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modus Operandi of Oppressing the “Savages”: The Kenyan British Colonial Experience Abstract Colonialism can be traced back to the dawn of the “age of discovery” that was pioneered by the Portuguese and the Spanish empires in the 15th century. It was not until the 1870s that “New Imperialism” characterized by the ideology of European expansionism envisioned acquiring new territories overseas. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 prepared the ground for the direct rule and occupation of Africa by European powers. In 1895, Kenya became part of the British East Africa Protectorate. From 1920, the British colonized Kenya until her independence in 1963. As in many other former British colonies around the world, most conspicuous and appalling was the modus operandi that was employed to colonize the targeted territories.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and References
    Notes and References 1 The Foundation of Kenya Colony I. P[ublic] R[ecord] O[ffice] Kew CO 533/234 ff 432-44. Kenya was how Johann Krapf, the German missionary who was in 1849 the first white man to see the mountain, transliterated the Kamba pronunciation of the Kikuyu name for it, Kirinyaga. The Kamba substituted glottal stops for intermediate consonants, hence 'Ki-i-ny-a'. T. C. Colchester, 'Origins of Kenya as the Name of the Country', Rhodes House. Mss Afr s.1849. 2. PRO CO 822/3117 Malcolm MacDonald to Duncan Sandys. Secret and Personal. 18 September 1963. 3. The new rail routes in question were the Uasin Gishu line and the Thika extension. M. F. Hill, Permanent Way. The StOlY of the Kenya and Uganda Railway (Nairobi: East African Railways and Harbours, 2nd edn 1961), p. 392. 4. Daily Sketch, 5 July 1920, p. 5. 5. Sekallyolya ('the crane [or stork] looking out on the world') was first printed in Nairobi in the Luganda language in 1921. From time to time it brought out editions in Swahili and for special occasions in English. Harry Thuku's Tangazo was the first Kenya African single­ sheet newsletter. 6. Interview with James Beauttah, Fort Hall, 1964. Beauttah was one of the first English-speaking African telephone operators. He claimed to be the first African to have electricity in his house. 7. PRO FO 2/377 A. Gray to FO, 16 February 1900, 'Memo on Report of Law Officers of the Crown reo East Africa and Uganda Protector­ ates'. The effect of the opinion of the law officers is that Her Majesty has, by virtue of her Protectorate, entire control over all lands unappropriated ..
    [Show full text]
  • KENYA POPULATION SITUATION ANALYSIS Kenya Population Situation Analysis
    REPUBLIC OF KENYA KENYA POPULATION SITUATION ANALYSIS Kenya Population Situation Analysis Published by the Government of Kenya supported by United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Kenya Country Oce National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) P.O. Box 48994 – 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254-20-271-1600/01 Fax: +254-20-271-6058 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ncpd-ke.org United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Kenya Country Oce P.O. Box 30218 – 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254-20-76244023/01/04 Fax: +254-20-7624422 Website: http://kenya.unfpa.org © NCPD July 2013 The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the contributors. Any part of this document may be freely reviewed, quoted, reproduced or translated in full or in part, provided the source is acknowledged. It may not be sold or used inconjunction with commercial purposes or for prot. KENYA POPULATION SITUATION ANALYSIS JULY 2013 KENYA POPULATION SITUATION ANALYSIS i ii KENYA POPULATION SITUATION ANALYSIS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................iv FOREWORD ..........................................................................................................................................ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..........................................................................................................................x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................xi
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge Volume-6 Issue-5, May 2021
    International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge Volume-6 Issue-5, May 2021 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE ISSN-2213-1356 www.ijirk.com A HISTORY OF CONFLICT BETWEEN NYARIBARI AND KITUTU SUB-CLANS AT KEROKA IN NYAMIRA AND KISII COUNTIES, KENYA, 1820 - 2017 Samuel Benn Moturi (MA-History), JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA, UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GESIAGA SECONDARY SCHOOL, P.O Box 840-40500 Nyamira-Kenya Dr. Isaya Oduor Onjala (PhD-History), JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, P.O Box 210-40601, Bondo-Kenya Dr. Fredrick Odede (PhD-History), JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, P.O Box 210-40601, Bondo-Kenya ABSTRACT A lot of research done on conflict and disputes between communities, nations and organized groups across the globe. Little, however done on conflicts involving smaller groups are within larger communities. The overall image that emerges, therefore, is that conflicts and disputes only occur between communities, nations, and specially organized groups, a situation which is not fully correct, as far as the occurrence of conflict is concerned. This study looked at a unique situation of conflict between Nyaribari and Kitutu who share the same origin, history and cultural values yet have been engaged in conflict since the 19th century. The purpose of this study was to trace the history of the Sweta Clan and relationship between Nyaribari and Kitutu sub-clans. Examine the nature, source and impact of the disputes among the Sweta at Keroka town and its environ, which www.ijirk.com 57 | P a g e International Journal of Innovative Research and Knowledge ISSN-2213-1356 forms the boundary between the two groups and discuss the strategies employed to cope with conflicts and disputes between the two parties.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Nairobi, Capital of Kenya
    ....IJ­ .. Kenya Information Dept. Nairobi, Showing the Legislative Council Building TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Chapter I. Pre-colonial Background • • • • • • • • • • 4 II. The Nairobi Area. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 III. Nairobi from 1896-1919 •• • • • • • • • • • 50 IV. Interwar Nairobi: 1920-1939. • • • • • • • 74 V. War Time and Postwar Nairobi: 1940-1963 •• 110 VI. Independent Nairobi: 1964-1966 • • • • • • 144 Appendix • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 168 Bibliographical Note • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 179 Bibliography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 182 iii PREFACE Urbanization is the touchstone of civilization, the dividing mark between raw independence and refined inter­ dependence. In an urbanized world, countries are apt to be judged according to their degree of urbanization. A glance at the map shows that the under-developed countries are also, by and large, rural. Cities have long existed in Africa, of course. From the ancient trade and cultural centers of Carthage and Alexandria to the mediaeval sultanates of East Africa, urban life has long existed in some degree or another. Yet none of these cities changed significantly the rural character of the African hinterland. Today the city needs to be more than the occasional market place, the seat of political authority, and a haven for the literati. It remains these of course, but it is much more. It must be the industrial and economic wellspring of a large area, perhaps of a nation. The city has become the concomitant of industrialization and industrialization the concomitant 1 2 of the revolution of rising expectations. African cities today are largely the products of colonial enterprise but are equally the measure of their country's progress. The city is witness everywhere to the acute personal, familial, and social upheavals of society in the process of urbanization.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.8.1 History & Government Paper 1 (311/1) SECTION a (25 Marks)
    3.8 HISTORY & GOVERNMENT (311) 3.8.1 History & Government Paper 1 (311/1) SECTION A (25 marks) Answer ALL the questions in this section. 1 State two ways in which the study of History and Government promotes a sense of patriotism in the learner. (2 marks) 2 Name the community in Kenya that belongs to the Southern Cushites. (1 mark) 3 State two political functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai during the 19th century. (2 marks) 4 Give two ways through which knowledge in marine technology facilitated the coming of the early visitors to the Kenyan Coast. (2 marks) 5 Identify the town that was established by missionaries in Kenya as a centre for freed slaves during the 19th Century. (1 mark) 6 State two ways in which the National Accord and Reconciliation Act, 2008 affected the composition of the government in Kenya. (2 marks) 7 Give two reasons why the British used the Imperial British East African Company (I.B.E.A.C.) to administer its possessions in Kenya. (2 marks) 8 Identify two ways in which the results of the collaboration of the Maasai with British was similar to that of the Wanga. (2 marks) 9 Give one way in which the construction of the Uganda railway speeded up the colonization of Kenya. (1 mark) 10 Give the main political contribution of Christian Missionaries in Kenya during the struggle for independence upto 1939. (1 mark) 11 Name the first African to be appointed as minister in Kenya by the colonial government. (1 mark) 12 State the main result of the Lyttleton Constitutional amendment of 1954.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Kenya- Examining Progress Or Lack of Progress at National and Subnational Levels
    Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Kenya- Examining Progress or Lack of Progress at National and Subnational Levels Robert P Ndugwa PhD1 and Dr Edward Addai2 1Global Urban Observatory, Research and Capacity Development Branch, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 2UNICEF ESARO, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is widely outlawed globally, but continues to be practiced in selected communities across the globe. In Kenya, this practice is common among selected communities, and recent national trends show that the prevalence of the practice is declining. Using Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys data collected in 2011 from 6 counties from the Western region of Kenya, we demonstrate that while national figures conspire to show that the prevalence of FGM has declined but among certain communities the practice remains almost universal. Underlying factors favouring the continuation of the practice within these communities are discussed, including examining the role of cultural traditions, tribe and religion. The study demonstrates the value of collecting data at lower levels, and highlights the need to step up the responses and engagement of communities who continue practicing FGM even after outlawing this practice. Introduction Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) has continued to dominate the discourse in women’s health and empowerment as well as remaining a dominate subject for human rights violations today. Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is a procedure or practice where the parts of the female genitals are removed, and it is practiced in over twenty countries within sub-Saharan Africa. FGM/C practice has been widely documented to interfere with the natural functioning of the body, in addition to causing many short-term and long-term health and psychological consequences (Behrendt et al.
    [Show full text]
  • CHOLERA COUNTRY PROFILE: KENYA Last Update: 29 April 2010
    WO RLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Global Task Force on Cholera Control CHOLERA COUNTRY PROFILE: KENYA Last update: 29 April 2010 General Country Information: The Republic of Kenya is located in eastern Africa, and borders Ethiopia, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda and Sudan with an east coast along the Indian Ocean. Kenya is divided into eight provinces: Central, Coast, Eastern, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley and Western and Nairobi. The provinces are further subdivided into 69 districts. Nairobi, the capital, is the largest city of Kenya. In 1885, Kenya was made a German protectorate over the Sultan of Zanzibar and coastal areas were progressively taken over by British establishments especially in the costal areas. Hostilities between German military forces and British troops (supported by Indian Army troops) were to end in 1918 as the Armistice of the first World War was signed. Kenya gained its independence from Great Britain in December 1963 when a government was formed by Jomo Kenyatta head of the KANU party (Kenya National African Union). Kenya's economy is highly dependant on tourism and Nairobi is the primary communication and financial hub of East Africa. It enjoys the region's best transportation linkages, communications infrastructure, and trained personnel. Many foreign firms maintain regional branches or representative offices in the city. Since December 2007, following the national elections, Kenya has been affected by political turmoil and violent rampages in several parts of the country leading to economic and humanitarian crisis. Kenya's Human Development Index is 147 over 182. The major cause of mortality and morbidity is malaria. Malnutrition rates are high (around 50'000 malnourished children and women in 27 affected districts in 2006).
    [Show full text]