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2018 11 11 Shrubs Trees Flowers Pollination Pest Control 11/14/18 Special thanks to all of you and the Carolina Farm Stewardship Associa9on for suppor9ng healthy farms & communi9es!!! Shrubs, Trees, & Flowers for Xerces Society support also provided by: Pollination, Pest Management, Xerces Society Members USDA NRCS & Additional Income Cascadian Farm Ceres Trust Cheerios CS Fund Nancy Lee Adamson, Ph.D. Disney Conserva@on Fund Senior Pollinator Conservation Specialist, Xerces Society, The Dudley Founda@on Nature Valley Partner Biologist, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Endangered Species Chocolate, LLC. Sarah K. de Coizart Ar@cle TENTH Service, Greensboro, NC [email protected] or [email protected] Gaia Fund Perpetual Charitable Trust General Mills Turner Founda@on, Inc. Program copy & resources: Irwin Andrew Porter Founda@on The White Pine Fund https://tinyurl.com/CFSA2018Pollinators J.Crew Whole Foods Market and its Na@onal Co+op Grocers vendors helmeted squash bug nymph, Euthochtha galeator rose mallow bee, Ptilothrix Whole Systems Founda@on © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. Photo: Nancy Lee Adamson bombiformis, on okra Photo: Nancy Lee Adamson Xerces & NRCS partner to support The Xerces Society—Protecting the Life that Sustains Us Farm Bill Pollinator (& other beneficials) habitat provisions We are a nonprofit The Pollinator Team Pollinators a priority for all Whitted Bowers organization working to USDA land managers & Farm in Orange protect wildlife through the conservationists County, NC conservation of Encouraging inclusion of invertebrates and their pollinators in all USDA conservation programs-- habitat. adding diversity to plant mixes & promoting IPM at Some of us (including Nancy) NRCS are partner-biologists with the USDA Natural Resources Section 205.200 of the Conservation Service. National Organic Program regulations requires The Xerces blue butterfly, operations to maintain or Glaucopsyche xerces, was improve the natural resources of the operation, the first butterfly in the US bumble bee on annual including soil, water quality, known to go extinct due to sunflower, in the and biodiversity. habitat loss. strawberry patch Photo by Nancy Adamson Photo: ©Xerces blue butterfly by Kim Davis, Mike Strangeland & Andrew Warren http://plants.usda.gov/pollinators/nrcsdocuments.html © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 11/14/18 Outline & Objectives Na1ve Plant Resources Theme: Tools for enhancing diversity • Native plant resources • Pollinator & wildlife update—your plantings & plant purchases matter!!! • Pollinator, predator, & parasitoid basics • Solitary vs. social • Nesting, food, shelter • Protection from pesticides • Video: Pollinators through the growing season • Diverse native hedgerow at NC A&T planting syrphid fly (aka hover or • Plant highlights & resources flower fly) adult eating • Plant diversity=insect diversity black willow, Salix nigra, (3D structure & species diversity) pollen and maybe nectar • Additional resources pipevine swallowtail bu;erfly visi1ng Turk’s cap lily on the © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. Blue Ridge Parkway Photo: Nancy Lee Adamson Photo by Nancy Adamson NC Pollinator Conservation Alliance http://ncpollinatoralliance.org Pollinator Paradise in Pittsboro, NC, with Debbie Roos, NC Extension Pollinator tours and MISSION STATEMENT workshops throughout the growing season, To support the health and along with lots of other diversity of pollinators in terrific programs and North Carolina through info. protection, restoration and creation of pollinator habitat Partners: Apiopolis, Burt’s Bees, Virtual tours with her Duke Energy, Nature Conservancy, NC Audubon, NC Botanical Garden, wonderful photos NC Cooperative Extension, NC available 24/7! Department of Agriculture, NC Farm Bureau, NC State University, NC Wildlife Federation, NC Wildlife Resources Commission, NC Zoo, PineGate Renewables, RAFI, Strata Plant lists: native Solar, Syngenta, UNC Greensboro, plants, cover crops… NC Wildlife Action Plan UNCG, US Fish & Wildlife Service, http://www.ncwildlife.org/plan USDA NRCS, Xerces Society Photo: Debbie Roos Photo: Phil Hauck https://growingsmallfarms.ces.ncsu.edu © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 11/14/18 NC Audubon has excellent native plant list! The Xerces Society: Pollinator Publications and Outreach These 3 and others in http://nc.audubon.org/birdfriendlynativeplantslists collaboration with the National Agroforestry Center © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. Pollinator Conservation Resource Center Region-specific Information from Xerces, Cooperative Extension, USDA-NRCS, NGO, and other sources, including: • Regional plant Lists • Conservation Guides • Nest construction guides • Links to identification guides • Pesticide Guidelines • Native Plant Nursery Directory www.xerces.org/pollinator-resource-center Bee City USA is a volunteer-run organization that recently joined forces with Xerces. Asheville, NC, was the 1st Bee City USA affiliate in nation. Raleigh, Carrboro, and Durham are all Bee Cities. © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. Nash Community College is the closest Bee Campus USA. 3 11/14/18 Nectar sources c/o Wikipedia Additional Resources: The USDA-NRCS • Core Programs for Pollinators Natural Resources • EQIP, CRP, CSP Conservation Service • Tech Note 78 • Technical Assistance • Using Farm Bill Programs for Pollinator Conserva@on • Financial Support for • Prac9ces for Pollinators Conservation • Forest stand improvement • Prescribed burning Find out more at: • Prescribed grazing www.nrcs.usda.gov • Tree/Shrub Establishment • Conserva@on Cover http://plants.usda.gov/ • Hedgerow Plan@ng //plants.usda.gov/ • Early Successional Habitat Development/ pollinators/ Management NRCSdocuments.html • Riparian forest buffer • Alley cropping • Silvopasture http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/ European paper wasp, Polistes OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=37370.wba dominula, on red maple, Acer rubrum h]ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_American_nectar_sources_for_honey_bees © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. Photo: Nancy Adamson Pollen sources c/o Wikipedia Pollinator & Wildlife Update Buckeye bu;erfly caterpillar mining bee (left), European honey bee (right) Photos: Nancy Adamson on one of its host plants, gerardia, Agalinus purpurea https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_American_nectar_sources_for_honey_bees Photo by Nancy Adamson 4 11/14/18 European* honey bees & monarch declines have raised awareness & interest in helping Bugs drive the system —native bees most effective pollinators European honey bees (Apis mellifera) are non- Insects & other arthropods are the base of our food webs na@ves introduced in the 1600s. Pollinator- Pollinator habitat Pollinators are produced fruits European supports other food for other honey bee and seeds wildlife, such as wildlife comprise 25% of songbirds the global bird and mammal diets na@ve bees Bear photo: © Sierra Vision Stock; other photos: Nancy Adamson Photos: honey bee and native bees on wingstem (Verbesina alternifolia), monarchs on oyamel fir in Mexico by Nancy Adamson Bringing Nature Home by Doug Tallamy & Noah’s Garden by Sara Stein *European honey bees were introduced to the Americas in the 1600s &1700s, © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. probably more for wax for candles and waterproofing than for honey © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. 90% of wild plant species rely on pollinators for reproduction. Many species rely on those plants for 2016 UN report highlights continued threats to pollinators & food supply food and shelter. 75% of world food crops depend on animal Saint Francis’ Satyr (Neonympha mitchellii francisci), a rare pollination, as do many forage crops, biofuel oils, Large scale loss of species in North Carolina due to loss of wet meadow habitat. fibers, medicines, and construction materials. pollinator diversity We rely on pollinated plants for healthy air & water. • 16.5% of vertebrate pollinators threatened with extinction globally. • >40% of invertebrate pollinator species Ollerton, J., R. Winfree, and S. Tarrant. 2011. How facing extinction, many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? a green metallic sweat bee particularly bees & Oikos 120: 321-326. doi: 10.1111/j. on whorled milkweed, butterflies 1600-0706.2010.18644.x. Asclepias verticillata NC Wildlife Action Plan Potts, S.G., J.C. Biesmeijer, C. Kremen, P. http://www.ncwildlife.org/planPhoto: Phil Hauck Photo: Brian Hudgens (c/o Wikimedia) Neumann, O. Schweiger, and W. E. Kunin. 2010. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Global pollinator delines: trends, impacts and http://www.ipbes.net/article/press-release-pollinators-vital-our-food-supply-under-threat drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evoluntion. 25(6): © 2017 The Xerces Society, Inc. All rights reserved. 345-353. Photo: Nancy Adamson 5 11/14/18 Other wildlife depend directly & indirectly on pollinators Overall decline in wildlife populations around the globe Doug Tallamy estimates the adult chickadees feed 52% drop between about 5,000 1970 and 2010 in caterpillars to raise populations of birds, one clutch of mammals, reptiles, chickadee babies (4 amphibians, and fish chicks) around the globe. World Wide Fund for Nature and Zoological Society
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