Uncovering Sidon's Long Life
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Sidon's Ancient Harbour
ARCHAEOLOGY & H ISTORY SIDON’S ANCIENT HARBOUR: IN THE LEBANON ISSUE THIRTY FOUR -T HIRTY FIVE : NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS WINTER /S PRING 2011/12. AND HAZARDS PP. 433-459. N. CARAYON 1 C. MORHANGE 2 N. MARRINER 2 1 CNRS UMR 5140, A multidisciplinary study combining geoscience, archaeology and his - Lattes ([email protected]) tory was conducted on Sidon’s harbour (Lebanon). The natural charac - teristics of the site at the time of the harbour’s foundation were deter - 2 CNRS CEREGE UMR mined, as well as the human resources that were needed to improve 6635, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en- these conditions in relation to changes in maritime activity. In ancient Provence times, Sidon was one of the most active harbours and urban centres on ([email protected] ; the Levantine coast 3. It is therefore a key site to study ancient harbours, [email protected]). providing insight into both ancient cultures and the technological 1 Sidon’s coastal ba- thymetry. 1 apogee of the Roman and Byzantine periods. This article proposes a synthesis of Sidon’s harbour system based on geomorphological characteristics that favoured the development of a wide range of maritime facilities, refashioned and improved by human societies from the second millennium BC until the Middle Ages. 434 2 2 Aerial view of Sidon Sidon’ s coastline (fig. 1 -2) and Ziré during the 1940s (from A. Poide- The ancient urban center was developed on a rocky promontory dom - bard and J. Lauffray, inating a 2 km wide coastal plain, flanked by the Nahr el-Awali river to 1951). -
Detailed Itinerary
Detailed Itinerary Trip Name: [10 days] People & Landscapes of Lebanon GENERAL Dates: This small-group trip is offered on the following fixed departure dates: October 29th – November 7th, 2021 February 4th – Sunday 13th, 2022 April 15th – April 24th, 2022 October 28th – November 6th, 2022 Prefer a privatized tour? Contact Yūgen Earthside. This adventure captures all the must-see destinations that Lebanon has to offer, whilst incorporating some short walks along the Lebanon Mountain Trail (LMT) through cedar forests, the Chouf Mountains and the Qadisha Valley; to also experience the sights, sounds and smells of this beautiful country on foot. Main Stops: Beirut – Sidon – Tyre – Jezzine – Beit el Din Palace – Beqaa Valley – Baalbek – Qadisha Valley – Byblos © Yūgen Earthside – All Rights Reserved – 2021 - 1 - About the Tour: We design travel for the modern-day explorer by planning small-group adventures to exceptional destinations. We offer a mixture of trekking holidays and cultural tours, so you will always find an adventure to suit you. We always use local guides and teams, and never have more than 12 clients in a group. Travelling responsibly and supporting local communities, we are small enough to tread lightly, but big enough to make a difference. DAY BY DAY ITINERARY Day 1: Beirut [Lebanon] (arrival day) With group members arriving during the afternoon and evening, today is a 'free' day for you to arrive, be transferred to the start hotel, and to shake off any travel fatigue, before the start of your adventure in earnest, tomorrow. Accommodation: Hotel Day 2: Beirut City Tour After breakfast and a welcome briefing, your adventure begins with a tour of this vibrant city, located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon’s Mediterranean coast. -
The Widow of Sarepta No
Sermon #817 Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit 1 THE WIDOW OF SAREPTA NO. 817 A SERMON DELIVERED ON LORD’S-DAY MORNING, JUNE 21, 1868, BY C. H. SPURGEON, AT THE METROPOLITAN TABERNACLE, NEWINGTON. “And the word of the Lord came unto him, saying, Arise, get you to Zarephath, which belongs to Sidon, and dwell there: behold, I have commanded a widow woman there to sustain you.” 1 Kings 17:8, 9. THE prophets taught as much by their doings as by their sayings—they were as truly prophesying to the people by the miracles which they worked, as by the messages which they delivered. There was of- tentimes a symbolic meaning in their actions; in fact, they were constantly teaching the people by out- ward symbols, which, alas, those people were usually of too dull an understanding to interpret, but which, nevertheless, were a sign to them! In the case of Elijah, a prophet of concise speech who said but little, but said that with a voice of thunder, I do not doubt that the narratives connected with his life, are meant to be to us a kind of acted prophesying, full of richest meaning. Let us see what we can gather, this morning, from the inexhaustible barrel, and unfailing cruse of the widow of Sarepta. I know not how it is that I feel bound in spirit to preach upon this incident this morning, but this widow seems to have followed me for the last two or three days with all the importunity of the widow in the parable who would take no denial; and I trust that there may be some here for whom I bear, under sacred compella- tion, a message from the Lord. -
John A. Beck E XC E R P a N T From
E XC E R P A N T from DISCOVERY HOUSE BIBLE ATLAS John A. Beck E XC E R P A N T from DISCOVERY HOUSE BIBLE ATLAS Dr. John A. Beck ν The island of Patmos where John received the content of Revelation Chapter 11 FROM JERUSALEM TO THE ENDS OF THE EARTH Jesus Ascends from the Mount of Olives Luke pays more attention to the ascension of Jesus than the other gospel writers, using it as a literary hinge between the two sub- stantial works attributed to him. It is the last event in his gospel and the first mentioned in the book of Acts. The attention it gets is fitting because the ascension of Jesus marks a new stage in life both for Jesus and for the disciples. Jesus’ mission on earth was drawing quickly to its close. He had died for the sins of all and had risen from the dead. For the next 40 days, he had shown himself to hundreds of people, giving convincing proof that he was alive, that he had risen from the dead (Acts 1:3). Now it was time for him to return to heaven where he would take his rightful seat at the right hand of his Father (Romans 8:34), “far above all rule and authority, power and dominion, and every name that is invoked, not only in the present age but also in the one to come” (Ephesians 1:21). The time of Jesus’ humiliation had given way to his full exaltation. “Therefore God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Philippians 2:9–11). -
The Phoenician Language
CHAPTER ONE THE PHOENICIAN LANGUAGE Phoenicia (Foinikia), the Greek name of Canaan (KNàN, Hebrew KÿnaÁàan), was the region in antiquity that encompassed southern Syria, Lebanon and Israel (west of the Jordan), extending roughly from Arad in the North to the Negev and Sinai in the South. In the Late Bronze and Iron Ages, the region was home to numerous peoples of com- mon origin, sharing a common culture and possessing a common language, which they called SõPT KNàN (“the language of Canaan” [Isaiah 19:18]), or Canaanite. At an early period, the peoples of Canaan had differentiated into distinct regional subgroups, part of which development was the emergence of regional dialects, some of which in turn became national languages. Phoenician was one such regional Canaanite dialect: in the strictest meaning, Phoenician was the language spoken along the coast of Lebanon roughly from Si- don in the North to Acco in the South. The indigenous name of this subregion of Canaan was Pu„t (PT ), and the name of the Canaanite subgroup inhabiting it, the Po„nnþm (Phoenicians), the gentilic deriv- ing from the place-name. Po„nnþm was also the name of the Canaan- ite dialect of the region. It is this toponym and gentilic that are the origin of Greek Foinike" and Latin Poenus and punicus, the terms by which Greeks and Romans first came to know and call the Phoenicians; and is the term by which they are still called. The main cities of Put were Tyre and Sidon, and so the term Phoenicians (Po„nnþm) came early to be synonymous with Tyrians and Sidonians and Phoenician (Po„nnþm) synonymous with Tyro-Sidonian Canaanite. -
Beiträge Zur Alten Geschichte, Papyrologie Und Epigraphik TYCHE
Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte, Papyrologie und Epigraphik TYCHE Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte, Papyrologie und Epigraphik Band 22 2007 Herausgegeben von: Gerhard Dobesch, Bemhard Palme, Peter Siewert und Ekkehard Weber Gemeinsam mit: Wolfgang Hameter und Hans Taeuber Unter Beteiligung von: Reinhold Bichler, Herbert Graßl, Sigrid Jalkotzy und Ingomar Weiler Redaktion: Franziska Beutler, Sandra Hodecek, Georg Rehrenböck und Patrick Sänger Zuschriften und Manuskripte erbeten an: Redaktion TYCHE, c/o Institut für Alte Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Universität Wien, Dr. Karl Lueger-Ring 1, A-lOlO Wien. Beiträge in deutscher, englischer, französischer, italienischer und lateinischer Sprache werden angenommen. Bei der Redaktion einlangende wissenschaftliche Werke werden angezeigt. Auslieferung: Holzhausen Verlag GmbH, Holzhausenplatz 1, A-1140 Wien verlagholzhausen @holzhausen.at Gedruckt auf holz- und säurefreiem Papier. Umschlag: IG nZ 2127 (Ausschnitt) mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Epigraphischen Museums in Athen, lnv.-Nr. 8490, und P.Vindob.Barbara 8. © 2008 by Holzhausen Verlag GmbH, Wien Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb .ddb.de abrufbar Eigentümer und Verleger: Holzhausen Verlag GmbH, Holzhausenplatz 1, A-1140 Wien Herausgeber: Gerhard Dobesch, Bernhard Palme, Peter Siewert und Ekkehard Weber, c/o Institut für Alte Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Universität Wien, Dr. Karl Lueger-Ring 1, A-lOlO Wien. e-mail: [email protected]@univie.ac.at Hersteller: Holzhausen Druck & Medien GmbH, Holzhausenplatz 1, A-1140 Wien Verlagsort: Wien. - Herstellungsort: Wien. - Printed in Austria. ISBN 3-900518-03-3 Alle Rechte vorbehalten INHALTS VERZEICHNIS Maurizio C 0 10m b 0 (Rom): Le tribu dei Pannoni in Strabone Charilaos Fra g i a d a k i s (Athen): Die böotischen Sklavennamen. -
The Phoenicians and the Formation of the Western World
Comparative Civilizations Review Volume 78 Number 78 Article 4 4-2018 The Phoenicians and the Formation of the Western World John C. Scott Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Scott, John C. (2018) "The Phoenicians and the Formation of the Western World," Comparative Civilizations Review: Vol. 78 : No. 78 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/ccr/vol78/iss78/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Comparative Civilizations Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Scott: The Phoenicians and the Formation of the Western World Comparative Civilizations Review 25 The Phoenicians and the Formation of the Western World1 John C. Scott A small maritime region, Phoenicia lay on the Eastern Mediterranean coast. The Phoenicians, who were Semites, emerged as a distinct Canaanite group around 3200 B.C. Hemmed in by the Lebanon Mountains, their first cities were Byblos, Sidon, Tyre, and Aradus.2 Scholars agree that there are two sources of the Western tradition: Judeo-Christian doctrine and ancient Greek intellectualism. More generally, there is recognition that Western civilization is largely built atop the Near Eastern civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. A basic question arises, however, as to which ancient people specifically prepared the way for the West to develop. While early Aegean cultures are often viewed as the mainspring, assessment of the growing literature reveals that the city-states of Phoenicia stimulated (Bronze Age) and fostered (Iron Age) Western civilization. -
1893.1 H Press SIDON a STUDY in ORIENTAL HISTORY
XiMi '1754. j ICOlUMBlA^ UNIVERSITY 1893.1 h Press SIDON A STUDY IN ORIENTAL HISTORY BY FREDERICK CARL EI8ELEN Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Philosophy Columbia University Nftu fork i00r Tgfts /. IX 1) Copyright 1907 By The Macmillan Company Set up and printed from the type Published, May, 1907 GRATEFULLY DEDICATED TO PROFESSOR RICHARD J. H. GOTTHEIL, Ph.D. TEACHER AND FRIEND 160781 NOTE The Mediterranean Sea is the natural meeting place of the various influences that have proceeded from three continents. The life of those cities that have taken a prominent part in developing the countries on its littoral must always be of interest to the student of history. Each city mirrors not only the general influences that were at work, but adds thereto its special quota of peculiar force. The role played by the Phoenicians, during the generations of their power and influence, as mediators be- tween conflicting interests gives to their history a certain attrac- tion. One of the chief centres of their power was the city of Sidon, and in the present volume of the Columbia University Oriental Series, Dr. F. C. Eiselen has studied the history of that city from the earliest times down to the present day. For this purpose he has gathered together the various references to be found regarding Sidon upon Assyrian and Egyptian monu- ments, in Hebrew literature, in the classical authors, in the records of pilgrims and in the historical works of Mohammedan writers. On account of the nature of the sources, his account of the life of the city must at times be disconnected. -
Paneas Caesarea Philippi and the World of the Gospels
Paneas/Caesarea Philippi and the World of the Gospels John Francis Wilson Caesarea Philippi is a place name familiar to biblical scholars. This familiarity is almost exclusively due to its presence in one very familiar text: Matt 16:13–23. Recent archaeological excavations and the accompanying attention to ancient texts, geography, and contextual history that necessarily follow such excava‐ tions are transforming an obscure place‐name into a significant reality. This paper will be limited to a discussion of what we are learning about Caesarea Philippi that relates more or less directly to the study of the gospels and earliest Christianity. Attempts to consolidate disparate bits of data, such as the present one, are admittedly in a very early and very fluid state of development. Most of the topics mentioned are discussed more fully and accompanied with much fuller documentation in my book Caesarea Philippi: Banias, the Lost City of Pan (London: IB Taurus, 2004), chaps. 1–5, and in John Francis Wilson and Vassilios Tzaferis, “A Herodian Capital in the North: Caesarea Philippi (Panias),” in The World of the Herods (ed. Nikos Kokkinos; Oriens et Occidens 14; Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 2007), 131–43. The first two volumes of the official excavation reports for Paneas are now also available.1 The Names The Paneion The name Paneion first appears in Polybius’ second‐century bce description of a battle between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies over the control of Coele Syria and Phoenicia.2 This name refers first to the large cave from which one of the major sources of the Jordan river flows and, by extension, the cult center dedicated to the god Pan that had developed around the cave and, by further extension, a geographical district named for the area’s most distinctive site. -
Sarafand Poster
SARAFAND مسار الفينيقيني THE PHOENICIANS' ROUTE الصرفند INTRODUCTION Sarafand is a Lebanese local authority which is located in Saida (Sidon) District, an administrative division of South Lebanon Governorate. Sarepta is less prominent in the record, yet the appearance of the name of the city in ancient Egyptian, Assyrian, Hebrew, and Greek documents of various dates can provide a framework for its history. In the eyes of the Western world, however, Sarepta enjoyed a prominence throughout more than a millennium which not even Tyre and Sidon could match. As early as the fourth century A.D., Christian pilgrims from Europe began to visit the site. HISTORICAL MAPPING Harbors at a deep of 17 meters, two sea- ports each 100 me- ters but divided due to geological motion of the earth. Pave- ments prove the ex- istence of a city that used to depend on the commerce and A the sea during the Phoenician era. It is built on the edge of the mound, overlooking Yarmouta the harbor, which lies 50 meters. To the north, the industrial area of the city is located directly to the south and is separated from the shrine by a narrow street. Discovery of The Shrine of Tanit-Ashtart at Sarepta in 1972. The Phoenician harbor became an Ottoman har- bor afterwards. Ottoman Harbor Obviously, the site has been occupied at least two centuries before the Roman port was built. But there is no Phoenician presence. The Roman Port Beside Modern Harbor Mound at Ras El-Qantara 133 B.C. The stone blocks show lay- ers of stratified deposits of ancient habitation that would provide at the very outset a record of human occupation at the site. -
Diplomacy, Society, and War in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, C.1240-1291
The Frankish Nobility and The Fall of Acre: Diplomacy, Society, and War in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, c.1240-1291 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Jesse W. Izzo IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Michael Lower October 2016 © Jesse W. Izzo, May 2016 i Acknowledgements It is a welcome task indeed to thank some of the many individuals and institutions that have helped me bring this project to fruition. I have enjoyed a good deal of financial support from various institutions without which this project would not have been possible. I extend my heartfelt thanks to the UMN Graduate School and College of Liberal Arts; to the History Department; to the Centers for Medieval Studies and Early Modern History at Minnesota; to the U.S. Department of Education for providing me with a Foreign Language and Area Studies award to study Arabic; and to the U.S.-Israel Education Foundation and Fulbright program, for making possible nine months of research in Jerusalem I cannot name all the marvelous educators I had in secondary school, so O.J. Burns and Ian Campbell of Greens Farms Academy in Westport, CT, two of the very best there have ever been, will need to stand for everyone. Again, I had too many wonderful professors as an undergraduate to thank them all by name, but I do wish to single out Paul Freedman of Yale University for advising my senior essay. My M.Phil. supervisor, Jonathan Riley-Smith, emeritus of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, helped set me on my way in researching the Crusades and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, as he has done for so many students before me. -
The Religious Life in Hellenistic Phoenicia: ‘Middle Ground’ and New Agencies
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/8/2013, SPi 2 The Religious Life in Hellenistic Phoenicia: ‘Middle Ground’ and New Agencies Corinne Bonnet HELLENISTIC PHOENICIA: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Since Jörg Rüpke has initiated a reflection on ‘Religious individual- ization in historical perspective’, I have selected the case study of Phoenician cults in the Hellenistic period, already pointed out by Fergus Millar as a singular example of ‘hellenization’.1 Our concern, regarding this process, will be the creation of cross-cultural com- promises and the emergence of new paradigms in religious agency characterized, or not, by an increasing role of the individual. Thus, any quick equation of ‘hellenization’ and ‘individualization’, as prof- fered by Louis Dumont2, for example, is replaced by a more complex analysis of this process—as a more precise treatment of the notion of individualization. Let us first present the main elements of the histor- ical context. From 332 bc the small Phoenician kingdoms were part of the new empire conquered by Alexander and his army, with important changes on different levels. On the political level the local dynasties disappeared3 within two or three generations and the Phoenician cities were fully integrated in the Ptolemaic or Seleucid empires. On 1 Millar 1983. See also Millar 1987; Grainger 1992 (reviewed by MacAdam 1993); Sartre 2001. 2 Dumont 1983. 3 Eddy 1961; Verkinderen 1987. OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/8/2013, SPi 42 Corinne Bonnet the linguistic and cultural levels, the Greek koinè generally spread and the Phoenician people often adopted Greek names, although Phoen- ician inscriptions and names are still present until at least the first century bc.4 In the material culture, Greek models of, for example, pottery, dresses, and coinage are very successful.