www.YoYoBrain.com - Accelerators for Memory and Learning Questions for Art History Baroque-Pop Art

Category: Art History - (38 questions) -The Calling of St. Matthew by Caravaggio, Baroque, Seventeenth Century, Rome -Chiaroscuro, mixes old people with young people, incorporates individual aspects into this painting as Caravaggio used real people as models, fresco on a church wall, developes a unique and personal style of having a very commonplace setting with everyday figures wearing current clothing -always has a single light source coming from outside the frame, this symbolizes illuminating a world of darkness with the spirit of Christ, furthers the spiritual message -Christ is very indistinct and he is almost out of the frame, he is only distinguishable by the small non-distinct halo, he is pointing to St. Matthew who looks very surprised, his hand is very similar to Adam in The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo. This connects Christ to Adam which makes sense because as Adam was responsible for the fall of Man, Christ was responsible for human salvation -St. Matthew looks very surpised as he is summoned by Christ to a higher calling, his face is highlighted by the ray of light, he is pointing to himself in disbelief as if he doesnt believe it, - Pollock, Number I, Late Twentieth Century (Post World War II) "Lavendar Mist" oil/enamel/aluminum paint -New York School, -movement called abstract expressionism because it was a combination of expressionism and abstract art, very widespread because of unity between critics and artists -Pollock would throw paint on, drip it, and paint in ways that did not let his brush touch the canvas, he wanted to seperate the artist from the painting, no visual brushstrokes, action painting, "gestural abstraction" style of painting -no set goals in treatment in surface treatment, chance/improvasitation, -NO 3D, embraced 2D therefore painted on the floor not a canvas

- Fragonard, The Swing, France, 18th Century, Rococo -style painting leisure, rococo long lived -woman in the swing being pushed by a priest, kicking off her shoes into the bushes where a man is looking up her skirt, adds to drama -lighthearted subject matter, frilly dress, -lots of light, reflection, and texture -little focus on anatomical accuracy, waist/proportions are off - Velsaquez, Las Meninas, Spain, Seventeenth Century Baroque -King of Spains court painter, painting of the young princess surrounded by attendents including dwarfs which was common at this time period -extremely complex story with who the characters are and how they are relating to each other, center is Princess Margaurite and her attendents and on the left is Velasque his Order of the Chamberlin Outfit with the red cross, and in the mirror/a painting behind him is the king and queen where the audience would be standing which connects us to the painting -informal casual arrangement

-Rembrandt, Night Watch, Netherlands, Seventeenth Century Baroque -tenebrism- even contrast from light to dark -painting of local militia in Amsterdam against Spain, part of Protestant Reformation, leaders of the militia group would commission these works in order to show themselves, each character would pay a different amount which corresponded to how prominently they would be displayed -out on duty/in motion, realism shown with drummers

- Rubens, ,The Lion Hunt, Netherlands, Seventeenth Century Baroque -Shows forshortening to show depth, exotic scene from somewhere else NOT Netherlands -official painter for royal courts - very colorful, action packed, interesting poses and body positioning -very influential style which put an end to gothic art Aetemesia Gentileschi, Judith and Holofernes, Rome, Seventeenth Century Baroque -female artist, influenced by Carvaggio, single light source, highlights heighten the drama, chirascuro -very realistic style, used many female heros, involving a strong female heroine killing a suitor which leds the Jews to victory -very action packed, in the middle of the murder cutting off head, drama

-Kauffmann, Cornelia Presenting her Children as her Treasures, 18th Century NeoClassicism - enlightenment era's fascination with classical art can be seen in this painting, -subject is an infromative exemplum virtutius (example or model of virtue) drawn from greek and roman history -used live models but put them in a roman setting/outfits -subject is Cornelia and her two sons who grow up to rule Rome , her personality is shown here because a lady visitor came and requested her to show of her fine jewels, Instead of getting, her jewerly Cornelia showed her sons. -architecture is strongly Roman, no Rococo motif in background but instead in charm and grace, arrangement of the figure and the lighting

-David, Oath of the Horatii, Paris, Neo Classicism, 18th Century - depiction of story from ancient roman, portraying an ancient story of pre-battle -men on the left are three brothers and the central figure is the father, swearing to him that defend Rome -women are torn because they have family on both side of the war and will ultimately lose someone on either side, war is a tough descision but you should choice your hometown, patriotism and sacrifice at the time of the Neopolonic Wars -classical costumes and architecture - Ingres, Grande Odalisque, France, Early Nineteenth Century, Romanticism - the reclining female nude is a subject that goes back to classical antiquity but Ingres adapted it by adding a Turkish feel to conicide with the current fascination with the exotic -painted in a very flat and linear style, like a low relief sculpture, -influenced by Raphael

- Goya, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, Etching, Spain, Romanticism, Early Nineteenth Century -dramatic, depicted himself asleep while threatening creatures converge on him, work reveals his commitment to the Romantic spirit- the unleashing of imagination, emotions, and nightmares -exploring ideas of the exotic as well as fantasy -reflection of his dismissal of Neoclassical Art -owls are the symbol of folley and the bats are the symbol of ignorance meaning this could be a portrayal of what happens when reason is supressed and is therefore promoting the Enlightenment

-Courbet, The Stone Breakers, Late Nineteenth Century, Paris -leading figure in the realist movement, using a palette of dirty browns/greys he conveyed the dreary and dismal nature of menial labor in 19th century France --rejection of illusionism, saw things for how they were, -used a palette knife to add large daubs of paint quickly on the painting, rough surface, very crude/basic style of painting -very criticized at this time period Millet, The Gleaners, France, Realism, Early 19th Century -specialized in depictions of French country life -showed realistic views of life such as women picking up remainders left in field after the Harvest -placed his figures in the foreground and in the background included a very flat horizon, haystacks, cottages, trees, and distant workers with a flat horizon -crticized for painting the poor with a solemn grandeur by the upper classes -middle class linked with newly defined working class which scared upper classes -Millets depiction of the poor came off as a poltical manifesto

-Manet, Olympia, Paris, Late Nineteenth Century, Realism, -dark sharp outlining that is to help define the painting as well as make it look flat and therefore remind the audience that this is a painting, subject is an imaginary person based on a high society, urban prositute -very open in her gaze and positioning in order to look at the client which is in the space the audience is, made people feel uncomfortable, -Olympia is a stage name that connects her to greek/roman art ad well as the similaries with Titian's Venus of Urbino -her accessories further the idea that she isn't wearing any clothes, engages directly with the viewer -percieved the courtesean and the black maid as moral depravity and animal sexuality

-Picasso, Still Life with Caning, Spainish in Paris, Cubism, Early Twentieth Century (Pre-WWII) -the goal of this still life was to challenge the viewers perspective of reality as it relates to still lifes -constructed from other objects and shapes cut out from paper or other materials to represent parts of a subject, in this painting Picasso included an oil cloth pasted on the canvas after it was imprinted with a pattern of a chair seat, the chair seat pattern looks very realistic yet it is only an illusion of a chair seat -conflicting with ideas of abstract art and what should be considered real -includes the letters "jOU" like many other cubist paintings which could either refer to the headline of the daily French newspaper or for the French words for "to play" and"to enjoy" -framed with a piece of rope

Arp, Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, Dada Early Twentieth Century (Pre World War 2) - this figure was made by Arp ripping up some pieces of paper and haphazardly dropping them on to the canvas and the chance of this led to the imbalanced rectangular shape -the chance method connected to the ideas of philosophers of this time and gave this work more meaning -adoption of chance was done in order to restore art to what it used to be - his reliance on change further cemented the anarchy and subverisivness in Dada Art - Duchamp, Fountain, Dada, Early Twentieth Century (Pre WW2), Urinal - made from a ready-made item (urinal) with the simple signature R.Mutt 1917 on it that was presented in its back -he believed his works were free from consideration of whether they were good or bad taste -the artists signature was a sign that if anything can be art if an artist says it is, the signature was a pseudonym derived from the Mott Plumbing Company's name as well as the comic strip Mutt and Jeff. -His exhibit forced people to see everyday objects as art

-Magritte, The Treachery of Images, Netherlands, Surrealism, Early Twentieth Century (Pre WW2) - this work challenges the viewer's reliance on the conscious and rational reading of visual art by having a very realistic pipe followed by the sentance " this is not a pipe." -disturbance because it disrupts our thoughts of logic, common sense, and rationality -cannot rely on logic to understand Surrealist art -challenges our assumptions of taking art literally, he is right this is not an actual pipe but rather an image of a pipe

-Vigge-Lebrun, Self Portrait, France, 18th Century, Enlightenment, - paused from her work, looking directly at viewer, paints herself painting the likeness of Marie Antoinette -mood is lighthearted but nothing else is reminsence of the Rococo style -shows self-confident woman who's artisitc abilities won her an independent role in her society -ideals of independence which ties into the enlightenment, lack of frivolty