Risk and Aggressiveness of Breast Cancer in Relation to Plasma Organochlorine Concentrations1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Risk and Aggressiveness of Breast Cancer in Relation to Plasma Organochlorine Concentrations1 Vol. 9, 161–166, February 2000 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 161 Risk and Aggressiveness of Breast Cancer in Relation to Plasma Organochlorine Concentrations1 Alain Demers, Pierre Ayotte, Jacques Brisson, We conclude that exposure to persistent, hormonally Sylvie Dodin, Jean Robert, and E´ ric Dewailly2 active organochlorines during adulthood is not associated Unite´de Recherche en Sante´Publique, Centre de Recherche du Centre with breast cancer risk. The possibility that some Hospitalier de l’Universite´Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Que´bec, organochlorines and especially p,p؅-DDE may increase Beauport, Que´bec, G1E 7G9 Canada [A. D., P. A., S. D., E´ . D.]; Groupe de breast cancer aggressiveness deserves further attention. Recherche en E´ pide´miologie et Centre des Maladies du Sein, Pavillon Saint- Sacrement, Centre Hospitalier Affilie´Universitaire de Que´bec, Que´bec, G1S 4L8 Canada [J. B., J. R.]; De´partement de Me´decine Sociale et Introduction Pre´ventive, Faculte´deMe´decine, Universite´Laval, Ste-Foy, G1K 7P4 Canada [P. A., J. B., E´ . D.]; and Unite´de Recherche en Endocrinologie de la Exposure to environmental chemicals and particularly to or- Reproduction, Centre de Recherche du Pavillon Saint-Franc¸ois-d’Assise, ganochlorines has been suggested as a possible cause of breast Que´bec, G1L 3L5 Canada [S. D.] cancer (1). This group of persistent, lipophilic chemicals com- prises industrial compounds such as PCBs3 and agricultural pesticides, such as chlordane, DDT, and mirex, which were Abstract extensively used in the past and can be found in all ecosystems Several organochlorines identified as “hormone mimics” of the planet. Biological half-lives of several years have been were proposed as possible risk factors for breast cancer. documented in humans for the most persistent organochlorines We conducted a case-control study to assess breast cancer (2, 3), resulting in their accumulation with age in body fat, risk and disease aggressiveness in relation to plasma including adipose tissue (4), blood lipids (5), and milk fat (6). concentrations of several organochlorine compounds. Studies conducted 30 years ago revealed the estogenic proper- Plasma lipid concentrations of 11 chlorinated ties of several commercial mixtures of PCBs and of o,pЈ-DDT, pesticides and 14 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners a minor constituent of technical DDT (7, 8). Since that time, were measured in 315 women newly diagnosed with several other organochlorines (p,pЈ-DDT, chlordane, dieldrin, breast cancer, 219 hospital-based controls, and 307 endosulfan, ␤-HCH, toxaphene) were shown to elicit estrogenic population controls from the Quebec City area (Canada). responses in various in vitro systems (9–11). Given the sus- Concentrations of hormonally active organochlorines or pected implication of estrogens in the pathogenesis of breast their surrogates were compared between cases and cancer (12), it has been proposed that these weakly estrogenic controls as well as between groups of cases defined organochlorine compounds might be a risk factor for the dis- according to tumor size and axillary-lymph-node ease. This hypothesis is supported by results of experimental involvement. studies in rats showing that o,pЈ-DDT can alter mammary gland We found similar levels of organochlorines in cases differentiation and cell proliferation (13) and promote the and controls and no relationship between the relative risk growth of mammary tumors (14, 15). of breast cancer and organochlorine exposure. However, Results from early human studies generally supported the the probability of lymph-node invasion among cases existence of a relationship (16–19) or suggested a possible link increased with exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4- (20) between breast cancer risk and organochlorine exposure, .chlorophenyl)ethylene [p,p؅-DDE; odds ratio, 2.54; 95% more specifically with p,pЈ-DDE, the main metabolite of DDT confidence interval (CI), 1.20–5.35; between the highest In contrast, recent studies involving larger sample sizes yielded and the lowest tertiles]. Furthermore, p,p؅-DDE exposure negative results (21–25). In particular, Hunter et al. (21) and was associated with a dose-related increased relative risk Høyer et al. (25), using a nested case control study design, of exhibiting both lymph-node involvement and a large failed to observe a relationship between p,pЈ-DDE or PCB tumor. Indeed odds ratio raised to 2.33 (95% CI, 0.94– plasma concentrations and breast cancer risk. However, Høyer 5.77) for the second tertile relative to the first tertile and et al. (25) reported that high plasma concentrations of dieldrin reached 3.51 (95% CI, 1.41–8.73) for the third tertile were associated with breast cancer risk. relative to the first tertile. Similar associations were noted Previous studies have focused solely on the risk of devel- with ␤-hexachlorocyclohexane, oxychlordane, and trans- oping a new breast cancer. However, hormonally active or- nonachlor. ganochlorines might also modulate cancer growth. The present study tests the hypothesis that the risk of developing breast cancer is related to exposure to selected organochlorines that Received 6/4/99; revised 11/2/99; accepted 11/30/99. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in 3 The abbreviations used are: PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; DDT, dichlorodi- accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. phenyltrichloroethane; o,pЈ-DDT, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1- 1 Supported by Grant 4811-82 from the National Cancer Institute of Canada. trichloroethane; p,pЈ-DDT, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane; p,pЈ- 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Unite´de Recherche en DDE, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene; ␤-HCH, ␤-hexachlorocyclo- Sante´ Publique, 2400 d’Estimauville, Beauport, Que´bec, G1E 7G9 Canada. hexane; BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ER, estrogen E-mail: [email protected]. receptor. Downloaded from cebp.aacrjournals.org on October 2, 2021. © 2000 American Association for Cancer Research. 162 Organochlorine and Breast Cancer either possess estrogenic properties themselves or are surro- phospholipids, and triglycerides were quantified by enzymatic gates of past exposure to less persistent estrogenic compounds. assays. In addition, we also investigated the possible relationship be- Statistical Analysis. Characteristics of cases were compared tween exposure to organochlorines and two indicators of breast to those of control groups using Student’s t tests for continuous cancer aggressiveness and prognosis: axillary-lymph-node in- variables or ␹2 tests for categorical variables. Variance analysis volvement and tumor size. was used to compare the mean concentrations of organochlo- rines between cases and controls. Organochlorine concentra- tions in plasma lipids displayed log-normal distributions and Materials and Methods therefore, these statistical analyses were performed using the Subjects. From October 1994 to March 1997, 315 women with natural logarithm of organochlorine concentrations. A concen- histologically confirmed infiltrating primary breast cancer and tration equal to half the detection limit was assumed for sam- 219 controls were recruited in four hospitals of the Quebec City ples with organochlorine levels below the detection limit. area (Quebec, Canada). A second control group included 307 Point and interval estimates of relative risk were based on women randomly selected from the general population files of unconditional logistic regression analysis. Quintile and tertile the Re´gie de l’Assurance maladie du Que´bec. Cases and con- limits of plasma organochlorine concentrations were based on trols were matched for age (5-year age groups) and region of the distribution observed among controls. Risks were calculated residence (rural/urban). Cases were excluded if they had a relative to the lowest category. Age (30–40Ͻ, 40–50Ͻ,50– previous history of breast cancer or any other cancer (except 60Ͻ, Ն60 years) and region of residence (rural/urban) were cervical intraepithelial neoplasm or basocellular skin cancer) or included in all multivariate models. The other variables tested 2 if they showed distant metastasis at diagnosis. All participants for confounding were BMI (kg/m ), total energy consumed, had to reside in the Quebec City area and be aged between 30 alcohol consumption, age at first cigarette, number of fertile and 70 years. Hospital controls had, in addition, to be free of years, age at first child, total breast feeding duration, use of oral gynecological illnesses; they were admitted for digestive sur- contraceptive, use of hormone therapy, first-degree family his- gery (50%), orthopedic surgery (25%), vascular surgery (14%), tory of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, and time or other surgeries (11%). Participation rates were 91% for separating blood sampling from surgery. A variable was con- cases, 89% for hospital controls, and 47% for population con- sidered as a confounder when its inclusion in the model mod- trols. ified OR (adjusted for age and region of residence) by Ͼ10%. Blood samples were obtained from cases and hospital All statistical analyses were performed using the SAS software controls after surgery and for cases before the initiation of (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Ͻ chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A research nurse
Recommended publications
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 De Juan Et Al
    US 200601 10428A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0110428A1 de Juan et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 25, 2006 (54) METHODS AND DEVICES FOR THE Publication Classification TREATMENT OF OCULAR CONDITIONS (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Eugene de Juan, LaCanada, CA (US); A6F 2/00 (2006.01) Signe E. Varner, Los Angeles, CA (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/427 (US); Laurie R. Lawin, New Brighton, MN (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Featured is a method for instilling one or more bioactive SCOTT PRIBNOW agents into ocular tissue within an eye of a patient for the Kagan Binder, PLLC treatment of an ocular condition, the method comprising Suite 200 concurrently using at least two of the following bioactive 221 Main Street North agent delivery methods (A)-(C): Stillwater, MN 55082 (US) (A) implanting a Sustained release delivery device com (21) Appl. No.: 11/175,850 prising one or more bioactive agents in a posterior region of the eye so that it delivers the one or more (22) Filed: Jul. 5, 2005 bioactive agents into the vitreous humor of the eye; (B) instilling (e.g., injecting or implanting) one or more Related U.S. Application Data bioactive agents Subretinally; and (60) Provisional application No. 60/585,236, filed on Jul. (C) instilling (e.g., injecting or delivering by ocular ion 2, 2004. Provisional application No. 60/669,701, filed tophoresis) one or more bioactive agents into the Vit on Apr. 8, 2005. reous humor of the eye. Patent Application Publication May 25, 2006 Sheet 1 of 22 US 2006/0110428A1 R 2 2 C.6 Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Prenatal Organochlorine Pesticide Exposure and the Disruption of Steroids and Reproductive Hormones in Cord Blood : Title the Hokkaido Study
    Prenatal organochlorine pesticide exposure and the disruption of steroids and reproductive hormones in cord blood : Title The Hokkaido study Araki, Atsuko; Miyashita, Chihiro; Mitsui, Takahiko; Goudarzi, Houman; Mizutani, Futoshi; Chisaki, Youichi; Itoh, Author(s) Sachiko; Sasaki, Seiko; Cho, Kazutoshi; Moriya, Kimihiko; Shinohara, Nobuo; Nonomura, Katsuya; Kishi, Reiko Environment international, 110, 1-13 Citation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.006 Issue Date 2018-01 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/76437 © 2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Type article (author version) File Information ENVINT_2017_824_(final).pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Prenatal organochlorine pesticide exposure and the disruption of steroids and 7 8 2 reproductive hormones in cord blood: The Hokkaido Study 9 10 3 Atsuko Arakia, Chihiro Miyashitaa, Takahiko Mitsuib,c, Houman Goudarzia,d, Futoshi 11 12 4 Mizutanie, Youichi Chisakie, Sachiko Itoha, Seiko Sasakif, Kazutoshi Chog, Kimihiko 13 14 5 Moriyah, Nobuo Shinoharah, Katsuya Nonomurah,i, and Reiko Kishia 15 16 6 17 18 7 aCenter for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, 19 20 8 Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan 21 22 b 23 9 Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, 24 25 10 Hokkaido, Japan 26
    [Show full text]
  • Results from Monitoring Endosulfan and Dieldrin in Wide Hollow Creek, Yakima River Drainage, 2005-06
    A D e p a r t m e n t o f E c o l o g y R e p o r t Results from Monitoring Endosulfan and Dieldrin in Wide Hollow Creek, Yakima River Drainage, 2005-06 Abstract Endosulfan and dieldrin were monitored in Wide Hollow Creek near Yakima from July 2005 through June 2006. Wide Hollow Creek is on the federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d) list as water quality limited for historically exceeding aquatic life and/or human health water quality criteria for these pesticides. Results showed that endosulfan no longer qualifies for 303(d) listing. Dieldrin, however, was consistently above human health criteria and should therefore remain listed. Data were also obtained on endosulfan sulfate and aldrin. By Art Johnson and Chris Burke Publication No. 06-03-038 September 2006 Waterbody No. WA-37-1047 Publication Information This report is available on the Department of Ecology’s website at www.ecy.wa.gov/biblio/0603038.html Data for this project are available on Ecology’s Environmental Information Management (EIM) website at www.ecy.wa.gov/eim/index.htm. Search User Study ID, AJOH0053. Ecology’s Study Tracker Code for this study is 06-001. For more information contact: Publications Coordinator Environmental Assessment Program P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: (360) 407-6764 Authors: Art Johnson and Chris Burke Watershed Ecology Section Environmental Assessment Program Washington State Department of Ecology E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Phone: 360-407-6766, 360-407-6139 Address: PO Box 47600, Olympia WA 98504-7600 Any use of product or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the author or the Department of Ecology.
    [Show full text]
  • QSAR Model for Androgen Receptor Antagonism
    s & H oid orm er o t n S f a l o S l c a Journal of i n e Jensen et al., J Steroids Horm Sci 2012, S:2 r n u c o e DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.S2-006 J ISSN: 2157-7536 Steroids & Hormonal Science Research Article Open Access QSAR Model for Androgen Receptor Antagonism - Data from CHO Cell Reporter Gene Assays Gunde Egeskov Jensen*, Nikolai Georgiev Nikolov, Karin Dreisig, Anne Marie Vinggaard and Jay Russel Niemelä National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark Abstract For the development of QSAR models for Androgen Receptor (AR) antagonism, a training set based on reporter gene data from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was constructed. The training set is composed of data from the literature as well as new data for 51 cardiovascular drugs screened for AR antagonism in our laboratory. The data set represents a wide range of chemical structures and various functions. Twelve percent of the screened drugs were AR antagonisms; three out of six statins showed AR antagonism, two showed cytotoxicity and one was negative. The newly identified AR antagonisms are: Lovastatin, Simvastatin, Mevastatin, Amiodaron, Docosahexaenoic acid and Dilazep. A total of 874 (231 positive, 643 negative) chemicals constitute the training set for the model. The Case Ultra expert system was used to construct the QSAR model. The model was cross-validated (leave-groups-out) with a concordance of 78.4%, a specificity of 86.1% and a sensitivity of 57.9%.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 of 3 GC+LC-USA
    Updated: 07/18/2016 1 of 3 GC+LC-USA Limit of Quantitation (LOQ): 0.010 mg/kg (ppm) Sample Types: Low Fat Content Samples Minimum Sample Size: 100 grams (~1/4 pound). Certain products require more for better sample representation. Instrument: GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS Turnaround: 24-48 hours Accreditation: Part of AGQ USA's ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation Scope 4,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone Bupirimate Cyantraniliprole Diflufenican Abamectin Buprofezin Cyazofamid Dimethoate Acephate Butachlor Cycloate Dimethoate (Sum) Acequinocyl Butocarboxim Cycloxydim Dimethomorph Acetamiprid Butralin Cyflufenamid Diniconazole Acetochlor Cadusafos Cyfluthrin Dinocap Acrinathrin Captafol Cymoxanil Dinotefuran Alachlor Captan Cyproconazole Diphenylamine Aldicarb Captan (Sum) Cyprodinil Disulfoton Aldicarb (Sum) Carbaryl Cyromazine Disulfoton (Sum) Aldicarb-sulfone Carbofuran DDD-o,p Disulfoton-sulfone Aldicarb-sulfoxide Carbofuran-3-hydroxy DDD-p,p +DDT-o,p Disulfoton-sulfoxide Aldrin Carbophenothion DDE-o,p Ditalimfos Ametryn Carbosulfan DDE-p,p Diuron Amitraz Carboxine DDT (Sum) Dodemorph Atrazine Carfentrazone-ethyl DDT-p,p Dodine Azadirachtin Chinomethionat DEET Emamectin Benzoate Azamethiphos Chlorantraniliprole Deltamethrin Endosulfan (A+B+Sulf) Azinphos-ethyl Chlordane Demeton Endosulfan Alfa Azinphos-methyl Chlordane Trans Demeton-S-methyl-sulfone Endosulfan Beta Azoxystrobin Chlorfenapyr Desmedipham Endosulfan Sulfate Benalaxyl Chlorfenson Diafenturion Endrin Ben-Carb-TPM (Sum) Chlorfenvinphos Dialifos EPN Bendiocarb Chlorfluazuron Diazinon Epoxiconazole
    [Show full text]
  • Customs Tariff - Schedule
    CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE 99 - i Chapter 99 SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION PROVISIONS - COMMERCIAL Notes. 1. The provisions of this Chapter are not subject to the rule of specificity in General Interpretative Rule 3 (a). 2. Goods which may be classified under the provisions of Chapter 99, if also eligible for classification under the provisions of Chapter 98, shall be classified in Chapter 98. 3. Goods may be classified under a tariff item in this Chapter and be entitled to the Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff or a preferential tariff rate of customs duty under this Chapter that applies to those goods according to the tariff treatment applicable to their country of origin only after classification under a tariff item in Chapters 1 to 97 has been determined and the conditions of any Chapter 99 provision and any applicable regulations or orders in relation thereto have been met. 4. The words and expressions used in this Chapter have the same meaning as in Chapters 1 to 97. Issued January 1, 2019 99 - 1 CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE Tariff Unit of MFN Applicable SS Description of Goods Item Meas. Tariff Preferential Tariffs 9901.00.00 Articles and materials for use in the manufacture or repair of the Free CCCT, LDCT, GPT, UST, following to be employed in commercial fishing or the commercial MT, MUST, CIAT, CT, harvesting of marine plants: CRT, IT, NT, SLT, PT, COLT, JT, PAT, HNT, Artificial bait; KRT, CEUT, UAT, CPTPT: Free Carapace measures; Cordage, fishing lines (including marlines), rope and twine, of a circumference not exceeding 38 mm; Devices for keeping nets open; Fish hooks; Fishing nets and netting; Jiggers; Line floats; Lobster traps; Lures; Marker buoys of any material excluding wood; Net floats; Scallop drag nets; Spat collectors and collector holders; Swivels.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,486,374 B2 Tamarkin Et Al
    USOO8486374B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,486,374 B2 Tamarkin et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 16, 2013 (54) HYDROPHILIC, NON-AQUEOUS (56) References Cited PHARMACEUTICAL CARRIERS AND COMPOSITIONS AND USES U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 1,159,250 A 11/1915 Moulton 1,666,684 A 4, 1928 Carstens (75) Inventors: Dov Tamarkin, Maccabim (IL); Meir 1924,972 A 8, 1933 Beckert Eini, Ness Ziona (IL); Doron Friedman, 2,085,733. A T. 1937 Bird Karmei Yosef (IL); Alex Besonov, 2,390,921 A 12, 1945 Clark Rehovot (IL); David Schuz. Moshav 2,524,590 A 10, 1950 Boe Gimzu (IL); Tal Berman, Rishon 2,586.287 A 2/1952 Apperson 2,617,754 A 1 1/1952 Neely LeZiyyon (IL); Jorge Danziger, Rishom 2,767,712 A 10, 1956 Waterman LeZion (IL); Rita Keynan, Rehovot (IL); 2.968,628 A 1/1961 Reed Ella Zlatkis, Rehovot (IL) 3,004,894 A 10/1961 Johnson et al. 3,062,715 A 11/1962 Reese et al. 3,067,784. A 12/1962 Gorman (73) Assignee: Foamix Ltd., Rehovot (IL) 3,092.255. A 6, 1963 Hohman 3,092,555 A 6, 1963 Horn 3,141,821 A 7, 1964 Compeau (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 3,142,420 A 7/1964 Gawthrop patent is extended or adjusted under 35 3,144,386 A 8/1964 Brightenback U.S.C. 154(b) by 1180 days. 3,149,543 A 9, 1964 Naab 3,154,075 A 10, 1964 Weckesser 3,178,352 A 4, 1965 Erickson (21) Appl.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicological Review of Chlordane (Technical)
    TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW of CHLORDANE (TECHNICAL) (CAS No. 12789-03-6) In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) December 1997 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC TABLE OF CONTENTS Authors and Reviewers ...................................................... iv Foreword ................................................................ vii 1.0 Introduction ...........................................................1 2.0 Toxicokinetics Relevant to Assessments .....................................2 3.0 Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion, and Toxicokinetics .............3 4.0 Hazard Identification ....................................................5 4.1 Studies in Humans ....................................................5 4.1.1 Noncancer Effects in Humans .......................................5 4.1.2 Cancer Effects in Humans .........................................9 4.1.2.1 Case-control studies ........................................9 4.1.2.2 Occupational cohort studies .................................11 4.1.2.3 Case reports .............................................13 4.2 Subchronic and Chronic Studies and Cancer Bioassays in Animals—Oral and Inhalation ......................................................15 4.3 Reproductive/Developmental Studies—Oral and Inhalation .................... 26 4.4 Other Toxicologically Relevant Studies ...................................30 4.4.1 Mechanistic Studies .............................................30 4.4.2 Genotoxicity ..................................................30
    [Show full text]
  • Aldrin and Dieldrin
    PENTACHLOROPHENOL AND SOME RELATED COMPOUNDS VOLUME 117 This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 4–11 October 2016 LYON, FRANCE - 2019 IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS ALDRIN AND DIELDRIN 1. Exposure Data “Dieldrin” is most commonly used to mean HEOD with a purity of > 85%, except in Denmark 1.1 Identification of the agents and the countries of the former Soviet Union, where it is the name given to pure HEOD (IPCS, 1.1.1 Nomenclature 1989; WHO, 2003). (a) Aldrin 1.1.2 Chemical and physical properties of the Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: 309-00-2 pure substances IUPAC Systematic Name: (a) Aldrin (1R,4S,4αS,5S,8R,8αR)-1,2,3,4,10,10- Cl Cl hexachloro-1,4,4α,5,8,8α-hexahydro-1,4:5,8- dimethanonaphthalene (HHDN) H H Cl Synonyms: 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-1,4,4α,5,8,8α- hexahydro-exo-1,4-endo-5,8-dimethano- naphtalene; HHDN (ATSDR, 2002) Cl H Cl H “Aldrin” is most commonly used to mean H2 HHDN with a purity of > 95%, except in Cl Denmark and the countries of the former Soviet Molecular formula: C H Cl Union, where it is the name given to pure HHDN 12 8 6 (IPCS, 1989, WHO, 2003). Relative molecular mass: 364.91 (b) Dieldrin (b) Dieldrin Cl Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: 60-57-1 Cl IUPAC Systematic Name: H H Cl H (1R,4S,4αS,5R,6R,7S,8S,8αR)-1,2,3,4,10,10- O hexachloro-1,4,4α,5,6,7,8,8α-octahydro- Cl 6,7-epoxy-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene H Cl (HEOD) H H Cl Synonyms: 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy- H2 1,4,4α,5,6,7,8,8α-octa-hydro-1,4-endo,exo- Molecular formula: C H Cl O 5,8-dimethanonaphtalene; HEOD 12 8 6 193 IARC MONOGRAPHS – 117 Relative molecular mass: 380.91 concentrates, wettable powders, dusts, granules, Table 1.1 summarizes the chemical and phys- and mixtures with fertilizers (IARC, 1974).
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicity of DDT, Dieldrin, Malathion and Fenthion to Rhodnius Prolixus in the Laboratory * by IRVING Fox and ILEANA G
    974 NOTES Toxicity of DDT, Dieldrin, Malathion and Fenthion to Rhodnius prolixus in the Laboratory * by IRVING Fox and ILEANA G. BAYONA, School of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, and HELDA ISABEL OROZCO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia Extensive published data on Rhodnius prolixus 11 first-stage and second-stage nymphs brought to cover its distribution and epidemiological role in the School of Tropical Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Chagas' disease in Venezuela," extradomiciliary Rico, by one of us (H.I.O.) on 18 May 1962. These habits,b resistance to practical chemical control specimens originated from a colony in the Facultad efforts,c insect parasites,d life-cycle in the labor- de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, atory,e, f, ' and effects of radiation on reproduc- Colombia. Concerning this colony, Dr Marcos tion.h, In marked contrast there is a lack of Restrepo I. wrote as follows, in a letter dated toxicological knowledge as derived from laboratory 18 January 1966: tests developed by Busvine & LienJ and by the The strain of Rhodnius prolixus we have in our depart- WHO Expert Committee on Insecticides." It is ment was provided out of one established in BogotA important to obtain this kind of information about from specimens found in various parts of the country, different strains of this serious pest because some especially in the Western Llanos of Colombia and the experts, in their master plans for the control of Department of North Santander. The colony has been Chagas' disease, have contemplated the widespread established for some years (more than 10).
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticides in Paradise Hawai‘I’S Health & Environment at Risk
    PESTICIDES IN PARADISE HAWAI‘I’S HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT AT RISK HAWAI‘I M AY 2 0 1 5 ABOUT CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY (CFS) is a non-profit public interest and environmental advocacy membership organization established in 1997 for the purpose of challenging harmful food production technologies and promoting sustainable alternatives. CFS combines multiple tools and strategies in pur- suing its goals, including litigation and legal petitions for rulemaking, legal support for various sustainable agriculture and food safety constituencies, as well as public education, grassroots organizing and media outreach. For over a decade, CFS has worked alongside Hawai‘i organizations and advocates to advance the vision of a safer, healthier food system. Since opening the Honolulu office in 2014, CFS has provided legal and scientific advice to activists, worked with the legislature, convened workshops and conferences, supported local farming, secured funding for our partners, and grown its Hawai‘i True Food network membership. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors: Bill Freese, Ashley Lukens, Ph.D. and Alexis Anjomshoaa Contributing Author: Sharon Perrone Copy Editing: Megan Blazak and Sharon Perrone Legal Consultant: Sylvia Wu Design: Sharon Perrone Figures: Patrick Riggs Report Advisor: Andrew Kimbrell Special Contributor: Fern A. Rosenstiel To view the Executive Summary and Abridged Report or access this report as a PDF, visit Center for Food Safety online at: www.centerforfoodsafety.org/reports 2 | HAWAI‘I CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY PESTICIDES IN
    [Show full text]
  • Aldrin and Dieldrin in Drinking-Water
    WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/73 English only Aldrin and Dieldrin in Drinking-water Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality © World Health Organization 2003 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use Preface One of the primary goals of WHO and its member states is that “all people, whatever their stage of development and their social and economic conditions, have the right to have access to an adequate supply of safe drinking water.” A major WHO function to achieve such goals is the responsibility “to propose ..
    [Show full text]