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1 Competition in Music Education: a Mixed Method Study of the Iowa All-State Chorus Audition Process Jean Hickman a Dissertati

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1 Competition in Music Education: a Mixed Method Study of the Iowa All-State Chorus Audition Process Jean Hickman a Dissertati COMPETITION IN MUSIC EDUCATION: A MIXED METHOD STUDY OF THE IOWA ALL-STATE CHORUS AUDITION PROCESS JEAN HICKMAN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2015 1 © 2015 Jean A. Hickman 2 To my husband Daryl 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee chairperson, Dr. Russell Robinson, for his unflagging support and willingness to share his passion and his expertise. I would also like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Willard Kesling, who helped me to achieve greater artistry at the podium, and Dr. Leslie Odom, who ably served as my advisor at the University of Florida. Their support and enthusiasm has been tremendous. I would also like to thank Professor Richard Rose for serving on my committee. Last but definitely not least, I would like to thank my husband, Daryl, for serving as my confidant, friend, staunchest supporter and most meticulous critic. I could not have completed this study without him at my side. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 8 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 13 Background ............................................................................................................. 13 Purpose of the Study .............................................................................................. 15 Research Questions ............................................................................................... 17 Assumptions ........................................................................................................... 17 Limitations ............................................................................................................... 18 Definitions ............................................................................................................... 18 Outline of the Study ................................................................................................ 19 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................................................... 21 Background ............................................................................................................. 21 Competition in Music Education ....................................................................... 21 Competitive and Noncompetitive Performance Opportunities in Music Education ...................................................................................................... 25 Validity and Reliability of the All-State Audition as a Performance Assessment ................................................................................................... 28 Summative Versus Formative Assessment ...................................................... 29 Models of Assessment Reform ............................................................................... 31 All-State Choruses .................................................................................................. 34 A History ........................................................................................................... 34 An Overview of Audition Procedures ................................................................ 36 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 65 3 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 67 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 67 Mixed Method Design ....................................................................................... 68 Iowa All-State Chorus Audition Procedure ....................................................... 69 Participants ............................................................................................................. 71 Current Students .............................................................................................. 71 Graduates ......................................................................................................... 73 Choral Directors ............................................................................................... 77 5 Adjudicators ...................................................................................................... 78 Building Rapport ............................................................................................... 79 The Role of the Researcher .................................................................................... 80 Data Collection ....................................................................................................... 80 Interviews ......................................................................................................... 81 Focus Group Sessions ..................................................................................... 81 Online Discussion Board .................................................................................. 82 Observations .................................................................................................... 82 Online Journals ................................................................................................ 82 Questionnaires ................................................................................................. 83 Documents ....................................................................................................... 83 Timeline of Research .............................................................................................. 83 Analysis .................................................................................................................. 85 4 FINDINGS ............................................................................................................... 89 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 89 Themes ................................................................................................................... 89 The Effect of Competition on Self-efficacy Beliefs ............................................ 89 Qualitative evidence of self-efficacy ........................................................... 90 Quantitative evidence of self-efficacy ......................................................... 97 Fairness of Assessment ................................................................................... 99 Comments and Feedback .............................................................................. 101 Consistency .................................................................................................... 106 Rubrics ........................................................................................................... 109 The Audition as an Effective Form of Performance Assessment .................... 112 The Audition as an Assessment Instrument ................................................... 114 Audition Material ............................................................................................. 117 A Comparison of Audition Criteria .................................................................. 122 The Role of Singing in the Lives of Students .................................................. 124 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................... 126 Summary .............................................................................................................. 126 The Iowa All-State Audition Process ..................................................................... 126 Strengths of the Current Audition System ...................................................... 127 Recommendations for Change ....................................................................... 129 Summary .............................................................................................................. 139 Limitations of the Study......................................................................................... 139 Recommendations for Further Research .............................................................. 140 Changing Audition Parameters ....................................................................... 140 Toward an Improved All-State Audition Process ............................................ 143 6 APPENDIX A IRB PROTOCOL ................................................................................................... 145 B CONSENT AND ASSENT LETTERS ................................................................... 148 C INTERVIEW PROTOCOLS .................................................................................. 157 D WIKI SITE HOME PAGE ...................................................................................... 166 E SURVEY
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