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Sonographic Terminology

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Sonographic Terminology 7/10/2009 Sonographic Terminology Understanding Normal Sonographic Appearances Normal Appearance . as well as abnormal appearances Provides a baseline There are variations in organ parenchyma, muscles, tissues, blood vessels, etc Part of your technical report complex masses with hyperechoic solid component, containing echo-free cystic areas 1 7/10/2009 What does anechoic mean? (i.e. sonolucent) 1. ___________________ 2. ___________________ 3. ___________________ What does hypoechoic mean? Echos not as __________ as _____________ tissues. 2 7/10/2009 Hypoechoic – Pathologic Examples What does hyperechoic mean? (i.e. echogenic) Echos __________ than ___________________ tissues. Degree of echogenicity depends on 1. the ___________of the structure, 2. its ____________from the sound beam, 3. the ___________at which the beam strikes the structure. Air and Bone – dense or not so dense? Variations to consider? 3 7/10/2009 Hyperechoic – Pathologic Examples Heterogenous and Homogenous 4 7/10/2009 5 7/10/2009 6 7/10/2009 Over Break . Body Habitus 7 7/10/2009 Body Habitus Asthenic- long torso, tall Asthenic--------> and thin patient Hyposthenic- relatively average build with slightly longer torso Sthenic- average build Hypersthenic Hypersthenic- short and ------------> stocky Anatomical Position Face forward Arms at sides Palms directed forward Standing Toes directed erect forward 8 7/10/2009 Abdominal Regions A-rt hypochondrium B-epigastrium C-lt hypochondrium A B C transpyloric D-rt lumbar plane E-umbilical D E F F-lt lumbar subcostal G-rt iliac plane H-hypogastrium G H I I-lt iliac Body Cavities 9 7/10/2009 Planes- Review A-Median Plane B-Sagittal Plane C-Coronal Plane D-Transverse Plane Planes- Median •The median plane is a longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal right and left parts •It is the specific longitudinal plane that courses along the midline plane 10 7/10/2009 Planes-Sagittal •Longitudinal plane dividing the body into right and left parts. •Sagittal Plane is parallel to the median plane http://www.madsci.org/~lynn/VH/sagittal2.qt.html Sagittal Image anterior sup inf posterior 11 7/10/2009 Planes- Transverse •The transverse plane is also referred to as a “cross-sectional” or an “axial” plane •It divides the body into upper and lower parts (or superior and inferior) •The transverse plane is 90 degrees from the sagittal or longitudinal plane http://www.netanatomy.com/CSA/csa_frame.htm Transverse Image anterior right left posterior 12 7/10/2009 Planes- Coronal •The coronal plane is a longitudinal plane dividing the body into front and back (or anterior and posterior) •The coronal plane is not typically used in abdominal imaging but it may be useful in situations when the normal anterior window is not effective Positions •Decub (lateral)- the body is a t a 90 degree angle to the table (RL- right lateral; LL- left lateral) •Oblique- the body is at a 45 degree angle to the table •A posterior oblique means that the specific shoulder is nearest to the table (ie RPO- right posterior oblique) •An anterior oblique (rarely used in ultrasound means that the clavicle or anterior shoulder is nearest to the table 13 7/10/2009 Right lateral decubitus Patient lies with right side of body down. Left lateral decubitus Patient lies with left side of body down. 14 7/10/2009 Trendelenberg and Fowler •Trendelenberg- the patient’s head is down and the feet are elevated (a modified trendelenberg is sometimes used if a patient becomes hypotensive) •Fowler (Reversed Trendelenberg)- the patient’s feet are down and the head is up Anatomic Terms Supine- laying face up Prone- lying face down Anterior- front Posterior- back Medial- toward the midline Lateral- away from the ml Inferior- (caudal)- toward the Superior-(cranial)- high or bottom; lower or below toward the top; above Proximal- close to the root of Distal- far from the root of the the structure structure Dorsal - Posterior Ventral - Anterior Superficial- Deep - Ipsilateral- same side Contralateral- opposite side 15 7/10/2009 Misc Abbreviations (There are about a thousand more) CC = chief complaint BP = blood pressure Dx = diagnosis FH = family history 16.
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