Pharmacognostical, Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Findings Of

International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2020; 8(5): 26-32 E-ISSN: 2321-2187 P-ISSN: 2394-0514 www.florajournal.com Pharmacognostical, physico-chemical and phytochemical IJHM 2020; 8(5): 26-32 Received: 20-06-2020 findings of different extracts of Capparis zeylanica Linn. Accepted: 13-07-2020 (Capparidaceae) Abinash Kumar Sahu Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Abinash Kumar Sahu, Raghunandan Hota, Chhayakanta Panda and Pharmacy, The Pharmaceutical College, Tingipali, Barpali, Nishigandha SA Bargarh, Odisha, India Abstract Raghunandan Hota The aim of the study is to investigate pharmacognostical, physico-chemical and phytochemical screening Department of Medicinal of the different extract of Capparis zeylanica It has total ash 3.1% w/w, water soluble ash 0.5% w/w, acid Chemistry, Faculty of insoluble ash 0.5% w/w, water soluble extractives 3.8% W/W and alcohol soluble extractives 10.18% Pharmacy, The Pharmaceutical W/W. The plant showed loss on drying 9.2% W/W. The extractive values of Methanol, Pet ether, College, Tingipali, Barpali, Chloroform and Ethyl acetate were 6.3%, 2.2%, 1.2% and 1.3% w/w respectively. In determination of Bargarh, Odisha, India leaf constant it revealed that stomata were present on upper epidermis of leaf having average stomatal Chhayakanta Panda number-9, stomatal number range- 8-10, average stomatal index-17.75 and stomatal index range-16-20. Department of Medicinal The leaf had average palisade ratio 1:7.95. And average vein-islet number is 58.4 having vein–islet Chemistry, Faculty of range-50-63.The Fluorescence characteristic of powdered flower produce different colors with different Pharmacy, The Pharmaceutical reagents in visible and UV light. Qualitative phytochemical study of C. zeylanica showed different College, Tingipali, Barpali, responses for alkaloid, glycosides, saponin, phenolic, carbohydrate etc. Bargarh, Odisha, India Keywords: Capparis zeylanica Linn, traditional use, pharmacognostical, physicochemical, Nishigandha SA phytochemical screening, fluorescence analysis Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Pharmaceutical 1. Introduction College, Tingipali, Barpali, As we know very well that everything in this world change time by time, since thousands of Bargarh, Odisha, India year the era was of ayurveda or herbal origin drug. But last few decades it was replaced by allopathic system of medicine, which was firstly accepted worldwide, but later due to its lots of adverse effect again men step down on Ayurveda because of its better therapeutic result and safety profile and now the people are more believing in natural origin drug. Herbal drugs have played a vital role in curing so many aliments throughout the history of medicine as well as the existence of mankind. If we take a worldwide comparison of patronization of modern and alternative medicine, it is depicted that 75% of the population world over is per forced, compelled to use the alternative system of medicine especially the herbal medicine indigenous to that part of the world [1, 2]. 1.1 Plant profile Capparis zeylanica Linn. is commonly known as Indian caper; a climbing Scandent shrub and found throughout India Capparis zeylanica Linn is belonging to the family Capparidaceae plants are 2-3m in height, armed with 3-6mm long recurved thorns, branched, leaves are elliptic or broadly lanceolate, base rounded, apex mucronate; flower profuse, pinkish white, later turning pink, berries are globular or ellipsoid, 3-4 cm in diameter, and seeds are globase, embedded in white pulp. It is grows in moist habitat. Large climbing shrubs with hooked spines, stems woody, rough, young parts green, rusty tomentose with pungent smell, leaves ovate or elliptic,3.5-6.5x2.5-4 cm, rusty-tomentose when young, glabrosa at maturity, base cuneate,entire,tip mucronate, flowers yellowish-white or white in supra-axillary, solitary, 2-3 [3] pedunculate, berries globose, scarlet red . Fig- 1 to 4. 1.2 Taxonomical classification [4] Kingdom : Plantae Corresponding Author: Abinash Kumar Sahu Subkingdom : Viridaeplantae Department of Medicinal Phylum : Tracheophyta Chemistry, Faculty of Subphylum : Euphyllophytina Pharmacy, The Pharmaceutical Infraphylum : Radiatopses College, Tingipali, Barpali, Class : Magnoliopsida Bargarh, Odisha, India ~ 26 ~ International Journal of Herbal Medicine http://www.florajournal.com Subclass : Dilleniidae or dust if any; initially it was dried in sunlight for an hour and Super order : Violanae shade dried completely. Also all the foreign matters like dead Order : Capparales or destructed part were removed precautionary. The dried Suborder : Capparineae plant stem was cut into chips and powdered by means of Family : Capparaceae. wood grinder and was sieved through sieve no. 18 & 60 to get Genus : Capparis the coarse powder, fine powder was used for further detailed Specific epithet : zeylanica - L. powder microscopy, and the coarse powder was extracted Botanical name : Capparis zeylanica L. with different solvents for further studies. Vernacular name 2.2. Pharmacognostical studies Oriya : Asadhua The plants parts were subjected for macroscopic study. The Sanskrit : Karambha leaves, stem, flower, root Transverse Section were processed Bengali : Kalokera with glycerine and saffranine for better visualisation and it Hindi : Ardanda was observed under compound microscope (Olympus Kannad : Aantundikayee 100MB, Universal Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai) at magnification of 100 Marathi : Govindi X under day light. Tamil : - Adondai Telugu : - Adondai Macro and mcroscopical studies 2.2.1 Macroscopical investigation [12-16] 1.3 Occurrence A. Morphological group of stem The plant is a many branched thorny, sub-scandent climbing Type of stem : Woody shrub. It is grows in moist habitat. Outer surface : Rough, spines or remantits of the spines are also found 1.4 Distribution Fracture : Irregular & fibrous The plant distributed throughout the major parts of India, Odour : Characteristic Bangladesh and some parts of Pakistan. Taste : Bitter Colour : Green 1.5 Phytochemicals Root bark of Capparis zeylanica contains an alkaloid, a B. Morphological group of leaf Fig-5 phytosterol, a water soluble acid and mucilaginous substance. Type of leaf : simple It’s leaves contain-β-carotene. The whole plant contain- A Colour : Green saponin, p- hydroxybenzoic, syringic, anillic, ferulic and p- Odour : Characteristics coumaric acid, l-stachydrine, rutin and β -sitosterol. It’s seeds Taste : Bitter and leaves contain Thioglucoside, glucocapparin, n- tricontane, α-amyrin and fixed oil [5, 6]. C. Morphological group of root Fig-6 Type of root : Tap root 1.6 Traditional uses Outer surface : Fairly smooth transverse cracks Its root bark is demulcent, sedative, stomachic, good Fracture : Short appetizer& finds useful for internal application in colic. It is Odour : Indistinct antihydrotic, bitter, cholague and used in cholera [7, 8]. It’s Taste : Slightly bitter aerial parts are used as sapasmolytic [9]. The whole plant Colour : Yellowish grey useful in fever. It has also bactericidal properties. It is given in neuralgia, pleuracy, rheumatism & colitis [10]. It leaves are 2.2.2 Microscopical investigation [17, 18] irritant ground in to paste and used for external application in 2.2.2.1 Transverse section of stem glandular swelling, piles & boils. Decoction of leaves is given A transverse section of stem shows a single layer of in syphilis [8, 11]. epidermis, followed by 6-10 layer of parenchymatous cortex. The central region was occupied by wide pith, composed of 2. Materials and Methods thin-walled, circular to isodiametric parenchymatous cells, The following drugs and chemicals were used for the different some of which are pitted. The secondary growth starts in the experimental study. The Mayer's, Hager’s, Barfoed’s, usual manner. The cork cambium arises in the outermost or Benedict’s and millon’s reagent were purchased from S.D. the second layer of the cortex giving rise to the cork towards Fine Chemical, Mumbai. The solvents petroleum ether, the outer and phlloderm towards the inner side Fig7, 8. Chloroform was purchased from Hi Media Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai. Methanol and Petroleum ether was purchased 2.2.2.2 Transverse section of leaf from Qualigens chemicals. Mumbai. And all others A transverse section of leaf shows distinct layer of upper and chemicals, solvents and reagents were of analytical grade and lower epidermis. Upper epidermis was covered with thick procured from authorized dealer. cuticle. Vascular bundles were distributed in the middle zone. Each vascular bundle is surrounded by bundle sheath Fig-9 2.1 Plants collection, identification and processing The plant was collected from adjoining area of Barpali (Dist- 2.2.2.3 Transverse section of root Bargarh, Odissa) in the month of Oct-Nov on dated 25-10- A transverse section of root shows a single layered epidermis, 2019. The plant was identified by Botanist Prof. (Dr.) Santosh some of which elongated to form unicellular hairs. The Kumar Dash, Retired Professor and H.O.D, P.G Dept. of epidermis was followed by 2-3 layered parenchymatous Biosciences, C.P.S, Mohuda, Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha. cortexes. The endodermis was distinct with casparian dots on The plant was washed properly with water to remove the mud the anticlinal walls. The pericycle was single layered and ~ 27 ~ International Journal of Herbal Medicine http://www.florajournal.com encloses a triarch stele. The phellogen arises in the epidermis using vacuum filtration and concentrated. Then the extracts Fig-10,

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