DOCSLIB.ORG

Pollinators Victoria 2-Up

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pollinators Victoria 2-Up Hymenoptera: Bees Hymenoptera: Bees Hymenoptera: Wasps, Ants & Sawies Hymenoptera: Wasps, Ants & Sawies Plant & Insect Relationships Habitat and Nectar Plants Common Pollinator and Beneficial Insects of Victoria Hymenoptera: Bees Hymenoptera: Bees Hymenoptera: Wasps, Ants & Sawies Hymenoptera: Wasps, Ants & Sawies Plant & Insect Relationships Habitat and Nectar Plants This guide has been prepared to aid identication of a Insects are efficient pollinators and plants have developed many ways of selection of common pollinator and benecial insects. encouraging them to visit. This has led to some strong associations between the Common Pollinator lives of plants and insects. This guide provides a good starting point, but many species can look similar. Please see the references and websites listed at ppwcma.vic.gov.au/beneficialinsects if you A study by the City of Melbourne found that 60% of insect species in their area would like help with accurate species identification. and Beneficial Insects Hoelzer Alison live in the mid-storey - the vegetation in between the tree canopy and the ground cover - even though this makes up only a small proportion of vegetation of Victoria in the city. This means that planting flowering shrubs should be encouraged in open spaces, gardens and farms to provide the habitat and food supply these Common Pollinator Pollinator Common Karen Thomas Karen Thomas WPC WPC WPC An identification and conservation guide important insects need to keep our ecosystems at their best. Halictid bee Reed bee Gasteruptiid wasp Hairy ower wasp In focus: Eltham Copper Buttery Sweet bursaria Thryptomene Halictidae Exoneura Gasteruptiidae Scoliidae Bursaria spinosa Thryptomene sp. The Eltham Copper Butterfly is a small and attractive butterfly with bright Alison Hoelzer Alison WPC WPC WPC copper colouring on the tops of its wings, which is visible during the summer flight season. Blue-banded bee Chequered cuckoo bee Ant Cream-spotted ichneumon wasp It is an unusual species due to its close symbiotic association with a group of Apidae Apidae Formicidae Ichnuemonidae ants from the genus Notoncus and the shrub Sweet Bursaria (Bursaria spinosa). Denis Crawford Adult butterflies lay their eggs on the roots and stems of Sweet Bursaria. Once the eggs hatch, the ants guard the caterpillars (providing protection from Green lacewings prey on a wide variety of insects and can consume up to 60 aphids predators), ushering the larvae to and from the ant nest at the base of the shrub, per hour! The larvae (pictured) have a spiny back and keep the skeletal remains of their and Beneficial Insects of Victoria to feed on the Sweet Bursaria leaves at night. prey pierced onto their spines as camouage, giving them the name ‘junk bug’. Alison Hoelzer Alison Karen Thomas WPC Hoelzer Alison WPC WPC In return, the ants feed on the sugar secretions exuded from the body of the How can I encourage pollinators and benecial insects? caterpillar. The adult butterfly is also a pollinator. • Make sure your property supports a diversity of flowering plants that provide Hylaeus bee (bubbling) Large Lasioglossum sp. Orange ichneumon wasp Paper wasp Tea tree Purple coral pea flowers throughout the year. Colletidae Halictidae Ichnuemonidae Vespidae Leptospermum sp. Hardenbergia violacea • When flowering nectar plants are in short supply, pollinators can access nectar through the glands of plants such as Fabaceae (eg. Acacias) so consider planting these as well. • Provide pollinator nest sites - bee hotels, dead wood or plant stems, small areas WPC WPC of bare sandy ground and leaf litter patches. WPC Hoelzer Alison • Reduce your use of chemical sprays. Many pesticides will kill pollinators as well as pests; overuse of herbicides can remove many of the flowering herbs that Common spring bee European honey bee Cuckoo wasp European wasp pollinators rely on throughout the year. Colletidae Apidae Chrysididae Vespidae Alison Hoelzer Alison Hoelzer Alison WPC WPC • Record and share your observations to help build knowledge about these WPC WPC species. Citizen science projects including websites and mobile apps allow you Canzano Andrea to share your sightings with others and may help you with identification, e.g. Leafcutter bee Red bee Paper wasp Sawy adult Kangaroo grass Paperbark ower ala.org.au, wildpollinatorcount.com and iNaturalist.org Megachilidae Halictidae Vespidae Tenthredinidae Themeda triandra Melaleuca sp. N.B. Not all insects on flowers are true pollinators. Some might be eating pollen on one flower without transferring it to another (which is how pollination happens). You won’t Hymenoptera: Bees Hymenoptera: Wasps, Ants & Sawies Good native nectar species always be able to tell, but you can have an educated guess, and in general, most • Around 2,000 native bee species currently known. • Around 8,000 native species currently known; many more undescribed. A diversity of plant and flower characteristics are important to create a nectar insects you see on flowers can be considered ‘potential’ pollinators. • Mostly found in sunny, open woodlands, gardens and meadows with lots • Found in all habitats. Wasps lay eggs in leaf litter, cavities, bare soil or other insectary and attract beneficial insects to your garden. Acknowledgements of flowers. insects; ants build nests underground or in trees; sawflies lay eggs under As much as possible, aim for year-round flowering and in particular, spring-summer leaves. This guide was originally compiled by Manu Saunders and Karen Retra with support • Active when it is warm, fine and calm or only lightly breezy. flowering when insects are in abundance and crop pollination is essential. • Size range: 0.1 mm to over 10 cm; colours: black, red, orange, brown, gold. from the Slopes to Summit Partnership and the NSW Environmental Trust. This • Nest in bare sandy soil, or cavities of dead wood or stone walls. Mid-story flowering shrubs and grasses are key to a good nectar insectary. version has been adapted by the Port Phillip & Westernport CMA and Agribusiness • Wasps are also predators and parasitoids of other insects; sawfly larvae Native grasses provide excellent habitat for pollinator and beneficial insects. • Size range: 5 mm to over 2 cm; colours: black, gold, red, yellow or green, Yarra Valley with funding from the Victorian Government. Wild Pollinator Count (some species called ‘spitfires’) can be pests of eucalypts when abundant; (WPC) images were taken by Manu Saunders, Karen Retra and James Abell. often with stripes on abdomen. Karen Thomas McNeil Steve Research conducted by Mary Retallack (Retallack Viticulture), showed that Wallaby WPC WPC WPC WPC ants are predators of other insects and some species contribute to soil grass (Rytidosperma spp.) is breeding habitat for brown lacewings. Many For more information, including92mm useful websites and resources, go to 92mm 92mm 92mm 92mm health. 92mm 93mm 10 93mm ppwcma.vic.gov.au/benecialinsects horticulture farms are now including insectary plants in shelterbelts and adjoining Golden-browed resin bee Halictid bee (Lipotriches sp.) Blue-banded bee Blue-banded bee Flower wasp (female, wingless) Flower wasp (male) Clockwise from top: Eltham Copper Buttery; Eltham Copper Buttery larvae with Noctonus ants; Sweet bursaria. revegetation areas to support their integrated pest management programs. ©Design - Colourfield Design 2019 colourfield.com.au Cover image: Alison Hoelzer Megachilidae Halictidae Amegilla sp. Amegilla sp. Tiphiidae Tiphiidae Benecial Insects Benecial Insects Diptera: Flies Diptera: Flies Lepidoptera: Butteries & Moths Lepidoptera: Butteries & Moths Pollinators Coleoptera: Beetles • Beneficial insects are a key part of the natural food chain - they feed on Why do pollinators matter? other pest insects (such as aphids) and many also perform a pollination service. • Many flowering plants (food crops and native plants) rely on insect pollinators to set fruit. • Beneficial insects include predatory and parasitic insects such as ground Hoelzer Alison beetles, lacewings, ladybirds, spiders (though technically not insects), • In Australia, there are many specialised native plant-pollinator relation- predatory thrips, mites, flies and bugs and parasitic wasps, as well ships, so pollinator conservation is not just about focusing on the most pollinators such as ants, native bees, moths and butterflies. common species. WPC • Many beneficial insects feed on nectar so it is important to provide year • While honey bees are perhaps the most recognised pollinators, they are round flowering plants and habitat to support the abundance of these an introduced species and there are thousands of Australian native WPC WPC WPC WPC insects in the natural and production landscape. pollinators that are equally good, if not better, at pollination. WPC • Many of these insects play other important roles in the ecosystem in Hover y Hover y Double-spotted line blue Hawk Golden stag beetle Jewel beetle Syrphidae Syrphidae Lycaenidae Sphingidae addition to pollination, such as biological control or waste decomposi- Lucanidae Buprestidae tion, and are important contributors to biodiversity generally. WPC Denis Crawford WPC Alison Hoelzer Alison Karen Thomas Long-legged y Transverse ladybird Bee y (hairy) Robber y Australian painted lady Bogong Dolichopodidae Coccinellidae Bombyliidae Asilidae Nymphalidae Noctuidae Alison Hoelzer Alison WPC WPC WPC WPC WPC Denis Crawford Lauxaniid y March y Heliotrope Red-spotted Jezebel Ladybird Longicorn beetle Lauxaniidae Tabanidae Arctiidae Pieridae Hoelzer Alison Coccinellidae Cerambycidae
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diptera: Calyptratae)
    Systematic Entomology (2020), DOI: 10.1111/syen.12443 Protein-encoding ultraconserved elements provide a new phylogenomic perspective of Oestroidea flies (Diptera: Calyptratae) ELIANA BUENAVENTURA1,2 , MICHAEL W. LLOYD2,3,JUAN MANUEL PERILLALÓPEZ4, VANESSA L. GONZÁLEZ2, ARIANNA THOMAS-CABIANCA5 andTORSTEN DIKOW2 1Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany, 2National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U.S.A., 3The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, U.S.A., 4Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, U.S.A. and 5Department of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain Abstract. The diverse superfamily Oestroidea with more than 15 000 known species includes among others blow flies, flesh flies, bot flies and the diverse tachinid flies. Oestroidea exhibit strikingly divergent morphological and ecological traits, but even with a variety of data sources and inferences there is no consensus on the relationships among major Oestroidea lineages. Phylogenomic inferences derived from targeted enrichment of ultraconserved elements or UCEs have emerged as a promising method for resolving difficult phylogenetic problems at varying timescales. To reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among families of Oestroidea, we obtained UCE loci exclusively derived from the transcribed portion of the genome, making them suitable for larger and more integrative phylogenomic studies using other genomic and transcriptomic resources. We analysed datasets containing 37–2077 UCE loci from 98 representatives of all oestroid families (except Ulurumyiidae and Mystacinobiidae) and seven calyptrate outgroups, with a total concatenated aligned length between 10 and 550 Mb. About 35% of the sampled taxa consisted of museum specimens (2–92 years old), of which 85% resulted in successful UCE enrichment.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) Q ⇑ Marianne Espeland A,B, , Jason P.W
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93 (2015) 296–306 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Ancient Neotropical origin and recent recolonisation: Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) q ⇑ Marianne Espeland a,b, , Jason P.W. Hall c, Philip J. DeVries d, David C. Lees e, Mark Cornwall a, Yu-Feng Hsu f, Li-Wei Wu g, Dana L. Campbell a,h, Gerard Talavera a,i,j, Roger Vila i, Shayla Salzman a, Sophie Ruehr k, David J. Lohman l, Naomi E. Pierce a a Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA b McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Powell Hall, 2315 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA c Department of Systematic Biology-Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-127, USA d Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lake Shore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA e Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK f Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan g The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou, Taiwan h Division of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, University of Washington Bothell, Box 358500, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA 98011-8246, USA i Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain j Faculty of Biology & Soil Science, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Ant Trails: a Key to Management with Baits1
    ENY-259 Ant Trails: A Key to Management with Baits1 John Klotz, Dave Williams, Byron Reid, Karen Vail, and Phil Koehler2 Communication in the ants is based on chemical straight back to the nest (Figure 1). Somehow on the signals. These chemicals are called pheromones and outgoing trip she can keep track of her position with vary from alarm and nestmate recognition, to the one respect to her nest, and, on the return trip, uses this we will focus on here, recruitment. All of the pest information to take the shorter, more direct route ants use odor trails for orientation, but these trails home. On the way back to the nest, she lays down an differ from one species to another. Where the odor trail. Once back in the nest, this scout ant then pheromones originate in the ant's body, their alerts her nestmates of the food find, which chemical composition, as well as how long they last, encourages them to leave the nest. These recruited all vary from one ant species to the next. In fire ants, ants will follow the odor trail directly to the food the trail chemical is produced by the Dufour's gland, source. In turn, each ant will reinforce the odor trail which is named after its discoverer, Dufour, and is until the food is gone. This behavior is a highly laid down by the stinger. This pheromone is made up efficient means of exploiting a temporary food of molecules which evaporate very quickly. Thus, the resource. fire ant's odor trail is very short-lived.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Mature Larvae and Ecological Notes on Gasteruption Latreille
    JHR 65: 1–21 (2018)Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille... 1 doi: 10.3897/jhr.65.26645 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://jhr.pensoft.net Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Gasteruptiidae) parasitizing hymenopterans nesting in reed galls Petr Bogusch1, Cornelis van Achterberg2, Karel Šilhán1, Alena Astapenková1, Petr Heneberg3 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, CZ-500 03 Hra- dec Králové, Czech Republic 2 Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Pesthuislaan 7, 2333 BA Leiden, The Netherlands 3 Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, CZ-100 00 Praha, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Petr Bogusch ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Ohl | Received 13 May 2018 | Accepted 19 June 2018 | Published 27 August 2018 http://zoobank.org/D49D4029-A7DA-4631-960D-4B4D7F512B8D Citation: Bogusch P, van Achterberg C, Šilhán K, Astapenková A, Heneberg P (2018) Description of mature larvae and ecological notes on Gasteruption Latreille (Hymenoptera, Evanioidea, Gasteruptiidae) parasitizing hymenopterans nesting in reed galls. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26645 Abstract Wasps of the genus Gasteruption are predator-inquilines of bees nesting in cavities in wood, stems, galls, and vertical soil surfaces. During studies of hymenopterans associated with reed galls caused by flies of the genus Lipara we recorded three species. We provide the evidence that a rare European species Gasteruption phragmiticola is a specialized predator-inquiline of an equally rare wetland bee Hylaeus pectoralis. Gasteruption nigrescens is a predator-inquiline of bees of the family Megachilidae, using the common bee Hoplitis leucomelana as the main host.
    [Show full text]
  • Alien Dominance of the Parasitoid Wasp Community Along an Elevation Gradient on Hawai’I Island
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 2008 Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected] Paul C. Banko U.S. Geological Survey Marla Schwarzfeld U.S. Geological Survey Melody Euaparadorn U.S. Geological Survey Kevin W. Brinck U.S. Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Peck, Robert W.; Banko, Paul C.; Schwarzfeld, Marla; Euaparadorn, Melody; and Brinck, Kevin W., "Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island" (2008). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 652. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/652 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Biol Invasions (2008) 10:1441–1455 DOI 10.1007/s10530-008-9218-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Alien dominance of the parasitoid wasp community along an elevation gradient on Hawai’i Island Robert W. Peck Æ Paul C. Banko Æ Marla Schwarzfeld Æ Melody Euaparadorn Æ Kevin W. Brinck Received: 7 December 2007 / Accepted: 21 January 2008 / Published online: 6 February 2008 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract Through intentional and accidental increased with increasing elevation, with all three introduction, more than 100 species of alien Ichneu- elevations differing significantly from each other. monidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) have Nine species purposely introduced to control pest become established in the Hawaiian Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Cephidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, Western North America S
    1 New early Eocene Siricomorpha (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Cephidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America S. Bruce Archibald,1 Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn Abstract—We describe three new genera and four new species (three named) of siricomorph sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) from the Ypresian (early Eocene) Okanagan Highlands: Pamphiliidae, Ulteramus republicensis new genus, new species from Republic, Washington, United States of America; Siricidae, Ypresiosirex orthosemos new genus, new species from McAbee, British Columbia, Canada; and Cephidae, Cuspilongus cachecreekensis new genus, new species from McAbee and another cephid treated as Cephinae species A from Horsefly River, British Columbia, Canada. These are the only currently established occurrences of any siricomorph family in the Ypresian. We treat the undescribed new siricoid from the Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil as belonging to the Pseudosiricidae, not Siricidae, and agree with various authors that the Ypresian Megapterites mirabilis Cockerell is an ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The Miocene species Cephites oeningensis Heer and C. fragilis Heer, assigned to the Cephidae over a century and a half ago, are also ants. Many of the host plants that siricomporphs feed upon today first appeared in the Eocene, a number of these in the Okanagan Highlands in particular. The Okanagan Highlands sites where these wasps were found also had upper microthermal mean annual temperatures as are overwhelmingly preferred by most modern siricomorphs, but were uncommon
    [Show full text]
  • Nesting Behavior of Osmia Tingitana Benoist
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(2): 1181-1186 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Nesting behavior of Osmia tingitana Benoist JEZS 2017; 5(2): 1181-1186 © 2017 JEZS (1969) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), endemic Received: 04-01-2017 Accepted: 05-02-2017 species of North Africa with first observation of Aguib Sihem its parasite Chrysura barbata Lucas (1849) Laboratory of Biosystematics and Ecology of Arthropods, (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) University of Mentouri Constantine, Road Ain-El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria Aguib Sihem, Benachour Karima, Maghni Noudjoud and Louadi Kamel Benachour Karima Laboratory of Biosystematics Abstract and Ecology of Arthropods, The analysis of six Osmia tingitana nests found in snail shells showed that the female selects shells University of Mentouri belonging to the Hygromiidae family and whose diameter was between 1.8 and 3.5 cm. The nest building Constantine, Road Ain-El-Bey, materials consist essentially of sand, small pebbles, plant fragments (stems or flower petals) mixed with 25000 Constantine, Algeria the pollen grains. The nest was closed with a cap formed of a greenish paste consisting of pine needles chewed and mixed with the bee saliva and pieces of the shell. The number of cells per nest was variable, Maghni Noudjoud and range between 4 and 7 cells for multicellular nests.The different development stages were found in Laboratory of Biosystematics and Ecology of Arthropods, the nests analyzed with observation for the first time in one nest of the parasitic species of osmia, namely University of Mentouri a cuckoo wasp, Chrysura barbata of the Chrysididae family. Constantine, Road Ain-El-Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria Keywords: Osmia tingitana, nesting behavior, parasite, Chrysura barbata Louadi Kamel 1.
    [Show full text]
  • (Hymenoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China
    European Journal of Taxonomy 733: 146–159 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.733.1229 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2021 · Zheng Y. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:043C9407-7E8A-4E8F-9441-6FC43E5A596E New fossil records of Xyelidae (Hymenoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China Yan ZHENG 1,*, Haiyan HU 2, Dong CHEN 3, Jun CHEN 4, Haichun ZHANG 5 & Alexandr P. RASNITSYN 6,* 1,4 Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Linyi University, Shuangling Rd., Linyi 276000, China. 1,4,5 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China. 2 School of Agronomy and Environment, Weifang University of Science and Techonoly, Jinguang Road, Shouguang, 262700, China. 3 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China. 6 Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117647, Russia. 6 Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. * Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 5 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:28EB8D72-5909-4435-B0F2-0A48A5174CF9 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:91B2FB61-31A9-449B-A949-7AE9EFD69F56 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:51D01636-EB69-4100-B5F6-329235EB5C52 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:8BAB244F-8248-45C6-B31E-6B9F48962055 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:18A0B9F9-537A-46EF-B745-3942F6A5AB58 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:E7277CAB-3892-49D4-8A5D-647B4A342C13 Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • Wisconsin Bee Identification Guide
    WisconsinWisconsin BeeBee IdentificationIdentification GuideGuide Developed by Patrick Liesch, Christy Stewart, and Christine Wen Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) The honey bee is perhaps our best-known pollinator. Honey bees are not native to North America and were brought over with early settlers. Honey bees are mid-sized bees (~ ½ inch long) and have brownish bodies with bands of pale hairs on the abdomen. Honey bees are unique with their social behavior, living together year-round as a colony consisting of thousands of individuals. Honey bees forage on a wide variety of plants and their colonies can be useful in agricultural settings for their pollination services. Honey bees are our only bee that produces honey, which they use as a food source for the colony during the winter months. In many cases, the honey bees you encounter may be from a local beekeeper’s hive. Occasionally, wild honey bee colonies can become established in cavities in hollow trees and similar settings. Photo by Christy Stewart Bumble bees (Bombus sp.) Bumble bees are some of our most recognizable bees. They are amongst our largest bees and can be close to 1 inch long, although many species are between ½ inch and ¾ inch long. There are ~20 species of bumble bees in Wisconsin and most have a robust, fuzzy appearance. Bumble bees tend to be very hairy and have black bodies with patches of yellow or orange depending on the species. Bumble bees are a type of social bee Bombus rufocinctus and live in small colonies consisting of dozens to a few hundred workers. Photo by Christy Stewart Their nests tend to be constructed in preexisting underground cavities, such as former chipmunk or rabbit burrows.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Mortality and Sex Ratio in the Alfalfa
    Seasonal and spatial patterns of mortality and sex ratio in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) by Ruth Pettinga ONeil A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology Montana State University © Copyright by Ruth Pettinga ONeil (2004) Abstract: Nests from five seed alfalfa sites of the alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata (F.) were monitored over the duration of the nesting season in 2000 and 2001, from early July through late August. Cells containing progeny of known age and known position within the nest were subsequently analyzed for five commonly encountered categories of pre-diapause mortality in this species. Chalkbrood and pollen ball had the strongest seasonal relationships of mortality factors studied. Chalkbrood incidence was highest in early-produced cells. Pollen ball was higher in late-season cells. Chalkbrood, parasitism by the chalcid Pteromalus venustus, and death of older larvae and prepupae , due to unknown source(s) exhibited the strongest cell-position relationships. Both chalkbrood and parasitoid incidence were highest in the inner portions of nests. The “unknown” category of mortality was highest in outer portions of nests. Sex ratio was determined for a subset of progeny reared to adulthood. The ratio of females to males is highest in cells in inner nest positions. Sex ratio is female-biased very early in the nesting season, when all cells being provisioned are the inner cells of nests, due to the strong positional effect on sex ratio. SEASONAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF MORTALITY AND SEX RATIO IN THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, Megachile rotundata (F.) by .
    [Show full text]
  • Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist
    Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist Prepared by J.A. Powell, Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley. For a description of the Big Creek Lepidoptera Survey, see Powell, J.A. Big Creek Reserve Lepidoptera Survey: Recovery of Populations after the 1985 Rat Creek Fire. In Views of a Coastal Wilderness: 20 Years of Research at Big Creek Reserve. (copies available at the reserve). family genus species subspecies author Acrolepiidae Acrolepiopsis californica Gaedicke Adelidae Adela flammeusella Chambers Adelidae Adela punctiferella Walsingham Adelidae Adela septentrionella Walsingham Adelidae Adela trigrapha Zeller Alucitidae Alucita hexadactyla Linnaeus Arctiidae Apantesis ornata (Packard) Arctiidae Apantesis proxima (Guerin-Meneville) Arctiidae Arachnis picta Packard Arctiidae Cisthene deserta (Felder) Arctiidae Cisthene faustinula (Boisduval) Arctiidae Cisthene liberomacula (Dyar) Arctiidae Gnophaela latipennis (Boisduval) Arctiidae Hemihyalea edwardsii (Packard) Arctiidae Lophocampa maculata Harris Arctiidae Lycomorpha grotei (Packard) Arctiidae Spilosoma vagans (Boisduval) Arctiidae Spilosoma vestalis Packard Argyresthiidae Argyresthia cupressella Walsingham Argyresthiidae Argyresthia franciscella Busck Argyresthiidae Argyresthia sp. (gray) Blastobasidae ?genus Blastobasidae Blastobasis ?glandulella (Riley) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.1) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.2) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.3) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.4) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.5) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.6) Blastobasidae Holcocera gigantella (Chambers) Blastobasidae
    [Show full text]
  • Additions to the Checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with Notes on the Endemic Status of Some Species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 519:Additions 33–48 (2015) to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru... 33 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.519.6501 CHECKLIST http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Additions to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with notes on the endemic status of some species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) Eduardo Fernando dos Santos1, Yuri Campanholo Grandinete1,2, Fernando Barbosa Noll1 1 Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Esta- dual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jd. Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil 2 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Corresponding author: Eduardo Fernando dos Santos ([email protected]) Academic editor: Michael Engel | Received 22 May 2015 | Accepted 19 August 2015 | Published 31 August 2015 http://zoobank.org/DA5A298F-BEF0-4AF5-AA08-FB8FF41FE6A4 Citation: dos Santos EF, Grandinete YC, Noll FB (2015) Additions to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with notes on the endemic status of some species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). ZooKeys 519: 33–48. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.519.6501 Abstract The first checklist of the Peruvian Hymenoptera listed 1169 species and subspecies of aculeate wasps, including 173 species of Pompilidae, seven of Scoliidae, 39 of Sphecidae and 403 of Vespidae. Herein are reported 32 species as new for Peru based mainly on the collection of the Natural History Museum, London.
    [Show full text]