DOCSLIB.ORG

Solen Sicarius Class: Bivalvia, Heterodonta Order: Veneroida the Sickle Razor Clam, Or Blunt Jacknife Clam Family: Solenidae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Solen Sicarius Class: Bivalvia, Heterodonta Order: Veneroida the Sickle Razor Clam, Or Blunt Jacknife Clam Family: Solenidae Phylum: Mollusca Solen sicarius Class: Bivalvia, Heterodonta Order: Veneroida The sickle razor clam, or blunt jacknife clam Family: Solenidae Description elongate, while the posterior is oblong Size: Individuals up to 125 mm in length (Oldroyd 1924). The pallial sinus is shallow (Haderlie and Abbott 1980; Kozloff 1993). (Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007) and the The illustrated specimen (from Coos Bay) is pallial line extends beyond the anterior 90 mm in length, which is the same size as adductor scar. In the illustrated specimen, reported type specimens (Oldroyd 1924; the line is a strong rib (Fig. 2), however there Ricketts and Calvin 1952). is no strong radial rib as in some Solenidae. Color: Shell very white in color, but covered Exterior: Shell shape is cylindrical with yellow green, and glossy periostracum (solen = channel pipe, Quayle 1970). Length (Ricketts and Calvin 1952). The foot can be about four times the width and gapes at both darkly pigmented (Kozloff 1993). ends (Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). The General Morphology: Bivalve mollusks are shell is thin, the valves are moderately bilaterally symmetrical with two lateral valves inflated, beaks are at near anterior end, and or shells that are hinged dorsally and very weak (Figs. 1, 4). The dorsal margin is surround a mantle, head, foot and viscera straight or slightly concave, but not arched (see Plate 393B, Coan and Valentich-Scott (Solen, Keen and Coan 1974) (Fig. 1). The 2007). Solenid and pharid bivalves are ventral margin is arched (Oldroyd 1924) and burrowers and some species are quite fast the anterior edge is truncate while the (e.g. Siliqua patula, see description in this posterior is rounded. guide). They have shells that are longer than Hinge: The hinge is close to anterior wide and often razor-like at the opening edge end (Kozloff 1993). Beaks are terminal and (see Plate 397G, Coan and Valentich-Scott situated at anterior end (Solen, Keen 1971) 2007). (Figs. 1, 2, 4). One cardinal tooth is present Body: Long, dark and finger-like body. The in each valve and teeth are erect, recurved, posterior end swells to form an anchor (see and triangular (Oldroyd 1924). Fig. 306 Kozloff 1993). Eyes: Color: Foot: The foot is with dark pigment (Kozloff Interior: The mantle is fused along 1993) (Fig. 4). the entire ventral margin and restricts foot Siphons: Inhalant and exhalant siphons are movement along anterior-posterior axis joined (Fig. 4a). Siphons of both Solen (Pohlo 1963), but serves as a barrier to rostiformis and S. sicarius can be readily outside foreign material. The ligament is autotomized at annular constrictions on the long, entirely external, and not seated on siphon (Ricketts and Calvin 1952; Pohlo nymph (Figs. 2, 4). 1963; Haderlie and Abbott 1980; Rudy and Exterior: Rudy, personal observation). The siphon of Byssus: the former species are even too large to be Gills: retracted completely into the shell (Ricketts Shell: Shell is slightly bent, elongate, and and Calvin 1952). gapes at both ends. The dorsal margin is Burrow: The burrow of S. sicarius is slightly concave and has beaks near the permanent, vertical, and reaches depths of anterior end. The anterior margin is blunt 30–35 cm (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). while the posterior is rounded (Ricketts and Individuals dig rapidly and are very active, Calvin 1952; Haderlie and Abbott 1980). burying themselves completely within 30 Interior: Adductor scars at opposite seconds with four to five thrusts of the ends of shell and the anterior scar is muscular foot (Ricketts and Calvin 1952; Haderlie and Abbott 1980). Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Solen sicarius. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12921 and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] Possible Misidentifications Siliqua patula. It lacks an interior vertical rib Solenidae and Pharidae are two razor clam and multiple hinge teeth, and is four times as families represented locally and pharid long as wide, not 2.5 times, as in S. patula genera were recently placed in the former (Keen and Coan 1974). Furthermore, the family (see previous editions of this guide). profile in S. patula is much more oval, and not They are both characterized by cylindrical as cylindrical as in Solen sicarius. shells that are about 2.5 times as long as Four species are reported locally in high and gape at both ends. They have no the Pharidae. Siliqua patula has an internal dorsal margin ears (compare to Pectinidae, rib that slopes anteriorly, a wide and tapering see Plate 394E, Coan and Valentich-Scott posterior end. Siliqua lucida is smaller than 2007), a hinge with ligament that is entirely S. patula (< 55 mm in length) and has an external and dorsal, equally shaped adductor internal rib that is vertical and narrow and a muscle scars (compare to Mytilus trossulus, posterior end that is truncate. It has been this guide), and shells that do not have suggested that S. lucida are simply young S. prominent radial sculpturing (Coan and patula individuals (Hertlein 1961), but this is Valentich-Scott 2007). The difference not yet known. Siliqua lucida lives in between the two families is that members of protected bay sands and has concentric the Pharidae have one shell valve with two brown bands on its exterior. Although cardinal teeth and the other with four, while variations in S. patula have been the Solenidae have a single cardinal tooth on synonymized, occasionally readers will find each shell valve (Coan and Valentich-Scott references to S. patula var. nuttallii, which is 2007). Other local razor-shaped clams more oval shape, with purple beaks and four besides the Solenidae such as the Mytiiidae hinge teeth in the left valve, not two (Oldroyd include some genera (e.g., Adula) which are 1924). Ensis myrae and Siliqua altra are also long and cylindrical. Adula (see A. offshore species and E. myrae is has a shell californiensis, this guide) are usually a boring that is long and thin. species, however, having hairy posterodorsal slopes, a very small anterior adductor scar, Ecological Information and no hinge teeth (Coan and Valentich- Range: Type locality is the Straits of Juan de Scott 2007). Hiatellidae, including the Fuca. Known range extends from Vancouver geoduck, Panopea generosa have large, Island, BC, Canada to San Quintin Bay, Baja quadrate, gaping bivalves, without hinge California. teeth, and with nearly equal adductor muscle Local Distribution: Locally occurs in scars (Keen and Coan 1974). mudflats of both Coos Bay and Charleston. Only two species, in the genus Solen, Habitat: Individuals found in permanent are reported locally in the Solenidae, they vertical burrows of protected parts of bays, have an almost straight dorsal margin, a within mud or muddy sand (Coan and terminal beak, and one cardinal tooth in each Valentich-Scott 2007). Solen sicarius is more valve (Keen 1971). Solen rostiformis (= S. common among eelgrass (e.g., Zostera rosaceus, but see Pohlo 1963; von Cosel marina) roots, in firm sediments than other 1992) has a thin shell that tapers and a mudflats. periostracum that is lighter than S. sicarius; it Salinity: Collected at salinities of 30 in Coos is light olive green to brown in color. Solen Bay. rostiformis is a pink shelled clam and its Temperature: Cold to warmer temperate siphons are annulated (and it can regenerate waters. them when disturbed, Pohlo 1963). It lives in Tidal Level: Low intertidal to shallow subtidal sandier situations than does S. sicarius (Coan (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). In Coos Bay, and Carlton 1975). Solen sicarius, on the individuals are primarily collected intertidally. other hand, has a thick shell, a blunt posterior Associates: Known associates include the (‘the blunt razor shell’) and a dark brown commensal pea crabs (e.g. Pinnixa, Quayle periostracum. Solen sicarius is found 1970). occasionally in permanent burrows in mud or Abundance: Not common, but becoming muddy sand (Kozloff 1974) and is the more abundant in Coos Bay (Rudy and Rudy, species most likely to be confused with personal observation). In Inchon, Korea, a Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Solen sicarius. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. population of the congeneric species, S. usually just before metamorphosis and loss of scrictus, reached mean densities of 126 the velum, it is called a pediveliger (see Fig. individuals/m2 (Hong and Park 1994). 1, Kabat and O’Foighil 1987; Brink 2001). (For generalized life cycle see Fig. 1, Brink Life-History Information 2001.) In Solen grandis, D-shaped larvae Reproduction: Although little is known about hatched after 20 hours and were 125 µm. the reproduction and development in Solen After 5–6 days, larvae were early umbo stage sicarius, reproductive aspects of biology have and approximately 250 µm (Guo-qiang et al. been studied for several congeners. Solen 2009). Settlement occurred after nine days in marginatus, a species that occurs on Spanish Solen marginatus when larvae were coasts, is reproductive from May to July approximately 300 µm (da Costa and (Spain, Remacha-Trivino and Anadon 2006) Martinex-Patino 2009). and in Solen grandis, spawning occurred from Juvenile: April to May. Several spawning events were Longevity: observed for S. dactylus, in the northern Growth Rate: In the congener, Solen Persian Gulf, from August to February marginatus, seed were 19 mm at four months (Saeedi et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biogeographical Homogeneity in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. II
    Vol. 19: 75–84, 2013 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online September 4 doi: 10.3354/ab00521 Aquat Biol Biogeographical homogeneity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. II. Temporal variation in Lebanese bivalve biota Fabio Crocetta1,*, Ghazi Bitar2, Helmut Zibrowius3, Marco Oliverio4 1Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy 2Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon 3Le Corbusier 644, 280 Boulevard Michelet, 13008 Marseille, France 4Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Viale dell’Università 32, 00185 Roma, Italy ABSTRACT: Lebanon (eastern Mediterranean Sea) is an area of particular biogeographic signifi- cance for studying the structure of eastern Mediterranean marine biodiversity and its recent changes. Based on literature records and original samples, we review here the knowledge of the Lebanese marine bivalve biota, tracing its changes during the last 170 yr. The updated checklist of bivalves of Lebanon yielded a total of 114 species (96 native and 18 alien taxa), accounting for ca. 26.5% of the known Mediterranean Bivalvia and thus representing a particularly poor fauna. Analysis of the 21 taxa historically described on Lebanese material only yielded 2 available names. Records of 24 species are new for the Lebanese fauna, and Lioberus ligneus is also a new record for the Mediterranean Sea. Comparisons between molluscan records by past (before 1950) and modern (after 1950) authors revealed temporal variations and qualitative modifications of the Lebanese bivalve fauna, mostly affected by the introduction of Erythraean species. The rate of recording of new alien species (evaluated in decades) revealed later first local arrivals (after 1900) than those observed for other eastern Mediterranean shores, while the peak in records in conjunc- tion with our samplings (1991 to 2010) emphasizes the need for increased field work to monitor their arrival and establishment.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcriptome Analysis and Discovery of Genes Involved in Immune Pathways in Solen Strictus (Gould, 1861) Under Vibrio Anguillarum T
    Fish and Shellfish Immunology 88 (2019) 237–243 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fish and Shellfish Immunology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fsi Full length article Transcriptome analysis and discovery of genes involved in immune pathways in Solen strictus (Gould, 1861) under Vibrio anguillarum T ∗ Qiang Wanga, Jing Lib, Hongmei Guoa, a Department of Animal Nutrition and Aquaculture, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, 88 Shengli East Street, Weifang 261061, China b College of Economics and Management in Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The Solen strictus (Gould, 1861) has been recognized as an important marine economic bivalve in Eastern and Solen strictus Southeast Asia. To gain a better understanding of the S. strictus immune system and its related genes in response Vibrio anguillarum to bacterial infections, we performed a comparative gene transcription analysis from S. strictus with Vibrio an- Transcriptome guillarum through RNA-Seq technology, meanwhile the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were investigated. Immune response After assembly, a total of 195,774 transcripts with an average length of 996 bp were obtained. Total 153,038 unigenes were annotated in the nr, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG, KOG, GO and Pfam databases, and 56,597 unigenes (36.98%) were annotated in at least one database. After bacterial challenge, there were 1588 significant dif- ferentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the challenged and control groups, including 999 up-regulated and 589 down-regulated genes. All the DEGs were classified into three gene ontology categories, and allocated to 225 KEGG pathways. Immune-related genes were detected from immune system pathways among the top 20 en- riched pathways, such as Toll-like receptor signaling, RIG-I-like receptor signaling and NOD-like receptor sig- naling pathway.
    [Show full text]
  • T.C. Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orta
    T.C. ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ORTA KARADENİZ’DEKİ MOLLUSCA FAUNASI VE KATALOGLANMASI MUSTAFA BİÇER Bu tez, Balıkçılık Teknolojisi Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalında Yüksek Lisans derecesi için hazırlanmıştır. ORDU 2014 TEZ BİLDİRİMİ Tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, tezin içerdiği yenilik ve sonuçların başka bir yerden alınmadığını, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya başka bir üniversitedeki başka bir tez çalışması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. İmza Mustafa BİÇER Not: Bu tezde kullanılan özgün ve başka kaynaktan yapılan bildirişlerin, çizelge, şekil ve fotoğrafların kaynak gösterilmeden kullanımı, 5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunundaki hükümlere tabidir. I ÖZET ORTA KARADENİZ’ DEKİ MOLLUSCA FAUNASI VE KATALOGLANMASI Mustafa BİÇER Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Balıkçılık Teknolojisi Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, 2014 Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 60s Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet AYDIN Bu çalışma ile Orta Karadeniz’de birçok sayıda familya ve cins ile temsil edilen mollusca sınıfına ait türlerin Ordu İlindeki dağılımının belirlenmesi ve araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Mollusca türlerini tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, derinlikleri 0-25 m arasında değişen 14 istasyondan örneklemeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma mediolittoral bölgeden elle, dalarak ve el direcleri
    [Show full text]
  • A World Dataset on the Geographic Distributions of Solenidae Razor Clams (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e31375 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.7.e31375 Data Paper A world dataset on the geographic distributions of Solenidae razor clams (Mollusca: Bivalvia) Hanieh Saeedi‡,§,|, Mark J Costello ¶ ‡ Department of Marine Zoology, Crustaceans, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany § Institute for Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany | OBIS data manager, deep-sea node, Frankfurt am Main, Germany ¶ Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand Corresponding author: Hanieh Saeedi ([email protected]) Academic editor: Dimitris Poursanidis Received: 05 Nov 2018 | Accepted: 09 Jan 2019 | Published: 31 Jan 2019 Citation: Saeedi H, Costello M (2019) A world dataset on the geographic distributions of Solenidae razor clams (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Biodiversity Data Journal 7: e31375. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e31375 Abstract Background Using this dataset, we examined the global geographical distributions of Solenidae species in relation to their endemicity, species richness and latitudinal ranges and then predicted their distributions under future climate change using species distribution modelling techniques (Saeedi et al. 2016a, Saeedi et al. 2016b). We found that the global latitudinal species richness in Solenidae is bi-modal, dipping at the equator most likely derived by high sea surface temperature (Saeedi et al. 2016b). We also found that most of the Solenidae species will shift their distribution ranges polewards due to global warming (Saeedi et al. 2016a). We also provided a comprehensive review of the taxon to test whether the latitudinal gradient in species richness was uni-modal with a peak in the tropics or northern hemisphere or asymmetric and bimodal as proposed previously (Chaudhary et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Siliqua Patula Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Veneroida the Flat Razor Clam Family: Pharidae
    Phylum: Mollusca Siliqua patula Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Veneroida The flat razor clam Family: Pharidae Taxonomy: The familial designation of this (see Plate 397G, Coan and Valentich-Scott species has changed frequently over time. 2007). Previously in the Solenidae, current intertidal Body: (see Plate 29 Ricketts and Calvin guides include S. patula in the Pharidae (e.g., 1952; Fig 259 Kozloff 1993). Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). The superfamily Solenacea includes infaunal soft Color: bottom dwelling bivalves and contains the two Interior: (see Fig 5, Pohlo 1963). families: Solenidae and Pharidae (= Exterior: Cultellidae, von Cosel 1993) (Remacha- Byssus: Trivino and Anadon 2006). In 1788, Dixon Gills: described S. patula from specimens collected Shell: The shell in S. patula is thin and with in Alaska (see Range) and Conrad described sharp (i.e., razor-like) edges and a thin profile the same species, under the name Solen (Fig. 4). Thin, long, fragile shell (Ricketts and nuttallii from specimens collected in the Calvin 1952), with gapes at both ends Columbia River in 1838 (Weymouth et al. (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). Shell smooth 1926). These names were later inside and out (Dixon 1789), elongate, rather synonymized, thus known synonyms for cylindrical and the length is about 2.5 times Siliqua patula include Solen nuttallii, the width. Solecurtus nuttallii. Occasionally, researchers Interior: Prominent internal vertical also indicate a subspecific epithet (e.g., rib extending from beak to margin (Haderlie Siliqua siliqua patula) or variations (e.g., and Abbott 1980). Siliqua patula var. nuttallii, based on rib Exterior: Both valves are similar and morphology, see Possible gape at both ends.
    [Show full text]
  • Embryonic and Larval Development of Ensis Arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) (Bivalvia: Pharidae)
    EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF ENSIS ARCUATUS (JEFFREYS, 1865) (BIVALVIA: PHARIDAE) FIZ DA COSTA, SUSANA DARRIBA AND DOROTEA MARTI´NEZ-PATIN˜O Centro de Investigacio´ns Marin˜as, Consellerı´a de Pesca e Asuntos Marı´timos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 94, 27700 Ribadeo, Lugo, Spain (Received 5 December 2006; accepted 19 November 2007) ABSTRACT The razor clam Ensis arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) is distributed from Norway to Spain and along the British coast, where it lives buried in sand in low intertidal and subtidal areas. This work is the first study to research the embryology and larval development of this species of razor clam, using light and scanning electron microscopy. A new method, consisting of changing water levels using tide simulations with brief Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mollus/article/74/2/103/1161011 by guest on 23 September 2021 dry periods, was developed to induce spawning in this species. The blastula was the first motile stage and in the gastrula stage the vitelline coat was lost. The shell field appeared in the late gastrula. The trocho- phore developed by about 19 h post-fertilization (hpf) (198C). At 30 hpf the D-shaped larva showed a developed digestive system consisting of a mouth, a foregut, a digestive gland followed by an intestine and an anus. Larvae spontaneously settled after 20 days at a length of 378 mm. INTRODUCTION following families: Mytilidae (Redfearn, Chanley & Chanley, 1986; Fuller & Lutz, 1989; Bellolio, Toledo & Dupre´, 1996; Ensis arcuatus (Jeffreys, 1865) is the most abundant species of Hanyu et al., 2001), Ostreidae (Le Pennec & Coatanea, 1985; Pharidae in Spain.
    [Show full text]
  • Shell Morphology and Sperm Ultrastructure of Solen Tehuelchus Hanley, 1842 (Bivalvia: Solenidae): New Taxonomic Characters Author(S): Amanda Bonini, Gisele O
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp Shell Morphology and Sperm Ultrastructure of Solen tehuelchus Hanley, 1842 (Bivalvia: Solenidae): New Taxonomic Characters Author(s): Amanda Bonini, Gisele O. Introíni Lenita F. Tallarico, Fabrizio M. Machado and Shirlei M. Recco-Pimentel Source: American Malacological Bulletin, 34(2):73-78. Published By: American Malacological Society https://doi.org/10.4003/006.034.0202 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4003/006.034.0202 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Amer. Malac. Bull. 34(2): 73–78 (2016) RESEARCH NOTE Shell morphology and sperm ultrastructure of Solen tehuelchus Hanley, 1842 (Bivalvia: Solenidae): New taxonomic characters Amanda Bonini1, Gisele O. Introíni1, 3, Lenita F. Tallarico1, Fabrizio M. Machado2 and Shirlei M. Recco-Pimentel1 1Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Charles Darwin, s/n.
    [Show full text]
  • Marteilia Refringens and Marteilia Pararefringens Sp
    Parasitology Marteilia refringens and Marteilia pararefringens sp. nov. are distinct parasites cambridge.org/par of bivalves and have different European distributions Research Article 1,2 1,2,3 1 4 5 Cite this article: Kerr R et al (2018). Marteilia R. Kerr , G. M. Ward , G. D. Stentiford , A. Alfjorden , S. Mortensen , refringens and Marteilia pararefringens sp. nov. J. P. Bignell1,S.W.Feist1, A. Villalba6,7, M. J. Carballal6, A. Cao6, I. Arzul8, are distinct parasites of bivalves and have different European distributions. Parasitology D. Ryder1 and D. Bass1,3 145, 1483–1492. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S003118201800063X 1Pathology and Microbial Systematics Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; 2Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Received: 19 July 2017 3 Revised: 16 January 2018 Stocker Road, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History 4 Accepted: 8 February 2018 Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK; Division of fish, Department of animal health and antimicrobial First published online: 11 June 2018 strategies, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Sweden; 5Institute of Marine Research, PO. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway; 6Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería do Mar da Xunta de Galicia, 36620 Vilanova de Key words: Arousa, Spain; 7Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain and 8Institut Marteilia refringens; Marteilia pararefringens; Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des ITS1 rDNA; IGS rDNA; Paramyxida; Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France Ascetosporea; Mytilus edulis; Ostrea edulis Author for correspondence: Abstract Grant D.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of the Bivalve Superfamily Galeommatoidea
    Goto et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:172 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/172 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Molecular phylogeny of the bivalve superfamily Galeommatoidea (Heterodonta, Veneroida) reveals dynamic evolution of symbiotic lifestyle and interphylum host switching Ryutaro Goto1,2*, Atsushi Kawakita3, Hiroshi Ishikawa4, Yoichi Hamamura5 and Makoto Kato1 Abstract Background: Galeommatoidea is a superfamily of bivalves that exhibits remarkably diverse lifestyles. Many members of this group live attached to the body surface or inside the burrows of other marine invertebrates, including crustaceans, holothurians, echinoids, cnidarians, sipunculans and echiurans. These symbiotic species exhibit high host specificity, commensal interactions with hosts, and extreme morphological and behavioral adaptations to symbiotic life. Host specialization to various animal groups has likely played an important role in the evolution and diversification of this bivalve group. However, the evolutionary pathway that led to their ecological diversity is not well understood, in part because of their reduced and/or highly modified morphologies that have confounded traditional taxonomy. This study elucidates the taxonomy of the Galeommatoidea and their evolutionary history of symbiotic lifestyle based on a molecular phylogenic analysis of 33 galeommatoidean and five putative galeommatoidean species belonging to 27 genera and three families using two nuclear ribosomal genes (18S and 28S ribosomal DNA) and a nuclear (histone H3) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) protein-coding genes. Results: Molecular phylogeny recovered six well-supported major clades within Galeommatoidea. Symbiotic species were found in all major clades, whereas free-living species were grouped into two major clades. Species symbiotic with crustaceans, holothurians, sipunculans, and echiurans were each found in multiple major clades, suggesting that host specialization to these animal groups occurred repeatedly in Galeommatoidea.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Metabarcoding for High-Throughput Monitoring
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN DNA metabarcoding for high- throughput monitoring of estuarine macrobenthic communities Received: 12 June 2017 Jorge Lobo 1,2, Shadi Shokralla3, Maria Helena Costa2, Mehrdad Hajibabaei3 & Accepted: 16 October 2017 Filipe Oliveira Costa1 Published: xx xx xxxx Morphology-based profling of benthic communities has been extensively applied to aquatic ecosystems’ health assessment. However, it remains a low-throughput, and sometimes ambiguous, procedure. Despite DNA metabarcoding has been applied to marine benthos, a comprehensive approach providing species-level identifcations for estuarine macrobenthos is still lacking. Here we report a combination of experimental and feld studies to assess the aptitude of COI metabarcoding to provide robust species-level identifcations for high-throughput monitoring of estuarine macrobenthos. To investigate the ability of metabarcoding to detect all species present in bulk DNA extracts, we contrived three phylogenetically diverse communities, and applied four diferent primer pairs to generate PCR products within the COI barcode region. Between 78–83% of the species in the contrived communities were recovered through HTS. Subsequently, we compared morphology and metabarcoding-based approaches to determine the species composition from four distinct estuarine sites. Our results indicate that species richness would be considerably underestimated if only morphological methods were used: globally 27 species identifed through morphology versus 61 detected by metabarcoding. Although further refnement is required to improve efciency and output of this approach, here we show the great aptitude of COI metabarcoding to provide high quality and auditable species identifcations in estuarine macrobenthos monitoring. Macrobenthic invertebrate surveys have been widely used for the assessment of the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems worldwide1–5.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Metabarcoding for High-Throughput Monitoring of Estuarine Macrobenthic Communities
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/117168; this version posted June 1, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 DNA metabarcoding for high-throughput monitoring of estuarine macrobenthic communities 2 3 Jorge Lobo1,2,*, Shadi Shokralla3, Maria Helena Costa2, Mehrdad Hajibabaei3, Filipe Oliveira Costa1 4 5 1CBMA – Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 6 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 7 2MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre. New University of Lisbon. Campus de 8 Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal 9 3Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario and Department of Integrative 10 Biology. University of Guelph. Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada 11 * Corresponding author 12 Email: [email protected] 13 14 Abstract 15 16 Benthic communities are key components of aquatic ecosystems’ biomonitoring. However, 17 morphology-based species identifications remain a low-throughput, and sometimes ambiguous, 18 approach. Despite metabarcoding methodologies have been applied for above-species taxa inventories 19 in marine meiofaunal communities, a comprehensive approach providing species-level identifications 20 for estuarine macrobenthic communities is still lacking. Here we report a combination of experimental 21 and field studies demonstrating the aptitude of COI metabarcoding to provide robust species-level 22 identifications within a framework of high-throughput monitoring of estuarine macrobenthic 23 communities. To investigate the ability to recover DNA barcodes from all species present in a bulk 24 DNA extract, we assembled 3 phylogenetically diverse communities, using 4 different primer pairs to 25 generate PCR products of the COI barcode region.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Paleontology of the Late Miocene Wilson Grove Formation at Bloomfield Quarry, Sonoma County, California
    Geology and Paleontology of the Late Miocene Wilson Grove Formation at Bloomfield Quarry, Sonoma County, California 2 cm 2 cm Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5021 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey COVER. Photographs of fragments of a walrus (Gomphotaria pugnax Barnes and Raschke, 1991) mandible from the basal Wilson Grove Formation exposed in Bloomfield Quarry, just north of the town of Bloomfield in Sonoma County, California (see plate 8 for more details). The walrus fauna at Bloomfield Quarry is the most diverse assemblage of walrus yet reported worldwide from a single locality. cm, centimeter. (Photographs by Robert Boessenecker, College of Charleston.) Geology and Paleontology of the Late Miocene Wilson Grove Formation at Bloomfield Quarry, Sonoma County, California By Charles L. Powell II, Robert W. Boessenecker, N. Adam Smith, Robert J. Fleck, Sandra J. Carlson, James R. Allen, Douglas J. Long, Andrei M. Sarna-Wojcicki, and Raj B. Guruswami-Naidu Scientific Investigations Report 2019–5021 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DAVID BERNHARDT, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2019 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov/ or call 1–888–ASK–USGS (1–888–275–8747). For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov/. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]