World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 10 (4): 36-39, 2018 ISSN 2078-4589 © IDOSI Publications, 2018 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjfms.2018.36.39

Relative Abundance, Morphomeric Measurement and Ichthyofaunal Diversity of River Kurram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paksitan

12Muhammad Nasir Khabir, H. Jameel Ur Rehman, 11Amir Sohail Khan and Zaigham hassan

1Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan 2Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan

Abstract: The present exploration was carried out in River Kurram from January 2013 to June 2013 at three stations in to study changes in ichthyofaunistic diversity. Total 25 of fishes were reported during whole study time. Family Cyprinidae was the most prevailing one represented by 16 species, Family Nemacheilidae and by three species each and Family Siluridae, Cichilidae and Mastacembelidae were represented by single species each. Simpson diversity index shows that river kurram have rich ichthyofaunal diversity.

Key words: River Kurram Ichthyofaunistic

INTRODUCTION Objectives of the Study This Study Was Aimed to Determine: Biodiversity is the multiplicity of life on this planet. Fish biodiversity of river Kurram, Pakistan. It is grand life science which relates with the study of To compare present status of fish fauna with living things including and plants, their previous record. intraspecific and interspecific variation [1]. Study of this vast diversity of life is an essential subject of Study Area: The Bannu district is positioned in the today’s world. It is necessary for stabilization of province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan. It sandwiched ecological unit and guard of overall environmental between 32°.43' to 33°.06' latitude north and as of 70°.22' excellence [2]. Study of fish Biodiversity commonly to 70°.57' east longitudes. From north west side, river called as ichthyodiversity relates to diversity of kurram got entry in to the district which passes in south species of fish inhabits some special region [3]. east direction through the whole district [9]. Fishes comprise more than half of total vertebrates in number. Of these total 54711 documented Kurram River: River Kurram rises in Afghanistan from species of vertebrates over the world, 28000 are where it passes through district Khost of Afghanistan valid species of fishes [4]. Currently there are about and got entry in kurram valley of Pakistan. Then it flows 28000 live species of fishes. Of these total live fish throughout the Kurram agency and reach the district species, about 27000 species are of osteichthyes, Hangu. Here it flows in South ward towards North 970 species of chondrichthyes and 108 species of Waziristan agency where it takes delivery of river Kaitu agnathans. More or less 56.6 % of fish species are and got entry to district Bannu. Passing district Bannu, it oceanic, 42.7% fish species live in freshwater and finally drops in river Indus through narrow gorge (Darra 0.7% are diadromous fishes [5]. Fish is one of the Tang) [10]. significant group of vertebrates which persuade the life of mankind in various ways [6]. These aquatic MATERIALS AND METHODS animals (Fishes) are the main part of an aquatic ecosystem having high-quality economic value, as they Three different stations were chosen in the river for provide the healthful and appetizing food for human sampling of water and fish capture. Fish collection was being. carried out from January, 2013 to June, 2013. Different

Corresponding Author: Muhammad Nasir Khabir, Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan. E-mail: [email protected]. 36 World J. Fish & Marine Sci., 10 (4): 36-39, 2018 types of fish gears with exemption of inhuman ways species, collected from the river. Like the preceding record like poisoning and use of electric current were used. this catch was also dominated by family Cyprinidae The gears used were hand net, drag net and mesh cloth. consists of 15 species followed by Nemacheilidae and The collected specimens of fishes were preserved in 10% Sisoridae having three species each. Family Cichilidae, formalin solution. During collection of large sized fish Mastacembelidae and Siluridae were represented by only specimens, 37% formaldehyde were also injected through a single species. The reported 25 species of fishes, their hypodermic syringes for good preservation. Following relative abundance and percent catch have been Standard taxonomic keys were used for identification of presented in the Table 1. collected specimens up to species level. From the current study it is concluded that family Fauna of Lahore [11] cyprinidae is the most dominant and homogeneous family Fishes of Punjab, Pakistan [12] and most of its species are found in each collection spot. Freshwater fishes of the Indian Region [13] Among the reported 25 species, 16 species belong to of India [14] family cyprinidae which is the sign of most prominent Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries [15]. family of the river Kurram. Some species of fishes were found throughout the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION study time and shows that they are the resident species of this river. Such species include Barilius vagra, Ichthyofaunistic survey of River Kurram was made Barilius pakistanicus, Barilius naseeri, Aspidoparia from January, 2013 to June, 2013 at three different morar, Chela laubuca, punjabensis and stations, a total 819 specimens were trapped, comprised of Oreochromis aureus. The existence of these species in 25 species belonging to two super orders (Ostriophysi each collection shows that they can bear changes in and Acanthopterygii), four orders (Cypriniformes, physico-chemical properties of water of the river. Siluriformes, Mastacembeliformes and Perciformes), six Species like Oreochromis aureus is the only species families (Cyprinidae, Namacheilidae, Siluridae, Sisoridae, found at one station only. This fish species found in an Mastacembelidae and Cichilidae) and sixteen genera. area of river where river bottom is entirely sandy and lack The order Cypriniformes ranked first among the five stones. In these areas, these fishes reside in nests under orders. The Cypriniformes exhibited the diversity of 19 the sand and always seen in school form.

Table 1: Shows total reported fish species from River Kurram Order Family Scientific Name No. of specimens Percent catch Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Barilius vagra 174 21.27 % B. pakintanicus 55 6.72 % B. modestus 18 2.2 % B. naseeri 52 6.35 % Puntius ticto 5 0.61 % P. conchonius 12 1.47 % P. sophore 10 1.22 % Cirrihinus mrigala 40 4.89 % C. reba 10 1.22 % Aspidoparia morar 199 24.32 % Labeo dyocheilus 2 0.24 % L. boga 2 0.12 % Systomus sarana 1 0.12 % Gara gotyla 52 6.35 % Crossocheilus diplocheilus 25 3.05 % Chela laubuca 34 4.16 % Namacheilidae Schistura prashari 9 1.10 % Nemacheilus corica 11 1.13 % Triplophysa microps 3 0.37 % Siluriformes Siluridae Ompok pabda 2 0.24 % Sisoridae Glyptothorax punjabensis 34 4.16 % G. cavia 2 0.24 % G. sufii 10 1.22 % Mastacembeliformes Mastacembelidae Mastacembelus armatus 2 0.24 % Perciformes Cichilidae Oreochromis aureus 55 6.71%

37 World J. Fish & Marine Sci., 10 (4): 36-39, 2018

Table 2: Morphometric measurement (cm) of reported species from the River Kurram S. No Fish Species T.L S.L F.L P.O.L H.D E.D B.D B.W 1 Barilius vagra 8.2 6.3 7.1 5.7 1.6 0.4 1.3 0.7 2 B. pakintanicus 8 6.3 7 5.4 1.7 0.4 1.7 0.8 3 B. modestus 8.9 6.6 7.4 7.9 1.6 0.4 1.4 0.8 4 B. naseeri 7.5 5.9 6.9 6.5 1.6 0.3 1.2 0.9 5 Puntius ticto 6.5 4.4 5.9 4.7 1.1 0.3 1.5 0.6 6 P. conchonius 6 4.7 5.3 5.2 1 0.3 1.8 0.9 7 P. sophore 8.2 6.4 7.4 5.7 1.6 0.4 2.6 1.1 8 Cirrihinus mrigala 17.5 13.5 15 13 3.4 0.5 2.5 1.9 9 C. reba 14 10.4 12 10.4 2.4 0.5 2.3 1.7 10 Aspidoparia morar 11.5 9.2 10 8 1.9 0.5 1.8 1.2 11 Labeo dyocheilus 16.2 12.6 14.3 11.4 2.9 0.5 2.3 1.7 12 L. boga 18 14.7 15.9 13.6 3.5 0.6 3 1.8 13 Systomus sarana 6 4.4 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 1.1 0.7 14 Gara gotyla 15.1 10.9 12.7 8.9 2.7 0.4 2.1 1.9 15 Crossocheilus diplocheilus 13.3 10.5 11.7 9.3 2 0.4 2.7 2.3 16 Chela laubuca 5.4 4.1 4.5 3.9 1 0.3 1.3 0.5 17 Schistura prashari 4.5 3.8 4.3 3.1 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.6 18 Nemacheilus corica 4.4 3.3 3.9 2.9 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 19 Triplophysa microps 6 4.7 - 4 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.5 20 Ompok pabda 15.8 13.4 14.5 14.2 3.2 0.5 3.3 1.6 21 Glyptothorax punjabensis 11.8 9.8 10.4 7.9 2.5 0.1 1.9 1.5 22 Glyptothorax cavia 7.4 6 6.8 6.4 1.3 0.1 1.1 1.1 23 Glyptothorax sufii 9.4 7.6 8.3 6.4 1.7 0.1 1.7 1.4 24 Mastacembelus armatus 32 28 - 29 2.8 0.4 2.6 2.1 25 Oreochromis aureus 10.5 8.4 - 6.9 2.8 0.8 3 1.4

Species like Ompok pabda was also found only at putitora, Mystus bleekeri, Mystus aor, Notopterus one Station. These fishes found in water having severe notopterus and Channa striata are missing in this survey water quality. which was formerly reported by Shahjehan and Khan [16] The same river was formerly studied by different from River Kurram at Bannu. researchers i-e Shahjehan and Khan [16] reported 17 species from River Kurram at Bannu. In this survey seven Morphometric Measurement: Morphometric species are reported which were previously also reported measurements of captured fishes were also determined. by Shahjehan and Khan [16] include Aspidoporia morar, All the captured specimen were measured using standard Cirrhinus reba, Glyptothorax cavia, Labeo dyochelius, protocol for total length (TL), standard length (SL), focal Labeo boga, Mastacembalus armatus and Puntius ticto. length (FL), post orbital length (POL), head diameter (HD), In the similar ichthyofaunistic study of Baran Dam, eye diameter (ED), body depth (BD) and body width (BW) Bannu (Feeded by river Kurram) Shahjehan and Khan [17] and then average was taken for final results. The reported reported 26 species. Among these 26 species, ten species morphometric measurement are given in Table 2. are in common with river kurram fish species. In the present ichthyofaunal survey 18 new species CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS are recorded from river Kurram in district Bannu i-e Barilius Pakistanicus, Barilius vagra, Barilius modestus, Among the total reported 25 species from river Barilius naseeri, Puntius conchonius, Puntius sophore, Kurram, four new species were reported which were not Systomas sarana, Cirrihinus mrigala, Chela laubuca, previously reported from the said river in Pakistan i-e Gara gotyla, Crossocheilus diplocheilus, Schistura Barilius naseeri, Chela laubuca, Glyptothorax suffi and prashari, Nemacheilus corica, Triplophysa microps, Oreochromis aureus. The morphometric measurement of Ompok pabda, Glyptothorax punjabensis, Glypotothorax caught fauna shows that size of fish is going to become sufii and Oreochromis aureus. These species were very small due to many environmental stress and illegal previously reported from river Kurram flowing through hunting. It is therefore recommended that government other districts. Species like Labeo boga, Salmostoma should prohibit illegal hunting strictly and also implement bacaila, Rita rita, Schizothorax plagiostomas, Tor rules to minimize environmental stress on aquatic life.

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