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Appendix B: Natural Resource Condition Maps of Exotic Species at FOLA

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Appendix B: Natural Resource Condition Maps of Exotic Species at FOLA National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Plant Community Composition and Structure Monitoring for Fort Laramie National Historic Site 2011-2015 Summary Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NGPN/NRR—2016/1149 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of long-term monitoring plot PCM_007 at Fort Laramie National Historic Site, 2015. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Long-term monitoring plot PCM-070 at Fort Laramie National Historic Site, 2014 Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service Plant Community Composition and Structure Monitoring for Fort Laramie National Historic Site 2011-2015 Summary Report Natural Resource Data Series NPS/NGPN/NRR—2016/1149 Isabel W. Ashton Christopher J. Davis National Park Service Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network 231 E. St. Joseph Street Rapid City, SD 57701 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from the Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/ngpn/), and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Ashton, I. W. and C. J. Davis. 2016. Plant community composition and structure monitoring for Fort Laramie National Historic Site: 2011-2015 summary report. Natural Resource Report NPS/NGPN/NRR—2016/1149. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS XXXXX375/131819, Month, March 2016 2016 ii Contents Page Figures................................................................................................................................................... iv Tables ..................................................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. vi Acknowledgments ...............................................................................................................................viii Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Sample Design ................................................................................................................................ 3 Plot Layout and Sampling .............................................................................................................. 3 Data Management and Analysis ..................................................................................................... 5 Reporting on Natural Resource Condition ..................................................................................... 7 Results and Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 8 Status & Trends in Community Composition and Structure of FOLA Prairies ............................. 8 Species Richness, Diversity, and Evenness ............................................................................. 12 The Influence of Climate on Plant Community Structure and Diversity ..................................... 15 Rare Plants .................................................................................................................................... 16 The Status of Riparian Forests in FOLA ...................................................................................... 17 Exotic Species in Riparian Forests .......................................................................................... 21 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................... 25 Appendix A: List of plant species found in 2011-2015 at FOLA ........................................................ 27 Appendix B: Natural Resource Condition Maps of Exotic Species at FOLA ..................................... 33 iii Figures Page Figure 1. Map of Fort Laramie National Historic Site and plant community monitoring plots. ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2. Long-term monitoring plot layout used for sampling vegetation in Fort Laramie National Historic Site. ............................................................................................................................ 4 Figure 3. The Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring vegetation crew used point- intercept (left panel) and quadrats (right panel) to document plant diversity and abundance. ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 4. Average cover by lifeform of native (green) and exotic (red) plants recorded in monitoring plots in Fort Laramie National Historic Site (2011-2015). ................................................. 8 Figure 5. The average absolute cover of the 10 most common native (green) and exotic (red) plants recorded at Fort Laramie National Historic Site, 2011-2015. ............................................ 9 Figure 6. Trends in the relative cover of exotic plants, smooth brome, and cheatgrass in Fort Laramie National Historic Site from 2011-2015. ........................................................................... 9 Figure 7. A photograph of long-term monitoring plot FOLA_PCM_009 which has a moderate diversity of native plant species. .......................................................................................... 13 Figure 8. Trends in native species richness and evenness in Fort Laramie National Historic Site, 2011-2015. ..................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 9.The relationship between native species richness and the relative cover of annual bromes in long-term monitoring plots in national park units of the Northern Great Plains, 1998-2015. ............................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 10. The total annual precipitation anomaly from 2000-2015 for Fort Laramie National Historic Site. .......................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 11. Photograph of Emory’s sedge (Carex emoryi), a critically imperiled (S1) species in Wyoming found in plant community monitoring plots at Fort Laramie National Historic Site. ........................................................................................................................................ 17 Figure 12. Map of the plant community types within the riparian area in Fort Laramie National Historic Site and the location of 20 long-term monitoring plots (red). Vegetation classification is based on the NPS Vegetation Mapping Program report (TNC 1998). ....................... 18 Figure 13.Size-class proportions of cottonwood (Populus) and willow (Salix) trees in riparian forests along the North Platte River in Nebraska in the 1850-1880s (bottom panels; from Johnson 1994) and along the Laramie
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