DOCSLIB.ORG

The Journal of the Association for Journalism Education

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Journalism Education ISSN: 2050-3903 Journalism Education The Journal of the Association for Journalism Education Volume Nine, No: Two December 2020 Page 2 Journalism Education Volume 9 number 2 Journalism Education Journalism Education is the journal of the Association for Journalism Education a body representing educators in HE in the UK and Ireland. The aim of the journal is to promote and develop analysis and understanding of journalism education and of journalism, particu- larly when that is related to journalism education. Editors Sallyanne Duncan, University of Strathclyde Chris Frost, Liverpool John Moores University Stuart Allan, Cardiff University Reviews editor: Tor Clark, de Montfort University You can contact the editors at [email protected] Editorial Board Chris Atton, Napier University Olga Guedes Bailey, Nottingham Trent University David Baines, Newcastle University Guy Berger, UNESCO Jane Chapman, University of Lincoln Martin Conboy, Sheffield University Ros Coward, Roehampton University Stephen Cushion, Cardiff University Susie Eisenhuth, University of Technology, Sydney Ivor Gaber, University of Sussex Roy Greenslade, City University Mark Hanna, Sheffield University Michael Higgins, Strathclyde University John Horgan, Ireland Sammye Johnson, Trinity University, San Antonio, USA Richard Keeble, University of Lincoln Mohammed el-Nawawy, Queens University of Charlotte An Duc Nguyen, Bournemouth University Sarah Niblock, CEO UKCP Bill Reynolds, Ryerson University, Canada Ian Richards, University of South Australia Verica Rupar, Auckland University of Technology Prasun Sonwalkar, University of the West of England Linda Steiner, University of Maryland, USA Kate Wright, Edinburgh University Sonja Merljak Zdovc, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia EditorialArticles Volume 9 number 2 Journalism Education page 3 Volume Nine number Two: Contents This special edition of Journalism Education examines the issues of gender and the media from the recruit- ment of students to journalism programmes to the gendered choice of news in our media. The editors are extremely grateful for the hard work and energy of our guest editors, Elisabeth Eide and Gita Bamezai and their contributors for producing an absorbing and timely edition of Journalism Education. Introduction Building gender literacy: improving gender perspectives in journalism studies 6 Elisabeth Eide, Oslo Metropolitan University and Gita Bamezai, Indian Institute of Mass Communication Articles Learning and teaching gender in the digital age: insights and reflections on the 19 AGEMI project. Karen Ross, Newcastle University, UK and Claudia Padovani, University of Padova, Italy Combating exclusion: gender issues in journalism education of Nepal. Samiksha 31 Koirala, Nepal Open University Gender in journalism education: addressing shortfalls in male students’ enrol- 43 ment at a media department in Uganda. Aisha Sembatya Nakiwala, Makerere University and Florence Namasinga Selnes, independent researcher Dis-included and distorted: the plight of racialised women in both the news and 54 in newsrooms. Hani Yousuf, South Asian journalist Books and reviews 64 EditorialArticles Page 4 Journalism Education Volume 9 number 2 Contributors Gita Bamezai Gita Bamezai: Gita Bamezai (Ph.D.) is former Dean, Academic Affairs and Head, Communication Research of Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC), New Delhi. She coordinated first-ever CASP public health journalism programme offered by IIMC in collaboration with Oxford University, UNICEF, GIGH and Thomson Reuters Foundation. As the regional research coordinator, Bamezai led the SWAN study on Status of Women in Media in South Asia comprising of nine countries, and coordinated the ICSSR study on Women in News and Entertainment Media in India. She taught Journalism and guided research at central university of BHU and National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, India. Professor Bamezai is alumna of Salzburg Seminar, Austria and East West Centre, Hawaii, USA. ([email protected]). Elisabeth Eide Elisabeth Eide ([email protected]) is Professor Emerita (PhD) in Journalism studies at OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, as well as an author and a journalist. She has worked extensively with journalism and climate change - conflict coverage, as well as media and marginalization of women and other groups. She has published or co-published 30 books, and a considerable number of research articles and chapters. She has received the Norwegian Media Researcher Association’s communication prize as well as their honourable award, and Norwegian PEN’s award for work on Freedom of Expression. She has also worked as visiting professor at the University of Bergen and Université Pantheon Assas, Paris. Samiksha Koirala Samiksha Koirala is a lecturer at Nepal Open University. She earned her Ph.D. in Journalism from the University of Oslo in 2018. Her publications and research interest are in the area of gender and journalism, media representations, the safety of journalists, and digital harassments. Koirala has around 10 years of experience in journalism. Aisha Sembatya Nakiwala Aisha Sembatya Nakiwala Ph.D (https://jocom.mak.ac.ug/user/55/about%20Me) is a lecturer in the Depart- ment of Journalism and Communication at Makerere University. Her research interests are in media, com- munication, and social change. She has worked on projects in gender in media and communication as well as fellowships from the Swedish International Development Agency and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Claudia Padovani Claudia Padovani is Associate Professor in Political Science and International Relations at the University of Padova, Italy. She has published extensively on gender and communication policy, communication rights and social justice. She is co-editor of Gender, Media and ICTs: new approaches for research, education and training (UNESCO, 2019). She co-chairs the UNESCO University Network on Gender Media and ICTs and is an active member of the UNESCO-supported Global Alliance for Media and Gender (GAMAG). Claudia Padovani [email protected] Karen Ross Karen Ross is Professor of Gender and Media in the School of Arts and Cultures, Newcastle University, UK. She has published widely on issues of gender, politics, media and society including aspects of social media and political communication. Her most recent monograph is Gender, Politics, News (2017, Wiley Blackwell) and she is the managing editor of a major new reference work, the International Encyclopedia EditorialArticles Volume 9 number 2 Journalism Education page 5 of Gender, Media and Communication (Wiley Blackwell, 2020). Karen Ross [email protected] Florence Namasinga Selnes Florence Namasinga Selnes, Ph.D ( https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5266-6363) is a media, journalism, and communications professional and educator with over 10 years’ experience in research, teaching and con- sultancy. Her research interests include journalism, ICTs and social media, media and gender, media and democracy and political communication. Hani Yousuf Hani Yousuf is a journalist and writer with a decade of experience working on race, migration, culture and gender. She has lived in, and reported from, the USA, Europe and South Asia and has worked to improve the conditions of racialised and migrant women in Western newsrooms. Yousuf is an alumna of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in New York, USA. EditorialArticles Page 6 Journalism Education Volume 9 number 2 Introduction Guest editors Elisabeth Eide and Gita Bamezai examine the issue of gender literacy and seek to improve gen- der perspectives in media and journalism studies pro- grammes in particular. Building gender literacy Elisabeth Eide, Oslo Metropolitan University and Gita Bamezai, the Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC). Abstract This article presents a variety of angles from which to study and teach gender perspectives in journalism stud- ies. It includes representation, both quantitatively and qualitatively, focusing on under-representation and ste- reotypes. It presents features of news outlet leadership and staff composition as well as gendered division of la- bour within the newsroom, and it addresses deep-root- ed journalistic and academic cultures, which may serve as an obstacle for women entering the profession, both in news media and within institutions of higher learning. Furthermore, it addresses the need to be inventive and creative in addressing the challenges posed by these tra- ditions, not least the challenge of digital media with their new opportunities both for development and misogyny. Articles Volume 9 number 2 Journalism Education page 7 It concludes with some recommendations for educators within the field, supplementing the four contributions of this special issue. Key words: gender mainstreaming, gendered journalism, journalist education, marginaliza- tion, misrepresentation. Improving gender perspectives in journalism studies Marginalization and misrepresentation have been recurring issues in media critique, and in this issue/volume, we ask whether institutions educating journalists and media professionals take this seriously, and highlight a variety of ways to address the intersection of gender and journalism in higher education. Oftentimes, when the gender concept is applied, there is a tacit understanding that it is mainly about wom- en, also in journalism and journalism studies. Historically, as this issue also shows, most of the time, gender issues are raised by women, be it within
Recommended publications
  • Celebrities As Political Representatives: Explaining the Exchangeability of Celebrity Capital in the Political Field

    Celebrities As Political Representatives: Explaining the Exchangeability of Celebrity Capital in the Political Field

    Celebrities as Political Representatives: Explaining the Exchangeability of Celebrity Capital in the Political Field Ellen Watts Royal Holloway, University of London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Politics 2018 Declaration I, Ellen Watts, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Ellen Watts September 17, 2018. 2 Abstract The ability of celebrities to become influential political actors is evident (Marsh et al., 2010; Street 2004; 2012, West and Orman, 2003; Wheeler, 2013); the process enabling this is not. While Driessens’ (2013) concept of celebrity capital provides a starting point, it remains unclear how celebrity capital is exchanged for political capital. Returning to Street’s (2004) argument that celebrities claim to speak for others provides an opportunity to address this. In this thesis I argue successful exchange is contingent on acceptance of such claims, and contribute an original model for understanding this process. I explore the implicit interconnections between Saward’s (2010) theory of representative claims, and Bourdieu’s (1991) work on political capital and the political field. On this basis, I argue celebrity capital has greater explanatory power in political contexts when fused with Saward’s theory of representative claims. Three qualitative case studies provide demonstrations of this process at work. Contributing to work on how celebrities are evaluated within political and cultural hierarchies (Inthorn and Street, 2011; Marshall, 2014; Mendick et al., 2018; Ribke, 2015; Skeggs and Wood, 2011), I ask which key factors influence this process.
  • Making Women Visible B2 B2+

    Making Women Visible B2 B2+

    Making women visible B2 B2+ Instead of accompanying her colleague Anne McClain on a spacewalk, NASA astronaut Christina Koch (centre) found herself assisting McClain and astronaut Nick Hague (left) into their spacesuits on 22 March 2019. Nasa 1 In March, 2019, NASA created a lot of publicity around the first all-female spacewalk by astronauts on the International Space Station. For the first time, two women would venture outside the station together to carry out repairs. Then the agency had to embarrassingly cancel the walk — because the ISS only had one spacesuit that would fit 5 women. This was a particularly public manifestation Most products are made of a depressingly common phenomenon. for a standard male, known According to Caroline Criado Perez’s new 15 as a 50th percentile male in book Invisible Women, we live in a world the U.S.A.: 1.77m tall and 10 that is literally made for men. And the 76kg in weight. And most results of that vary from annoying to data on risks is collected downright dangerous. about the standard male www.speakeasy-news.com - June 2019 B2 B2+ Making women visible - article & questionnement 1 20 (for example the risks of exposure to breasts. Not only is that uncomfortable, it chemicals in the work environment). 60 means the vests rise up on women, leaving Often, even if a manufacturer wanted to them unprotected around the waist. take women (or non-white people) into consideration, there is no data to base Help: 1. risk 25 changes on. CALLING SIRI But even if there is data, it doesn’t It’s not just men’s size that is used as a necessarily get taken into account.
  • The Corrosive Impact of Transgender Ideology

    The Corrosive Impact of Transgender Ideology

    The Corrosive Impact of Transgender Ideology Joanna Williams The Corrosive Impact of Transgender Ideology The Corrosive Impact of Transgender Ideology Joanna Williams First published June 2020 © Civitas 2020 55 Tufton Street London SW1P 3QL email: [email protected] All rights reserved ISBN 978-1-912581-08-5 Independence: Civitas: Institute for the Study of Civil Society is a registered educational charity (No. 1085494) and a company limited by guarantee (No. 04023541). Civitas is financed from a variety of private sources to avoid over-reliance on any single or small group of donors. All the Institute’s publications seek to further its objective of promoting the advancement of learning. The views expressed are those of the authors, not of the Institute. Typeset by Typetechnique Printed in Great Britain by 4edge Limited, Essex iv Contents Author vi Summary vii Introduction 1 1. Changing attitudes towards sex and gender 3 2. The impact of transgender ideology 17 3. Ideological capture 64 Conclusions 86 Recommendations 88 Bibliography 89 Notes 97 v Author Joanna Williams is director of the Freedom, Democracy and Victimhood Project at Civitas. Previously she taught at the University of Kent where she was Director of the Centre for the Study of Higher Education. Joanna is the author of Women vs Feminism (2017), Academic Freedom in an Age of Conformity (2016) and Consuming Higher Education, Why Learning Can’t Be Bought (2012). She co-edited Why Academic Freedom Matters (2017) and has written numerous academic journal articles and book chapters exploring the marketization of higher education, the student as consumer and education as a public good.
  • Intersectionality: T E Fourth Wave Feminist Twitter Community

    Intersectionality: T E Fourth Wave Feminist Twitter Community

    #Intersectionality: T e Fourth Wave Feminist Twitter Community Intersectionality, is the marrow within the bones of fem- Tegan Zimmerman (PhD, Comparative Literature, inism. Without it, feminism will fracture even further – University of Alberta) is an Assistant Professor of En- Roxane Gay (2013) glish/Creative Writing and Women’s Studies at Stephens College in Columbia, Missouri. A recent Visiting Fel- This article analyzes the term “intersectional- low in the Centre for Contemporary Women’s Writing ity” as defined by Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw (1989, and the Institute of Modern Languages Research at the 1991) in relation to the digital turn and, in doing so, University of London, Zimmerman specializes in con- considers how this concept is being employed by fourth temporary women’s historical fiction and contempo- wave feminists on Twitter. Presently, little scholarship rary gender theory. Her book Matria Redux: Caribbean has been devoted to fourth wave feminism and its en- Women’s Historical Fiction, forthcoming from North- gagement with intersectionality; however, some notable western University Press, examines the concepts of ma- critics include Kira Cochrane, Michelle Goldberg, Mik- ternal history and maternal genealogy. ki Kendall, Ealasaid Munro, Lola Okolosie, and Roop- ika Risam.1 Intersectionality, with its consideration of Abstract class, race, age, ability, sexuality, and gender as inter- This article analyzes the term “intersectionality” as de- secting loci of discriminations or privileges, is now the fined by Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw in relation to the overriding principle among today’s feminists, manifest digital turn: it argues that intersectionality is the dom- by theorizing tweets and hashtags on Twitter. Because inant framework being employed by fourth wave fem- fourth wave feminism, more so than previous feminist inists and that is most apparent on social media, espe- movements, focuses on and takes up online technolo- cially on Twitter.
  • The Internet of Garbage

    The Internet of Garbage

    1 The Internet of Garbage © 2015, 2018 by Sarah Jeong Cover and Illustrations by William Joel for The Verge, © 2018 Vox Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The Verge Edition 1.5 August 2018 Published by Vox Media, Inc. www.theverge.com ISBN: 978-0-692-18121-8 2 Table of Contents Preface ............................................... 4 Chapter One: The Internet Is Garbage .................. 6 A Theory of Garbage .......................................... 8 Spam as Garbage .............................................. 9 Chapter Two: On Harassment ........................... 12 Harassment in the News ...................................... 13 About That Media Narrative . ............................ 18 Is Harassment Gendered? ..................................... 20 Intersections of Harassment ................................. 21 On Doxing ................................................... 24 SWATting .................................................... 27 Doxing Women ................................................ 28 Concluding Thoughts on Doxing ............................... 30 A Taxonomy of Harassment .................................... 32 On Modern-Day Social Media Content Moderation ............... 35 What Happens Before: Setting Norms .......................... 38 Chapter Three: Lessons from Copyright Law ............ 40 The Intersection of Copyright and Harassment ................ 41 How the DMCA Taught Us All the Wrong Lessons ................ 44 Turning Hate Crimes into Copyright Crimes ................... 47 Chapter Four: A
  • Celebrity: How Entertainers Took Over the World and Why We Need an Exit Strategy Pdf

    Celebrity: How Entertainers Took Over the World and Why We Need an Exit Strategy Pdf

    FREE CELEBRITY: HOW ENTERTAINERS TOOK OVER THE WORLD AND WHY WE NEED AN EXIT STRATEGY PDF Marina Hyde | 256 pages | 19 May 2009 | Vintage Publishing | 9781846552595 | English | London, United Kingdom 29 of the Smartest Celebrities in the World | The Quad Magazine Hyde writes three articles each week for the paper, on current affairs, celebrity, and sport. Hyde began her career in journalism as a temporary secretary on the showbiz desk at The Sun newspaper. SinceHyde has worked at The Guardianat first writing the newspaper's Diary column. She contributes three columns a week: one on sport, one on celebrity, and one which is typically about politics. Her sport column appears on Thursday; her celebrity column is entitled Lost in Showbiz and appears in the G2 supplement each Friday. She has a regular serious column in the main section of The Guardian on Saturday, as well as a column in the "Weekend" supplement, in which she parodies a celebrity diary entry. This is entitled A Peek at the Diary of A libel action brought by Elton John against The Guardianin reaction to Hyde's spoof diary column "A peek at the diary of The judge, Mr Justice Tugendhatsaid that in this case "irony" and "teasing" do not amount to defamation. In NovemberThe Guardian was required to apologise to The Sun newspaper for an article in which Hyde had falsely Celebrity: How Entertainers Took Over the World and Why We Need an Exit Strategy the newspaper had visited the home of a Celebrity: How Entertainers Took Over the World and Why We Need an Exit Strategy of the legal team of the Leveson Inquiry.
  • Hugh Cudlipp Lecture

    Hugh Cudlipp Lecture

    Thank you very much for inviting me to deliver the Cudlipp Lecture and so follow in the footsteps of some first rate media figures. Not to mention Paul Dacre. I believe I am the first Cudlipp Lecturer to have won the Cudlipp Award, 24 years ago. I do not attach too much significance to winning as the main judge was Robert Maxwell and I won it for coverage of his mercy missions to save the starving in Ethiopia. It was quite a trip. As for the highlight – it’s hard to choose between these three; when he demanded a personal butler on arrival and was told by the manager of the Addis Hilton that there was something of a shortage of butlers during the famine; the hour long meeting it took to persuade him not to come to the famine stations with us, on the grounds that pictures of Captain Bob amid the starving might not be terribly good for his image; or the day he left for home early, with a note telling us "my work here is done. I have gone home to resolve the miners' strike." Mike Molloy, my first editor at the Mirror, delivered a great line when Hugh Cudlipp died ten years ago. “His heyday was his entire career." Of modern media figures of whom that might be said, like him or not, consider his influence good or bad, or both, Rupert Murdoch is the one who springs to mind, and stays there. Cudlipp was a name to inspire, his legend born not merely in Mirror sales figures of five million, but in the standards he expected.
  • Communicating in the Information Society

    Communicating in the Information Society

    communicatingcommunicating inin thethe ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ informationinformation societysociety edited by Bruce Girard and Seán Ó Siochrú ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ UNRISD UNITED NATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Communicating in the Information Society edited by Bruce Girard and Seán Ó Siochrú UNRISD UNITED NATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT This United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) book has been prepared with the support of UNRISD core funds. UNRISD thanks the governments of Denmark, Finland, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom for this funding. Copyright © UNRISD. Short extracts from this publication may be reproduced unaltered without authorization on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. UNRISD welcomes such applications. The designations employed in UNRISD publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNRISD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for opinions expressed rests solely with the author(s), and publication does not constitute endorsement by UNRISD. UNRISD publications are available from the Reference Centre, UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland; phone +41 (0)22 9173020; fax +41 (0)22 9170650; [email protected]; www.unrisd.org. ISBN 92-9085-045-0 Contents Authors iii Foreword vii Acronyms ix Introduction Seán Ó Siochrú and Bruce Girard 1 What About Gender Issues in the Information Society? Dafne Sabanes Plou 11 A Community Informatics for the Information Society William McIver, Jr.
  • Women's Aid Report Into Online Abuse, Harassment and Stalking

    Women's Aid Report Into Online Abuse, Harassment and Stalking

    VIRTUAL WORLD, REAL FEAR Women’s Aid report into online abuse, harassment and stalking www.womensaid.org.uk Report Author CONTENTS Clare Laxton Forewords 3 Polly Neate, Chief Executive, Women’s Aid With thanks to: Caroline Criado-Perez Defi nition of terms 5 Hilary Fisher Siân Hawkins Introduction 6 The links between online abuse and domestic violence 8 The impact of online abuse, harassment and stalking 10 Response of social media providers 13 Response of the police 14 Response of criminal justice agencies 15 Culture of misogyny 16 Support for survivors 18 Conclusion and recommendations 19 Acknowledgments Women’s Aid would like to thank everyone who attended the online stalking, harassment and abuse Production and Design: conference in September 2013 – without your Susannah Marwood contribution this report would not have been Published by: possible. Thank you also to Katie Ross for organising Women’s Aid Federation of England, the conference, the entire Women’s Aid staff for PO Box 391, Bristol, BS99 7WS making it possible and Avon for sponsoring the © Women’s Aid 2014 conference. ISBN 978-0-907817-77-2 Women’s Aid is the national domestic violence charity that supports a network of around 300 local services working to end domestic violence against women and children in England. Our member services are integrated domestic violence service providers delivering a range of holistic services for women experiencing domestic violence and their children. Keeping the voices of survivors at the heart of its work, Women’s Aid campaigns for better support for women and children, provides training and resources for professionals and delivers a package of vital 24 hour lifeline services through publications, websites and the National Domestic Violence Helpline (run in partnership with Refuge).
  • Sex and Power 2018 | April 2018 | ABOUT SEX and POWER

    Sex and Power 2018 | April 2018 | ABOUT SEX and POWER

    SEX & POWER 2018 HELEN JEWELL AND ANDREW BAZELEY, APRIL 2018 © The Fawcett Society 2018 Photo on pp 1 © Rachel Louise Brown Design D.R. ink www.d-r-ink.com FOREWORD If Millicent Fawcett were alive today, I wonder what she’d think about how far we’ve come. I like to think she’d be pleased to be having a statue erected of her in Parliament Square (alongside Winston Churchill, no less, who strongly opposed female suffrage). But how would she feel about the fact that it’s been one hundred years since we defeated the lie that women are biologically incapable of voting, and only now do we get the first statue (out of twelve) of a woman in Parliament Square? If she read the news, and saw how the world has been — and continues to be — rocked by lurid stories of what powerful men do to women, would she feel that we’ve lived up to the promise of the battle she spent her whole life fighting? How would she feel to hear about the abuse — the rape threats, the death threats, the dissection of their bodies and clothes — to which women have to submit as a price for having their voices heard in public? On reading the dismal figures outlined in this report would she reflect on this abuse — both physical and verbal — and reflect that perhaps, just maybe, formal, legal equality isn’t enough? That after 100 years, if formal equality was all it took, maybe more than 32% of MPs and 26% of cabinet members would be women? That maybe we’d have at least one female metro mayor? There are a few bright notes.
  • Axes of Power: Examining Women's Access to Leadership Positions In

    Axes of Power: Examining Women's Access to Leadership Positions In

    CHAPTER 5 Axes of power Examining women’s access to leadership positions in the news media Carolyn M. Byerly & Katherine A. McGraw 5.1 Comparing women’s standing in the news industry across the world This chapter examines factors associated with women’s occupational advancement within news organisations, as well as the relationship between their newsroom status and representation in news content. It seeks to expand what is known about women’s place in a profession that is essential in providing women greater visibility, a public voice, and expanded participation in civic and political life. Women across the globe have advocated for greater access to jobs in journalism, as well as for mobility within the profession, for more than a century. Their struggle and slow gains are reflected in feminist media studies that reveal the low extent to which women remain represented in the profession as well as in local, national, and international news stories (Byerly, 1995, 2011; Gallagher, 1987; Macharia, 2015). Although women have made significant strides as reporters and news presenters, the advance- ment to management and governance roles – the positions of power – has been significantly slower. Tuchman (1978a, 1978b), who called women’s absence in the news a problem of “symbolic annihilation” four decades ago, would also reveal the relationship between news invisibility, misrepresentation, and public perceptions of women’s roles in society. Tuchman was part of an early international chorus of feminist scholars and leaders pointing out that as long as newsrooms were men’s domain, and news practices privileged men’s priorities, there would be little change in women’s professional standing within the field or in the amount or content of news that circulated.
  • Trade Unionism, British Politics and the Media, 1945-1979 by Lucy Bell

    Trade Unionism, British Politics and the Media, 1945-1979 by Lucy Bell

    From Cooperation to Confrontation? Trade Unionism, British Politics and the Media, 1945-1979 By Lucy Bell A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Arts and Humanities Department of History February 2018 Some images have been redacted from this electronic copy due to copyright restrictions Acknowledgements Many thanks to Professor Adrian Bingham, who has guided this project with supreme patience and professionalism. He has answered all manner of vague emails and tangential questions with honesty and his feedback has always been thorough and clear. Thanks also to my secondary supervisor, Dr Sarah Miller-Davenport, for providing her thoughts and reflections during the final phases of writing. I am indebted to the number of friends and colleagues at the University of Sheffield who have provided me with ideas and suggestions. Thanks to my parents, Judith and Stuart, for their constant support and my brother Matt, particularly for his comprehensive knowledge of word processing tricks. The treasured friendship of Alex, Fiona and Lizzy has provided much needed laughter and encouragement. Most of all, thanks to my husband Tom, without whom I would not have started this project, let alone finished it. He has supplied me with love, conversation and coffee – three ingredients which were absolutely essential during the grey winter months of writing up. This work was supported by the Arts & Humanities Research Council (grant number AH/L503848/1) through the White Rose College of the Arts & Humanities. For my grandparents 2 Abstract Despite the media’s significant influence on British society’s transformation between 1945 and 1979, relatively little is understood about their effect on the mythologised decline of trade unionism.