www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Informatics: Foundation, Nature, Types and Allied areas— ©2020 NewDelhiPublishers. All rightsreserved DOI: 10.30954/2322-0465.1.2020.1 International Journalof Applied ScienceandEngineering, and alltheseimportanttodo informationactivitiessuchas— viz. ‘Health Informatics’ or‘Bio Informatics’. There are different Information Technology components higher educational institutes which are offering a program on simple ‘Informatics’ or any domain specific as a practicing nomenclature and now it becomes a field of study and growing internationally in different Informatics is a developing field that cares about both technologies and information. Initially, it was treated *Corresponding author:[email protected] 2 1 An Educational&AnalyticalInvestigation Executive Director, MCIS,DepartmentofCIS,Information Scientist(Offg.),RaiganjUniversity(RGU),West Bengal,India Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Vice Chancellor, SrinivasUniversity, Karnataka,India ˆ ˆ Development Keywords: the Informaticsbranch;bothininternationallyandIndia. & Legal Sciences, Educational Sciences, etc. This isaconceptual paper dealswiththeacademic investigation in respect of Management Sciences, Social Sciences, Mathematical & Pure Sciences, Bio viz. is emerging asanInterdisciplinary Sciences. There arefewdimensionsof Informaticsthatcanbenoted can be seen as a technology based or also as a domain or field specific depending upon nature and thus it Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Social Sciences, etc., based on nature of the Informatics. Informatics Health Sciences, Management viz. etc. Units, Departments, the in available ‘Informatics’ also field the an alternative to Information Science and IT in many countries. Apart from the IT and Computing stream, Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Computer Application, etc. The term Informatics widely used as Science. ItisveryclosetoInformationScience,Systems, Technology rather Informatics isanemerging subjectthatconcernwithbothInformation Technology andManagement ˆ ˆ Selection ofInformation. Collection ofInformation. Received: Informatics, IT, InformaticsSystems,BiologicalInformatics,Emerging Subjects, Academics, 14Jan, 2020 P.K. Paul Revised: ABSTRACT 1* andP.S. Aithal 12Apr., 2020 8(1):01-09,June2020 2 Accepted: 25May, 2020 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale methods, etc. Moreover, asthe branch is a little different from the existing Computer Science so it is also Informatics asaScienceofInformationalsousesdifferent Managementtools,techniques,procedure, Print ISSN:2321-0745 Information Scienceand Technology inmanycontexts is anappliedscienceandtreated asbothacademicandpracticingsubject.Itisclose with Informatics from theComputerScience. concentrated on Computingorusedas analternative to the applications Applied Computing ortoshow that in European countries it is a kind of information centric field whereas in the United States it is more noted been has study,it the From Informatics’. ‘Applied termed and introduced institutes educational and universities many also and popularized got term Informatics Health specific domain Initially,the structures (ReferFig.1&2). Further, it can be deemed as the interaction of technology with information with the human organizational study andalsousesofinformation technology in different kinds ofsectorsorvariouscommunities appeared as a 1966 andlateronin1967theEnglishterm If we search then it can be noted that Mikhailov was advocated the Russian term However, intheyear1962,term word the coined first As far as historical background is concerned in the year 1956, Karl Steinbach, a German computer scientist Informatics andBackground The current paper is conceptual, analytical in nature and deals with mainly following aim and objective— Objective closely connectedwiththeSocialSciencesandHumanitiesaswell. Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Pauland Aithal ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Management ofInformation. Processing ofInformation. Organization ofInformation. To learnaboutthefurtherpotentialitiesinrespectofInformaticsfieldstudy. allied branches. To gatherinformation about thetraditional and emerging areasofresearchinInformatics and To learnabouttheacademicprograms,degreesandnomenclatureoffered inInformatics. Sciences, ManagementLegal&EducationalSciences. To learnabout the Informatics related to the Bio Sciences, Pure & Mathematical Sciences, Social To findoutthetypes,natureofInformaticsasapracticingareaandfieldstudywell. To gatherinformationonbackground,foundation,evolutionofInformaticsandalliedbranches. To learnaboutthebasicsofInformatics;includingitsnatureandcharacteristics. Dissemination ofInformation. theory of scientific information scientific of theory Informatik in a paper called informatique informatics and argued for a broader meaning. Further, it is a field of field Further,a meaning. is broader it a argued for and was coinedbyPhilippetogetherwithvarioustranslations. Informatik: Automatische Informations verarbeitung 2 wascoinedandbecomepopular. Then itwas [2],[7],[9] . The field Informatics is a concern informatika Online ISSN:2322-0465 in the year [1],[9] . . www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Information processingactivitiesarethecorejobsofInformaticsandemerged during1970-90s. information. of dissemination and management, processing, organization, selection, collection, with Print ISSN:2321-0745 or importantare— study. We can see different types ofInformation Sciences similar to Informatics and among these major of branch academic an as one second the and well) as field a as developed of now (and based one practicing first that, is Science’ ‘Information and ‘Informatics’ between difference major the However, Library &InformationSciencecanbetreatedasimportant information. of Gradually it was considered as abranchofstudyandconcentrated on othersubjectsandamongthese study scientific a as evolved and enough broad is Science’ ‘Information branch The Informatics, InformationScienceandOther Allied Fields à-vis Informatics-similaritiesanddissimilarities. Centers, GovernmentsDepartment,andMinistries,etc.Here, Research Universities, educational in also but organizationsIT the in only not applicable is Informatics technologies fordoingthesetasks;inanotherfocus,thecoreconcentrationison on focus partial a with processing,etc information management, information viz. basics information of many aconcentration with field the in is it foci, first in foci, two with seen be can field field a as Informatics contexts. Computing and Technology Information the of alternative the as treated is Informatics Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Geo InformationScience Health InformationScience Medical InformationScience Informatics: Foundation,Nature, Types and Allied areas— Treated as as Treated

USA and Canada and others Information Science Science popularized and Termed Information academic academic Fig. 1: Scientific Information Scientific Information domain InformationScience Vs. Informatics

in in

3

UK and European Countries Informatics Activities

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popularized in popularized Online ISSN:2322-0465

[3], [13],[14]

. www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Information Systems is another branch close to Informatics. This field is responsible for the evolution, the for responsible is field This Informatics. to close branch another is Systems Information Information Systems close aswell. Apart fromthis,someotherveryclosefieldsare— Information Science Science (BioInformatics) and otherarenotcommonly available as ChemoInformationScience or Bio Bio in Informatics), (Chemo Chemistry in viz. concentration domain other have which subjects Other Print ISSN:2321-0745 Designing, HumanComputer Interaction, Web DesigningandDevelopment, ContentManagement,etc. Web Technology Wireless Networks,CloudComputing, Converged Network,andsoon Network Technology sub componentsarealsousing andrapidlygrowingviz.— Multimedia Technology, Software Technology, etc. Within thesetechnologies, many emerging toolsand importantareDatabase few technological components Technology, Network Technology, Web Technology, It is worthy to note that for the job and objective fulfillment of the branch ‘Informatics’, among the useful components forthetaskoffollowing— As an Applied Science, Informatics deals with various Computing and Information Technological Informatics andComponents deals withmathematicalandhardwaredesigningdevelopmentrelatedaffairs mostly. Though,Computer Science, Computer Engineering Further, Computingislessfocusedonhardwaredesignanddevelopment. Computing is another branch and doingthe affairs ofcomputation and computer and similar devices use. Computing Information ScienceorSystems. Multimedia Technology, Software Technology. This islessinformationcentricthanInformaticsor various uses this as components andtechnologies such asDatabase Technology, related, Network is Technology, it Web And Technology, Informatics. of field close another is Technology Information Information Technology Informatics. Though this branch is also using the tools, technologies as mentioned in Informatics Media Informatics, Bio viz. specific sector domain/ also but specific instituted only not is Informatics whereas institutions organizations, of infrastructure information overall of development designing, Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Pauland Aithal ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Knowledge Organization, etc. Information Analysis, Consolidated,andRepackaging. Documentation. Knowledge Management. is composed of different emerging areas viz. Usability Engineering, User Experience User Engineering, Usability viz. areas emergingdifferent of composed is [4],[17],[18],[19] theemerging and superspecialty areas areNetworkSecurity, CyberSecurity, . So,it is clear that Informatics and Information Science; both are very is far different from the Informatics. As such branch 4 [6], [10],[11] . Online ISSN:2322-0465 [5],[24],[25] .

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Security Technology, mining, Advanced InformationManagement,BigData Analytics, DataScience,etc. Database Technology development usingvarioushighlevelprogramminglanguages. Software Technology Interactive InformationSystems. Whereas, Print ISSN:2321-0745 of thisapproach ishigherthanthatofPure Sciencearoundtheworld. Informatics of Biological Sciences are also very popular and widely available Informatics applications or integration with the Pure Science related areascan be considered as following— academic institutions. on based differently internationally into and classified be can it Informatics, the of nature the on Based Types ofInformatics Cloud andMobileSecurity, etc. The issuessuchasIT SecurityPolicies,Governance,etcarealsoimportant. Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021

ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Materials informatics. Irrigation informatics. Energy Informatics. Hydro informatics. Evolutionary informatics. Engineering Informatics. Computational informatics Dissemination Dissemination Management Organization Processing Processing Collection Multimedia Technology Selection Selection Informatics: Foundation,Nature, Types and Allied areas— Informatics combineswith Web &DatabaseSecurity, NetworkSecurity, including the latest

isthemosttraditionalareaofIT softwareandapplication anditdealswith iscurrently dealing with traditional Database Management, Data warehousing&

Fig. 2: deals with various areas viz. VFX, Usability Designing, Animation, Usability VFX, viz. areas various with deals . technology and Tools and technology Fundamentals ofInformatics. (Paul,PK) for manual Information manual for Only through proper proper through Only Management 5

–

No scope scope No Information, Data,Information, Knowledge An Educational&AnalyticalInvestigation [4],[12],[15] Proper Information Proper Online ISSN:2322-0465 Management . The development . The

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 available inmany subjectsviz. As far as India is concerned, general Informatics is not available though, domain specific Informatics is viz. BSBiologyandMSBio Informatics. from countrytocountry. Insomeinstitutes even innovative subject & informatics programs available Similarly, inBachelorsalso programsareoffered intheabovementioned degrees andthistrend differs Post GraduateDiploma,Degreesleading tofollowing— It is worthy to note that among the Post Graduate Programs most available are Post Graduate Certificate, Research Degrees Masters, Bachelors, Diploma, Certificate, from ranging Informatics on programs educational offers The field Informatics is broad enough and internationally different organizations, institutions, universities Informatics and Academics Some researcheradvocatedandintroduceddifferent otherInformaticsnamely— Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Pauland Aithal ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Forest informatics Disease informatics Environmental informatics. MPhil, etc. MTech/ MEbyResearch MTech/ MEbyCoursework MS MSc Security Informatics. Data Informatics Pervasive Informatics Legal informatics Cloud Informatics Cognitive Informatics. Behavior Informatics. Brain Informatics. Geo informatics. Forest informatics. Neuro informatics Laboratory informatics Health informatics Bio Informatics [8],[16],[20] . 6 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale & frontiersFig.3. viz. Department of Health Informatics Most oftheuniversitieshavestartedtooffer theprogramsinconcernednomenclature department Print ISSN:2321-0745 Findings Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021

ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ

ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Geo Informatics. Bio Informatics, Health Informatics, Informatics. In India,commonInformatics programsaremainlyGeoInformatics, BioInformatics,Health Science, SocialManagement Science,etc. Bio Science, Physical viz. sectors and differentcomponents to related much very is Informatics viz. Environmental Informatics in the Schools/ Units/ Departments in Environment & Ecology, etc. Informatics is offered in the dedicated ‘Informatics’ or allied departments or units or domain specific rather ComputerScience,Engineering. Informatics isveryclosetoInformationScience, Systems,Information Technology Informatics maybein-generalordomainspecific. The branchInformaticsisbroadandinterdisciplinaryin natureandfocusedonInformation. Informatics Informatics: Foundation,Nature, Types and Allied areas— Technology Specific Domain Specific

Fig. 3: Emerging ResearchareasinInformatics.

[7], [17],[22]

. There aredifferent researchemergences evolvingas areas Informatics Informatics Informatics Informatics Eco Informatics ML ML ● Wireless Network

HCI HCI 7 ●

Cloud Computing ●

Converged NetworkConverged ●

Security Informatics Informatics Security ● An Educational&AnalyticalInvestigation Geo Informatics Informatics Geo ●

IoT IoT ● Bio Informatics Informatics Bio

●

3 D 3 ●

Cloud Computing ●

Usability Engineering Usability

Online ISSN:2322-0465 ●

●

Business Business Health Health ●

AI & AI

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Management, Bio Medical Informatics, Informatics & Information Systems, etc. Even indomaincentric nomenclature viz. Informatics & Analytics, Informatics & Communication, Informatics and Information and technology played avital role in respect ofinformation affairs. Informatics also started with different collection todisseminationperformedbythemanualtoolsandtechniques but thedevelopmentofscience Information is very much close to the data and knowledge. Previously only information related affairs viz. Information is an important and vital source for each and every kind of organizations, institutions and so on. CONCLUSION Print ISSN:2321-0745 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. REFERENCES etc. InIndiaalsouseofthetermInformaticsisincreasingbothatGovernmentandPrivatecategories. Informatics, the merged title noticeable viz. Bio & Health Informatics, Geo & Environmental Informatics, Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Pauland Aithal Information ScienceandMarketing Management. Paul, PrantoshKumar and Pharmaceutical andBiological Research (IJPBR), twoproposed curriculumfor sophisticatedGeoSpatialdevelopmentin emphasizing Overview Informatics]: [Geo Science MSc-Information 2013. Kumar. Prantosh Paul, Science withPossibilitiesinI-Schools. Paul, Prantosh Kumar. 2013.BusinessInformatics: Emerging Domain of Interdisciplinary Information Pharmaceutical Sciences Environment in 21 vis-a-Vis andPoovammal,E.2013.Information Service Kumar Prantosh Paul, OnlineandCloud Nikolov, R. 1987. Integrating informatics into the curriculum. emerging concerns 2013. (Eds.). S. Rao, and G.B. Nambissan, capitalism. Kapur, D. and Mehta, P.B. 2004. Indian higher education reform: From half-baked socialism to half-baked Archives ofPathologyandLaboratory Medicine in pathology residency programs: proposed learning objectives and skill sets for the new millennium. Henricks, W.H., Boyer, P.J., Harrison, J.H., Tuthill, J.M.andHealy, J.C.2003.Informaticstraining Education andPractice Gupta, D. and Gupta, N. 2012.Higher education in India: structure, statistics and challenges. American JournalofClinicalPathology Goldberg-Kahn, B.andHealy, J.C. 1997.Medical informatics training inpathologyresidencyprograms. Dayal, I.2002.Developingmanagement education in India. Altbach, P.G. 1993. The dilemma ofchangein Indianhighereducation. Center forinternationaldevelopmentworkingpaper . NewDelhi:OxfordUniversityPress. st

Century: Promoting Environmental & BioInformatics. , 3 , (2): 17-24. 9 (4): 3164-3168. DipakChaterjee. 2013. International JournalofMarketingTheory , 107 Sociology of education in India: Changing contoursand (1): 122-127. 8 , 127 SIT JournalofManagement

4 (5):218-227. (8): 1009-1018. Retail Informatics: The Wonderful Cluster of Cluster Wonderful The Informatics: Retail Journal ofManagementResearch Education andComputing , 103 . Higher Education International Journalof Journal ofChemical and , 3 Online ISSN:2322-0465 (11): 89-95. , 3 (2): 113-120. , , 3 26 (3): 269-74. Journal of , (1): 3-20. 2 (2): 98. www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale 14. 13. Print ISSN:2321-0745 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 140-144. Informatics) in Indian Scenario. Scenario with Special Reference to Design and Development of Proposed MSc-Information Science (Retail Paul, Prantosh Kumar, A. Bhuimali and Dipak Chaterjee. 2016. Retail Informatics: Basics and Emerging Universities. and Academics in way and need emphasizing opportunities and Possibilities Chemo-Informatics: by Paul, PrantoshKumar, Jhuma Ganguly andGhosh, M. 2013. Chemical Information Management powered The sagaofIndian experience. Tilak, J.B. 2008. Transition from higher education as a public good to higher education as a private good: current trendsandscope Tayade,2011.and Kulkarni,N.B. M.C. The Interfaceoftechnology andmedical education inIndia: Medicine Supe, A. andBurdick, W.P. 2006.ChallengesandissuesinmedicaleducationIndia. education: Indiancontext. Sohani, N. and Sohani, N. 2012. Developing interpretive structural model for quality framework in higher Clin. Med. prospects. and India–problems in education Medical B.V.2000. Adkoli, and R. Sood, & Technology as an emerging Area: A Basic Review. Paul, P.K., Aithal, P.S. and Bhuimali, A. 2018. Business Informatics: With Special Reference to Big Data Engineering &Technology, Technology— a Fundamental Overview. Paul, P.K., Bhuimali, A. and P.S.Aithal, Education: 2017.IndianHigher With SlanttoInformation International JournalofScientificResearch inPhysicsand AppliedSciences and Challenges Practice: EmphasizingPossibilities, Informatics Future of Domain Academic Scenario. Paul, P.K., Bhuimali, A., Aithal, P.S. andDangwal,K.L.2017.QuantumInformationScience-The International JournalofRecentResearches inScience,Engineering &Technology Information Science& Technology (IST):ChallengesandOpportunitiesinDevelopingCountriesContext. P.K.,Paul, P.S.Aithal, Bhuimali, and Informatics: Business 2017. A. AMSc- of specialization possible Chemical Research Sciences. Information Biological Emphasizing Universities: Paul, P.K. and Aithal, P.S. 2017.Informatics as aBranchinIndian Academics with CaseofPrivate Sciences Promotion ofBiological Information Sciences. Paul, P.K.and Aithal, P.S. 2017.BioInformatics inPrivateUniversitiesIndia: An Emerging Studyon and Education,pp.84-92. Conference on Innovationsandimplications in Information Technology, Management, Social Sciences on promotionofBiologicalInformationSciencesinHigherEducationProceedingsNational Paul, P.K. and Aithal, P.S. 2017.Bio Informatics in private universities in India: An Emerging Study Informatics: Foundation,Nature, Types and Allied areas— , , 5 81 , (1): 1-7. 1 (12): 1076-1080. (3): 210-212. Current Trends inBiotechnologyandChemicalResearch , 6 (04): 21-27. , 7 (1-2): 37-42. . Indian JournalofBasic& Applied MedicalResearch Journal ofEngineering,Science&ManagementEducation

5 (11): 31-50. Journal of Asian PublicPolicy International Journal ofInformationDissemination&Technology International JournalofRecentResearches inScience,Engineering International Journal onRecent Researches InScience, International JournalofBioinformatics and Biological 9 An Educational&AnalyticalInvestigation , 1 Current Trends inBiotechnologyand (2): 220-234. , 3 (2): 137-141. , 5 , (5): 22-26. 1 Online ISSN:2322-0465 (1): 8-12. , 5 (10): 54-63. , 5 J Indian Acad. J (2): 495-501. Academic

, pp. www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale yrteml ytei ad Spectroscopic and Synthesis Hydrothermal ©2020 NewDelhiPublishers. All rightsreserved DOI: 10.30954/2322-0465.1.2020.2 International Journalof Applied ScienceandEngineering, biological products, civil engineering, immobilization techniques, and chemical industries. Among these iron minerals have been utilized include microbial sciences, imaging systems, pharmaceutical sciences, been applied in medicine, as coloring pigment and inenvironmental remediation. Other areas where has sizes or differentscales in oxohydroxides and hydroxides oxides, iron of use engineering. The and Iron based minerals have been used for centuries in many applications such as in science, technology *Corresponding author:[email protected] 3 2 1 ( Hematite Rod-like one-dimentional of Characterization Department ofChemistry, KogiStateCollegeofEducation(Tecchnical), P.O.B 242Kabba,Nigeria Hydro &Electrometallurgy Department,Institute of MineralsandMaterialsTechnology, Bhubaneswar-751013,India Department ofChemistry, UniversityofIlorin,P.M.B. 1515,Ilorin,Nigeria

Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 α- Keywords: or otherinorganic materialsatindustrial scaleespeciallywhenrod-likematerialsareneeded. the synthesized material. Therefore, this method may be applied to synthesize other forms of iron minerals α- synthesized the that show analysis TEM and FESEM EDX. with done was analysis elemental the while mV respectively. The morphology and shape of the synthesized mineral was studied with FESEM and 31.2 and TEM nm 1300.9 about of sizes particles average indicated analysis potential zeta and DLS the while shows that the single-crystalline sample indexed as the pure rhombohedra dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods were used to characterize the synthesized mineral. XRD analysis microscopy (FESEM), elemental diffraction X- ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and of analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-field emission scanning electron Rod-like Fe Fe Received: 2 O 2 3 O minerals were rod-like in shape while EDX analysis gave a good composition of the elements of α- Abdus-Salam, N. 3 Fe Synthesis,Hematite,characterization,rod-like ) Mineralin Alkaline Medium 2 17Jan., 2020 O 3 was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized using spectroscopic methods 1 , JohnGodwin Revised: ABSTRACT 1,2,3* 21Apr., 2020 and Bankim Chandra and BankimChandra Tripathy 8(1):11-18, June2020 α - Fe 2 O Accepted: 3 material was formed 23May, 2020 2 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale used astemplates bymanyresearchers with manydisadvantages including low yield of pure 5], electrical explosion of iron[6],sol-gel method [7] andothers. These synthesis methods have been synthesize to applied been have that methods the of Some it. synthesize to method fastest and easiest the find to researchers various by made been have indifferentof metalionwastewater researchwork(2). areasofapplications,efforts wide aresultofits As corrosion protective paints and for red pigment (1). Fe and has gained prominent use as catalysts, electrodes, gas sensors,magnetic materials, photo catalyst, iron basedminerals, Print ISSN:2321-0745 carried outatroomtemperature. energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) type Anton paar Lenovo litesizier 500. All the measurements were G2 20twin,FEINetherland, 80 kV. The Fe andOelemental analysis of the samples was performed by type ZEISSevolutionseries 2000,25kV andtransmissionelectron microscopy(TEM)withtypetecnai with (FESEM) microscopy electron scanning emission field by characterized was material synthesized seconds withagenerating set of40mA and45Kvat a temperature of 25 panalytical X-Pert high score (POM) equipped with Cu-K 90 – 10 of range the in 2θ with recorded were pattern XRD The 2. series empyrean type with (XRD) diffractometer X-ray by characterized was mineral synthesized the of identification phase The Spectroscopic Characterizationofα-Fe TEM, DLSandZetapotentialanalysis. material was stored in a reagent bottle while a little quantity was taken for XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, nitrate ions andother impurities andthendriedinanovenat100 was filtered and washed for several times with ethanol and doubly distilled water thoroughly till free of the composition and morphology of the content. After cooling to the ambient temperature, the precipitate After thereaction time, the autoclave was broughtoutandallowed to coolnaturally to prevent change in including the 1hourthat the autoclave was allowed to attain the temperature of theovenenvironment. an oventhatwasearlierputontoattain a temperature of 160 make upabout80%ofthevolumeautoclave. The autoclave and itscontentsweretransferredto stirring isallowedtocontinue for 5minutesandthentransferredtotheautoclave and waterwasaddedto beaker with continuous stirring at the same speed. After complete addition of the NaOH solution, the completely dissolved in solution. The alkaline solution was gradually added tothe nitrate solution in the Similarly,pellets was preparedinabeakerandstirredtilltheNaOH a10mlsolutionof2.5MNaOH nitrate solution(0.2M)withwaspreparedinabeakerconstantstirringat600rpmtoclearsolution. Fe Rod-like MATERIALS AND METHODS surfactants. pure rod-like synthesizing for approach hydrothermal simple and easy an designed have we work, research this In and multi-dimensionalsynthesizedmaterials. Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Abdus-Salam 2 O α- 3 was synthesized with Fe(NO with synthesized was Fe et al. 2 O 3 α- in an alkaline medium using a hydrated salt of iron without any hard template or Fe 2 O 3 isamajor component of varioustypessediments, soils andironores 3 2 )2.9H O 3 α- 12 Fe 2 O (98.0%)andNaOH(97.0%). A 20mlofferric 2 2 O O 3 3 has showna special property in the adsorption α includehydrolysis(2),co-precipitation [3, 4, ( λ ° = 1.54606Å)atascanratetimeof24.765 C forhydrothermalreaction46hours ° C for 20 hours and the synthesized the and hours 20 for C o C. The morphologyofthe Online ISSN:2322-0465 α- o C with Fe 2 O 3

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 of thepowderedmaterialwhichshowsthat 45 Kv and 40 Am was used to identify crystalline phases of the sample. Fig. 1a shows the XRD pattern α-Fe synthesized the of (XRD) spectroscopy diffraction X-ray RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Pos. [°2θ] 71.9109 64.0193 62.4567 54.0560 49.4759 40.8855 35.6822 33.1810 24.2008 17.7153 Fig. 1:(a) Table 1: Height [cts] XRD pattern ListofXRDpeaksforthesynthesizedrod-likeα-Fe 1471.92 1174.09 123.88 539.70 486.36 845.28 564.92 429.13 402.68 5.66 Hydrothermal SynthesisandSpectroscopicCharacterizationofone-dimentionalRod-like... (b) FWHM Left[°2θ] Plotofidentifiedphasesrod-like 0.4896 0.2856 0.2448 0.2652 0.2856 0.2448 0.2448 0.2652 0.2856 0.4488 α -Fe d-spacing [Å] method 2 1.45322 1.48577 1.69510 1.84075 2.20544 2.51421 2.69779 3.67464 5.00260 1.31192 O 13 3 wastheonlyphasepresent. Rel. Int.[%] 2 O 100.00 36.67 33.04 57.43 38.38 29.15 79.77 27.36 α- 0.38 8.42 3 material by hydrothermal method at Fe 2 O 2 O 3 byhydrothermalmethod 3 synthesized byhydrothermal Tip Width 0.3427 0.2938 0.3182 0.3427 0.2938 0.2938 0.3182 0.3427 0.5386 0.5875 Online ISSN:2322-0465 98-016-1283 98-016-1283 98-016-1283 98-016-1283 98-016-1283 98-016-1283 98-016-1283 98-016-1283 98-016-1283 98-016-1283 Matched by www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale microscopy (FESEM) method of analysis. The images of the α-Fe the of images The analysis. of method (FESEM) microscopy The surface morphology of the synthesized material was studied using field emission scanning electron plot correspondtopeaksofpurephaseα-Fe of the identified phases of the prepared material is also represented in Fig. 1b. The peaks in the identifier A°, (024), (116), (018),(214), (300)and(101)indexedaspurerhombohedrastructureof 62.4567, 54.0560, 64.0193 and71.9109representedin Table49.4759, 1correspondtothecrystalplanes(012),(104),(110), (113),40.8855, 35.6822, 33.1810, 24.2008, 17.7153, = 2Ө at peaks XRD The Print ISSN:2321-0745 agglomeration. 2 showsthat Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Abdus-Salam c = 13 . 7720 A° ) which is identified using the standard data file No. 98-016-1283 (JCPDS). The plot Fig. 2: Fig. 3: α- et al. Fe FESEM patternfortherod-likeα-Fe EDS analysisfor therod-likeα-Fe 2 O 3 samples preparedbyhydrothermalmethodarerod-likeinnaturewithlittle 2 O 3 mineral[8,9,10]. 14 2 O 2 O 3 synthesizedby hydrothermalmethod 3 synthesizedbyhydrothermalmethod 2 O 3 material as represented in Fig. Online ISSN:2322-0465 α -Fe 2 O 3 ( a = 5 . 0380 0380 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale prepared withlessaggregation. which confirms the result obtained by FESEM analysis above. It can also be seen that the materials were structure in rod-like is route hydrothermal by material synthesized the of image TEM the that shows 4 α-Fe of The transmissionelectron microscopic (TEM) methodofanalysiswascarried out afterthesynthesis Print ISSN:2321-0745 a zetapotentialof31.20mV asrepresented inFig.6. determined by usingdynamic light scattering (DLS) method and wasfoundtobeabout 1300.9 nmwith α-Fe rod-like ordered the of size mean The of puritytherod-likeα-Fe result ofaluminium foil usedtopreparethesamplesbeforeanalysis. The EDSresultshowsthedegree the peaksofironandoxygenwithoutanyotherelements present except the peakduetoaluminium as a rod-like prepared by hydrothermal method under FESEM analysis. Fig. 3 shows the EDS analysis of the synthesized Elemental diffraction spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of the material Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 2 O α- 3 mineral to confirm the growth pattern and the distribution of the crystallites sample. Figure sample. crystallites the of distribution the and pattern growth the confirm to mineral Fe Fig. 5: Fig. 4: 2 O 3 which confirms the presence of Fe and O with weight percent. The EDS result shows result EDS The percent. weight with O and Fe of presence the confirms which DLS analysisfor therod-likeα-Fe TEM imagesfortherod-likeα-Fe Hydrothermal SynthesisandSpectroscopicCharacterizationofone-dimentionalRod-like... 2 O 3 prepared byhydrothermalmethod. 2 O 3 preparedbythismethodasrepresentedinFig.5was 15 2 2 O O 3 3 synthesizedbyhydrothermalmethod synthesizedby hydrothermalmethod Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. REFERENCES the absenceofotherimpuritiesinsynthesizedrod-like of 31.20mV withlessaggregation. only peaksofiron(Fe)andoxygen(O The EDSresultshows α- synthesized the that shows also image TEM The agglomerate. less with shaped in rod-like is material shows rod-like structure of synthesize to out carried successfully been has method hydrothermal Simple CONCLUSIONS Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Fe Abdus-Salam 2 method. Morales-Morales, J.A. 2017. Synthesis of Hematite α-Fe mechanism ofhematitenanoparticles. growth and characterization, synthesis, Hydrothermal 2014. R.L. Lee, and N. Liu, Yu,M., J., Khalil, Fe of Characterization 2011. F. nanoparticles preparedbytransformationof Jun, and Z.Q. Mei, L.X., L.Y.,Dong, Qiang, L., Jian, M., Hua, Simple Co-PrecipitationMethod. α-Fe of Characterization and Synthesis 2015. F. Soflaee, and M. Farahmandjou, Archives forTechnical Sciences, Hematite. and Goethite by Zinc and Copper of Sorption 2015. D. Zuzana, and S. Iveta, B., Alexandra, Journal ofpure and appliedChemistry Abdulkadir, I. and Aliyu, A.B. 2013. Some wet routes for synthesis of hematite nanostructures. O 3 Fig. 5: prepared by hydrothermal route has an average diameter of about 1300.9 nm and a zeta potential Ciencia enDesarrollo, Zeta potentialanalysisfortherod-likeα-Fe et al. α -Fe 2 O 3

. A SEM image clearly shows that the morphology of the synthesized 8 12 (1): 99-107. Physical ChemistryResearch, (1): 59-66. Journal NanoparticlesResearch, , 7 (3): 114 -121. α -FeOOH. 16 2 O 2 Material Science, O α- 3 synthesizedbyhydrothermalmethod 3 Nano Powders by the controlled precipitation bythecontrolledprecipitation Powders Nano Fe 2 O 3 3 . (3): 191-196.

16

56 : 2362. (22): 2383−2388. α Online ISSN:2322-0465 -Fe 2 O 2 3 O Nanoparticlesby 3 . XRD pattern XRD . African 2 ) in 2 O 3

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale 9. 8. 7. Print ISSN:2321-0745 10. Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 of HematiteIronOxide(α-Fe Rasheed, R.T., Al-Algawi, S.D., Kareem, H.H. and Mansoor, H.S. 2018. Preparation and Characterization Crystalline Single- of Characterization and Synthesis Hydrothermal 2011. G. Gao, and W.,R. Yi,Yang,Qin, C., properties of Pailhe, N., Wattiaux, A., Gaudon,M.and Demourgues, A. 2008.Impact of structural features on pigment Transactions, Iron OxideNanoparticles Prepared byElectrical Explosion ofFe Wire in ArO of Characterization and Synthesis 2012. D. Shin, and W.,K. Kim, YulKo, S., C., Lee, Suh, K., Song, α -Fe α

53 -Fe 2 Hydrothermal SynthesisandSpectroscopicCharacterizationofone-dimentionalRod-like... (11): 2056-2059. O 2 3 O Nanocubes. 3 haematite. 2 O Journal ofNanomaterials 3 ) bySol-GelMethod. Journal ofSolidStateChemistry, 17 Chemical ScienceJournal, , Article ID159259,doi:10.1155/2011/159259

181 : 2697–2704. 2 GasMixtures. Online ISSN:2322-0465

9 : 197. Materials www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Wind Energy System Load Analysis with Voltage Regulator ©2020 NewDelhiPublishers. All rightsreserved DOI: 10.30954/2322-0465.1.2020.3 International Journalof Applied ScienceandEngineering, control, energy saving and energy efficiency and the development of alternative and clean energy sources change. These forumspromptedcountriesto developnational energy policies that address pollution international conventions andforums havebeenestablishedtoaddressandsolvetheproblem ofclimate The burning of conventional fossil fuels worldwide has caused an increase in pollution. Numerous world toconsideralternativeformsofenergy thatuseinexhaustible naturalresources for manydecades, are running outveryquickly. This seriousproblem has prompted nations around the Natural resources suchascoal, oil and gas,whichhavepoweredpowerplants,industries and vehicles industrial growth have led to a significant increase in electricity consumption over the past three decades Electricity is themostcommon source ofenergy forfamilies, workplacesandindustry. Population and *Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofElectrical&Electronics Engineering,Technocrats InstituteofTechnology, Bhopal,India Controller basedSTATCOM Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Keywords: STATCOM having AC DCvoltage regulationcontrollerIthasimprovedto50KW. KW load.However, theOptimum valueofthesystemuptowhichitcandriveloadis18KW andwith its value.Itwasobservedthatthevoltage dip insystemwithoutSTATCOM ismorewhiledriving1000 to 1000volts. This voltageshouldbemaintained when itismadetodriveanyloadwithoutdroppingin the systems are compatible. The waveform of the open circuit voltage output has avariation up to800 controller. The loadhasbeenvariedcontinuouslytoobservetheoptimumvalueofupwhichboth is beingobservedandcomparedwiththesystemhavingSTATCOM with AC DCvoltage regulation 0 to 25 m/s has been observed. It is made to drive the heavy loads and the drop in the voltage outputs The RMS values of the voltage outputs from the wind energy system where the speed of wind varies between Received: Wind Energy, DFIG, Voltage Regulator, STATCOM, MATLAB 15Jan., 2020 Abhishek Kumar Anand* andGirraj PrasadRathor Revised: ABSTRACT 24Apr., 2020 8(1):19-31,June2020 Accepted: [2] . 26May, 2020 [1] [3] . . www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale converter onthenetworkside. The layoutoftheDFIGconfigurationisillustratedinFig.1. / DC AC converter. A transformer is usedtoregulate the voltage levels between the network andthe connected directly to the network and the rotor windings connected to the stator terminal via the AC windings stator the with (WRIG) generator induction rotor wound a using configured is generator The (A) DFIGConfiguration Print ISSN:2321-0745 side ofthewindenergyGSC conversionsystem (WECS).Furthermore,the proposedcontrolshave the on performance the and side RSC the on power and voltage current, control to (DFIG) generator converters (RSC) and grid side converters (GSC) of the wind turbine type with double power induction Ammar F. attenuate thefluctuationsof theintermediatecircuitvoltageduringlinefailure. which reflects the instantaneous intermediate circuit current of the converter on the rotor side in order to common coupling point (CCP). The proposed line side control scheme introduces a compensation term of the WT byincreasingthespeedofitsrotorineventlowvoltageduetoamainserror, e.g.the the newcontrolstrategy, therotorsidecontrolcanconvert unbalanced power intothekinetic energy of part As connection. network requirements with (LVRT)accordance capacity in throughput voltage double power wind turbine (DF) basedonaninduction generator (DFIG) inordertoimprove the low Xu Zhao LITERATURE REVIEW electromagnetic torqueandtheexcitationcurrentsofrotor. the grid. The rotor side converter control strategy (RSC) essentially takes into account the control of the and link voltageremainsconstantandisalsoresponsibleforcontrolling the reactive power ofDFIG DC of twoPWMconverterswithanintermediate circuit capacitor. The GSCmustbecheckedsothatthe and super-synchronousboth thesub-synchronous speed range. This typeofconversionsystemconsists energy.more generate complexity,and strategy control the decoupled Depending on DFIGcanoperatein circuit capacitor. Back-to-back converters are often usedinDFIG-based systems forwindapplications to source converters withpulsewidthmodulation (PWM) andacommonDCbuswithanintermediate The back-to-back converter is abidirectional power converter consisting of twoconventional voltage Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Anand andRathor et al. et al. [2] [3] proposedan extended control strategy for theline side rotor and converters of the proposedsuitable designs ofintegrated proportional controllers (PI) forrotorside Fig. 1: DFIG Configuration 20 [1] Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale VSC on the wind farm side are optimally coordinated in order to maintain tensions within the achievable wind farms(OWF).IntheproposedMPC-basedEVCS,allturbinegenerators(WTG)and model (MPC)forhighvoltageconnected directcurrentconvertedtovoltageoffshore(VSCHVDC) Guo, Y. PI controllerbasedonthetrialanderrormethodtoexamine the fullperformance of the WECS system. the limit to is document this in step first The (BCO). colonies bee of optimization namely: techniques, The optimal design oftheparameters of theproposedPIcontrollersisalsorepresentedbyintelligent been designedtoreduce the overshootfault current when different types ofdisturbances have occurred. Print ISSN:2321-0745 power ofthewind-turbineis expressedasinequation(i): Model of wind turbine with PMSG Wind turbines cannot fully capture wind energy. Output aerodynamic (B) Wind EnergySystem Modelling either solarorwindresourcesdependingontheavailability thusmakingthesystemmorereliable The modelingofDual Voltage SourceInverter systemisdonewhichcapableoffeedingtheloadwith object-orientedprogramming features.Ithasfollowingkeyfeatures: and input/output, structures, data functions, statements, flow control with language The model has been developed in MALAB/SIMULINK environment. This is a high-level matrix/array METHODOLOGY the powersystemdevicesincludingwindgeneratorsandphotovoltaicunitshavebeendiscussed. devices used toenhance voltage stability are also explained. The steady-state and dynamic modelling of Bharti operating modewithabacktoPWMconverter. Depending on the wind speed, the DFIG-based wind turbine can operate in sub and super synchronous with dualpowersupply)werepresentedandthecontrolstrategywasexamined in twooperatingmodes. attention. (induction generator In thisarticle, the analysisandmodelingofvariablespeedDFIG Sudhasmita Behera of theactivepowerproducedbywindturbinesonvoltageregulationarealsotakenintoconsideration. range and reduce system performance losses. Giventhe high ratio of the OWF sensorsystem,the effects Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Royalty-free deploymentoptionsforsharingMATLAB programswithendusers Tools forbuildingapplicationswithcustomuserinterfaces Add-on toolboxesforawiderangeofengineeringandscientific applications tasks Apps for curve fitting, data classification, signal analysis, control system tuning, and many other Graphics forvisualizingdataandtoolscreatingcustomplots Desktop environmenttunedforiterativeexploration,design,andproblem-solving High-level languageforscientificandengineeringcomputing et al. et al. [6] [4] analyzed the driving force and main causes of voltage instability.voltage of and Differentcauses methods main and force driving the analyzed proposed animprovedvoltage controlstrategy (EVCS)basedonthepredictive control et al. Wind Energy SystemLoad Analysis with Voltage RegulatorControllerbasedSTATCOM [5] shown renewable,reliable and cleanenergy, windenergy attracted more 21 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale equation (ii): the coefficient of power conversion and where, Print ISSN:2321-0745 waveform toitsmaximumvalue. This mechanismusesthevariable torqueoutput operation oftheturbinerotor, sothemaximumpowerisextractedcontinuouslyfromwind. where the MPPT,output characteristic, power power is maximized generator wind the in point specific a exists there speed, wind each For described inequation(v): A generic equation is used to model the power coefficient degrees). Then Poweroutputisgivenby, ratio speed tip the of function nonlinear a is coefficient power The The windturbinemechanicaltorqueoutput Where Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Anand andRathor ω ρ isthe air density (typically 1.225 kg/m m Cv T Ce λ and Cv P PC mp Turbine Turbine p = =Α =− ω R 11 2 116 1 2 v m =Α =Α aretherotorangularvelocity(inrad/sec)andradiumm),respectively. λβ ρ R    1 1 2 2 λ

ρ λβυ ρ i ( 0.4 p p , max ( β ) , 3 Fig. 2: 3 …(iv) ) ω −    m λ 21 3 i …(i) …(iii) …(v) MATLAB/SIMULINK Model ofDFIG [5]-[7] v . Thus, thecontrolof WECS loadresultsinavariable-speed is the wind speed (in m/s). The tip-speed ratio is defined as in m T givenasinequation(iii): 3 w ), m 22 A

and tries to optimize the output current and voltage and current output the optimize to tries and isthe area swept bythe rotor blades (in m C P

based on the modeling turbine characteristics based onthemodelingturbinecharacteristics λ andthebladepitchangle Online ISSN:2322-0465 2 ), …(ii) β C (in P is www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale energy, whichisconverted into electrical energy viathegenerator, thentransferredtothenetworkviaa at high windspeeds controlled be can power output the that so blades the of attack of angle the modifies and blades rotor between the windturbineandnetwork. flow Another control for the WT istheheight control. Itisapplied to the power reactive the and circuit intermediate the on voltage the controls network the on The generator side converter controls the generator speed formaximum energy consumption. The converter Wind EnergySystem Print ISSN:2321-0745 converters (isolated gatebipolartransistors). The configurationof theSTATCOM circuitis presented. thermistors suchasdoorclosers (GTO) ortodaydoorswitching thermistors(IGCT)orwithIGBT-based of the converter and a shunt transformer. The voltage source converter is generally built with interruption synchronous capacitor in several respects. STATCOM consists ofa VSC withacapacitor on theDCside to asynchronouscapacitor, butsince it isanelectrical device, ithasnoinertia and issuperiortothe STATCOM isanewgeneration of VSC-based reactive power compensators. It has aproperty similar current, voltage,phaseangle). to controloneormoreparameters ofthe AC transmissionsystem (serial impedance, shunt impedance, use ofexisting systems. The FACTS controller is an electronic power supplysystem that allows you of electricity. These controls offer better adaptation to different operating conditions and improve the the wind farm. FACTS are an aspect of the power electronics revolution that has taken place in all areas In thisdocument, a STATCOM isadded to the power gridtoprovide dynamic voltage regulation for (C) ModellingofSTATCOM via anelectronicpowerconverterandatransformerwithautomaticswitcheselectricmeters. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which can be injected into a network Wind turbines record wind force using aerodynamic blades and convert it into rotating mechanical force. transformer andtransmissionlines. Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 [8] -[10] Wind Energy SystemLoad Analysis with Voltage RegulatorControllerbasedSTATCOM Fig. 3: . The rotor of the turbine converts the floating wind energy into mechanical into energy wind floating the converts turbine the of rotor The . MATLAB/SIMULINK modeloftheSTATCOM used 23 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale voltage canbecontrolledasdesired. already mentioned, STATCOMAs canbetreated as asynchronousvoltagesourcebecauseitsoutput in phasewiththeprimaryvoltage. is transmitted through theleakage reactance of thecoupling transformer generating a secondaryvoltage D-STATCOM regulates the voltage of theB3busbyabsorbingorgenerating reactive power. The power voltage canbecontrolled as desired.STATCOMin busvoltagecontrolmode.Inthismodel,the works already mentioned, STATCOMAs canbetreated as asynchronousvoltagesourcebecauseitsoutput Print ISSN:2321-0745 universal bridgesforregulation. the to pulses as fed then is Kit output. for limiter a through given and determined is α angle phase the measured q-current Iq are compared. The control gains Ki_I(t) and Kp_I(t) can be adjusted. At last thereby an updated Iqref isobtained through the current limiter as showninFig.4. Then, this Iqrefand Then, gainadjustmentsonKp_V andKi_V aredoneintheouter loopi.e.,voltageregulatorblockand V then dqformisobtained from abcform. The control will beginif, and harmonics the eliminate to filter order second through passed first is signal The signal. reference The voltage regulation of the controller operates by taking the output voltage of the transformer as a AC (D) AC DC Voltage RegulationController

Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 m ( Anand andRathor t ) iscomparedwith Fig. 4: AC voltagesetpoint(V Current regulatorgainK MATLAB/SIMULINK Model AC DC Voltage RegulationControllerforSTATCOM Current regulator gainK V V V V System Parameter ac dc ac dc regulator gainsK regulator gainsK regulator gainsK regulator gains,K V ref ( t ). ref Table 1: p, p, i )(pu) i p, i, ControlSystemParameters 24 V m ( t ) ≠ Vss Values 0.001, 2500 0.15 0.55 200 0.8 . The measured bus voltage 1 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale well asstatistics,optimization,solutionofpartialdifferential equations,informationanalysis. as disciplines, analysis specific for designed toolboxes of plenty and computations of form large a for speedy andeffortless logical calculations and Input/output. It hasfactually hundreds ofinbuilt functions MATLAB stands for MATrix Laboratory, which is a programming package exclusively designed for (A) SimulationEnvironment RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Print ISSN:2321-0745 (C) Only Wind EnergySystemDriving1000KW Load the gridinordertoenhanceefficiencyandreliabilityofsystem. be beneficial in handling high loads. Also further the wind energy system model has been integrated with the amount of loaditcanhandle independently and how AC DCvoltage regulator controller proves to to observethedifference in thetwomodels.Loadanalysisofsystemhasbeendoneby checking analyzed again was system the from output the of profile controller.voltage regulator The voltage DC work the voltage profile of the wind energy system has been improved using a STATCOM based on AC load without using AC DCvoltage regulator controller based STATCOM via transformer. Furtherinthis balanced load and is compared by varying its condition. In the first model the system is made to drive the a feeding and grid the with integrated energy system wind of modeling by created was model first The (B) ModelDescription ones arecalculatedbyMATLAB functions. are used.Simulationresultsandcomparisonoftheperformanceimplementedmodelwithsomeexisting algorithm performance.Measurementtoolboxesareusedandsomeinbuiltfunctionsforgeneratinggraphs In thisresearchworkMATLAB platformisusedtoshowtheimplementationorsimulationofimplemented Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Fig. 6 : Voltage Output from Wind Energy Systemonlywith1000KW Load Wind Energy SystemLoad Analysis with Voltage RegulatorControllerbasedSTATCOM 25 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 Regulator (D) Wind Energy SystemDriving1000KW Loadwith Voltage Controlled AC DC Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Fig. 9: Anand andRathor Voltage Output from Wind Energy Systemwith Voltage Controlled AC DCRegulator and Fig. 8: Fig. 7: Active PowerOutputfrom Wind Energy Systemonlywith1000KW Load Current Outputfrom Wind Energy Systemonlywith1000KW Load 1000 KW Load 26 Online ISSN:2322-0465

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 (E) OutputswithoptimumLoad Fig. 11 Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Fig. 10: : PowerOutputfrom Wind Energy Systemwith Voltage Controlled AC DCRegulatorand1000 Current Outputfrom Wind Energy Systemwith Voltage Controlled AC DCRegulatorand Fig. 12: Wind Energy SystemLoad Analysis with Voltage RegulatorControllerbasedSTATCOM Voltage with18KW inSystem havingNoSTATCOM 1000 KW Load KW Load 27 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 (F) FinalIntegrationoftheSystemswithGrid drive aloadofupto18KW. controller can drivetheloadofupto50KW ascompared to thesystemwithoutdevice which can the opencircuitvoltagewaveform. The systemwithSTATCOM having AC DCvoltageregulation system attheloadterminal is maintained with their respective loads without experiencing any dipfrom From theabovetwowaveformsof two systemsit is clearly observedthat the voltage output of the Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Anand andRathor Fig. 13: Voltage with50KW inSystemhavingSTATCOM Fig. 14: System IntegratedwithGrid 28 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 are compatible. load has been varied continuously to observethe optimum value of loaduptowhich boththe systems and comparedwiththesystem havingtheSTATCOM with AC DCvoltageregulationcontroller. The been observed. It is made to drive the heavy loads and the drop in the voltage outputs is being observed voltage outputs fromthewindenergy systemwherethespeedofwindvariesbetween 0to25m/shas the of values RMS observed. The were waveforms following outputs the validating while work this In (G) Validation and hencetheoutputcurrentcanvaryaccordingtochanges intheload. final grid voltage which is constant. When we change the load connected to it the power demand changes The outputfromthegridsystemhasmaintained the grid voltage ofabout1100 volts. This voltage is the Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Wind Energy SystemLoad Analysis with Voltage RegulatorControllerbasedSTATCOM Fig. 16: Fig. 15: Current Outputwithsystemconnectedthegrid Voltage Outputwithsystem connectedwiththegrid 29 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 regulation. Later thissystemisintegrated with thegrid. Hence, it can be concluded that the voltage profile is improved with the STATCOM with AC DC voltage controller. The followingconclusionsweredrawn: is beingobservedandcompared with thesystemhavingSTATCOM with AC DCvoltage regulation energy systemhas beenobserved.Itismadetodrivetheheavyloadsanddropinvoltage outputs The speedofwindvariesbetween0to25m/sandwith thisvariation voltage outputs fromthewind wind turbine,gearbox,generator, powerelectronicinterfaceandatransformerforgridconnection. The workhere discusses themain component ofagrid connected wind energy conversion system includes CONCLUSION regulation. Laterthissystemisintegratedwiththegrid. Hence it can be concluded that the voltage profile is improved with the STATCOM with AC DC voltage volts andhenceismaintaining the voltage level to certain extent according to thewingspeedvariation. The system with STATCOM with AC DCvoltage regulation has variation between 150 volts to 400 voltage leveltocertainextent. The systemwithSTATCOM hasvariationbetween150voltsto300andhenceismaintaining the system withoutSTATCOM is morewherethevoltage has beendroppedinbetween50voltsto100volts. While driving heavyloadswith1000KW powerrequirement it wasobservedthat the voltage dip in

Variation inload Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Anand andRathor 1000KW Fig. 17: Table 2: Comparative valuesof Voltage Waveform fromtheSystemDriving1000KW load Without STATCOM 50 to100volts Comparative Table for Voltage OutputswithDifferent Loads Voltage level With STATCOM 150 to300volts 30 Without STATCOM Drop from opencircuit voltage(800to1000 Approx. 700volts volts) Online ISSN:2322-0465 With STATCOM Approx. 500volts www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. REFERENCES Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 ˆ ˆ ˆ 29 Oct.-1Nov. 2017. wind DFIG in strategy power systemswithcurrent source converter” control optimization current bus “DC 2017. Zhang. Jianwen and Li Peiyuan 20 February2018;Published:252018. for Stand-AloneFullConverter Wind Energy ConversionSystems” Andrés Peña Asensio, and Santiago Arnaltes Gómez. 2018. “A Voltage and Frequency Control Strategy transactions onpowersystemsE-ISSN:2224-350X Produced” Power the of Optimization System: Turbine Wind Based Generator Induction Fed Doubly a of Analysis and Control “Modeling 2017. Mahmoudi. Hassane and Azzaoui, El Marouane Energy ConversionSystemsChallengesandSolutions” Julius Mwaniki, and HuiLin 2017. “A Concise Presentation of DoublyFedInduction Generator Wind Energy Systems”, Bharti V.A.Enhancement TechnologiesPower PVon in Wind“Study Inverters 2018. of R. Gupta, and Communication, sub tosupersynchronousmodeofoperation” Sudhasmita Behera, and Madhu Singh 2015. “modeling and control of dfig based wind generator under Sustainable Energy, Connected OffshoreHVDC Wind FarmsBasedonModelPredictive Control”. Guo, Y., Gao,H., Wu,and Shahidehpour, Q.,Zhao,H.J. M.2018.“Enhanced Voltage Controlof VSC- Optimization Approach” Ammar F. Hameed 2017. “Performance Enhancement of a Wind PowerSystem Based on Bee Colony Fault Ride Through” Lihui Yang, and Zhao Xu 2012. “Advanced Control Strategy of DFIG Wind Turbines for Power System 3402. Analysis ofa Variable-Speed Doubly-Fed InductionGeneratorina Wind Turbine”, Yingning Qiu, Wenxiu Zhang, Mengnan Cao, Yanhui Feng and David Infield, 2015. “An Electro-Thermal ˆ ˆ ˆ It was found clearly that the voltage output of the system at the load terminal is maintained with to 50KW ascomparedtothesystemwithoutdevicewhichcandrivealoadofup18KW. The systemwithSTATCOM having AC DCvoltage regulation controller can drivetheloadofup current showsvariationaccordingtoloaddemand. System efficiency is enhanced after its integration with the grid. The voltage level is constant and their respectiveloadswithoutexperiencinganydipfromtheopencircuitvoltagewaveform. 3 Wind Energy SystemLoad Analysis with Voltage RegulatorControllerbasedSTATCOM (7). Smart MovesJournalIJOSCIENCE 9 IEEE Transactions onPowerSystems, (1). inpressco,

7 (6). International Journal ofElectrical, Electronics andData Conference of theIEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 31 Volume 12,2017. , 4 JE (2): 5. Volume 2017, Article ID4015102 2017. 27 (2). EPECS 26 January2018; Accepted: Online ISSN:2322-0465 IEEE Transactions on Energies,

8 (5): 3386- wseas www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale A Review on Success Factors of Agile Software Development ©2020 NewDelhiPublishers. All rightsreserved DOI: 10.30954/2322-0465.1.2020.4 International Journalof Applied ScienceandEngineering, then agilemethodisbesttouse.Nowadaysmanycompanies areshiftingtoagiledevelopment process. approaches. Iftheuser’sis basedonincrementalanditeration requirementsarechangingveryfrequently, assigned tothedevelopment team. Each moduletakes 1-4 weeks to complete. Agile development process changes insoftware.Inthisprocesslarge moduleisdividedintosmallmodulesandtheseare Agile istheability tocreate and respondtochange. Agile development process isusedtomake frequent *Corresponding author: India 2 1 Department of Computer Science andTechnology, Greater Noida Institute of Engineering andTechnology, Uttar Pradesh, Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Department ofComputerScienceandTechnology, RPSGroup ofInstitutions,Mahendragarh, Haryana,India Keywords: in thispaper. and increase the project success rate. There aresomefactorsfortheproject success whicharediscussed approach is usedtopredict the bugs inagile, by whichagile methodology reduces the cost ofmaintenance of historicaldata.Bywhichmostthebugsareresolvedbeforesoftwarecompiles.Machinelearning of software.In Agile development, bug prediction is usedtopredict theerrors,faults,bugsonbasis quality software. It makes easier for the developers to remove the errors and bugs at the time of development Nowadays, Agile softwaredevelopment methodology is adopted by manycompanies to develop good Received: Agile, Bugs,Methodology, successrate 12Jan., 2020 Er. Meenakshi [email protected] Fig. 1: 1* , Abhishek Singh Revised: Agile Development Process ABSTRACT 14Apr., 2020 8(1):33-36,June2020 2 andDhwani Agrawal Accepted: 2 20May, 2020 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale In thiswayallthesprintsworksandtogethermakeagoodqualityproductswithlesscostofmaintenance. itself. The finalphaseisreviewinwhichfeedbacksubmittedregardingthesoftware. phase ofsprintistobuildthesoftware. After that the softwareisbeingtested by thedevelopment team the team decides howtoproceedsthework.Insecondphasesoftwaredesigningisbeingdone. The third which in planning is sprint of phase first The sprint. single a in used are phases five mainly are There projects. Eachsprintworksasasmallprojectwhichcanbedonebythedevelopmentteam. In Agile development process, asingletaskisdividedintosprints. These sprintscanvaryfordifferent Print ISSN:2321-0745 etc. On the bases ofthis empirical study critical success factorsof Agile can be analysed. For a better to agilemethodology, the lasttenyearresearchisanalysedonthebasesofPeople, Process,and Technical example, study realistic development. Agile development introduces thenewprocessofdeveloping software whichmakesagreat change in LITERATURE REVIEW why mostoftheindustriesareshiftingtoagilesoftware development. Agile development providesbetter success rateandless failure rate thanthetraditional SDLC. That’s In theabovetablecomparisonofsuccessandfailurerate agileSDLCand Traditional SDLCisdiscussed. rate ofsoftwarethanthetraditionaldevelopment. the bugsareresolvedattime of development. In thisway, agile development provides goodsuccess the software after every sprint of the project. The cost of maintenance is also less in agile development as testing team available to test the software in traditional SDLC whereasthe development team itself tests methodology. a traditional is than There team entire the for as well as developers the for flexible more builds. It is easier to manage in agile methodology than traditional methodology. Agile development is application development where asagile also supportsall kind ofproductsbysplitting into incremental incrementalapproachtodevelopsoftware. as Traditional anykindofproductorsoftware supports SDLC cycle, quality product is made in an efficient manner where as Agile methodology uses iteration as well for any size of project where agile is used for small size projects. In traditional software development life It provides a step by step procedure to achieve a good quality product. Traditional development is suitable Software development life cycle is defined as a process by which software can be developed systematically. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND AGILE METHODOLOGY Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Meenakshi Project Size Medium Small Large Table 1: et al. [6] proposedthe critical success factors of agile development. As the industries are shifting ComparisonofsuccessandfailureagiletraditionalSDLC There are many studiesabout success factors of agile software development. For Traditional Traditional Traditional Method Agile Agile Agile 34 Success 18% 27% 44% 58% 3% 7% Online ISSN:2322-0465 [8] Failure . 42% 23% 25% 11% 11% 4% www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale factors andorganizational factorsareanalysedonthebasesoftheoreticalstudy. The study be different algorithmsandtoolsareusedtoincreasetheaccuracyofbugsbasedonhistoricaldata. the bugsinagilesoftwaretherearemanytechniquesintroducedlikemachinelanguage. There can and failuremeansthesuccessratewillincrease.Forpredicting project successrate.Lessnumberofbugs should begood.Sothatthechancesofbugarisenwillless.Bugprediction plays animportant role in success rate of softwaredeveloping team should bewell trained andcommunication with wholeteam Print ISSN:2321-0745 1. REFERENCES factors inmindsothatitmayincreasetheprojectsuccess rateanddecreasethefailureofproject. should introducetopredict the bugsanderrors. Development team shoulddevelopsoftwaretokeepthese In Futurework,thereshouldbemorefactorsareanalysed onthebasisofagilework.Moretechniques communication, abilityofdevelopment,etc. maintenance cost ofthesoftware. Projectsuccessratedependsonthevariousfactorslikeplanning,team basis ofhistorical data, errorsandbugsareremovedeasilyatthetimeofdevelopment. This affect the cycle. While developing software in agile, the development team itself tests the software and on the life development software traditional than better performs software. development efficient Agile make to build software. Agile development uses incremental as well as iteration approaches which helps to Agile development is a type of softwaredevelopment life cycle which provides a systematic manner CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK of responses. success rate of agile methodology. Some of the Factors are given below in the table with the percentage According to the Chaos Report Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 research. Ionel, N. 2009. Agile software development methodologies: An overview ofthe current state of [5] proposedatheoretical review on successfactors of agile development, in whichthe people Annals oftheUniversity ofOradea,Economic ScienceSeries, Executive ManagementSupport Clear statementofrequirements Hard-Working, Focusedstaff Clear Vision andObjectives Smaller ProjectMilestones Project SuccessFactor Realistic Expectations Table 2: User Involvement Competent Staff Proper Planning Ownership Others [8] Projectsuccessfactorsof Agile Methodology , therearesomefactorsprovidedwhichhelpsinincreasingtheproject A ReviewonSuccessFactorsof Agile SoftwareDevelopment 35

18 (4): 381-385 % ofResponses [8] . 13.9% 13.0% 13.9% 15.9% Online ISSN:2322-0465 2.4% 2.9% 5.3% 7.2% 7.7% 8.2% 9.6% . www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale 4. 3. 2. Print ISSN:2321-0745 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Meenakshi 693-701. in traditionally waterfall environments. Maureen Tanner, U.V. 2014.Factorsleading to thesuccessandfailure of Agile Projectsimplemented methodologies. between 2015.Comparison M.A. Javanmard, Mahdi and Agile Traditional development software software development.In Aitken, A. andIlango, V. 2013. A comparative analysis of traditional software engineering and agile projects. development software agile of factors success Multi-dimensional 2015. N.M. Rizk, and N.R. Darwish, Scientific Research JournalforEngineering, Technology, andSciences Nguyen, D.S. 2016. Success factors that influence agile software development project success. Development, Development-A review. In Yadav, M.,Goyal, N. and Yadav, J. 2015. Agile Methodology over iterative approach ofSoftware chaos-report.pdf The Standish Group. 1994. Chaos Report. Retrieved from https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/ white-papers/ systems developmentresearch. agile of state current the do’: to more done, ‘Lots 2009. Wang,X. and P.,K. Conboy,Abrahamsson, Cham software development.In Europeanconferenceonprocessimprovement(pp.504-512).Springer, Aldahmash, A., Gravell, A.M. andHoward, Y. 2017. A reviewonthecritical success factorsofagile engineering research andpractice, Misra, S.C.,Kumar, V. andKumar, U.2006.SuccessFactorsof Agile Software Development. . International JournalofComputer Applications, et al. pp. 542-547. Science Journal, 46th HawaiiInternationalConference onSystemSciences, 2nd InternationalConference onComputingforSustainableGlobal 36 1 (3): 1386-1394. : 233-239. Knowledge and LearningJoint International Conference 36

118 (15). , 17 (1): 171-222. Online ISSN:2322-0465 pp. 4751-4760. American Software , pp. www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) – (IIoT) of Things Internet IoTIndustrial Integrated An ©2020 NewDelhiPublishers. All rightsreserved DOI: 10.30954/2322-0465.1.2020.5 International Journalof Applied ScienceandEngineering, Due totheusageofsmartdevices, mobilesphones,laptopshaveexpandedsotoothe internetofthings. availability andknowledge to provideaccurateandeffective real-timeresponses. IIoT technology made it possibletointegrate all this data - sensoroutput,userinput,service provider of Things” Gartner, themarket research company included a newemerging phenomenon on their list: “The Internet internet” intervene of humanorto interaction a technologythat interconnects physical devices along with itsinter-relation of data via internet without In recent years a huge amount of work has been carried out in IoT for real-life application. It is defined as *Corresponding author:[email protected]/ 2 Technology, Chennai,India 1 Services for Industry4.0: A Review Department ofComputerScienceandEngineering,PrathyushaEngineeringCollege,Chennai,India Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Department ofElectronics andCommunicationEngineering,PrinceDr. K.Vasudevan CollegeofEngineeringand Keywords: integrated applicationswhichoutlinesthevarioustrendsand applications ofIndustry4.0. various IoT basedsystemsto IIOT with the insights of concepts, devices and technologies of IoT and IIoT world together with higherlevel of availability and scalability. Inthispaper, wereviewed the transition of build intelligent interconnected systems that uses the various IoT devices and bring the cyber and physical Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) provides the integrated development environment for industries to lactation based smart shipping inreal world industrial environment with integrity and interoperability. automating data sensing,machineandmanufacturing process monitoring,productqualitycheckingand and data,asaglobalinternetworkforbuildingintelligentsystems.Suchsystemsplayvitalrolein Internet of Things (IoT),aninter-connecting technology comprisingdevices,objects,information, people Received: [3] . Butthe actual term “internet of things” was introduced by Kevin Ashton in 1999. In2011, [4] . The IoT supports tobuildsystemsforcommercial sector, and IIoT fortheindustrial sector. IndustrialIIoT, Industry4.0,IoT Integratedservice,Smartfactory 10Jan., 2020 Joyce JacobJ Revised: 1 and Thamba Meshach W ABSTRACT [email protected] 17Apr., 2020 [1-2] . The ideawasoftenknowntobeas“embedded 8(1):37-42,June2020 2 Accepted: 27May, 2020 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale houses, smartfarmingandfactorymanufacturing to userproblems information between theusersandindustrialequipment for servicesupportandeffective solutions different purpose. Insupportofcomputing technologies, IIoT easesthemutual exchange of data or where thedevice settingcanbechangedw.r.t re-configurable or itssensingparameters and itisre-usedforasimilar but (fixed) purpose dedicated a for installed be can devices IIoT, In way. effective an in events underlying the control and monitor understand, to analyzed be can which system productive IIoT devicesareinstalled in industry/machinery environment to sensehugeamountofdatafroma Print ISSN:2321-0745 focused inimplementation viewpoint, anditdescribes thecomponentsstructureandinterconnecting functional andimplementation viewsandprovidesmodels. Technologies andthesystem componentswere ondifferent highlights which InternetConsortium, bytheIndustrial released usage, onbusiness, viewpoints devices and platforms using different technologies. Recently, the “Reference Architecture” document The structureofaIIoT architecture highlights scalability, modularity, and interoperability with various IIoT ARCHITECTURE data volume,communicationandconnectivitymodel. with IoT. Table IgivesacomparisonofIoT andIIoT intheperspectiveoftechnologies sector, model, services. Forthisreason,IIoT canbeconsideredmoreanevolutionratherthanarevolution,incomparison and production predictive efficient more a offering thus machineries, production and plants remote of friendly and flexible end- user application. In contrast, the IIoT focuses on integration and interconnection IoT focusesonthedesign,connectandcommunication standards intotheInternetecosystemthrougha Industrial internet of things connects machines with human-interfacing unit for error-free system the complexphysical machinery which areconnected with industrial sensors anditsrelevant software. IoT connectsthephysicalthingsordevicesthroughwiredandwirelessnetworkwhereas,IIoT dealswith IoT -IIoT capabilities andefficientenergy resources,security, reliability, and costmoredesiredfeatures the need of connecting internet with a very large number of devices at low cost, with limited hardware IIoT applicationsrequirerelativelysmallthroughputpernodewithout theconcernoncapacity. Instead,

Human and Things integrated Technologyand Things Human connectivity Supports InfrastructureLessMobile Machine toHumancommunication. Volume of dataisMedium Human centredmodel DownloadedIoT forCommercialSector IOT From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 JacobandMeshach Table 1: [5] . Different . kindsofsmartapplications are supportedbyIIoT suchassmartcity, smart ComparisononInternetof Things (IoT)andIndustrialIoT (IIOT) Ad-hoc Volume ofdataisveryHigh Machine centredModel IIoT forIndustrialSector IIOT and Operational Technologyand Machine-to-Machine IntegratedDigital Manufacturing is required. Structured Infrastructurebasedcentralisedconnectivity Machine toMachine(M2M)communication. 38 [6]– [8] . Online ISSN:2322-0465 [9] . [10] [11] .

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale mission criticalinformationandresponses,reliesonmachine-to-machinecommunications. topology andtheprotocol stack ofthearchitecture. IIoT mainly focuses onthetransferandcontrol of Print ISSN:2321-0745 part of the middleware architecture – a cloud computing environment. Since the data would behuge, unstructured data, a sophisticated gateway is required, called to be IIoT Gateway. This gateway can be and machinetotheapplication end. and receive These channelsinterface with heterogeneoussensors The channelsdeploydifferent Network Protoclsand API’s for connectivity between machine to machine on aproduction pipeline, there the channel supported throughinternet, known tobePublicIIoT channel. built byconnecting and monitoringthesmartphysicalthingsatdifferent locationsofvarious industries industry closedmonitoring system, knowntobeprivate IIoT channel. The smartenvironment can be application end. The channel can beanIntranet if thesmartenvironment has tobemonitored within an Network Channelsact as amedium to connect and fordata transfer between Physical Layer to the (B) Network:Internet/Intranet–IIoTGateways event processing,etc..)arealsousedtoprovidedatathe application user endfromthePhysicalthings. (data transformation,complex ensure durabilityduringthesystemornetworkfailure.Local Processors humidity, chemical reaction, gas, andsoon. Transient DataStores,whichstoresthedatatemporarily to Sensors for monitoring environment, reading temperature, gauging pressure, proximity, location, smoke, Smart Machines ICS placed in the real-world environment. These devices enable the machines in industry environment as In the physical layer, some industry-specific devices like Sensors, Interpreters, Translators interfaces with (A) Physical Things :Sensors& Actuators –SmartMachines using or advanced machinelearning. set data historical a using trained are models analytical The needs specific industry meet to Data Model. The data models provide a structure to the data while the analytical models are structured and Application layer. There are two types of layer models in IIoT solutions (i) Analytical Model and (ii) The above figure shows the abstract level of IIoT Architecture design with three layers - Physical, Network Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 [12] . Several heterogenous physical things are deployed in the real-world environment like . Severalheterogenousphysicalthingsaredeployedinthereal-worldenvironmentlike Industrial Internetof Things (IIoT)– An IoT IntegratedServicesforIndustry4.0: A Review Fig. 1: Three Layer Architecture Three 39 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Some ofthe popular IoT basedcloud environments like Thingworx different application domainsarestored,processedandanalysedincloudcomputingenvironments. AIIoTsupport Real-world to the environment from information largecontext of of collection amounts (C) Application :Service&storage–Information data overtheInternettoserviceend. unstructured and with high velocity of retrieval, the IIoT can Print ISSN:2321-0745 devices andcommunication technology forsmart of dataisgeneratedbythe integration of sensor where different types andformsofmassiveamount Industry 4.0,builds asmartproductive environment, Fig. 2,showstheintegrated IIoT applications for the objectiveofIndustry4.0. to build a smart industry ecosystem, for achieving the IoT enabledservicesintheindustryenvironment chain process andbusinessmodelsbyintegrating makes adisruptivechangeinthetraditional supply the major features ofindustry4.0 and ease ofHuman-Machine interaction (HMI) are communication forremoteactionandeffective industry environmentadaption,IntelligentData Digital optimization of production, Automation with 4.0 for an objective to attain a high level of productivity with effective operational and maintenance track. revolution -Industry The integrationofIoT technologywithindustrial automationresults infourthindustry INDUSTRY 4.0–II in IIoT applicationsalso. role significance a plays also interactions gesture-based with Wearablesupport. devices Infrastructure on Smart Enterprises – Transportation and Logistics, Energy andpowerproduction, Safety &Smart support the location-awareness service, i.e., service support based on the geo-graphic location specifically point of the product development cycle in the industry environment, Mobile-based applications are also Applications which allows users to interact and take or perform actuation tasks from any location at any and distribution throughappstore. The mostuser-end servicesupportisextendedthroughtheMobile cloud based IoT that evident also platforms areallowedtobuildtheirownecosystemswiththirdpartyextensionsupportfordevelopment is It logistics. and freight for services and conditions, traffic on and frost points from sensors deployed in roads and provides traffic management, real-time information parameters such astemperature gradients withintheroad,currentoutdoor temperatures, moisture, dew stock tracking service in vendingmachines, HiKoB AWS IoT Platform,etc.. supports forIIoT application development. Cantaloupesys Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 JacobandMeshach o T INTEGRATED APPLICATIONS [21] . Industry4.0

40 [16] Fig. 2: collects real-time measurements for the analysis filter the captured data and send the structured Factory Smart Industry 4.0– IIoT integrated Applications Product Smart

[13] Transportation , Xively , Industry Smart IIoT 4.0

[14] Online ISSN:2322-0465 ,

[15] CISCO supports remote Services Building Smart Smart IoT cloud,

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Broadband networks and Sensor networksto build a smart living environment that ensures the quality of combines theInternet, Telecommunication networks,Shortdistancenetworks(likeBluetooth,NFCetc..), applications by sensingthe roadway parameters like temperature, mist, humidity etc.. Smart Building for transportation bytracking the location and predicting the delivery-time with automated routing describing an agile factory prototype vision basedsystem. Agile softwareengineering technique is transferredtothemanufacturing domain actuators, microchipswith sensors, andautomatic recognition &detection in support withthecomputer- manufacturingareequippingmachines Smart andproductdevelopmentinmanufacturingsectors. services Print ISSN:2321-0745 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. REFERENCES can beaddressedinintegrationwithcomputer-vision and AR/VR basedindustrialsystems. out relatedtoIIoTand potential cybersecurityissuesfuturedirectionsofthreatsandattacksthat systems which plays a vital role in the industry 4.0applications. Further research workneeds to be carried and challenges. We have also discussedonthe Smart Factory, Smart transportation and Smart Building on IoT andIIoT andathree-layer IIoT architecture which describesthedetailed functional operations Things (IIoT)forthefourthindustryrevolution–Industry4.0. This reviewprovidesacomparisonstudy This paperpresentedanoverviewoftheintegration of Internet Things (IoT)andIndustrialInternetof CONCLUSION electronic devices. and prediction systems andeffective energy consumptionwithatmospheresensedadaptive electric or day-to-day life, connected with technology, safety&securityoflivingplacewithrecognition, detection Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Transactions onIndustrial Informatics B.M. Lee and H. Yang, “Massive mimo for industrial internet of thingsin cyber-physical systems,” internet ofthingswithedgecomputing,” X. Li, D. Li, J. Wan, C. Liu, and M. Imran, “Adaptive transmission optimization in industrial internetofthings,” the L.T.for and communication Yang,“Trust-based Shu 2018. V.C.Rodrigues, L. Leung, J.J. Zhu, C. Networking Conference(CCNC),pp.349-352, Year, 2017. interaction historyandstereotypicalreputation”,14 H. Son,N.Kang, B. Gwak and D. Lee, 2017. “An adaptive IoT trust estimation scheme combining on Replications Multiprocessor EmbeddedSystems”. with TasksReal-Time “Partitioning 2016. Gercek, G. and Cheng A.M.K. Lin, J.D. on IndustrialInformatics Li Da XU , Wu He, Shancang L.I., 2014. “Internet of things in industries: a survey”, IEEE InternetofThingsJournal A. Zanella, N. Bui, A. Castellani, L. Vangelista and M. Zorzi, 2014. “Internet of Things for Smart Cities”, Industrial Internetof Things (IIoT)– An IoT IntegratedServicesforIndustry4.0: A Review , 10 (4). IEEE CommunicationsMagazine , [18] 1 (1). . The developed smart product requires a smart logistics support IEEE EmbeddedSystemsLetters, , 2017. IEEE InternetofThingsJournal, 41 th IEEE Annual ConsumerCommunications& , 56 (2): 16–22.

8 (4). 2018. Online ISSN:2322-0465 SDN IEEE Transactions -based industrial IEEE [17]

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale 10. 9. 8. Print ISSN:2321-0745 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 JacobandMeshach Interface Design”, of Principles Interface:Design 2009.“Human-Machine C. Gong, Visual InformationinHuman-Machine on IndustrialInformatics,2011, pp.410–415. actuator networkstargeting industrial automation,” inProceedingsofthe 9 J. Akerberg,Bjorkman, 2011.Gidlund, andM. M. “Futureresearchchallengesinwirelesssensorand estimation forindustrialIoT systems,” L. Lyu, C. Chen, Z. Shanying, and X. Guan, “5g enabled co-design of energy-efficient transmission and Applications (CPSNA),IEEE,2015,pp.43-47. process, C. Scheuermann, S. Verclas, B. Bruegge, Agile factory – an example of anIndustry4.0manufacturing V Roblek, MMesko, A Krapez“ 2013-08-13]. HiKoB, “ Cantaloupe Systems, “ LogMeIn Inc.,“Xively,” 2013,https://xively.com/ [accessedon:201308-22]. thingworx.com/ [accessedon:2013-0822]. Thing Worx, “Thingworx: Smart systems innovator,” 2, Year2003. Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. Digest of Technical Papers, Volume: high Yao,“MEMSJ.J. resolution and 4-20 mA Morris W.current sensors Garrett, for industrial K. I/O Anderson, applications”,TRANSDUCERS R. ‘03, 12 Stupar,P. Borwick, R. DeNatale, J. “Industrial internetreferencearchitecture,”http://www.iiconsortium.org/IIRA.htm. Year: 2009, Vol. 2. In: Project Grizzly 2015IEEE 3 International Conference on Intelligent Human -Machine Systems andCybernetics Seed Platform ,” 2013, http://www.hikob.com/tra 2013, ,” rd International Conference onCyber-Physical Systems, Networks and A complexviewofindustry4.0” ,” 2012, http://www.cantaloupesys. com/ [accessed on:2013-08-22]. IEEE Transactions onIndustrial Informatics 42 Harbor Research, Tech. Rep., cexploitation-routiere-its [accessed on: [accessed ficexploitation-routiere-its , SAGEOpen th IEEE International Conference IEEE International Conference 6 Online ISSN:2322-0465 (2) (2016). , 2018. 2013, http://www. th International International

www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale CNN-SICE Learner Based Image Contrast Enhancement ©2020 NewDelhiPublishers. All rightsreserved DOI: 10.30954/2322-0465.1.2020.6 International Journalof Applied ScienceandEngineering, images in lesser time with lesser computational cost by reducing (i) the effect of haze or fog, (ii) poor or images. Inrealtimeapplications an enhancement technique should becapable of enhancingrealcolor techniques thataregoodinenhancing thecontrastofanimage, whilesomearegoodforde-noising the the image through various enhancement techniques. Researchers have developed numerous enhancement So, thesedegradedqualityimages areimprovedbyincreasingthebrightnessandcontrast, byde-noising condition suchasfogorhaze,wronglensaperturesetting ofthecamera,noiseetc. affected oftheimagegets enhanced image.Quality byunevenorpoorillumination,externalatmospheric the get to image modified the to applied is transform Fourier inverse and image transformed Fourier the on done is modification method, domain frequency In image. an improve to directly modified are such asspatialtechniquesandfrequencydomains.In domaintechniques,thepixelsthemselves in specific applications. In general, image enhancement techniques are divided into two broad categories, image than the original image so that the output image is more suitable for analysis by human or machine is a preprocessing technique in many image processing applications that can produce an improved quality medical imaging, video surveillance, industrial X ray imaging, oceanography etc. Image processing is an essential and promising research area in various real time application fields such as Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofCSE,SagarInstituteResearch &Technology (SIRT),Bhopal,India Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Keywords enhancement. using machinelearningapproach arestudiedandBlockbasedCNNLearnerisdesignedforcontrast research work have been done forimage enhancement. In this paper, different techniques and algorithms important step toimprove the quality of recorded images and make the image details more visible. Many lighting conditions and the limited dynamic range of imaging device. Contrast enhancement is thus an photography. The acquired images, however, are often under-exposed or over-exposed because of poor Producing the natural scene with good contrast, vivid color and rich details is an essential goal of digital Received: : Imageenhancement, Image quality, Machinelearningapproaches,Digitalimageprocessing. 15Jan., 2020 Revised: ABSTRACT Pooja Patel 12Apr., 2020 8(1):43-48,June2020 Accepted: [1] . Imageenhancement 20May, 2020 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale in luminance reflected from two adjacent surfaces. In other words, contrast is the difference in visual in difference the is contrast words, other In surfaces. adjacent two from reflected luminance in is an important factor in any subjective evaluation of image quality. Contrast is created by the difference Image enhancement techniques have been widely used in many applications of image processing. Contrast less processingtime,(iii)Itshouldutilizecomputationalresources. in image a enhance Should (ii) application, specific a for images of type any enhance to able be should Requirements of real time image enhancement techniques focus onvariouscolorimage enhancement techniques that improves the contrast of real time images. uneven illumination effect onanimageand(iii)noiseintroduced inanimage. This research reviewwork Print ISSN:2321-0745 Where, Histogram ofamonochromeimagewithL possiblegraylevels, range Contrastofanimagecanberevealedbyitshistogram. Contrast enhancement: medium values). Low contrast: problem is to optimize the contrast of an image in order to represent all the information in the input image. dark. The information may belostinthoseareaswhich areexcessivelyanduniformly concentrated. The other objects. If the contrast of an image is highly concentrated on a specific range, e.g. an image is very In visual perception, contrastis determined by the difference inthecolorandbrightness of the object with properties thatmakesanobjectdistinguishablefromotherobjectsandthebackground.

= f Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 =0,1,…, n Patel P l =Numberofpixelswithgraylevell. (l) = n l /n L Image values concentrated near a narrowrange(mostly dark, ormostly bright, or mostly -1. Change the image value change the image value distribution to cover a wide Fig. 1: Fig. 2: Contrast EnhancementofImage n = Total numberofpixelsintheimage Histogram ofan Image 44 [2] are;(i)Itshouldbeadaptive in nature(i.e.) Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 RGB to HSV transforming By reformation. for used is band sub directional lower The decomposition. is transformed to HSV (hue, saturation, and value) color space. Hue color channel is selected for DST In nonlinear enhancementtechniques. other than obtained is performance ratio) (signal-to-noise PSNR and achieved, is quality better a and are anappropriatecombination of variousimages. This processenhancesthequalityof blurredimage are usedalongwiththeproposedNIEmethod. This processusesclipping and scalingparameters which In multiple regionsinordertoanalyzethem.Itisalsoused todistinguishdif segmentation is consideredasone of themainstepsinimage processing. Itdividesadigital image into In decrease thefleckedatbackgroundregion,image edges. adaptive enhancement function is selected. The proposed method can efficiently magnify the images and method of contourlet transform. WBCT andcycle translation are merged. At last, to magnify the images, translation. In this, wavelet transform is usedfordecreasing the redundancy occurring in the original In to theoriginalgray-scaleimageobtaindesiredsharpenedimage. appended is finally, image and Laplacian mask, Laplacian to proceeds it then and applied is stretching concurrently adjusts contrastandenhancesboundariesofanimage. On thegray-scaleimage contrast In transform technique,multi-scaleandsingle-scaleretineximprovementetc. wavelet enhancement, fuzzy generalized algorithm, genetic technique, enhancement image nonlinear The techniques identified in the paper to enhance an image are contrast stretching and image sharpening, easier foridentifying features. This canbedonebyremoving noise,sharpening,orbrightening an image. Image enhancement is a process by which we can improve the quality of the digital image which makes it Related Work Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 [7] [8] [6] [4] [5] , Wang , Premkumar Gupta , Negi , Wu et al., et al., et al., et al., proposedimageenhancementusingwavelet-basedcontourlettransformwithcycle discussed NIE (Nonlinear Image Enhancement). Simulation and identification processes discussedcontraststretching and image sharpening techniques. It isanapproachthat discussedimageenhancement andsegmentation techniques. The paperconcludedthat et al., discussed the color image contrast enhancement technique. Firstly,technique. enhancement contrast image color the discussed image RGB Fig. 3: Examples ofHistograms CNN-SICE LearnerBasedImageContrastEnhancement 45 ferent objectsintheimage. Online ISSN:2322-0465 [3] . www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale combined toproduceanoptimizedcontrastimagethatpreservesbrightness. then and balanced independently then are parts two The parts. both to applied is particle (PSO) using optimization formulated conditions weighing optimized of series a Thus, threshold. Otsu the using parts two into divided first is histogram image the technique, proposed this In equalization. histogram In approach, thesatisfactoryresultisattained. color space, the enhanced image is acquired. From proposedDST-based contrast image enhancement Print ISSN:2321-0745 dissimilarity (DSSIM)loss. The DSSIMlossfunctioncanbeformulatedas: image Iref(x,y).Further,H(I,W). the worktrainadeepCNN The networkistrained withStructural learn a mapping function between the low contrast input image I(x, y)and its corresponding reference With the constructed dataset, the proposed work will designed a block based CNN-SICE enhancer to an inputimagetoadesiredimage. In pictures. HDR to Recently,ways the enhancedpicturessincetheyignoreimagestructural information. manner. However, sucheasyredistribution operations couldturnoutseriousunrealistic effects within pictures. Those ways plan to distribute the bright intensity on bar chart in a very international or native past decades. Histogram-based ways the within projected are ways SICE based Retinex and histogram several scene. range dynamic single low-contrastimage. It providesthewaytoboostlowcontrastpicturescapturedfromahigh Single image contrast enhancement (SICE) aimstoenhance the visibility of thesceneina very given METHODOLOGY Weaknesses ofexistingimageenhancementtechniques Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 [9] Patel ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ , Shanmugavadivu ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ extra informationfromappropriatelycollectedtrainingdata. in asingleimage. Ontheotherhand,SICEtaskcanbebetteraccomplished if wecanlearn Those methods, however, oftenfail in revealing image details because of the limited information correct thecontrastofaninputimage. Most ofprevioussingleimage contrast enhancement (SICE) methods adjust the tone curveto recorded imagesareoftenunder/over-exposed andwithlowcontrast. Due tothepoorlightingcondition and limited dynamic rangeofdigital imaging devices, the new enhancementtechniques. Very fewtechniques arepractically used forimage enhancement which leaves a large scopefor Algorithms arequitecomplextounderstandandimplement. of memorytostoretheintermediatedata. Existing image enhancement algorithms are very computation intensive and require a large amount [10] are projected to train a CNN network to map the low dynamic range (LDR) pictures (LDR) range dynamic low the map to network CNN a train to projected are [10] , aCNNistrained to linetheparameters of SICE,thatarethenusedtoenhance et al., discussedacontrastenhancement technique using thebasicconcept of [4],[5] arewideusedduetotheirsimplicity in enhancing low contrast 46 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 2. 1. REFERENCES is reduced. This workwillalsobeenhancedonvideos. parallelly, block processing On work. existing complexity to time better outperforms significantly may generating high qualityenhancementresultforasingleover-exposed orunderexposedinputimage and image enhancement algorithm. The proposed CNN-based SICE enhancer, which is capable ofadaptively any designing or choosing while mind in kept be accuracy, must exposure factors etc. These flare, lens image quality. Someofthem are noise,sharpness,distortion, contrast, color accuracy, dynamic range, improves the contrast and brightness of the images. As analyzed, there are various factors which techniques equalization can histogram multi affect techniques equalization histogram all images. Among of type Enhancement of Images is done by many approaches and choice of every approach depends onthe Image enhancement is anessentialpreprocessingstepinmanyrealtimeimageprocessingapplications. CONCLUSION Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Techniques, publishedin Prediction Fault Software on Analysis Critical AO.P.2015. Sangwan, and R.K. P.K.,Panda, Singh, Conference, IACC-2013at AKGEC Ghaziabad,IEEEXplore,pp.1455–1461. Techniques and Tools for Aspect-J Programs,publishedin3rdIEEEInternational Advance Computing Singh, P.K., Sangwan, O.P. and Sharma, A. 2013. A Systematic Review on Fault Based Mutation Testing SI W DSSIM World Applied SciencesJournal, ( Fig. 4: ) −− =− 1 n Proposed Methodology ∑ n i ( 1 CNN-SICE LearnerBasedImageContrastEnhancement 47 smIHIW I H I ssim ( ref ( ii ) 33 (3): 371–379. ( ( ) /2 , ) ) ) Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale 5. 4. 3. Print ISSN:2321-0745 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Patel with cycletranslation, published inOptik. 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125 (15): www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Human Resource Management Practices Affecting Practices Management Resource Human ©2020 NewDelhiPublishers. All rightsreserved DOI: 10.30954/2322-0465.1.2020.7 International Journalof Applied ScienceandEngineering, working strict cost, labor efficiency, low emphasizes hand, one the on type, control The commitment. performance. [5]humanresource managementpracticesweredividedintotwo types:controland employee’s attitude, improve personal performance,andeventually enhance thecompany’s overall corporate performance. He proposed that human resource management practices at the firm level affect and practices management resource human firm-level between links the pinpointed furthermore, [26], practice is effective in improving organizational performance [5], [19], [20], [27], [42], [43], [63], [64], studies of strategic human resource management, we found that the firm-level human resource management empirical past the From organization’sperformance. an affect practices management resource Human *Corresponding author:[email protected] Azteca University, Mexico,North America Transformational LeadershipintheMiddleEast Commitment: Managers Organizational HR Aon Study Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 organizational commitment,moderatingeffect Keywords: moderating effect totheinfluenceofcommunication onemployeeorganizational commitment. management, salary and remuneration performance on employee organizational commitment, of and significant negative influence the to effect moderating positive significant has leadership transformational other hand, yielded no significant effect on employee organizational commitment. However, HR Manager’s positive effects on employee organizational commitment. A HR Manager transformational leadership, on the and training, salary and remuneration, benefits, career development, and communication, have significant indicate that, asidefromperformance management, the remainder of thevariables,including education total of 3,185 samples were surveyed of the top six out of 11 financial control groups in Middle East. Results relationship between human resources management practice and employee organizational commitment. A the on leadership transformational Managers HR of effect moderating the explore to aims research This Received: Human resource management practices, HR Managers transformational leadership, transformational Managers HR practices, management resource Human 16Jan., 2020 Nesiya Mattummathodi andShanavasMoosafintavida* Revised: ABSTRACT 19Apr., 2020 8(1):49-67,June2020 Accepted: 23May, 2020 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale The HR Manager’s leadership stands as a part of this management practice. When a HR Manager has Manager HR a When practice. management this of part a as stands leadership Manager’s HR The commitment totheorganization. employees’the affects practice management company’sAcommitment. organizational worker the on [9]. Therefore, thisresearchaimstofurtherexploretheeffect ofhumanresourcemanagement practices system, employees are willing to trust the organization and thus, have high organizational commitment employee behaviors and attitudes through linking personal goals with the organizational goals. Under such commitment sort of human resource management practices, on the opposite hand, reinforces modifying rules, and result-oriented rewards, meaning regulating employee behaviors with rules and policies. The Print ISSN:2321-0745 training. Their various attitudes or behaviors are consequently constructed. Many discussionsregarding same the towards cognition different have may employees organization, same the within even Thus, be suitabletotheworkersconsistent withtheemployees’ positionsandworkstyles. education and training systems, anumberofthesesystemsbeingconsidered more advanced could also firm-level of aspect the within example, For goals. or work their in practices the of benefits the feel to [23], [24]otherwise,changeintheemployees’ attitudes is notlikely to occuriftheemployees are unable organizationan in practice the individuals’influences employee’s through attitude [30], [16], cognition on the overall human resource management practices [14]. From this, we can see that implementation of Furthermore, firm-level human resource management practice effectively upgrades employee cognition management practices or HR Manager’s leadership styles should be built upon the employees’ cognitions. rather than facts themselves [54], therefore, the precise understanding of the effects facts of human resource of sensing their of basis the on reflected are attitudes employee of changes However, methods. the firm level, group level, and individual level; therefore, they ought to be studied with cross-level analysis Manager’s HR transformational leadership practice, style, and management employee organizationalresource commitment, human are of research, three different this levels: in explored variables three The employees) onorganizational commitment. style, he will be able to strengthen the effect of the human resource management practice (perceived by leadership transformational strong a has manager HR a if Therefore, commitment. organizational of organizational on based organization’sthe to closer be would practice done the strategies, goals. development the to contributes This is practice management resource human the since employees, the for Simultaneously,[8]. employees the to strategies and organization’sgoals the conveys style leadership transformational strong performance. organizationalwith Athe manager affect HR also can strategies, human resource management practices. Other factors, like employee comprehension of the organization’s at different stages ofcareer development have various cognitions and attitudes towards thedifferent employees that found [18] level, organizationalindividual performance. differenteffectson the at And organizational climate [31], [38], [47], and organizational strategies [13], [19] [36], [40], [47], [65] have an yields practice equivalent management effect on resource all organizations. human Empirical studies firm-level found that differentthat organizational true cultures [13], necessarily not is it However, commitment [28],[31],[35],[38],[39]. also found that transformational leadership style has significant positive effect on employee organizational high commitment to the organization.have This inclination stands as and the reason why many empirical studies have operations, organization’s the within entangled get organization, the identify with workers themselves the making of and employees the to goals and vision organization’s the conveying of capable is and organization the for competitiveness team improves he leadership, transformational Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Mattummathodi and Moosafintavida . 50 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale The “universalistic approach” is an orientation ofthe “best practice”, considering that goodorcommitment during thisresearcharegoingtobemeasuredattheindividuallevel. level. This probability stands becausethereasonwhyduringthisresearchallthreevariablesexplored measure the HR manager’s leadership style will be more obvious and direct than measuring it at the group respond differently according to theirpersonalconsiderations. Therefore, using employees’ cognition to [48] [50]. Even when the HR manager treats different employees with the same behavior, the employees cognition torepresenttheoverallhumanresourcemanagementpractices[11], [30],[18],[24],[25],[40], the effect ofhumanresourcemanagement practices on employees’ attitude also useindividual-level Print ISSN:2321-0745 to theobligationsorganization as recognizedbytheworkers. refers commitment job. normative another And find could they whether of remember and organization the leaving when sacrifices the estimate to need organization:they the leaving in involved value the of cognition employees’ the signifies commitment Continuance organization. the to link emotional and involvement, identification, to commitment. refers normative commitment Affectiveand commitment, Employee organizational commitment consists of three dimensions: affective commitment, continuance complex and diversified subject, but it is now considered as a multidimensional work attitude [2], [39]. being members in it [46]. The concept of employees’ organizational commitment in the past studies is a values, wish to optimistically represent the organization, and eventually have intense desire to continue [12]. With a high level of commitment, they will have a robust belief within the organization’s goals and Employees’ organizational commitment reveals the psychological link between them and their organization Human resource managementpracticesand employees’ organizational commitment LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESESDEVELOPMENT 3. 2. 1. Objectives ofStudy factors (externalfit). contingent the with fitted are practices those the when organization’sperformance that the maximize considers workers approach” “contingent And fit”. “internal be must practices the organizational all high performance, realize to and, system a as management resource human considers approach” sort of human resource management helps to realize high organizational performance. “Configurational Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 employees’ organizational commitment. has moderating effects ontheinteraction between humanresourcemanagement practices and the The third objective of this research is to verify whether HR Managers’ transformational leadership HR the on cognitions Manager’semployees’ transformationalleadershipreinforceorganizational commitment. whether verify to is research this of objective second The effect onorganizational commitment. universalistic approach. From the the test, we from will also commitment verify which organizational practice employees’has affectthe foremost practice significant management resource human employees’ whether explore to is research individual this the of of objective cognitions first The Human ResourceManagementPractices Affecting Organizational Commitment 51 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale reliable forpredictionofperformance[36],[37]. with performance [28]. According to these studies, we can see that affective commitment is the most or negative relationship with performance [3], [45],[56],and normative commitment has norelationship more notablerelationshipwithperformance[3],[28],[45],[58],[64],continuance commitment has no [15]. Some past researches using multidimensional approaches found that affective commitment has weak rather is performance and commitment organizational between relationship the However, [42]. [27], [26], [10], performance organization’s the affects consequently and [64], [34], [44], [39], [40], Organizational commitment is an important employee attitude. It affects personal job performance [33], Print ISSN:2321-0745 commitment [26], [40],[39].Otherwise, iftheemployees’ opinionsarealways unaccepted or ignored for organizational or facilitate employees’motives the and affects directly employees promotion internal Especially,the growth. their develop to willing is organization the if organization the of inside Employees identify themselves with the organization if they can see that their future career development satisfaction andthereforehigher employeecommitment[29],[30]. model helpstheworkerstoregulateprogressoftheir work,sotheemployeeshavehigherjob planning of the benefit system allows the workers to settle on freely, such participatorythe decision-making If commitment. organizational their improving organization, the by face to willing are employees enhanced, is investment the when So, [61]. employees the in organization’sinvestment the represents system benefit organization [39]. An [40], [26]; commitment organizational higher have and goals the with agree they that order in goals, organizational the realize to exerting they if rewarded be to going Meanwhile, when the organization features a personalized reward system, its employees know that they’re Employees identify themselves with the organization and thus have higher organizational commitment. organization seesthemnotbecausethetoolsforproductionbutpartnerstogetoldertogether. their that perceive workers the Therefore, employees. in invest to willing is organization the that think the employees’enhance skillsandabilities [26]. The moreeducation and training employees receive, the morethey to help training and Education commitment. organizational high having consequently and hard figure to willing organization, the within trust need they fair, as assessment performance the management, employees areclearabouttheirgoals,theresults,orfeedbacks. When employeesregard performance good has corporation a When [26]. flexibility) quantity, commitment, (organizational Human resourcemanagementpracticealsoaffects theresultsofhumanresourcemanagement cognitions beforeitformspositiveornegativeattitudesofbehaviors. And theeffect ofeveryhumanresourcemanagement practice must undergo themethodofemployees’ Thus, it is necessarytodebate the effect of every individual human resource management practice. pointing out that the conventional utility analysis still has its practical values if it is properly adjusted. individual human resourcemanagement practice should notbeabandoned. [57]alsosupports[34]by nowadays, nomatter the moreconventional model ofutility analysis. However, [34]theestimate of is seen as a system; therefore, the effect of the entire system on organizational commitment is discussed In the modern studies on strategic human resource management, human resource management practice [23], [40],[39],[64]. [16], policies these towards employees’ cognition by influenced also are satisfaction and commitment policies include internal promotion, formaltrainingsystem,andresult oriented assessment. Employees’ are affected bythebundledpoliciesinhumanresourcemanagement practices [4], [19],[51],[64]. These satisfaction and commitment organizational employees’ that indicate studies empirical past The Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Mattummathodi and Moosafintavida . 52 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale performance management system has significant effect on employees’ organizational commitment [22]. the management, performance of area the In commitment. employees’organizational with correlation Many past empirical studies have found that individual human resource management practice has direct employees’ organizational commitment. Implementation of theindividual humanresourcemanagement practice features acertain effect onthe organizationalcommitment. brings communication organization.good the Therefore, from themselves the of implementation of company terms system, the in employees would employees think that the their organization with doesn’t communicated value them. never They will has alienate organization the or Print ISSN:2321-0745 followers thus feel the sense ofachievement in a serial ofchallenges. Leaders of the intellectual stimulation for the followers appropriately to achieve the goals and provide meaning to their hardworking. The inspirational the of motivation stylesetoutavision toattractandinspirepeople. An inspiringleadersetsthehighest standards Leaders emotionally. followers attract and stance firm and trust exhibit leaders Leaders of the charisma or idealized influence style demonstrate the followers’ admiration. Charismatic motivation, intellectualstimulation,andindividualized consideration [33],[34],[35]. transformational leadership is divided into four dimensions: charisma or idealized influence, inspirational Some amendments tothis conceptoftransformationalleadershipwasmade[7].Generally, theconceptof accept theleader’s creditability. to able be organization’s must the follower convey the and while define vision, to able be must leaders is a process. Leaders inspire their followers with a high ideology and moral values. Transformational The first to propose the concept of transformational leadership, believing that transformational leadership resource managementpractice andtheHRManager’s transformationalleadership Employees’ organizational commitmentandtheinteractionbetweenhuman organizational commitment H1: commitment. Basedontheabovestudies,thisresearchproposedfollowinghypothesis: of satisfaction with communication relationship has strong correlation with the employees’ organizational has significant connection with employees’ organizational commitment [21], [53], [41] found that the level employees’ communication the with satisfaction the communication, of aspect the In organizational[50]. commitment of effect direct the present positively and significantly may development career The the employees’ organizational commitment[48]. reveal organizationalsignificantly commitment [49]. The internal labor market has significant and positive effect on could promotion in fairness the development, career of aspect the In [60]. commitment benefits system, the satisfaction of the benefit system contributes to the prediction of employees’ of organizational area the In [49]. commitment organizational employees’ predict significantly bonuses performance effect the direct organizational and and on [50], positive commitment significantly a have cognitive of benefits bonuses the bonus, and salary of organizationalarea promote the related) In (job the commitment. training therefore and motives, training, the on support social of training, accessibility cognitive the that found He [7]. commitment organizational employees’ and training towards commitment [50]. Inthe aspect of education and training, the relationship between employees’ attitude employees’ organizational on effect direct and positive significantly has assessment performance The Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Organizations that have better human resource management practices have higher employee higher have practices management resource human better have that Organizations Human ResourceManagementPractices Affecting Organizational Commitment 53 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale a positiverelationwiththeemployees’ organizational commitment. Empirical studies [28], [31], [35], [40], [39], indeed confirmed that transformational leadership style has will in turn result in input. And these results are manifestations of employees’ organizational commitment. employees reach the identification with the organizational vision and then the organization itself, which Because a transformational leader must convey the organization’s vision to the followers, he/she makes the follower’s personalneedlikeamentororcoach. encourage followers. A leader of the individualized consideration style listens to and takes care of each style challenge assumptions, takerisks,andinspirethefollowers.Suchleadersstimulate creativity and Print ISSN:2321-0745 make consideration for their individual needs. They will consequently develop an emotional attachment to willing is organization the that think they because organization the in stay to willing are employees system, benefit flexible and comprehensive a has on organization an system When reward commitment. the organizational of effect the enhance will style leadership transformational Manager’s HR A identification withtheorganization willbestrengthened. employees’ ideology, an through employees the influence can Manager HR a If goals. organizational performance pay system,theemployees know that they willberewardedifworkhardtomeet the and training organizational commitment. If an organization has an advanced reward system, such as the expects that transformational leadership style canenhance the positive relationship between education and in turn they will have consensus with the organization at an even higher level. Therefore, this study workplace as a passage of intellectualstimulation, the employees’ problem-solving skillswillbereinforced the in problems the to answers own their find to subordinates her or his guide can manager HR the If rather thanliabilities;thus,theemployeesbecomemore willingtostandbytheor have better performance, they will be inclined to think that the organization sees the employees as assets, the employees’ skillsarefurthercomplicated and made heterogeneous. Similarly, whentheemployees skills but also stimulate the potential of employees. When an education and training system is improved, performance of management results enhance employees’ the organizational commitment. Education which and training not only improve of inspiring, be can leadership transformational Manager’s HR the organization. on organizationdependence the emotional with develop themselves and identify to tend they potential, and objective assessment method helps to motivate employees; and once the employees maximize their feedback. Afair expected and goals job their know employees makes organization an in management of human resource management practices on employees’ organizational commitment. Better performance Manager’s leadership style. So, a HR Manager’s transformational leadership behavior enhances the effect employees, human resource management practices the perceived to by organization the entire employees the is of consistent vision within the a convey HR clearly can leaders the when themselves, practices entire the organization, and thus, guides of the design of human resource strategies management strategies as well the as the guides vision organization’s the Because commitment. organizational of effects able to convey the organizational visions to the employees. The first two assumptions verified the main not is manager HR the because reduced be an will commitment in employees’organizational organization, absent is leadership transformational if Thus, commitment. organizational of precursor the resource managementpractices. The perceptionoftransformationalleadershipcanberegardedas human to limited not is commitment organizational of source the that see can we foregoing, the From Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Mattummathodi and Moosafintavida . 54 Online ISSN:2322-0465 ganization. www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale have opportunities for self-fulfillment and growth within the organization, they would be more willing to employees’the they that sense employees organization,the the when in because, remain to willingness enhances motivation, inspirational dimensions, leadership transformational the of One organization. the development, career employees areawareoftheiropportunities for development and willbemorewillingtostaywithinthe of system objective and transparent a has organization an If commitment. organizational employee on system benefit the of effect the enhance can leadership Transformational the needs, individual employees’ employees havemoreflexibilityintheirworking. the to considerations makes manager HR a If organization. the to Print ISSN:2321-0745 employees takeup16.1%. part-time and 83.9% up take employees full-time categories: Job 17.6%. years, five over and 26.4%; years, five than less but years three over 22.7%; years, three than less but years two over 18.2%; years, under theageof20,2.3%. Years ofservice:lessthan oneyear, 15.1%;overoneyear butlessthantwo years old, 25.3%; 31 to 40 years old, 31.2%; 21 to 25 years old, 16.9%; over the age of 41. 24.3%, and On theattributes ofthesamples,malestakeup52.3%andfemales47.7%. Age distribution: 26 to30 assistant sent out and collected the questionnaire onsite. All questionnaires were completed anonymously. retrieved. The return rate is 88.10%.Data collection is conducted through onsite testing. The research of 3,617copiesthequestionnaire were sentoutand3,185valid copies ofthequestionnaire were East). The employees of the top six financial holding companies fill out the entire questionnaire. A total holding companies in the Middel East (there are a total of 11 financial holding companies in the Middle The main data used in this study comes from the 2017 employee satisfaction survey of the top six financial Data source andsampleattributes METHODOLOGY employees’ organizational commitment. level of transformational leadership, the human resource management practices have less impact on the lower has manager HR the contrary,when the on commitment; organizational on impact greater have practice management resource human the leadership, transformational of high-level has manager HR the When commitment. organizational employee and practices management resource human between H2: following hypothesis: effect of communication on organizational commitment. Based on the above, this research proposes the the reinforce to able be should leader transformational a subordinates, the to organization’sgoals the such behavior is seen and as an effective employees communication channel. When the the leader in an to organization can convey goals organizational conveying and define can leader transformational A case, theemployeesfeelbeingvaluedandthus,reachconsensuswithor information, including employee opinions and organizational goals, will be transferred faster. In such a an employees, the to management the linking channels communication When more established organizationhas commitment. organizational employee on development career of effect the improve could identify with and develop emotional attachment to the organization. Therefore, transformational leadership Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 The HR Manager’s transformational leadership has a positive moderating effect on the relationship Human ResourceManagementPractices Affecting Organizational Commitment 55 ganization. Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale system. Likert’s five-point scale is used to survey the employees. Performance Management contains Management Performance employees. the survey to used is scale five-point Likert’s system. communication and development career and promotion system, benefit bonuses, salary training, and education management, performance into classified are practices management resources Human [55]. The measurement for human resource management practices was developed with references to [32]and Independent variables Variable measurement Print ISSN:2321-0745 that personal characteristics, that is, age, gender, years of service, and level of position, have significant From the pre-factor meta-analysis [44] in a survey on the subject of organizational commitment, we found Controlled variables to havehighreliability. descriptions of each question. The internal consistence of the questions is α = 0.8758, which is considered company.”the the with for grow agreement of extent the Likert’s investigate to used is scale five-point commitment[1]. hard forand Five questionsare usedformeasurement, including “Iamwillingtowork organizational employee on survey questions the to reference with adjusted are variables Dependent Dependent variables have highreliability to considered is which α=.9328, is questions the of consistence internal The development.” career and HR Manager gives the correct target and teaches me the necessary knowledge and skills needed for work used to investigate the extent of agreement to each of the descriptions. Questions include “The Company’s was scale Likert five-point The developed. were questions Six [6]. by proposed (MLQ) Questionnaire is developed with reference to the transformational leadership dimensions used in Multifactor Leadership The employees measure the transformational leadership based on the HR Manager’s behavior. The scale Moderator variables communication system:α=0.8690. and 0.8742; = α development: career 0.8661; = α system: benefit 0.8284; 0.910; = α = remuneration: and α salary training: and education 0.8663; = α Management: Performance reliability. high have to management practices have internal consistency falling in between 0.82 and0.91,whichareconsidered resource human other of questions system, benefit the excluding that, found we analysis, reliability of including “I believe the company’s complaint handling system can really help me”. From the effect all the promotion and transferopportunities in thecompany”. Communication system hassixquestions, about clear very am “I including questions, five has development Career choice”. my to according day overtime asrequestedbytheCompany, thecompanypaysovertime orgivesmeacompensatoryleave working “When including questions, five contains system benefit The salary”. my with satisfied am I companies, financial other with “Compared including questions, five contain remuneration and Salary system”. training and education comprehensive a has Company “The including questions, five contain two conducts manager performance evaluations each year in January and before the end ofJuly.”HR Education and training company’s the rules, company the to “According including questions, 9 Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Mattummathodi and Moosafintavida . 56 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Handling interactivevariables controlled the variables. as part-time) and (full-time type job and service, of years age, sex, classifies research this Therefore, differences. have to found are meta-analysis the of Results variables. two the between demonstrated differences between full-time and part-time workers[59], but others found no differences commitment organizational on researches somepast commitment. organizational employee on effect Print ISSN:2321-0745 in between 0.50 and 0.70, which indicates a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001). The correlation correlation of the six human resource management practices and employee organizational commitment falls statistics of dependent variables, and the relations among the correlation coefficients of all variables. The Table 2 showsthe descriptive statistics of all independent variables, moderator variables, the descriptive Descriptive statisticsandcorrelation analysis RESULTS models, theeight-factormodelisbestfactorstructure model. of freedomistoosmallmaybetheeffect thatthenumberofsamplesistoolarge. Comparedwithother up to the best possible standard. The reason why the result of the chi-square value divided by the degrees are indexes goodness-of-fit rest the addition, In 2. than less is freedom of degrees the by divided value in The resultsareshown Table 1. The eight-factor model isthebestfactorstructuremodel.Chi-square leadership andemployeeorganizational commitment. management practices into six variables for study alongside the factors of HR Manager’s transformational Model 3 organizational commitment,atotalofthreefactorsare subjectedunderafactoranalysis. management practices as a factor. Together with HR Manager’s transformational leadership and employee as asysteminhumanresourcesmanagement related researches, thisresearchseessixhumanresource 2 Model Model 1 the eight-factor, three-factor, andone-factormodelsareusedtocomparetheleveloffit models: Analysis (CFA) to test the degree of fitting between the variables and measurement items. In this study, the fitting between the factors and the questions in the measurement, this study uses Confirmatory Factor manager’s transformational leadership and employee organizational commitment. ToHR plus further practices, understand management resource human six study,including this in variables eight are There Validity analysis before multiplying and,aftermultiplication,thevariablesaresubjectedtoaregressionanalysis[17]. variable single a as standardized is leadership, transformational Manager’s HR and practices and the moderator variables, each interacting variable, including the six human resource management To avoid occurrence ofcollinearity between the multiplication entries of interacting independent variables Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 isthemodelwewishtovalidateinthisresearch. Therefore, thisresearchdivideshumanresource isaone-factormodeland46itemsintheeightvariablesaretreatedassinglefactor. isathree-factor model. Since human resource management practices have been considered Human ResourceManagementPractices Affecting Organizational Commitment 57 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale significant level(P <0.001). the reached ∆R2also and 0.001), (P < level significant the reached which 179.666, is 2 model of value as wellthemoderatorvariables, totestthe maineffect. Fromthe regressionanalysis,wefoundthatF manager’sbenefits, career development,communication,bonus, andHR Transformational Leadership, seven independent variables, including performance management, education and training, salary and with added is 2 Model 0.01. < effect; P negative significant a has hand, other the on Yearsservice, of significant yielded type, positive results(P <0.01). job and age including variables, controlled the gender, to addition In level. significant the effect. and reach significant 14.336 I shows Model = 1 that F indicates which 0.001, < P Table 3, wecan see that Model 1isaregression analysis with input of the controlled variables. Model From analysis. regression multiple hierarchical the by verified mainly are study this of hypotheses The transformational leadershiponemployees’ organizational commitment The effectofhumanresource managementpracticesandHRManager’s in between3122and3183.(A.V: Average Value andS.D:Standard Deviation). Note: variables. Thus, wewillmovetothenextstep-regressionanalysis. all that independent and variables moderator the with correlation positive significant have variables dependent see can we which, From 0.001). < (P correlation positive asignificantly indicates also which of HR Manager’s transformational leadership and employee organizational commitment comes to 0.557, Print ISSN:2321-0745 GFI=goodness offitindex; AGFI=adjustedgoodnessoffitindex;RMSR=rootmeansquareresidual. Note: Employee Org. commitment HR Manager’s T. Leadership Communication Career Development Benefits Salary andBonus and TrainingEducation Performance Management Variables Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Eight-factor Three-factor One-factor Model Table 2: Mattummathodi and Moosafintavida N=3183; ∆χ N=3183; *P < 0.001. The α value inside of the () at the diagonal position is the value of internal consistency analysis. Sample number falls Descriptivestatisticsandcorrelationcoefficientoftheindependentvariables,moderator 2 Table 1: and ∆df represent the variances of χ of variances the represent ∆df and 149.78(937) 217.94(965) 243.56(968) χ 2 (df) Resultsofgoodness-of-fitfromtheconfirmatoryfactoranalysis 3.84 3.85 3.61 3.70 3.72 3.37 3.88 3.92 A. V 89.91(26) 30.14(2) ∆χ 0.638 0.692 0.672 0.626 0.592 0.723 0.651 0.621 S. D 2 (∆df) variables, anddependentvariables . 0.611* 0.647* 0.629* 0.573* 0.512* 0.523* 0.502* 0.8252 1 0.168 0.251 0.285 χ 2 2 anddegreeoffreedom(df)betweenmodels.CFI=Comparative Fit Index; /df 0.597* 0.506* 0.562* 0.572* 0.542* 0.519* 0.8149 2 58 1.00 1.00 1.00 CFI 0.578* 0.512* 0.672* 0.597* 0.531* 0.8813 3 0.602* 0.523* 0.635* 0.613* 0.8721 4 1.00 0.99 0.99 GFI 0.698* 0.541* 0.629* 0.8537 5 1.00 0.99 0.99 AGFI 0.675* 0.519* 0.8473 6 Online ISSN:2322-0465 0.557* 0.9186 7 0.053 0.071 0.078 RMSR 0.8675 8 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale are supportedbytheresults. have a significant positive effect; P < 0.001. Therefore, most of the hypotheses proposed by this research practices, etc., communication, development, career benefits, bonus, and salary training, and education management including resource human on perceptions the of Manager’s five HR but the leadership, and transformational management performance in shown is effect significant no that found we Through the regression coefficients of each individual independent variable and the moderator variables, Print ISSN:2321-0745 partly supportedbytheresults. organizational commitment in positive terms, asproposedinHypothesisII,whichalsomeans that Hypothesis IIis employee on practices management resource human of effect the regulate leadership the cross-multiply items of HR Manager’s transformational leadership. So, HR Manager’s transformational Education and training and career development, on the other hand, do not have significant correlation with Leadership (P <0.10). transformational manager’s HR with correlation positive significant a have benefits, as well as bonus, leadership has a significant negative effect (P < 0.01), and part of the cross-multiply items of salary and effect (p < 0.05), but the cross-multiply items of communication and the HR Manager’s transformational performance management and HR Manager’s transformational leadership yielded a positive significant of items cross-multiply the that Manager’sfound HR we the leadership, transformational and practices testing the regression coefficient of the cross-multiply items of the individual human resource management which reached the significant level (P < 0.005) and ∆R2 also reached the significant level (p < 0.005). After In Tablethe resultsofvalidation on HypothesisII.Model3hasanFvalue=148.733, 3,Model3shows The moderator effectHRManager’s transformationalleadership

leadership transformational Manager’s HR x management Performance Interactive items HR-M’s transformationalleadership Moderator variables Communication Career Development Benefits Salary andBonus and TrainingEducation Performance Management Independent variables Job Type Years ofService Age Gender DownloadedControlled Variables Variables From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Human ResourceManagementPractices Affecting Organizational Commitment Table 3 59 — — — — — — — — 0.145*** -0.093** 0.179*** -0.015 Model 1β — 0.026 0.286*** 0.182*** 0.157*** 0.126*** 0.261*** 0.042 0.017 -0.017 0.086*** 0.042 Model 2β Online ISSN:2322-0465 0.078* 0.026 0.276*** 0.183*** 0.158*** 0.126*** 0.262*** 0.049 0.017 -0.008 0.084*** 0.042+ Model 3β www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Print ISSN:2321-0745 organizationalemployee to commitment. the achieving in difficulties the research, their in found, They commitment [22]. They foundthat,infact,notallperformance management practices have correlations Study pointed out that the relationship between performance management and employee organizational performance to addition In [49]. and management, the individual [53], human resources management practice affects the employee’s attitude. The [50], [48], [21], of those with consistent is finding This career benefits, bonus, and development, salary and communication training, have significantand positive effecteducation onthat employee organizationalshow commitment. study empirical this of Results on employeeorganizational commitment. Therefore, HypothesisIIispartlysupported. career development, and the HR Manager’s transformational leadership does not have significant effect training, and education of effect partly, effect interactive positive the significant and shows leadership, negative effect. The interactive effect of salary and bonus, benefits and the HR Manager’s transformational of effect communication and interactive the HR The Manager’s commitment. transformational leadership, organizational on the employee other hand, on shows effect a significant positive significant a has on theone hand, the interactive effect of performance management and the transformational leadership management practices resource have significant positive Human effect on employee supported. organizational commitment. are As for Hypothesis practices II, management resource human five other the From theforegoinganalysis,wecanseethat,inHypothesisI,additiontoperformancemanagement, Manager’s HR transformational leadership. the of context the within commitment organizational employee of variable the on as whether there aredifferences inthedegreeofeffect amongthevarioushumanresourcesmanagement practices explore to factor contingency the as leadership transformational Manager’s HR the use We to explore the effect of human resource management practices on employee organizational commitment. leadership transformational Manager’s HR of factor the added study This commitment. organizational we foundthathumanresourcemanagement practices affect theattitude of theemployees, particularly facilitate in-depth understanding of the relationships among the phenomena. From past empirical studies, moderator factors will be a refined discussion on the formation of the cause-and-effect relationship and and factors intermediary the on discussions effect, and cause of relationship the confirm studies more study ontheeffect of somepractices on employee attitude or performance. However, whenmoreand Researches on human resources management practices in the past are focused on one single practice or DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Note: ∆R2 R2 Communication ×HRManager’s transformationalleadership Career development HR Manager’s transformational leadership Benefits ×HRManager’s transformationalleadership Salary andbonus×HRManager’s transformationalleadership leadership transformational Manager’s HR × training and Education Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 F Mattummathodi and Moosafintavida

β valueisastandardregressionanalysiscoefficient.***P <0.01;**P <0.01;*P <0.05;+P <0.10. . 60 14.336*** 0.503*** 0.053 — — — — — 179.666*** 0.612*** 0.701 — — — — — Online ISSN:2322-0465 148.733*** 0.008* 0.728 -0.096** -0.051 0.053+ 0.065+ -0.024 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale Other human resource management practices have positive effect on organizational commitment. When was shown. the effect of performance management on employee organizational commitment and insignificant effect job performance during performance evaluation) is consistent to the concept. This caused weakening in measurement questions (that is, the Company’s HR Manager’s provides guidance on how to improve my significant effect. This study measures performance management practice as a variable; therefore, some short-term goals, thelinkbetween effort andperformance, and theunderstanding in development, shows performance goals, whichstressedthat none ofthe factors, including peer competition, emphasis on Print ISSN:2321-0745 Manager’s HR similarly responsibility. are welfare, Therefore, when flexible HR Manager’s is, transformational leadership that is higher,benefits, it and helps to bonus enhance the and Salary evaluations. her employeesworktogether tomaketheperformancegoal,formerisresponsible forperformance his/ and Manager HR When commitment. organizational employee on benefits and bonus, and salary management, performance the to moderating positively is leadership transformational Manager’s HR education andtraining,aswellcareerdevelopment, HRManager a negative and highly significant effect, and no significant correlation is found in the interactive items of effect. The interactive items of communication and the HR Manager’s transformational leadership have well as benefits, and HR Manager’s transformational leadership have a positive and moderately significant as bonus, and salary of items interactive the and effect, significant highly and positive have leadership we found that the interactive items of performance management and the HR Manager’s transformational leadership, as an individual human resource management practice, on employee transformational organizationalManager’s HR the commitment, of effect the of variables moderator the of relationship the in And in theimprovementemployeeattitude. fair career development opportunities and, effective, moderate, andwarmcommunication are effective comprehensive system of education and training, satisfactory salary and bonus, flexible benefits, open and it can be achieved by providing commitment type human resources management practices; especially, a attitude, positive a with employees have to wishes organization an if Thus, developed. be will attitude good humanresourcemanagementpracticesandtheemployeesareawareofpractices,betteremployee practices on employee organizational commitment. In the context of management, if an organization has The first contribution of this study is that it once again verified the effect of human resources management respected, sotheyaremorewillingtocommittheorganization. their views andreceive satisfactory responses, whichyields the same effect as training. Employees feel express fully to employees the allows communication organization.warm the Effective,and moderate, the employees’ development can be anticipated and thus they become more willing to identify with the organization. When an organization provides fair opportunities and a transparent promotion system, feel that they have more autonomy and are more respected, so they are more willing to identify with would employees policy, the benefit the in flexibility provide can organization an If organization. the organization the that can providebetter economic rewards totheemployees, so theemployees are morewilling to stayin means this bonus, and salary better provide can organization an If emotional attachment. develop and organization the in remain to willing more become therefore employees The training systemenablestheemployeestogrowandhavemorecontroloftheirworkreducefrustration. skills neededandusetheintheirwork,aswelldevelopability to solveproblems,becausethe the learn to employees the allow will it more the complete, more is system organization’straining an Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Human ResourceManagementPractices Affecting Organizational Commitment 61 ’s transformationalleadership. Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale of HR Manager’s transformational leadership, as a human resource management practice, on employee The greatest contribution of thisstudyisthat it achieved further understanding in the moderating effect education andtrainingcareerdevelopment. style, itwouldstillbeoutofhispowertoenhancethemorepersonalfactorsemployees,suchas are usually set openly by the organization, so even if the HR Manager has high transformational leadership employee organizational commitment was not significant. The main reason should be that these systems effect of HR Manager’s transformational leadership, education and training, and career development on effect of human resource management practices on employee organizational commitment. The moderating Print ISSN:2321-0745 changed. This studycollected cross-sectional data, which isless capable ofverifying the cause-and-effect be can attitude their before them for considers company the that feel employees the make which first, cause-and-effect relationship ismoredetermined:thereshouldbehumanresource managementpractices relationship, implementation of human resource management practices improves employee attitude. This cause-and-effect reciprocal have may performance organizational and practices management resource resource managementpractices. This posesthesecondlimitationofthisresearch. Although human human good organizationenables good that possible also is it organization,but good achieve practices management practices [63]. This studyvalidates the viewpoint that good human resources management good organizational performance, or good organizational performance results in good human resources there have been disputes onthe issue ofwhether good human resources management practices result in performance, organizational and practices management resource human of study the in Furthermore, factors orusedifferent sourcesfordatacollectionwhendesigningaresearchtargeting onthisissue. However, westill suggest the future studiestoincorporate the variables of social expectations as control variance (CMV) are relatively low. Therefore, the problem of CMV may be less significant in this study. moderating effects. And the chances for the moderating effects to beaffected by the common method the first limitation of this study. Even so, the main objective of this study is to verify the existence of the variables, andthedependentvariablescouldbedetected because thetwosharesamesource. This is homologous variation may occur [52]. Significant correlations among the independent variables, moderator variables of thisresearcharealldonethroughtheemployees’ assessment;therefore, problems ofthe ofthisstudy,For thelimitations andthedependent moderatorvariables, theindependentvariables, FUTURE STUDIES LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR communication forproperconveyanceoftheorganization’s goalandvision. of channels formal the replace to used be can behaviors leadership transformational Manager’s HR a communication channel, so when an organization is unable to design an effective communication system; Manager’s transformational leadership are mutually replaceable. HR manager leadership is also a kind of HR the and communication direction. that negative represents a also in This flow to appears leadership leadership behaviors and the interaction between communication and a HR Manager’s transformational employees’organization’slinking the goals work goals. transformational Ademonstrates Manager HR employee training, conveyance of the organization’s strategic goals and vision at the key meetings, and transformational leadership must be fully manifested, and these leadership behaviors include guidance and organizational commitment. The results of this study offer the organizations the insight that a HR Manager’s Downloaded From IP - 43.226.30.200 on dated 8-Apr-2021 Mattummathodi and Moosafintavida . 62 Online ISSN:2322-0465 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale with cross-levelmethods,theresultswillbeclosertoreality. Therefore, usingonlyvariablesofthe analyzed is levels different between relationship cause-and-effect the If methods. research advanced are methods research cross-level organization, on studies recent the In level). (individual commitment organizational employee and level), (group style leadership Manager’s HR level), (organizational This study used variables at the individual level to measure human resource management practices for verificationonthecause-and-effect relationship. we recommendedthatfuturestudiescollect longitudinal data, whichwilloffer moreaccurately means relationship between human resource management and employee organizational commitment; therefore, Print ISSN:2321-0745 2. 1. REFERENCES employees’ organizational commitment. of transformational leadership on therelationship between humanresourcemanagement practices and transformational leadership of the department heads forthefurtherexploration of themoderating effect organizational commitment. Therefore, we recommend that future researches should collect data on the The transformational leadership of otherdepartmental managers, however,leadership. mayalsoaffect theemployee transformational Manager’s HR the on mainly studied research This commitment. other find contingency factors for to the effect of human try resource management practices on employee may organizational research future that suggest We commitment. organizational employees’ on that moderating effect doesnotexistintheeffect ofeducation and training and career development found has leadership, Manager’stransformational HR effectof moderating the studying research, This Manager’s transformationalleadershipindeedexists. of this study is low, the interactive effect is significant, which indicates that the moderating effect of HR 2 ∆R effect.the moderating although the Therefore, of under-estimatepresence will the it variables, of interaction the for analysis under subjected then are results the and multiplication before standardized to [17]onthe subject of statistical analysis methods for handling variance interaction, if variables are side. low according the And on be will 2 effect, ∆R significant no have to found are two the of rest the and significant effect, partly have to found are other effect, two significant have to found are variances the interpretative variance is significant. 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