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George Ticknor PROFESSOR GEORGE TICKNOR 1791 August 1, Monday: George Ticknor was born in a well-to-do family of Boston. 1805 Benjamin Dudley Emerson and his brother Abner Emerson graduated from Dartmouth College. Benjamin would teach for many years in Newburyport, Massachusetts and Boston. Abner would teach in Somerville, Massachusetts but die at a relatively earlier age.1 George Ticknor entered the Junior Class at Dartmouth College. 1. I am unable to uncover evidence that the math whiz of the family, Frederick Emerson, attended college (which may or may not mean that he did not attend, taking into account the collateral fact that I am also unable to uncover evidence as to when and where he died and am, nevertheless, convinced that he has indeed died). HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE TICKNOR GEORGE TICKNOR 1807 THE NEW-ENGLAND ALMANACK FOR 1807. By Isaac Bickerstaff. Providence, Rhode Island: John Carter. CURTIS’S POCKET ALMANACK, AND REGISTER OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE FOR THE YEAR 1807. Samuel Curtis. Amherst, New Hampshire: Printed by Joseph Cushing. The 1800 census of New Hampshire by town, its militia officers, its postmasters, its attorneys, its county criers, its ministers, etc. The description of Dartmouth College indicated that its library comprised some 3,000 volumes. George Ticknor graduated from Dartmouth College. He would be studying Latin and Greek with the Reverend Dr. John Sylvester John Gardiner, rector of Boston’s Trinity Church. 1810 George Ticknor began the study of law. 1813 Boston boys Samuel Joseph May, Caleb Cushing who would become a Democratic politician, Samuel A. Eliot who would become mayor of Boston, 13-year-old George Bancroft who would become a national historian and Secretary of the Navy, George Barrell Emerson who would become an educational reformer, and David Lee Child who would become a radical abolitionist, were matriculants at Harvard College. Before entering Harvard, George Barrell Emerson had undergone a few weeks of preparation at Dummer Academy in Byfield, New Hampshire. He would concentrate in mathematics and Greek. He had been taught the Linnaean system of classification by his father and it would appear that right after getting settled in his dorm room, he visited the botanic garden in order to ply Professor William Peck there with questions about plants he had noticed during his boyhood in his hometown of Wells that he had been unable to identify. George Ticknor was admitted to the Massachusetts bar, and opened a law office in Boston. Professor Sylvestre François Lacroix’s TRAITÉ ÉLÉMENTAIRE D’ARITHMÉTIQUE, A L’USAGE DE L’ÉCOLE me CENTRALE DES QUATRE-NATIONS (A Paris: Chez M veuve Courcier, Imprimeur-Libraire pour les Mathématiques, quai des Augustins, no 57). 2 Copyright Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE TICKNOR GEORGE TICKNOR 1815 Deciding that the law was not for him, Boston attorney George Ticknor went off to study philology and the ancient classics at the University of Göttingen in Germany. The German Confederation was established, that would be gradually rearranging both its borders and its inner unities until Ministerpräsident Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck’s national unification of 1871: WALDEN: Our life is like a German Confederacy, made up of petty states, with its boundary forever fluctuating, so that even a German cannot tell you how it is bounded at any moment. The nation itself, with all its so called internal improvements, which, by the way, are all external and superficial, is just such an unwieldy and overgrown establishment, cluttered with furniture and tripped up by its own traps, ruined by luxury and heedless expense, by want of calculation and a worthy aim, as the million households in the land; and the only cure for it as for them is in a rigid economy, a stern and more than Spartan simplicity of life and elevation of purpose. It lives too fast. Men think that it is essential that the Nation have commerce, and export ice, and talk through a telegraph, and ride thirty miles an hour, without a doubt, whether they do or not; but whether we should live like baboons or like men, is a little uncertain. 1817 November 25, Tuesday: Thomas Jefferson wrote George Ticknor, Harvard College’s new Smith Professor of French and Spanish Languages and Literatures, about the need of the Republic for an informed citizenry, repeating among other old wisdoms the Baconian maxim that Knowledge is Power. (We may note that in this year of 1817 Harvard, using funding obtained through the selling of slaves in the sugarcane fields of Antigua, was creating its new Law School.) “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 3 HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE TICKNOR GEORGE TICKNOR 1819 Adam Gurowski was expelled from the gymnasium of Kalisz, Poland for revolutionary demonstration (he would, at various German universities, continue his studies, being at one point a student of philosophy under G.W.F. Hegel; at some point he would lose an eye, presumably as the unintended but not to be unexpected result of a student saber duel of the sort then prevalent). At about this period a Germanization of Boston intellectual culture would be beginning, with the return from study at German universities of George Ticknor2 and Edward Everett. CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE 1820 While attending the public schools of Mühlhausen and the city Gymnasium, John Augustus Roebling had also been being tutored privately to qualify him for entrance to the Royal Polytechnic School at Berlin. At the Institute during the 1820s he would be studying under G.W.F. Hegel and the tradition in the Roebling family, however accurate it might be, has become that he was this philosopher’s favorite: It is impossible to study him diligently and not be profoundly influenced by his teachings, and for a youth like John A. Roebling to have been brought into intimate contact with his dominating personality, was ... a privilege, because it opened the boy’s eyes to the spiritual reality back of the change and decay of material phenomena.... 2. Both Waldo Emerson and Henry Thoreau would have classes under Professor Ticknor. 4 Copyright Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE TICKNOR GEORGE TICKNOR His course of study at the Institute, however, would have consisted mostly of architecture and engineering, bridge construction, hydraulics, and languages, rather than of Hegelian idealist philosophy. Meanwhile, in America, during this same decade, George Ticknor, an alumnus of Göttingen, would be seeking to introduce the sorts of reform at Harvard College which would raise it from the level of a high school to that of a “respectable” high school. And Harvard did try! One of the innovations of this decade, for instance, would be the tradition of “Class Day,” and an annual reunion of its graduates. Alexander Young, Jr. graduated from Harvard. He would go on to the Harvard Divinity School, although perhaps not immediately, as the school listed only the following gentlemen as commencing their ministerial studies in this year: Samuel Todd Adams John Goldsberry (Brown University) William Farmer William Henry Furness Ezra Stiles Gannett Henry Brown Hersey Benjamin Kent Calvin Lincoln (In these early years of the Divinity School, there were no formal class graduations as students would be in the habit of studying there for varying periods until they obtained an appropriate offer to enter a pulpit.) “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 5 HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE TICKNOR GEORGE TICKNOR 1824 Samuel Gridley Howe graduated from Harvard Medical School and sailed to participate for six years in the Greek revolution, first as a soldier, then as a surgeon, then as a participant in the postwar reconstruction. Professors George Ticknor, Edward Everett, and George Bancroft, as high-minded academic emissaries from the backwaters in America, went off to Europe to witness real cultural currents. These three Harvard men (Ticknor the professor of belles lettres; Everett the professor of classics, Bancroft the tutor) would later become important in Massachusetts politics. While in Europe the three scholars would come belatedly in contact with the writings left behind by Herr Professor Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich von Schelling, as well as with the contemporary writings of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Contact with German metaphysicians would reinforce the conservatism of Ticknor and Everett while developing in Bancroft what has been referred to as “democratic ideals.” Once safely back in Cambridge, the three would serve as catalysts for the new view of the world. Ticknor would advocate a really higher education, such as transforming Harvard into a university by broadening its curriculum and testing and grading students rather than tolerating advancement through mere seniority. The Reverend William Ellery Channing would also be being challenged by these three visitors to real culture, from the 1830s on, to formulate his new Unitarianism. 6 Copyright Austin Meredith HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE TICKNOR GEORGE TICKNOR 1825 Horatio Greenough graduated from Harvard College and went to Italy for two years. Augustus Addison Gould graduated and (after a period as a private tutor in Maryland) would study at that institution’s school of medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. NEW “HARVARD MEN” Professor George Ticknor issued REMARKS ON CHANGES LATELY PROPOSED OR ADOPTED IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY (Boston: Hilliard). “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project 7 HDT WHAT? INDEX GEORGE TICKNOR GEORGE TICKNOR “A Review From Professor Ross’s Seminar” George Ticknor campaigned to turn Harvard College from a socialization school for Boston’s elites to a quality European university. Although his own modern languages department established an elective curriculum, he was largely unsuccessful. His REMARKS ON CHANGES remains a readable thesis on why Harvard should adopt a more professional curriculum and makes for some interesting comparisons with Emerson’s ideas on education and Thoreau’s later experiences at the college.
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