GERMAN SETTLEMENTS AND IMMIGRANTS IN : A BIBLIOGRAPHY

Compiled By KLAUS WUST This bibliography of books, pamphlets and articles is a by-product of almost twenty years of research into the history and the acculturation process of the German element in Virginia and neighboring states to the west and south. An attempt has been made to include not only material specifically dealing with the Germans and German-Swiss but also writings of local and church historians containing a good deal of information on the German segment of the population. The 328 entries have been arranged according to subjects and periods in order to increase the usefulness of this compilation for students of particular topics. A selective process was necessitated both by reasons of space and by the decision to concentrate on such printed sources as are accessible either in the larger libraries of Virginia or in the Library of Congress and the New York Public Library. Items of the following types were generally omitted: 1. Virginia German imprints not containing historical or related information; 2. Family histories and genealogical material; 3. Local historical material of secondary interest to students of German immigration. (This applies particularly to the Shenan- doah Valley for which a general bibliography is being prepared by the Folklore Society in Harrisionburg.) 4. Synodical and conference minutes of the Lutheran and Reformed churches. 5. Constitutions and by-laws of German fraternal societies. 6. Newspaper articles containing information available in other pub- lished items. For printed sources on the general background of German immigration and settlement in the United States, the user of this list is referred to the following major bibliographical compilations: Emil Meynen, Bibliography on German Settlements in Colonial North America (Leipzig, 1937). Henry A. Pochmann and Arthur R. Schultz, Bibliography of German Culture in America to 1940 (Madison, Wis., 1953). "Bibliography Americana Germanica," published annually for 1941- 1966 in The American-German Review, for 1967 ff., in The German Quarterly. Dieter Cunz, " Bibliography," in The Germans (Princeton, N. J., 1948), 439-49. Further information, particularly on manuscript sources and unpublished documents, will be available from the annotations of a comprehensive his-

[ 47 ] tory, Klaus Wust, The Virginia Germans, to be published within the next months by The University Press of Virginia. The following abbreviations have been used: AGR—American German Review. ECK— " 'S Pennsylvaanisch Deitsch Eck," publ. weekly in the Allen- town Morning Call, reprinted regularly for libraries, ed. by Preston A. Barba. NGSQ — National Genealogical Society Quarterly. SHGM — The Report, Society for the History of the Germans in Maryland. VB — " Virginische Blätter," column on German source material in Washington Journal, Jan. 21-Nov. 25, 1966, ed. by Klaus Wust. VMHB — Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. WMQ — William and Mary Quarterly.

[48] I. GERMANS IN VIRGINIA —General Faust, Albert B., " The Germans in Virginia," tory of the Germans in Maryland, Vol. I in Faust, The German Element in the in XI and XII, Vol. II in XIII and XIV.] United States, Second ed., (New York, Wayland, John W., The German Element of 1927) I, 177-211. the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia (Char- Kaufmann, Wilhelm, "Auf alten deutschen lottesville, Va., 1907). Spuren in Virginien," Deutsch-Amerikani- ——— ————, " The Germans of the Valley," sche Geschichtsblätter VIII (1908) 9-15. VMHB, IX (1901-2) 337-52; X (1902-3) Smith, Elmer L., John G. Stewart and M. 33-48, 113-30. Ellsworth Kyger, The Ger- ———— ————," The Pennsylvania German in mans of the Shenandoah Valley (Allen- the Valley of Virginia," The Pennsylvania town, Pa., 1964). German X (1909) 1-78. Schuricht, Herrmann, History of the German Wust, Klaus, " Settlement and Acculturation Element in Virginia, I (Baltimore, 1898), of Germans in Western Virginia," Year II (Baltimore, 1900). [Issued as appen- Book 1966, American Philosophical Society dices to The Report, Society for the His- (Philadelphia, 1967) 560-2. II. COLONIAL IMMIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT A. 17th Century Forerunners Barbour, Philip L., "The Identity of the of Bohemia Manor in Maryland (Engle- First Poles in America," WMQ 3rd ser, wood, , 1941). XXI (1964) 77-94. Keach, 0. A. "The Hack Family," Tyler's Carrier, Lyman, " The Veracity of John Quarterly VII (1925) 253-62. Lederer," WMQ 2nd ser., XIX (1939) [Lederer, John], The Discoveries of John 435-45. Lederer . . . Collected and Translated out Gumming, William P. (ed), The Discoveries of Latin from His Discourse and Writings of John Lederer with Unpublished Letters by Sir William Talbot (London, 1672). by and about Lederer to Governor John Reprinted: (Charleston, S. C., 1891), and Winthrop, Jr. (Charlottesville, Va., 1958). (Rochester, N. Y., 1902). Cnnz, Dieter, " John Lederer, Significance and Rattermann, Heinrich A., " Der Erste Erfor- Evaluation," WMQ 2nd ser., XXII (1942) scher des Alleghany-Gebirges Johannes 175-85. Lederer," Der Deutsche Pionier VIII (Cin- Heck, Earl L. W., Augustine Herman, Be- cinnati, 1877) 399-407, 456-60, 484-95. ginner of the Virginia Tobacco Trade, Mer- Wust, Klaus, " German Craftsmen in James- chant of New Amsterdam and First Lord town," AGR, XXIII (1957) iv, 10-11.

B. German and Swiss Emigration Schemes Adams, Percy C., " Real Author of William Carolina," Archiv des Historischen Vereins Byrd's Natural ," Amer- des Kantons Bern XLII (1953) 251-90. ican Literature XXVIII (1956) 211-20. Kemper, Charles E. (ed), " Documents Re- [Byrd, William], Neu-refundenes Eden, Oder lating to Early Projected Swiss Colonies in ausführlicher Bericht van Süd- und Nord- the Valley of Virginia, 1706-1709," VMHB, Carolina, Pensilphania, Mary-Land & Vir- XXIX (1921), 1-17, 180-82. ginia ([Bern], 1737). ———— ——— (ed), " Documents Relating to [——— ————], William Byrd's Natural His- a Proposed Swiss and German Colony in tory of Virginia or the Newly Discovered the Western Part of Virginia," VMHB, Eden, ed. and transl. by Richmond Crown XXIX (1921) 183-90, 287-91. Beatty and William J. Mulloy (Richmond, 1940). [German original on pp. 96-202.] Michel Franz, " Report of the Journey of Graf, J. H., " Franz Michel von Bern und F. L. Michel from Berne, Switzerland, to seine ersten Reisen nach Amerika 1701- Virginia, Oct. 2, 1701-Dec. 1, 1702," transl. 1704," Neues Berner Taschenbuch auf das by William J. Hinke, VMHB, XXIV Jahr 1898 (Bern, 1897) 59-144. (1916) 1-43, 113-41. Keller, Hans G., " Christoph von Graffenried Milbourne, Anne V. Strickler (ed), " Colony und die Gründung von Neu-Bern in Nord- West of the Blue Ridge Proposed by Jacob [ 49 ]

Stauber and Others, 1731 etc.," VMHB, Todd, Vincent H. (ed), Christoph Van Graf- XXXV (1927) 175-90, 258-66; XXXVI fenried's Account of the Founding of New (1928) 54-70. Risch, Erna, " Encouragement of Immigration Bern (Raleigh, N. C., 1920). as Revealed in Colonial Legislation," Williams, Lloyd H., " The Tragic Shipwreck VMHB, XLV (1937) 1-10. of the Protestant Switzers," WMQ 3rd ser., IX (1952) 539-42. C. Settlement

a. Spotsylvania and Orange Counties b. Fauquier County " Wahrhaffte Nachricht von einer Hochteut- Hackley, W. B., "The Original Survey of schen Evangelischen Colonie zu German- German Town," Germanna Record II town, In Nord-Virginien hi America, und (1962) 5-10. derselben Dringendliches Ansuchen an Ihre ———— ————, " The Plat of Germantown," Glaubens-Genossen in Europa," Extra- Germanna Record II (1962) 77-81. ordinare Kayserliche Reichs-Post-Zeitung (Frankfurt) June 15, 1720. Harrison, Fairfax, " Germantown," in Harri- [Wahrhaffte Nachricht], "North Virginia son, Landmarks of Old Prince William Church History," (English transl.) The (Richmond, 1924) I, 207-21. Perkiomen Region Past and Present II Holtzclaw, B. C., " Germantown Revisited," (Philadelphia, 1900) 14-6. Germanna Record II (1962) 11-76. Cappon, Lester J. (ed), Iron Works at Kemper, Charles E., "The History of Ger- Tubatt: Terms and Conditions for Their mantown," Bulletin, Fauquier Historical Lease as Stated by Society II (1922) 125-33. (Charlottesville, Va., 1945). [Kemper, Charles E. (ed.)], "Count Orders Embrey, Alvin T., " The German in Freder- from Orange County Naturalizing Ger- icksburg's History, 1669-1702-1776," in mans," VMHB, XII (1904) 76-7. Embrey, History of Fredericksburg, Vir- ginia (Richmond, 1937) pp. 16-27. Kemper, James, "Life's Review," in Willis M. Kemper and Harry L. Wright, Geneal- Graffenried, Christoph von, " The Graffen- ogy of the Kemper Family in the United ried Manuscripts," ed. by Albert B. Faust, States (Chicago, 1899), pp. 38-40. German-American Annals XI (Philadel- phia, 1913) 205-312; XII (1914) 63-190. c. Madison County Hartnack, Karl, " Die erste Niederlassung Carpenter, Delma R., " The Germanna von Siegerlandern in den Vereinigten Colony of 1717: Madison County, Vir- Staaten," Siegerland VIII (Siegen, 1926) ginia," Germanna Reunion IV (1960) 15-8. 49-52. Hinke, William J. (ed), "The Germans in Hinke, William J., " The First German Re- Madison County, Virginia. Documents formed Colony in Virginia: 1714-1750," Bearing on Then- History," VMHB, XIV Journal of the Presbyterian Historical So- (1906) 186-70. ciety II (1903) 1-17, 98-110, 140-50. Holtzclaw, B. C., The Second Germanna ———— ————, "The 1714 Colony of Ger- Colony of 1717, Other Germanna Pioneers, manna, Virginia," VMHB, XL (1932) The So-Called Third Germanna Colony of 317-27; XLI (1933) 41-9. 1719, and Later Comers to the Hebron Holtzclaw, B. C., Ancestry and Descendants Church Community (Harrisonburg, Va., of the Nassau-Siegen Immigrants to Vir- 1965). [Publ. as Germanna Record No. 6] ginia 1714-1750 (Harrisonburg, Va., 1964) Keith, Arthur Leslie, " The German Colony [Publ. as Germanna Record No. 5]. of 1717," VMHB, XXVI (1917-8) 79-95, Luck, Alfred, Eisen, Erg und Abenteuer 178-95, 234-49. (Siegen, 1955). Stoever, Johann Caspar, Sr., Kurtze Nach- Mannhart, Emil, " Der Ursprung Germanna's, richt von einer Evangelisch-Lutherischen der ersten deutschen Niederlassung in Vir- Deutschen Gemeinde in dem Americani- ginien," Deutsch-Amerikanische Geschichts- schen Virginien, und zwar an den eusser- blatter II (1903) 28-32. sten Grentzen des Ammts Spotsilvanien wohnend (Hanover, 1737). Vann, Elizabeth, and M. C. D. Dixon, Vir- ginia's First German Colony (Richmond, d. Culpeper and Loudoun Counties 1961). Goodhart, Briscoe, " The German Settlement. Wayland, John W., Germanna: Outpost of Early History of this Interesting Section Adventure 1714-1956 (Harrisonburg, Va., of Loudoun County," Telephone (Hamil- 1956). ton, Va.) Jan. 26 & Feb. 2, 1900. [ 50 ]

——— ————, " The Pennsylvania Germans near Jeffersonton, Culpeper County, Va." in Loudoun County, Virginia," The Penn- Oermanna Reunion IV (1960) 5-14, 19-24. sylvania German IX (1908) 125-83. [Irion, Jacob], " Jacob Irion schreibt aus Cul- peper County an seine Pfälzer Familie Holtzclaw, B. C., " The Little Fork Colony. 1766," ed. by Haus Wust, 15-16 VB May The Second Colony from Nassau-Siegen 12, 27, 1966. D. Valley Settlement a. Shenandoah Valley — General Norris, J. E., History of the Lower Shenan- Chalkley, Lyman, " Before the Gates of the doah Valley Counties of Frederick, Berke- Wilderness Road," VMHB, XXX (1922) ley, Jefferson and Clarke (Chicago, 1890). 183-202. Quarles, Garland R., The Churches of Win- ——— ————, Chronicles of the Scotch-Irish chester, Virginia: A Brief History of Those Settlements in Virginia, Extracted from the Established prior to 1886 (Winchester, Va., Original County Records of Augusta 1960). County, 1746-1800, 3 vols. (Rosslyn, Va., Smyth, S. Gordon, "Hans Joest Heydt, the 1912). Story of a Perkiomen Pioneer," The Penn- Hays, Kizzie, " Glimpses of Pioneer Life in sylvania German X (1909) 330-8. the Shenandoah Valley," Penn-Germania I " Transcript of the Record in the Suit of (1912) 695-6. the Representatives of Joist Hite and Kemper, Charles E., " Early Westward Robert Green Against the R. Hon. Thomas, Movement, 1722-1734," VMHB, XII Lord Fairfax, and Others [Excerpts], in (1904-5) 337-52; XIII (1905-6) 1-6, 113- Josiah Look Dickinson, The Fairfax Pro- 38, 281-97, 351-74. prietary (Front Royal, Va., 1959), pp. i- ——— ———, " The Settlement of the Val- lvii. ley," VMHB, XXX (1922) 169-82. c. Shenandoah County ——— ————, " Valley of Virginia Notes," Cadden, Virginia H., et al., The Story of VMHB, XXX (1922) 398-402; XXXI Strasburg (Strasburg, Va., 1961). (1923) 245-52. Haun, Eleanor Grabill (ed), Woodstock Bi- Kercheval, Samuel, A History of the Valley centennial (Woodstock, Va., 1952). of Virginia (Winchester, Va., 1833). Wayland, John W., A History of Shenan- doah County, Virginia (Strasburg, Va., [Strasburg, Va., 1925] 1927). Nachricht van der Provinz Virginien in Nord- Wust, Klaus, " Jacob Funk—Landspekulant America (Frankfurt, 1772). am Shenandoah und Potomac," 23 VB Wayland, John W., "Shenandoah Valley Aug. 19, 1966. Chronology," Rockingham Recorder I (1946) 157-77; II (1958-61) 103-11, 163- d. Page County 81, 240-69. Kemper, C. E., " Adam Mueller, First White ———— ————, Twenty-Five Chapters on the Settler in the Valley of Virginia," VMHB, Shenandoah Valley (Strasburg, Va., 1957). X (1902) 84-5. ——— ————, Virginia Valley Records Miller, Lizzie B., "First Settler in the Val- (Strasburg, Va., 1930). ley," WMQ 1st ser. IX (1900) 132-3. Strickler, Harry M., Massanutten, Settled by b. Frederick County the Pennsylvania Pilgrim 1786 (Strasburg, Cartmell, T. K., Shenandoah Valley Pioneers Va., 1924). and Their Descendants: A History of ———— ———, A Short History of Page Frederick County from Its Formation in County, Virginia (Richmond, 1952). 1738 to 1908 (Winchester, Va., 1909). Gruber, M. A., "Early German Settlement e. Rockingham County of Winchester," The Pennsylvania German Carr, Maria G., My Recollections of Rock- V (Lebanon, Pa., 1904) 93-4. town, now Known as Harrisonburg (Har- Laidley, W. S., " Catarina Beierlein," West risonburg, Va., 1959). Virginia Historical Magazine Quarterly IV Wayland, John W., " The Germans in Rock- (1904) 19-21. ingham County," Penn Germania III 1914) 162-72. ——— ————, "Jost Kite, Pioneer of the ———— ————, Historic Harrisonburg (Staun- Shenandoah Valley, 1732," ton, Va., 1949). Historical Magazine Quarterly III (1903) 99-118. ——— ————, A History of Rockingham County, Virginia (Dayton, Va., 1912). Morton, [Oren] Frederick, The Story of Win- chester in Virginia (Strasburg, Va., 1925). [ 51 ]

f. Augusta and Highland Counties Kegley, Frederick Bittle, Kegliey's Virginia Kemper, Charles E., " Historical Notes from Frontier, The Beginnings of the Southwest the Records of Augusta County, Virginia," (Roanoke, Va., 1938). Papers and Addresses of the Lancaster Norona, Delf (ed), " Joshua Fry's Report on County Historical Society XXV (1921) the Back Settlements of Virginia," VMHB, 89-92, 147-55. LVI (1948) 22-41. Morton, Oren F., A History of Highland Saling, John Peter, " A Brief Account of the County, Virginia (Monterey, Va., 1911). Travels of John Peter Salley, A German Waddell, Joseph A., Annals of Augusta Who Lives in the County of Augusta, Vir- County from 1736 to 1871 (Staunton, Va., ginia," in William M. Darlington, Chris- 1902). topher Gist's Journals (Pittsburgh, 1893) g. Southwestern Virginia 253-60. Eisenberg, William Edward, "Early Luth- Stalnaker, Leo, Captain Samuel Stalnaker, erans in Western Virginia," Journal of the Colonial Soldier and Early Pioneer Roanoke Historical Society IV (1967) No. (Tampa, Fla., 1938). 1, 34-8. Stoner, Robert Douthat, A Seed-Bed of the Harrison, Fairfax, " The Virginians on the Republic. A Study of the Pioneers in the Ohio and Mississippi in 1742," VMHB, Upper (Southern) Valley of Virginia (Roa- XXX (1922) 203-22. [John Peter Saling's noke, Va., 1962). Journal pp. 211-22] Heavener, U. S. A., German New River Set- Whitman, John A., Historical Facts about tlement—Virginia (s. 1., 1929). the Churches of Wythe County (Wythe- ville, Va., 1939). Hess, F. W., "Johann Sailing, der deutsche Indianer," Der Deutsche Pionier IX (Cin- Wilson, Goodridge, Smyth County History cinnati, 1877) 401-8. and Traditions (Kingsport, Tenn., 1932).

E. Revolutionary War a. Germans in the Revolution Wallace, Paul A. W., The Muhlenbergs of Hart, Freeman H., The Vattey of Virginia Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1950). in the American Revolution 1763-1789 Wayland, John W., "Loyal to the King," (Chapel Hill, N. C., 1942). Rockingham Recorder II (1958) 15-20. Hite, Isaac, "Memoranda Copied from the ———— ————, " Muhlenberg at Woodstock," Note Book of Major Isaac Hite, of Belle Chapter XI in Twenty-Five Chapters pp. Grove, Frederick County, Va.," WMQ 1st 135-44. ser. X (1901-2) 120-3. b. German Mercenary Troops Holtzclaw, Benjamin C., " Germanna De- Bowie, Lucy L., " German Prisoners in the scendants in Colonial Wars," Germanna American Revolution," Maryland Histori- Reunion VI (1962) 25-8, VII (1963) 26-9. cal Magazine XL (1945) 185-200. Gilbert, David M., " Muhlenberg's Ministry [Doehla, Johann CJ, " The Doehla Journal," in Virginia-—A Chapter in Luthero-F.pis- transl. by Robert J. Tilden, WMQ 2ns ser. copal Church History," Quarterly Review XXII (1942) 229-74. of the Evangelical Lutheran Church XIV [Popp, Stephan], "Popp's Journal 1777-1783," (Gettysburg, Pa., 1884) 479-500. transl. by Joseph G. Rosengarten, Pennsyl- Hocker, Edward W., The Fighting Parson of vania Magazine of History and Biography the American Revolution; A Biography of XXVI (1902) 25-41, 245-54. General Peter Muhlenberg (Philadelphia, Smith, Glenn C., " Charlottesville, Virginia 1936). and the American Revolution, 1775-1783," Tyler"s Quarterly XXIV (1943) iii, 172-87. Muhlenberg, Henry A., The Life of Major- " Staunton in Virginien, 1. Jun. 1779," Sch- General Peter Muhlenberg of the Revolu- lözers Briefwechsel meist historischen und tionary Army (Philadelphia, 1849). politlichen Inhalts, Part V, Vol. XXX, Staake, William Heaton, Address at the Un- No. 59, 413-20. veiling of the Monument of General Peter Wust, Klaus, "Fähndrich Carl Friedrich Muhlenberg (Philadelphia, 1910). Führer," 24 VB Aug. 28, 1966. [52 ]

F. German Religious Bodies a. Diaries and Memoirs of Ministers in North and South Carolina (Philadelphia, Finck, William J. (ed), " Diary of Christian 1872). Streit July 19, 1785 to November 28, Cassell, Charles W., W. J. Finck and Elon 0. 1788," in W. E. Eisenberg, Thin Heritage Henkel (eds), History of the Lutheran pp. 324-65. Church in Virginia and East [Henkel, Paul], Ansprache an die gesammten (Strasburg, Va., 1930). ten Glieder . . . Mit Auszug des Reise- Eisenberg, William Edward, The Lutheran bericlites des Herrn J. Paul Hinkel vom Church in Virginia 1717-1962 (Roanoke, 21sten August, bis 13ten November 1810 Va., 1967). (Philadelphia, 1810). Finck, William J., "Paul Henkel, the Lu- [——— ————], Eine Reisebeschreibung van theran Pioneer," The Lutheran Quarterly Pfr. Paulus Henkel; Vom SSten May bis LVI (Gettysburg, Pa., 1926) 307-34. zum ISten August, im Jahr 1811 (New ———— ———, " Virginia ," The Market, Va., 1812). Lutheran Church Quarterly III (Gettys- [——— ———], "Pioneer Home Mission burg, Pa., 1930) 873-87. Work: Some Leaves from the Journal of Flohr, George Daniel, " Popular and Evan- the Rev. Paul Henkel (1806)," Our Church gelic Sermons," in J. T. Tabler (ed), Ser- Paper (New Market) Sept. 24, 1902. mons and Essays (Baltimore, 1840) pp. [——— ————]; "Rev Paul Henkel's Jour- 1-265. nal, His Missionary Journey to the State Fortenbaugh, Robert, " American Lutheran of Ohio in 1806," ed. and trans. by Clement Synods and Slavery, 1830-60," Journal of L. Martzolff, and F. E. Cooper, Ohio Religion XIII (1938) 72-92. Archaeological and Historical Quarterly Fox, L. A., " Origin and Early History of XXIII (1914) 162-218. the Tennessee Synod," Quarterly Review Hinke, William J. (ed), " Diarium eimer of the Evangelical Lutheran Church XIX Eeise von Bethlehem, Pa. nach Betharaba, (Gettysburg, Pa., 1889) 45-68. N. C. von October 8 bis November 28, Greiner, J. B., " Synod of Southwest Vir- 1753," German American Annals, new ser., ginia," Quarterly Review of the Evangelical III (Philadelphia, 1905) 342-56, 369-79; IV Lutheran Church XXII (Gettysburg, Pa., (1906) 16-32. 1892) 98-109. ——— ———— (trans), and C. E. Kemper (ed), "Moravian Diaries of Travel Gilbert, David M., 1776-1876—The Luth- through Virginia," VMHB, XI (1903-4) eran Church in Virginia (New Market, Va., 118-31, 225-42, 370-93; XII (1904-5) 55- 1876). 82, 134-53, 271-84. Henkel, Ambrose L., Biographical Sketch of Newcomer, Christian, " Extracts from New- Rev. Paul Henkel (New Market, Va., comer's Journal," in Funkhouser, United 1890). Brethren (Dayton, Va., 1921) pp. 52-65. Henkel, Socrates, History of the Evangelical Morris, John G., Life Reminiscences of An Lutheran Tennessee Synod (New Market, Old Lutheran Minister (Philadelphia, Va., 1890). 1896). Proceedings of the Representatives of the Different Ev. Lutheran Congregations in Swartz, Joel, A Short Story of A Long Life Boutetourt, Montgomery, and Floyd Coun- (1904), ed. Philip Allen Swartz (Pough- ties, 1831 (Fincastle, Va., 1831). keepsie, N. Y., ca. 1959). Verzeichniss von den Kirchen, Altesten, Vor- Yoder, Donald (ed), " A Lutheran Minister stehern, etc. im Staat Virginia. (New Rides the Tennessee Frontier, The Minis- Market, Va., 1810.) terial Diary of John George Butler—1805," "The 1810 Register of Churches, Elders Pennsylvania Dutchman III (1952) xxi, Deacons and Lay Readers in Virginia," in 1-7. C. W. Cassell, History of the Luth. Church Wight, Willard E. (ed), "The Journals of (Strasburg, Va., 1930) pp. 90-2. the Reverend Robert J. Miller, Lutheran Missionary in Virginia, 1811 and 1818," c. Lutherans, Congregational Histories VMHB, LXI (1953) 141-66. Brown, Frank R., A Historical Sketch of St. Paul's Lutheran Congregation, Rural Re- b. Lutherans, General treat, Wythe County, Va., 1776-1941 Anderson, Hugh George, A Social History of (Wytheville, Va., 1941). Lutheranism in the Southeastern States Cassell, C. W., "The Lutheran Church in (Kannapolis, N. C., 1963). Smyth County," in Goodridge Wilson, Bernheim, G. D., History of the German Smyth County History and Traditions Settlements and of the Lutheran Church (Kingsport, Tenn., 1932) pp. 131-7. [ 53 ]

Eisenberg, William E., This Heritage The e. Mennonite Churches Story of Lutheran Beginnings in the Lower Brunk, Harry A., History of in Shenandoah Valley, and of Grace Church, Virginia 1787-1900 (Harrisonburg, Va., Winchester (Winchester, Va., 1954). 1959). Gehman, L. H., " Hebron Lutheran Church," ———— ————, Life of Peter S. Hartmann The Pennsylvania German XI (1910) 173- and Civil War Reminiscences (Scottdale, 5. Pa., 1938). Huddle, William P., History of the Hebron ———— ————, " Meetinghouses of the Lutheran Church, Madison County, Vir- Weaver's Church," Mennonite Historical ginia, from 1717 to 1907 (New Market, Bulletin IV (1943) ii, 1-3. Va., 1908). ———— ————, " The Virginia Mennonites," Kegley, F. B., and Mary B. Kegley, St. Mennonite Life XVIII (1963) 18-21. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Its Hartman, Peter S., " Civil War Reminis- Pastors and Their Records, 1800-1924 cences," Mennonite Quarterly Review III (Wytheville, Va., 1962). (1929) 203-19. Krauth, Charles P., A Discourse Suggested Heatwole, Jacob E., " A Historical Sketch of by the Burning of the Old Lutheran the Bank Church, Rockingham County, Church (Winchester, Va., 1855). Va.," Mennonite Year Book and Direc- tory 1907 (Scottdale, Pa., 1907) 28, 30. Leslie, E. W., History of the Evangelical Heatwole, L. J., " Old Settler Stories of Vir- Lutheran Church in Botetourt County, Va. ginia," Christian Monitor (Scottdale) July Fincastle, Va., 1910). 1922, 592-3. [New Jerusalem Lutheran Church], Die Ge- Stoltzfus, Grant M., " Virginia Mennonites meinde in Gott—A People of God, 1765- in the Civil War," Mennonite Life XVIII 1965 (Lovettsville, Va., 1965). (1963) 27-9. Painter, F. V., The Lutheran Church in Bote- Wenger, Linden M., " Early Mennonite Mis- tourt County, Va. (Salem, Va., 1877). sions [in Virginia]," Mennonite Life XVIII Stirewalt, J. P., A Brief History of Rader's (1963) 22-6. Lutheran Church near Timberville, Va. [Warwick River Mennonite Church], Fifty (New Market, Va., 1922). Years Building on the Warwick; A History of the Warwick Mennonite Community, Wade, William A., Historical Sketch of New Including the Warwick River Mennonite Jerusalem Lutheran Congregation Lovetts- Congregation at Denbigh, and the Provi- ville (Lovettsville, Va., 1950). dence Mennonite Congregation at d. German Reformed Church Oyster Point, Virginia (Denbigh, Va., 1947). Braun, Johannes, Circular-Schreiben an die Deutschen Einwohner van Rockingham und f. United Brethren in Christ . .Augusta und den benachbahrten Counties Funkhouser, Abraham Paul, History of ike (Harrisonburg, Va., 1818). Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Duttera, W. B. et alia., History of the Mill Virginia Conference, comp. & ed. by Oren Creek Charge, Reformed Church (Mt. F. Morton (Dayton, Va., 1921). Jackson, Va., 1925). Glovier, David Franklin, Pictorial History of the Virginia Conference. The Church of Garrison, J. Silor, The History of the Re- the United Brethren in Christ (Staunton, formed Church in Virginia 1714-1940 Va., 1965). (Winston-Salem, N. C., 1948). Newcomer, Christian, The Life and Journal Huffman, Charles Herbert, The St. Michaels of the Rev'd Christian Newcomer (Hagers- Story 1764-1964 (Staunton, Va., 1964). town, Md., 1834). Roller, John E., "The Reformed Church in g. German Baptist Brethren Schlatter's Day," Michael Schlatter Memo- rial Addresses (Reading, Pa., 1900) 24-45. Bowman, Loren, " The Life and Work of ," Schwarssenau I (Chicago, Wayland. John W., "Early Reformed 1940) iii, 9-22. Churches," Chapter IX in Twenty-Five Chapters pp. 105-21. Brunk, Harry, "The Kline-Funk Contro- versy," Brethren Life and Thought IX ——— ———, " John Hoffman of Germanna (1964) 21-3.5. and Some of His Descendants," VMHB, Funk, Benjamin, Life and Labors of Elder LXIII (1955) 454-60. , The Martur Missionary. Col- Wust, Klaus, " Johannes Braun (1771-1850), lated from his diary (Elgin, Ill., 1900). Geistiger Führer der Virginia-Deutschen." Sanger, Samuel F., and D. Hays. The Olive Europa und die Niederdeutsche Welt XIX Branch of Peace and Good Will to Men: (1955) 120-3. Anti-War History of the Brethren and [ 54 ]

Mennonites, the Peace People of the South h. Sabbatarian Dunkers during the Civil War 1861-1865 (Elgin, Sachse, Julius Friedrich, " In the Valleys of Ill, 1907). Virginia," in The German Sectarians of Sappington, Roger E., Courageous Prophet: Pennsylvania 1742-1800 (Philadelphia, Chapters from the Life of John Kline 1900), Vol. II, Chapter XVI, pp. 331-59. (Elgin, Ill., 1964). [Sangmeister, Henry], Das Leben und Wandel Zigler, D. H., History of the Brethren in Vir- des in Oott ruhenten und seligen Br. ginia (Elgin, Ill., 1908). Second ed. with Ezechiel Sangmeisters, Part II [1752-1764] appendix District Meeting Minutes, Old (Ephrata, Pa., 1825). Second District of Virginia, Church of the Wayland, John W., " The Dunkers and the Brethren, ed. by D. H. Zigler (Elgin, Ill, Sieben-Taeger," VMHB, XII (1904-5) 1914). 313-7. Wust, Klaus, "Elder John Kline, A Life of Wust, Klaus, " German Mystics and Sab- Pacifism Ended in Martyrdom," Virginia batarians in Virginia, 1700-1764," VMHB, Cavalcade XIV (1964) ii, 25-32. LXXII (1964) 330-47. G. Cultural Resources a. German Language ———— ————, " Der deutsche Sprachge- brauch in Virginia in Zeitungsanzeigen," Gehman, Ernest G., " Pennsylvania German 4 VB Feb. 11, 1966. in the Shenandoah Valley," ECK March 16, 23, 30, 1963. ———— ———, " Volks-Freund und Ochsen- handler—ein heiterer Briefwechsel aus dem Hays, Heber M., " On the German Dialect virginischeu Kirchenstreit," 2 VB Jan. 28, Spoken in the Valley of Virginia," Dialect 1966. Notes III (New Haven, Conn., 1908) iy, 263-78. Reprinted in The Pennsylvania b. Education German X (1910) 510-20. Kyger, M. Ellsworth, " The Pennsylvania- Bittle, David F., et alia., An Appeal to the German Dialect in the Shenandoah Valley," German Population of Virginia and Adja- ECK Dec. 7, 1963. cent States (Salem, Va., 1854). ——— ————, " Variants in the Pennsyl- Bowman, Paul H., Brethren Education in the vania German Dialect Spoken in the Val- Southeast (Elgin, Il1., 1955). ley of Virginia and Nearby Sections," in Fischer, Paul, " The Henkel Press, A Factor Elmer Smith et al., Pa. Germans of the in Early Education in Virginia," AGR, Shenandoah Valley pp. 243-78. VII (1941) vi, 30-4. Morton, Oren P., " The Transition from Ger- Stewart, John, "Ambrose Henkel of New man to English," Chapter XI in Funk- Market: A Brief Analysis of his German houser, United Brethren, pp. 189-93. Primers," Madison College Bulletin XXV (1967) ii, 57-68. [Schmucker, John George], "Zuruf an die deutschen protestantischen Kirchen in c. Printers and Books Nordamerika," Evangelisches Magazin II (Philadelphia, 1813) 43-7, 65-71, 174-7, Cappon, Lester J., and Ira V. Brown 193-7. (comps), New Market, Virginia, Imprints Schuricht, Herrmann, " Anglicized and Cor- 1806-1876 (Charlottesville, Va., 1942). rupted German Names in Virginia," The Edmonds, Albert Sydney, "The Henkels, Pennsylvania German XII (1911) 305-6. Early Printers in New Market, Virginia," WMQ 2nd Series XVIII (1938) 174-95. Smith, Elmer L., and John Stewart, " Shenan- doah Valley Sayings," ECK May 5, 1965. Horst, Irvin B., " Joseph Funk, Early Men- nonite Printer and Publisher," Mennonite Stewart, John, and Elmer L. Smith, " The Quarterly Review XXXI (1957) 260-77. Survival of German Dialects and Customs ——— ————, " Singers Glen, Virginia, Im- in the Shenandoah Valley," SHGM, XXXI prints, 1847-1878," Eastern Mennonite Col- (1963) 66-70. lege Bulletin XLIV (1965) ii, 6-14. Tresidder, Argus, "The Speech of the [Miller, C. O.], " The Henkel Press of New Shenandoah Valley," American Speech XII Market, Virginia," Henckel Family Records (1937) 284-8. XIV (New Market, Va., 1939) 601-28, 687. Wust, Klaus, "Deutsche Orts- und Flur- Scheer, George F., "First Printing in the namen in Virginia," 25 VB Sept. 2, 1966. Valley of Virginia," Publisher's Weekly CL ——— ————, " Der deutsche Sprachge- (1946) 2891-97. brauch in Virginia in Briefen und Auf- Wust, Klaus, " Matthias Bartgis' Newspapers zeichnungen," 5 VB Feb. 18, 1966. in Virginia," AGR XVIII(1951) i, 16-8. [ 55 ]

——— ————, " The English and German tion of the Science of Vocal Music (Win- Printing Office: Bilingual Printers in chester, Va., 1832). Maryland and Virginia," SHGM XXXII ———— ——, Die allgemein nützliche Choral- (1966) 24-37. Music (Harrisonburg, Va., [1816]). ———— ————, " German Printing in Virginia, Hamm, Charles, " Folk Hymns of the A Check List, 1789-1834," SHGM XXVIII Shenandoah Valley," Virginia Cavalcade VI (1953) 54-66. (1956) ii, 14-9. ———— ————, "Jacob D. Dietrick (1778- Showalter, Samuel, "Musical Heritage of 1838), Publisher and Bookseller in Four the Shenandoah Valley," Mennonite Life States," ECK June 15, 1957. XVIII (1963) 38-40. ———— ————, "The Books of the Immi- Steffey, J. W., The Valley Harmonist (Win- grants of the 18th Century," Rockingham chester, Va., 1836). Recorder II (1958) 24-9 [88-93]. Wayland, John W., "Joseph Funk, Father ———— ————, " The Books of the German of Song in Northern Virginia," The Penn- Immigrants in the Shenandoah Valley," sylvania German XII (1911) 580-94. ECK Jan. 26, 1957. ———— ————, " A Virginia-German Printer: e. Artists Laurentz Wartmann (1775-1840)," AGR, XX (1954) vi, 29-30, 39. Barba, Preston, and Eleanor Barba, Lewis Miller, Pennsylvania German Folk Artist ———— ———, "Deutsche Handzettel und (Allentown, Pa., 1940). Flueblatter aus New Market," 13, 14 VB April 15, 22, 1966. RachaJ, William M. E., " A Trip to the Salt Pond," Virginia Cavalcade II (1952) ii, d. Music and Song 22-7. Braun, Johannes, " Von der Music, oder der Smith, Elmer L., and John Stewart, "Peter Tonkunst," in Joseph Funk, Choral-Music, Bernhart: Fraktur Artist," ECK May 7, 1966. pp. 3-16. Turner, Robert P. (ed), Lewis Miller, Eskew, Harry, "Joseph Funk's 'Allgemein Sketches and Chronicles (York, Pa., 1968). nützliche Choral-Music ' (1816)," SHGM, Wust, Klaus, " Virginischer Taufschein-Illus- XXXII (1966) 38-46. trator: Peter Bernhart, Dorfschulmeister Funk, Joseph, A Compilation of Genuine von Keezletown," 22 VB Aug. 12, 1966. Church Music . . . with A Copious Elucida- H. Farming and Folkways a. Farms, Houses and Rural Folklore Culture of the Shenandoah Valley," Jour- Glassie, Henry, " The Pennsylvania Barn in nal of the Roanoke Historical Society IV the South," Pennsylvania Folklife XV (1967) i, 1-7. (1966) ii, 8-19; iv, 13-25. ———— ————, and John Stewart, " Hex or Kerkhoff, Jennie Ann, Old Homes of Page Barn Signs," ECK Nov. 30, 1963. County, Virginia (Luray, Va., 1962). ———— ————, and John Stewart, " Pennsyl- Krauth, Charles Porterfield, Popular Amuse- vania German Cultural Patterns in the ments: A Discourse Delivered in the Evan- Shenandoah Valley," Madison College gelical Lutheran Church (Winchester, Va., Bulletin XXI (1963) ii, 55-60. 1851). Stewart, John, "Shanghaiing in the Valley Malone, Miles S., "Falmouth and the of Virginia," Madison College Bulletin Shenandoah Trade before the Revolution," XXIV (1966) "Highland County Syrup American Historical Review XL (1935) Time," ii, 97-105. 693-703. Wamsley, J, S., " Highland County Syrup Niederer, Frances J., The Town of Fincastle Time," The Commonwealth, XXIX (1962) Virginia (Charlottesville, Va., 1965). IV, 32-6 Rachal, William M. E., "Weyer's Cave by Wayland, John W., The Valley Turnpike Candlelight," The Commonwealth XVI Winchester to Staunton (Winchester, Va., (1949) v, 10-4, 34-8. 1967). Shryock, Richard H., " Cultural Factors in b. Crafts and Industry the History of the South," Journal of Cutten, George Barton, The Silversmiths in Southern History V (1939) 333-46. Virginia from 1694- to 1850 (Richmond, Smith, Elmer L., and John Stewart " Bel- 1952). snickeling: A Christmas Custom," ECK Heatwole, Cornelius J., " Hand-Weaving in Dec. 21, 1963. Rockingham County," in J. W. Wayland, Smith, Elmer L., " The Pennsylvania-Dutch History of Rockingham County pp. 380-6. [ 56 ]

Rice, Allvin H., and John Bear Stoudt, The d. Medicine and Health Shenandoah Pottery (Strasburg, Va., Miller, C. O., " Solomon Henkel, A Medical 1929). Pioneer Doctor," Henckel Family Records Smith, Elmer L. (comp), Arts and Crafts of XIV (New Market, Va., 1939) 629-44. the Shenandoah Valley (Witmer, Pa., Smith, Glenn C., "Dr. Peter Ahl Teaches 1968). John Hupp Mystery of A Physician," Smith, Elmer L., and John Stewart, "The Rockingham Recorder I (1946) 103-06. Old Spitz: A Pennsylvania Rifle," ECK Wust, Haus, " Dr. John Peter Ahl: Medical Sept. 14, 1963. Pioneer of Keezletown, Virginia," Rocking- ham Recorder II (1959) 188-44. ——— ————) "Shenandoah Pottery and Potters," ECK Sept. 7, 1963. ———— ————, " Volksheilkunde und die Frühzeit der ärztlichen Praxis im west- ——— ————, " The Stone Cutters," ECK lichen Virginia," 17-20 VB July 8, 15, 22, Sept. 21, 1963. 29, 1966. Wayland, John W., "Iron-Making and Iron- ——— ———— ," Heilkrauter und laienmäs- Masters," Chapter XIV in Wayland, His- sige Behandlung mit Pflanzenstofien," 21 tory of Shenandoah County pp. 235-44. VB Aug. 5, 1966

I. Vital Statistics and Reference Sources a. Baptismal, Marriage and Death Records A Part of Frederick County (Winchester, Ashby, Bernice M. (comp), Shenandoah Va., 1960). [Book V. Winchester-Frederick County Virginia Marriage Bonds 1778-1850 County Historical Society]. (Berryville, Va., 1967). b. Bibliographies and Collections [Henkel, Paul], "Marriages Performed by Rev. Paul Henkel in Rockingham, Shenan- Horst, Irvin B. (comp), "The Broadside doah, Augusta and Botetourt Counties, Collection at the Menno Simons Historical Virginia, and Other Localities," ed. by Cora Library," Eastern Mennonite College Bul- C. Curry, NGSQ, XII (1923) ii, 30-1. letin XLVI (1967) i, 5-10. Hinke, William J. (trans), and C. E. Huffman, Charles Herbert, The Germanna Kemper (ed), " Records of the Peaked Foundation—Story of the First Decade Mountain Church, Rockingham County, 1956-1966 (Harrisonburg, Va., 1966). Va.," WMQ 1st ser., XIII (1904-5) 247-56; Meynen, Emil, " Settlements in Virginia, XIV (1905-6) 9-19, 186-93. East of the Blue Ridge," in Bibliography Stoever, John Casper, Jr., " Per- on German Settlements in Colonial North formed in the Shenandoah Valley, 1734- America (Leipzig, 1937) pp. 66-7. 1742," in W. E. Eisenberg, This Heritage ———— ————, "The Pennsylvania-German pp. 812-21. Expansion to the South, Virginia and West ——— ————, Records of Rev. John Casper Virginia," ibid. pp. 439-46. Stoever. Baptismal and Marriage, 17SO-17Z9, trans. & ed. by F. J. F. Schantz (Harris- "100 Select Books in the Menno Simons burg, Pa., 1896). Historical Library at Eastern Mennonite Strickler, Harry M. (comp), Old Tenth Le- College," Eastern Mennonite College Bul- gion Marriages. Marriages in Rockingham letin XL (1961) x, 3-8. County from 1778 to 1816 (Dayton, Va., Rosenberger, Francis Coleman, " German 1928). Church Records of the Shenandoah Valley 2800 Gravestone Inscriptions from Win- as a Genealogical Source," VMHB, LXVI chester and Frederick County, Virginia (1958) 195-200. (Winchester, Va., 1960). [Book IV, Win- Showalter, Grace I., "Resources for the chester-Frederick County Historical So- Study of Local History, The Menno ciety]. Simons Historical Library and Archives," Gravestone Inscriptions from 61 Graveyards Eastern Mennonite College Bulletin XL in, and in The Counties that Were Once (1956) x, 3, 5.

III. NINETEENTH CENTURY IMMIGRATION A. Immigration Schemes and Nativism Gaines, William H., " New Blood for the Old Geyer, Carl A., Virginien, physiko-geogr- Dominion: Virginia's Search for Land aphische und statistische Beschreibung des- Seekers, 1866-1900," Virginia Cavalcade II selben mit besonderer Rücksicht auf deut- (1952) i, 89-43. sche Auswanderung (Meissen, 1849). [ 57 ]

Mayo, Friederich A, Vierzig Jahre in Vir- Virginia: A Brief Memoir for the Informa- ginien, oder Kommt nacht West-Virginien tion of Europeans Desirous of Emigrating (Meissen, 1850). ing to the New World (Richmond, 1868). Rice, Philip Morrison, " The Know-Nothing Wust, Klaus, " German Immigrants and Na- Party in Virginia 1854-1856," VMHB, LV tivism in Virginia, 1840-1860," SHGM, (1947) 61-75. 169-67. XXIX (1956) 31-50.

B. Religious Congregations a. Protestant Churches Ezekiel, Herbert T., and Gaston Lichtenstein, Hageman, G. E., Brief Sketch of Our His- The History of the Jews of Richmond, from tory [Immanuel Ev. Luth. Church, Char- 1769 to 1917 (Richmond, 1917). lottesville] (Charlottesville, Va., 1949). Ginsberg, Louis, History of the Jews of Koehler, Prank G., History of St. John's Lu- Petersburg 1789-1960 (Petersburg, Va., theran Church, Farmville, Virginia (Farm- 1954). ville, Va., 1954). Miller, William C., A History of St. Johns's ———— ———, " Two Streams Become One," Evangelical-Luthern Church of Richmond, Virginia Cavalcade VII (1958) iv, 23-9. Virginia, in Short Paragraphs (Richmond, Rosenberg, Max (ed), Temple Beth El 1933). (Alexandria, Va., 1959). [Newport News Lutherans], History of Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Newport News, Virginia (Newport News, c. Roman Catholic Church Va., 1923). Hodges, Joseph H. (ed), St. Mary's Church Sauer, O. A., Centennial 1852-1952, Beth- Centenary 1851-1951 (Richmond, 1951). (Richmond, 1952). lehem Lutheran Church Lenhart, John M., " The Catholic Church in b. Jewish Congregations the State of Virginia 1785-1843," Social Justice Review XLIX (1956) 274-8. Bernstein, David, and Adele Bernstein, " Slow Revolution in Richmond, Va.," Remke, Ignatius, Historical Sketch of St. Commentary VIII (1949) 539-46. Mary's Church (Richmond, 1935).

C. Germans in the Civil War Scheibert, Justus, Seven Months in the Rebel Hume, Edgar Erskine, Colonel Heros van States during the North American War, Borcke, A Famous Prussian Volunteer in 1863, transl. by Joseph C. Hayes; ed. by the Confederate States Army (Charlottes- Williams S. Hoole (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1968). ville, Va., 1935). Loehr, Charles T., War History of the Old First Virginia Infantry Regiment (Rich- Borcke, Heros von, Memoirs of the Con- mond, 1884). federate War for Independence (Philadel- phia, 1867). Lonn, Ella, Foreigners in the Confederacy (Chapel Hill, N. C., 1940).

D. Arts and Music Beyer, Edward (ill), Album of Virginia Tyler, Merle, "Evening of Song, Amateur (Richmond, 1858). Musical Societies Drew Large Audiences in James, G. Watson, Jr., "Richard Duck- Postwar Richmond," Virginia Cavalcade hardt—Mentor to Hundreds in Art Ca- XVIII (1967) ii, 42-7. reers," Virginia Record LXXIX (1957) Smith, Elmer L., and John Stewart, "Wil- viii, 20-1, 60-3. liam Frederick Rupp, Fresco Painter," Luedecke, H., " Franz Buchser—a Swiss ECK Sept. 21, 1963. Painter in Post-War Virginia," WMQ 2nd ser., XVI (1936) 501-14. [Wenzel, Henry], Fest-Programm des Gold- Troubetzkoy, Ulrich, "F. William Sievers, enen Jubiläums des Gesangvereins Virginia Sculptor," Virginia Cavalcade XII (1962) nebst einer Historischen Skizise des Vereins ii, 5-12. von H. Wenzel, Sr. (Richmond, 1902). [ 58 ]

E. Printing

Arndt, Karl J. R., and May E. Olson, " Vir- ——— ———, Reminiscences of Thirty-Five ginia," in German-American Newspapers Years of Printing in Richmond (Richmond, and Periodicals 1732-1956 (Heidelberg, 1921). 1961), pp. 638-42. Cunz, Dieter, " Schuricht's Virginia-German Schuricht, Herrmann, " Deutsch-Amerikani- Weekly," AGE, XVIII (1951) i, 14-6. sche Dichter und Schriftsteller in den Dietz, August, The Postal Service of the Südstaaten der Union," Der Süden I Confederate States of America (Richmond, (Richmond, 1891), i, 5; ii, 4-5 iii 5, v, 3. 1939). F. Miscellaneous Topics Bowman, A. Smith, Jr., "A History of Sun- Saegmuller, George N., The Story of My Life set Hills Farms," Yearbook, Historical So- (1939) (Arlington, Va., n. d.). ciety of Fairfax County VI (1958-9) 36- 43. Scribner, Robert L., " Virginia's ' German ' Tree," Virginia Cavalcade VI (1956) iii, Bryant, Pat, "Virginia Savings and Loan 4-7. Associations," Virginia Record LXXXV Wust, Klaus, German Influences in the Set- (1963) x, 7-14, 27-8. tlement of Alexandria, Va. (Alexandria, Griffith, Matthew A., " Three Generations of Va., 1954) [Reprinted from Alexandria the House of Sauer," The Commonwealth Gazette, March 5, 1954]. XX (1935) xii, 58-61, 136. ———— ————, " Die Geschichte des George Müller, Wilhelm, "Die Counties Louisa und Albemarle in Virginien," Der Suden I Saegmuller (1847-1934)," Washington Jour- (Richmond, 1891) i, 4-5. nal, April 3, 10, 17, 1964. McNeill, Walter S., America's Attitude to- ———— ————, " Reisetagebuch deutscher wards the War. An Address . . . Preceded Einwanderer von Baltimore nach Südwest- by a Report of a Mass Meeting of Citizens Virginia 1852," 9-12 VB March 18, 25, of Richmond, Virginia, of German, Aus- and April 8, 1966. trian and Hungarian Birth or Descent ———— ————, "Utopia in Fairfax County: (Richmond, Va., 1914). Max Wiehle und sein Traum," Washington Prufer, Margaret M., " The First Christmas Journal Jan. 12, 1962. Tree in Staunton," Mary Baldwin Miscel- ———— ————, " Weinbau und deutsche Ein- lany XVII (Staunton, Va., 1915) iii, 61-4. wanderer," 1 VB Jan. 21, 1966. [ 59 ]