Special issue / 1998 preview

INSIDE Space Technology Research Vehicle 2 • New Millennium, Origins, Ice and Fire 3 Mars Surveyor 1998 4 RADARSAT, Scatterornetry, 5 Earth Observing System, DSN Stardust, Muses-C, 7 Technology Transfer, Education Pasadena, California Vol. 28, No. 1 January 9, 1998

1997-The year of Mars Pathfinder Reconfigured Mission captivates the MGS ready for world while setting mission based new standards in planetary exploration on new orbit

By DIANE AINSWORTH By DIANE AINSWORTH Of all the headline news in 1997, Mars 1997 saw the arrival of two spacecraft at Pathfinder's remarkable landing and perfor­ Mars and the beginning of an extended pro­ mance on the surface of frozen, nearly airless gram of Mars exploration. Two months Mars stole the show. Pathfinder became a land­ after Pathfinder's landing, NASA's Mars mark mission and a catalyst for new and afford­ Global Surveyor was captured in orbit on able ways of exploring other worlds. Sept. 12, after a 10-month journey through Pathfinder's landing marked America's return deep space. to the red planet after more than 20 years. In addi­ Global Surveyor was designed to tion to a swift, seven-month cruise to the planet, replace Mars Observer, which was lost in Pathfinder dived directly into the Martian atmos­ August 1993. Ingenuity, teamwork and an phere and landed with the aid of a parachute and exceptionally dedicated group of engineers giant cocoon of airbags. This novel entry tech­ UNIVERSE PHOTO and scientists quickly went to work to nique had never been demonstrated before. Memories of the Pathfinder mission will live on with a new stamp issued by the U.S. Postal Service, develop and launch the spacecraft within a Nor had any spacecraft before Pathfinder which shows the first image received from the spacecraft after its July 4 landing. Presiding at the See MGS, page 6 Dec. 1O "first day off issue" ceremony are, from left, Project Manager Brian Muirhead, Postal See Pathfinder, page 4 Service Board of Governors Chairman Tirso del Junco and JPL Deputy Director Larry Dumas.

milestone-a swingby of Venus on Ap1il 26, 1998. "Everyone who contributed to the program, Cassini well and their families too, can take pride in the per­ Galileo starts two-year fect launch and Cassini's superb perfonnance now that the mission is under way," said Cassini on its way Program Manager Richard Spehalski. "Designing, building and launching Cassini was extended Europa mission to Saturn an incredible effort by the best people in the business," he said. By JANE PLATT and Mission Operations Directorate pending his By MARY BETH MURRILL "Many of the people who worked on Cassini next assignment at the Laboratory. are moving on to other projects now, and those After yielding a rich harvest of science "A great bounty of Jupiter system science has After years of diligent work to design, build projects will benefit from the commitment to results. in 1997, NASA's Galileo spacecraft been obtained and the continuing study of these and test the Cassini spacecraft, its instruments excellence and mission success that permeated wrapped up its primary mission on Dec. 7 and data will surely add many more imp01tant discov­ and ground systems, the mission team was every aspect of Cassini 's development." began a two-year follow-on journey, known as eries," O'Neil said of the mission. "I've been rewarded this year with a dramatic predawn After a complete systems health check, the the Galileo Europa mission. involved with the Galileo mission since its begin­ launch on Oct. 15 from Cape Canaveral, Fla. as spacecraft team, which built Cassini, f01mally The transition from primary to extended mis­ ning in 1977, and have been at the helm since 1990 Cassini began its long voyage to Saturn. turned over control of the spacecraft to the opera­ sion brought a change in management. Bob for the flight to Jupiter, the first-ever outer planet Cassini team members from across the U.S. tions team that will fly Cassiill and conduct day-to­ Mitchell, who served as mission director for the entry and orbit insertion, and throughout the two­ joined fellow mission contributors from the day operations throughout the rest of the mission. last year of Galileo's primary mission, was year primary mission tour of the Jovian system. I European Space Agency and the Italian Space The last of NASA's flagship planetary appointed project manager for the Galileo feel extraordinarily fortunate to have had this Agency to watch the Air Force Titan exploration missions, Cassini will perform Europa Mission, taking over from Bill O'Neil, priceless, truly unique experience. But it is time for IV /Centaur launch vehicle lift Cassini into a an intensive, detailed study of the Saturnian who served as Galileo project manager for the new challenges. I am delighted to tum the reins moonlit sky studded with silvery clouds. system, including the ring system, the planet, flight to Jupiter and the two-year primary mis­ over to Bob Mitchell. Having worked closely with Since then, the spacecraft has remained in its magnetic environment, and moons, espe- sion at Jupiter. O'Neil will serve as a consultant Bob for more than 25 years, I know that he will do excellent health as it travels toward its first mission See Cassini, page 2 on the senior staff of JPL's Telecommunications See Galileo, page 6 JPL makes big splash with El Nifio observations By MARY HARDIN JPL has been riding the wave of early El Nino forecasting in 1997 as three Lab-managed instruments where used by meteorologists to con­ firm that the ocean warming phenom­ enon is back in the Pacific. And while the El Nifio predictions have resulted in stories of panicked sandbagging and TV weather forecaster hyperbole, JPL scientists say their data show this El Nifio is the real thing. JPL's TOPEX/Poseidon radar altimeter, the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) and In July, the white area of high sea level in the Pacific exceeded 1 1/2 times the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) The beginning of December was marked by a temporary sea level low in the east­ the area of the continental U.S., and the volume of associated warmer-than­ ern Pacific warm pool (shown as white). By Dec. 10, the volume and area of the have all contributed to tracking the cur­ average water equaled 30 times the volume of all the Great Lakes com­ warm water pool related to El Nino had increased. Oceanographers believe the rent El Nifio condition in the Pacific. bined. This is because for each inch that sea level was raised above nor­ recent increases and decreases in the size of the warm water pool at the equator "The sea surface height data that mal, the amount of warm water below had increased by 200 inches (it is like are part of the natural rhythm of El Nino and that the warm pool is occasionally we have collected all year confirm an iceberg, where the exposed tip is only a small fraction of the total vol­ pumped up by wind bursts blowing from the western and central Pacific Ocean. what the National Oceanographic and ume). Early November was marked by a large increase in the areal extent of Atmospheric Administration has pre­ above-average sea level, especially off the west coast of North America. At Eo·r more compafative images. go to the Web at , dicted-a full-blown El Nino condi­ this time, sea level "peaked" at about 35 centimeters above average (simi­ · , , http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino , tion is established in the Pacific," said lar to July) in the eastern Pacific, near the Galapagos Islands. Dr. Lee-Lueng Fu, project scientist for the U.S./French TOPEX/ Nino researchers, who have been able ditions in May 1997. A number of El National Centers for Environmental trade winds weaken and even reverse Poseidon satellite at JPL. The five to track three El Nifio events since the Nino forecast activities supp01ted by Prediction used data collected by the direction. This change in the winds years of global ocean topography satellite's launch in August 1992. NOAA indicated the likelihood of a TOPEX/Poseidon satellite. allows the large mass of warm water observations made by TOPEX/ NOAA issued its first advisory moderate or strong El Nifio this winter. An El Nino is thought to be trig­ that is no1mally located near Australia Poseidon have been a boon for El regarding the presence of El Nifio con- The forecast model operated at NOAA's gered when steady westward blowing See Nifio, page 8 2 Cassini 'We 're a group Continued from page 1 cially the big moon Titan. The of loyal Saturn European Space Agency's Huygens Probe will parachute a science owners, and package through Titan's atmos­ phere and to its surface after they're going Cassini reaches Saturn in 2004. The Cassini orbiter itself, built at JPL, will orbit Saturn for at least to our planet!' four years. Taken together, the sci­ entific information gathered by the - Trina Ray, 18 instruments on the Cassini Cassini radio science orbiter and Huygens probe will operations engineer provide a comprehensive under­ standing of the Saturnian system. Hundreds of supportive e-mail At a Cassini all-hands meeting in messages of encouragement were November, Trina Ray, left, presents received by the JPL home page and Program Manager Richard the Cassini Web page both before and Spehalski with a picture showing a after Cassini 's successful latinch. This gathering of 24 JPL employees message came from an Arkansas­ who own Saturn cars. Each signed based contractor where Cassini work the picture, which has an inscrip­ tion that says, 'Cassini, there's was pe1formed: "Congratulations to Saturn in your future.' Looking on you and your fantastic team of people. is Peter Doms, Cassini mission Everybody at LaBarge is very stoked and science operations manager. at the part they have played in the PHOTO BY TOM WYNNE I JPL PHOTO LAB launch. You must have mixed emo­ tions watching Cassini fly away into space. Well, here's to 11 years of great news media and the Internet. ity check: "I have been showing mission, I know that many wonders closest-approach altitude of 336 kilo­ science and the elation you've earned One message from Phoenix was Saturn to the public every night that I await us at Saturn. All I can say is a meters. On Dec. 3, 1998, the space­ for a job well done (even though it's typical: "Believe me, you have many work. I have been talking about the big THANK YOU for all that JPL's craft is scheduled to perform a "deep not over yet)." supporters like myself and my Cassini project for the last month, it explorations have added to my life." space maneuver" that will adjust the More words of supp01t and inter­ friends that are in awe of the infor­ seems that unfortunately most people Cassini's flight through the inner trajectory to achieve the optimum est in the mission came from across mation you are gathering about our are unaware that we are about to solar system over the next two years geometry for the next Venus flyby on the U.S . and around the world, even universe and I look forward to the embark on this most exciting endeav­ will be highlighted by planetary grav­ June 24, 1999 at 623 kilometers (387 as misinformation about the mis­ wonders you will unlock on this mis­ or, and none that I have spoken to ity assist flybys of Venus and Earth. miles) altitude. Cassini's flyby of the sion's nuclear safety and radioisotope sion. Good luck." have even heard of RTGs, so that con­ The first of Cassini 's four such flybys Earth will follow on Aug. 18, 1999 at thermoelectric generators (RTGs) A telescope operator at Griffith troversy is overblown. The best of will occur April 21 , 1998 when the an altitude of 1,157 kilometers ( 719 received wide circulation through the Observatory weighed in with this real- luck on launch day and throughout the spacecraft swings around Venus at a miles). D

now, have typically remained at communications test, encompassing JPL's contributions cover such STRV mission will validate lower altitudes pending further stud­ the first-ever demonstration of lasers areas as configuration control, pay­ ies about risks in this zone. for space communications; and load integration, environmental test­ spaceborne technologies STRV-2 experiments include: •A vibration isolation system test­ ing and support to mission operations. • The Space Active Modular ing use of sensitive instruments on Jim Kenny is STRV-2 project In 1998, JPL will manage a vali­ high modulus graphite fibers and Materials Experiment (SAMMES), vibrating spacecraft. manager. D dation mission for demonstration of cyanate ester resin composite materi­ featuring four components measuring advanced spaceborne technologies als for the three-piece, 14-kilogram radiation and solar energy; that is funded by the Department of (31 -pound) spacecraft structure. • An electronic testbed featuring Award for Excellence committee Defense's Ballistic Missile Defense Several other of its experiments the investigation both of micromete­ Organization. are designed to gather primary data orite particles and the use of named; nominations under way The Earth-orbiting Space about radiation, micrometeorites and advanced in.stru,ments in a radiation ' '~I. ; . I' • Technology Research Vehicle-2 pro­ debris in a high-radiation zone at environment; A selection committee has been least one delegate from each direc­ ject, also known as STRV-2, is sched­ approximately 1,800 kilometers • A midwave-length imager sys­ named to review nominations and torate and represents the diverse uled to launch Nov. 1, 1998 from (1,120 miles) above Earth. This high tem for detection of non-afterburning select award recipients for the Laboratory population. The commit­ Vandenberg Air Force Base. altitude is desirable for military and targets from space; upcoming Award for Excellence. The tee members were selected based on STRV-2's key test is the use of commercial satellites which, until • A satellite-to-ground station laser I I-member committee consists of at nominated candidates whose names were recently submitted by each directorate. The committee includes Kath­ erine Dumas (100), Tania Geddes (190), Marilyn Miller (215), Frank Wright (320), Carl Ruoff Jr. (340), conference room. will be performed by New York Peter Theisinger (490), James Arnett Philomusica at 3:30 p.m. in Ongoing Friday, January 9 (505), Michael Nieto (642), Karla "The World of Our Grandchildren: Caltech's Beckman Auditorium. Visualizing Alternative Futures With Clark (742), Terrance Mason (89 1) Alcoholics Anonymous-Meeting at JPL Dance Club-Meeting at noon Tickets are $25, $21, $17 and $13. the World Wide Web"--Caltech pro­ and Fred McLaughlin (920). 11 :30 a.m. Mondays, Tuesdays, in Building 300-217. For information, call (626) 395- fessor Dr. Bruce Mllirny will speak at 8 4652. The Award for Excellence is an Thursdays (women only) and Fridays. p.m. in Beckman Auditorium. employee-owned program which For more information, call Occupational Saturday, January 10 Admission is free. Call (626) 395-4652. promotes nominations from any JPL Health Services at ext. 4-3319. Wednesday, January 21 employee. The call for nominations for this cash award began Jan. 5 and Codependents Anonymous-Meeting California Philharmonic Orchestra­ Thursday, January 15 JPL Drama Club-Meeting at noon will continue until Jan. 23. During at noon every Wednesday. For more Se renade for Strings will be per­ formed at 8 p.m. in Caltech's Beck­ in Building 301-127. the call, JPL employees can nomi­ information, call Occupational Health JPL Astronomy Club- Meeting at man Auditorium. Tickets are $40, $35 nate any other Laboratory employee Services at ext. 4-3319. noon in Building 198-102. JPL Hiking Club- Meeting at noon and $30. For info1mation,' call (626) for an award in one of four cate­ in Building 303-209. gories: technical excellence, busi­ Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Support 395-4652. JPL Writers Club--Meeting at noon Group-Meets the first and third in Building301-127. ness operations excellence, excep­ Fridays of the month at noon in Thursday, January 22 tional quality and exceptional leader­ Building 111-117. For more informa­ Sunday, January 11 Von Karman Lecture Series­ ship. The award ceremony will be tion, call employee assistance coun­ "Forecasting an El Niiio: TOPEX/ JPL Atari Club--Meeting at noon in held in April 1998. Poseidon Brings News of Wet Reward & Recognition Adminis­ selor Cynthia Cooper at ext. 4-3680 Chamber Music-Pianist David Building 238-544. Koerner and cellist Tom Lloyd will Winter" will be presented by Annette trator Monica Garcia said all employ­ or Randy Herrera at ext. 3-0664. perfo1m a free concert at Caltech's deCharon, outreach leader for JPL's JPL Dance Club--Clogging class will ees should have received notification HIV Support Group--Meets quar­ Dabney Lounge at 3:30 p.m. For Earth science flight projects. At 7 be held at noon in Building 300-217. about the program during the first terly. Call employee assistance coun­ information, call (626) 395-4652. p.m. in von Karman Auditorium. week of January. selor Cynthia Cooper at ext. 4-3680 Friday, January 23 Hard-copy nomination forms for more information. Friday, January 16 can be obtained at the ERC, the Tuesday, January 13 JPL Library or the Reward & Overeaters Anonymous- Meets JPL Dance Club--Meeting at noon Recognition Program Office at JPL Dance Club- Meeting at noon Mondays at noon. For more informa­ in Building 300-217. Building 291-205. Microsoft Word JPL Scuba Club--Meeting at noon in Building 300-21 7. tion, call Occupational Health in Building 168-427/ Travel Film-Lecturer Bob Willis versions of the nomination form Services at ext. 4-3319. will present his film Ukraine at 8 p.m. can be downloaded through the Saturday, January 17 in Caltech's Beckman Auditorium. R&R Home Page at http://eis/ Parent Support Group--Meets the Wednesday, January 14 Tickets are $9 and $7. For informa­ sec614/reward/excel. htm . fourth Tuesday of the month at noon. Reduced Shakespeare Company­ tion, call (626) 395-4652. For more information, call Garcia For location, call Jayne Dutra at ext. JPL Amateur Radio Club­ The Complete History of America at ext. 4-3825. D 4-6400. Meeting at noon in Building 238-543. (abridged) will be presented by this comedy troupe at 8 p.m. in Caltech's Saturday, January 24 Senior Caregivers Support Group-­ JPL Drama Club-Meeting at noon Beckman Auditorium. Tickets are $29, Meets the second and fourth in Building 301-127. $26 and $23. Call (626) 395-4688. Caltech Jazz Bands- The groups For the record Wednesdays of the month at 6:30 p.m. will perfo1m a free concert titled "A at the Senior Care Network, 837 S. JPL Stamp Club- Meetin g at noon In the Dec. 12 issue of Universe, an in Building 183-328. Little Bit of Gershwin and A Whole Fair Oaks Ave., Pasadena, conference Sunday, January 18 Lot of Swing" at 8 p.m. in Caltech's incorrect job title was shown for room #1~ For more information, call JPL Toastmasters Club- Meeting Beckman Auditorium. For informa­ Bernard Cuthbe1t in the Passings col­ (626) 397 -3110. at 5:30 p.m. in the Building 167 Chamber Music-Classical pieces tion, call (626) 395-4652. umn. He was a mechanical engineer. D January 9, 1998 3 New Millennium Program prepares for full plate of missions

By JOHN G. WATSON the 25-foot space simulator in instruments in the future. Building 150 in preparation for its In 1997, a successful E0-1 critical The adventurous New Millen­ delivery to the Cape in early spring. design was conducted. Focal plane nium Program made great strides in Deep Space 2 will send two small and telescope elements are on sched­ 1997 in its preparations for a series of probes weighing two kilograms ( 4.5 ule to be delivered to MIT's Lincoln missions launching from 1998 to pounds) each aboard the 1998 Mars Laboratory, the instrument integrator, 2003, with many more in the Surveyor lander to study Mars' soil in the first half of 1998. All of the pipeline. and atmosphere. In-situ instrument major structural elements of the bus The program is a flagship NASA technologies for making direct mea­ are fabricated, and the mechanical venture whose goal is the develop­ surements of the Martian surface will assembly and flight electrical harness ment and testing of revolutionary include a meteorological pressure are now in process. Spacecraft bus­ technologies in space flight so that sensor, temperature-sensors for mea­ level integration will begin this they may be confidently used in sci­ suring the thermal properties of the spring, and the instrument is due for ence missions of the future. Through Martian soil, and a subsurface soil bus integration at the end of 1998. a series of deep space and Earth-orbit­ collection and analysis instrument. In mid-November, NASA ing missions, the New Millennium 1997 saw many crucial tests of the announced that Earth Orbiter 2 will Program will validate the essential probe and instrumentation design, encompass the Space-Readiness technologies and capabilities required nearly all taking place at the New Coherent Lidar Experiment (Sparcle), for challenging, new types of mis­ Mexico Institute of Mining flying in the cargo bay of the space sions to be flown in the next century. Technology's Energetic Materials shuttle. Scheduled to launch in 2001, In November, Dr. Fuk Li was Research and Test Center in Soc01To, its goal is to determine whether a named program manager, after serv­ N.M. A critical test took place on Oct. space-based sensor can accurately ing as acting program manager for 29, when two of the most sensitive measure global winds within Earth's several weeks following the retire­ subsystems, a battery assembly and a atmosphere from just above the sur­ ment of veteran JPL manager Kane tiny motor and drill assembly for face to a height of about 16 kilome­ Casani. Li, a remote sensing expert extracting a subterranean soil sample, ters (10 miles). who most recently served as manager were successfully qualified. Fully Among the many candidate New of JPL's Earth Science Program integrated systems testing will take Millennium Program launches are office, has the challenging task of place in 1998 in preparation for Deep Space 3, an interferometry mis­ overseeing a wide variety of "faster, DS2's January 1999 launch. sion encompassing three spacecraft better, cheaper" missions whose key An advanced, lightweight scientif­ orbiting the sun in fo1mation, and technologies typically have never ic instrument designed to produce Deep Space 4/Champollion, the first been used in space flight before. visible and short-wave infrared landing of a science payload on the A key element of the New images of Earth's land surfaces was nucleus of an active comet. Millennium Program is the teaming of selected as the New Millennium Landing in 2005, DS4 will ana­ government with industry and acade­ Program's first Earth-observing mis­ lyze the nucleus; conduct an atomic, mia to improve America's technologi­ sion. Launching in May 1999, Earth molecular and mineralogical compo­ cal infrastructure. For this purpose, a Orbiter 1 is managed by NASA's sition assessment down to a depth of series of Integrated Product Goddard Space Flight Center in one meter; assess such physical prop­ Development Teams composed of pri­ Greenbelt, Md. Like DSl, it too will erties as thermal conductivity; send vate firms, universities and research Spacecraft test engineer Tom Shain, foreground, checks out Deep Space 1 validate 12 technologies. back both standard and stereographic during recent vibration tests in Building 144. The lower of the two dark images; and attempt to return a nucle­ labs are now working to identify, boxes is the integrated electronics module, while the upper box contains The mission will serve multiple design and deliver technologies need­ the miniature imaging camera and spectrometer. purposes, including providing remote­ us sample to Earth by 2010. ed to enable future science missions so sensing measurements of Earth that 1997's DS4 activities have included that they can be tested through upcom­ propellant-based systems for its main ic devices; and a miniaturized camera are consistent with data collected developing detailed designs of the lan­ ing New Millennium missions. source of thrust. and imaging spectrometer that will since 1972 by the Landsat series of der and carrier spacecraft, testing of Those missions begin this sum­ Solar electric propulsion is but take pictures and make chemical satellites, which is used by farmers, spacecraft anchoring systems at the mer with Deep Space 1, whose one of 12 advanced technologies to maps of the target asteroid and comet. foresters, geologists and c_ity planners. China Lake Naval Weapons Testing launch period starts July 1. Flying by be demonstrated on this high-risk Late this summer, the DS 1 bus In addition, it will acquire data with Center in Ridgecrest, Calif., and the asteroid McAuliffe, then by Mars and mission. Others include new telecom­ arrived at JPL from the Arizona facil­ finer spectral resolution, a capability construction of a lab at JPL dedicated to finally by comet West-Kohoutek­ munications equipment; autonomous ities of DSl 's industry partner, long sought by many scientists study­ the creation of cometary si.rnulant mate­ Ikemura, DS 1 will be the first space­ optical navigation; advanced solar Spectrum Astro, and the spacecraft ing Earth and its environs, and it will rials that replicate the possible proper­ craft ever to rely on solar electric arrays; a miniature integrated ion and has since been almost fully assem­ lay the technological groundwork for ties of a comet nucleus for further propulsion rather than conventional electron spectrometer; microelectron- bled. It is now preparing for testing in inexpensive, more compact imaging spacecraft anchor and drilling tests. 0 Origins advances its study of star, galaxy and life formation By JANE PLATT SIRTF and processing its data. The will look for the wobble caused by near-infrared survey of the entire cover new infrared sources that may SIRTF mission is managed by JPL for planets of a mass as low as Uranus celestial sky. Operations began in 1997 form the basis for future space obser­ 1997 was a busy year for the NASA's Office of Space Science. out to a distance of 10 parsecs. The at the Smithsonian Astrophysical vatories, like the Advanced X-Ray Origins program, an ambitious and Another in the series of Origins mis­ so-called "warm Jupiters," the type of Observatory site atop Mount Hopkins Facility (AXAF), the Space Infrared intriguing series of missions to teach sions, the Space Interferometry planets currently being detected indi­ near Tucson, Ariz., while the other Telescope Facility and the Next us more about star and galaxy forma­ Mission, entered Phase A in October rectly, will be seen directly using the 2MASS telescope, at a National Generation Space Telescope. tion and extend the search for life 1997. Chris Jones, the former Cassini six-element interferometer. Optical Astronomy Observatories site Another project supported by beyond our solar system. spacecraft development manager, was In addition, the Keck interferome­ in Cerro Tololo, Chile, will begin oper­ Caltech's IPAC is the Wide-Field For the first of the Origins mis­ appointed project manager for SIM, ter will determine the extent of the ating in February of 1998. 2MASS, Infrared Explorer (WIRE), which has sions, the Space Infrared Telescope which will have an unprecedented abil­ zodiacal dust clouds believed to which is primarily funded by NASA, a mission to discover how galaxies Facility (SIRTF), the year was spent ity to pinpoint stars and detefflline with shroud other solar systems, gathering is based at the University of change through time and to detect the with planning and design during the high accuracy ages and distances in the information that will affect the design Massachusetts, Amherst. IPAC is pro­ birth of new galaxies, called proto­ project's Phase B. SIRTF passed its universe. Within the Milky Way galaxy, of the Terrestrial Planet Finder. cessing the 2MASS data. galaxies. preliminary design review and non­ SIM will search for signs of planet for­ New images of various celestial The survey is designed to catalogue Within weeks of the September advocate review in late September, mation in disks of material orbiting objects were captured by the 2-Micron 300 million stars and 1 million galax­ 1998 launch of the WIRE spacecraft and will undergo its critical design other stars. The spacecraft will look for All-Sky Survey (2MASS), which ies in the local universe, along with into low Earth orbit, this small tele­ review in the fall of 1998. The devel­ the wobble of stars that are caused by began operations in 1997 using the such exotic targets as quasars, black scope will detect tens of thousands of opment of SIRTF's large, sensitive planets orbiting around them. ' first of a pair of twin telescopes. The holes and brown dwaifs. It will also starburst galaxies-galaxies where infrared detector arrays was complet­ As the world's first long baseline two 1.3 meter (51-inch) telescopes will observe many known asteroids and stars are fofflling at a much higher rate ed and construction of the flight optical space interferometer, SIM will peer through the Milky Way galaxy's possibly some comets. than usual- as well as an unknown detectors was initiated. SIRTF will serve as a technological stepping stone curtain of interstellar dust to conduct a It's expected that 2MASS will dis- number of proto-galaxies. 0 enter Phase CID in April 1998. for the Terrest:J.ial Planet Finder, a future With a planned launch in 2001, Origins mission designed to capture a SIRTF will explore galaxy evolution "family portrait" of other planetary sys­ and star formation in other galaxies, tems. The Planet Finder would charac­ Ice and Fire: 3 missions rolled into 1 and will probe the distant reaches of terize the at:J.nospheres of newly-discov­ By JANE PLATT Program, under the leadership of heightened by the return of fascinat­ the observable universe to study some ered "Earthlike" planets to detefflline JPL's Anthony Speai·. The Ice and ing new Galileo pictures showing of the most luminous galaxies known. which of them might be habitable. 1997 brought new names and Fire Preprojects ai·e the primary users more evidence that the icy moon may Within our own galaxy, SIRTF will The planned Keck interferometer greater budget certainty to the three of X2000 technology. The Outer have had liquid oceans at some point search for brown dwarfs, and will successfully completed its preliminary m1ss1ons of the Ice and Fire Planets/Solar Probe Program, which in its history, perhaps even today. detect and characterize extra-solar design review in September, with a Preprojects. Rob Staehle, formerly is to carry out the Ice and Fire mis­ This premise was boosted by the disks that may represent new solar critical design review scheduled next preproject manager of Pluto Express, sions, is slated for its new start in images of volcanic ice flows and systems fofflling. summer. The Keck project will link the was appointed to manage the prepro­ FY2000. chunky "rafting" features resembling SIRTF will complete NASA's Great two 10-meter (393-inch) telescopes at ject work for all three Ice and Fire Although the preprojects' three icebergs on Earth. Observatories Program, a suite of Hawaii's Keck Observatory on Mauna missions-Europa Orbiter, Solar missions are diverse, they were com­ The science community watched observat01ies designed to study the uni­ Kea into one interferometer, later Probe and the renamed Pluto-Kuiper bined because of the potential for with interest new images from the verse at all wavelengths. The other adding four 2-meter (79-inch) outrigger Express. using the same electronics, software, Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, observatories in this family are the telescopes to complete the six element Pluto-Kuiper Express underwent a mission operations systems and, per­ which showed newly-discovered Hubble Space Telescope, the Advanced imaging array. The project has begun name change to reflect its new desig­ haps, even the same mission opera­ polar plumes in the Sun's corona. X-ray Astrophysics Facility, and The the process of applying to Hawaii's nation as an extended mission after tions teams for all three. The technol­ The Solar Probe mission, which is Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. conservation district for permits to the Pluto flyby, to visit one or more ogy of X2000 may enable such a high now a serious candidate for a 2004 NASA has selected the Infrared install the outriggers. The linking of the objects in the Kuiper disk. level of efficiency that the Ice and launch, will fly through those plumes Processing and Analysis Center two main telescopes is scheduled for Perhaps the most dramatic change Fire spacecraft cost could be lower and make in-situ measurements. (IPAC), which is operated jointly by completion in 2000, with 2002 set as for the Ice and Fire Preprojects came than that of the Mars Pathfinder The discovery of more objects in Caltech and JPL, to be the home insti­ the target date for the out:J.iggers to with the budgetary separation of the spacecraft. the Kuiper disk inspired the broaden­ tution for the SIRTF science center. begin operations. technology development from the Ice and Fire got a big boost in ing of the Pluto-Kuiper Express mis­ Dr. Tom Soifer of Caltech has been The Keck interferometer will sur­ missions. The technology budget 1997 from various new and intriguing sion scope, as more quest.ipns ai·ise named di.rector of the center, which vey 500 nearby stars, using astrome­ received a new start in FY '98 as the science discoveries. Interest in the about the farthest reaches af the solar will be responsible for operating try for extra-solar planet detection. It Advanced Flight Systems (X2000) Europa Orbiter, for instance, was system. 0 January 9, 1998 4 Pathfinder Continued from page 1 canied a roving vehicle the size of a small microwave oven to the surface of another planet. Pathfinder's com­ panion rover, named "Sojourner" after Sojourner Truth, a female aboli­ tionist who lived during the American Civil War, was the first robotic vehi­ cle ever to make direct measurements of rocks and soil on Mars. Over the course of three months­ which was three times the design life­ time of the spacecraft-Mars Pathfinder returned about 2.6 gigabits of data, which included more than 16,000 images of the Manian land­ scape from the lander camera, 550 images from the rover and about 8.5 million temperature, pressure and wi nd measurements. All . science objectives had been fulfilled when the PHOTOS COURTESY OF DONALD FUHRMAN mission ended, 83 days after a nearly Pathfinder proved to be one of the most popular and inspirational events of 1997, finding its way into many nation­ perfect landing on July 4. The only al publications such as Vanity Fair, Glamour and Self magazine. Celebrity photographer Annie Leibovitz, whose portraits of stars, athletes, business tycoons, politicians and average people have captured some of the most dra­ remaining objective was to complete matic moments in recent history, met with the Pathfinder team in late September to shoot for a spread in Vanity a high-resolution 360-degree image Fair's December 1997 issue. Linda Robeck, mechanical engineer for spacecraft assembly, poses with Leibovitz of the landing site called the "Super (inset). Robeck's husband, Donald Fuhrman, who works in Section 351, caught Leibovitz, right, and her crew as Pan," of which 83 percent had been they gathered in JPL's Mars Yard. From left are Tam Nguyen, Matt Wallace, Richard Cook, Brian Cooper, Al Nakata, received. The last successful data Donna Shirley (standing), Robeck (kneeling), Kendra Short, Rob Manning, Jennifer Harris and Jake Matijevic. transmission cycle from Pathfinder was completed at 3:23 a.m. Pacific instruments to their new home. Science content appear to be rich in sulfur, changes in air pressure are coITelated eating the winter south polar cap had Daylight Time on Sept. 27, 1997. operations got under way within a day implying that they are covered with with changes in Mars' rotation rate, reached its maximum size. Sojourner, built to last seven days, of landing, after the rover had exited dust or weathered. Rover images which have been observed in our Schofield said that surface tempera­ wound up roaming the floor of an the lander using one of two exit ramps. show that some rocks appear to have radio tracking measurements." tures followed a regular daily cycle, ancient flood basin and exploring about As the rover ventured out into small air sacks or cavities, which The season and time of aITival of with a maximum of 15 degrees 250 square meters (820 square feet) of unexplored teITitory, the lander's cam­ would indicate that they may be vol­ Mars Pathfinder in the late northern Fahrenheit during the day ai1d a mini­ the Manian smface. In all, the rover era began to image the suIToundings, canic. In addition, the soils are chem­ summer resulted in some variations in mum of minus 105 degrees Fahrenheit traveled a total of about 100 meters often taking shots of the rover so that ically distinct from the rocks mea­ the temperature of the upper atmos­ at night. The science team also (328 feet) in 230 commanded maneu­ scientists and engineers could monitor sured at the landing site." phere compared to Viking data, Dr. observed rapid daytime temperature vers, performed more than 16 in-situ the vehicle's progress. A new portrait Golombek noted that the rocky sur­ Tim Schofield, JPL team leader of the fluctuations of up to 30 degrees chemical analyses of rocks and soil, of the Ma11ian environment began to face and rock types found in Ares Vallis atmospheric structure and meteorology Falu·enheit in as little as 25 to 30 sec­ and canied out numerous soil mechan­ emerge as the spacecraft sta11ed to matched the characteristics of a flood instrument, and colleagues reported. onds. These observations suggested ics and technology experiments. record weather patterns, atmospheric plain on Earth, created when a cata­ High in the atmosphere, at altitudes that cold air was warmed by the surface "The mission demonstrated a reli­ opacity, winds and a variety of other strophic flood washed rocks and sur­ of 80 kilometers (50 miles) above the and convected upwai·d in small eddies. able and low-cost system for placing Ma11ian conditions. The rover's alpha face mate1ials from another region into smface, temperatures were cold enough Among a variety of other science science payloads on the surface of proton X-ray spectrometer began the basin. Ares Vallis was formed in the to make carbon dioxide condense and findings, Pathfinder also observed Mars," said Project Manager Brian studying rocks and making direct same way that the 40-kilometer-long form carbon dioxide clouds. At alti­ winds that were light and variable Muirhead. "We've validated NASA's measurements of their chemical com­ (25-mile) Ephrata Fan of the Channeled tudes of between 60 and 120 kilometers compared to the winds encountered commitment to low-cost planetary positions, another first in this mission. Scabland in Washington state was (37 and 75 miles), the Martian atmos­ by the Viking landers. The winds blew exploration, shown the usefulness of Some of the rocks near the landing formed, and the Pathfinder scientists phere was an average of 20 degrees steadily from the south during the sending microrovers to explore Mars, site were rich in silica, or quartz, and traveled to that area a year before the colder than Viking · measurements, Ma11ian nights, but during the day and obtained significant science data some were identified as poss.ible con­ landing to study the geology and exper­ Schofield said. Seasonal variations and they rotated in a clockwise direction to help understand the structure and glomerates, reported Project Scientist iment with rover prototype hardware. Pathfinder's entry at 3 a.m. local solar from south to west to north to east. meteorology of the Martian atmos­ Dr. Matthew Golombek and his col­ Additional data from the time, compare<;! wit11.V:Iking's entry at 4 Whirlwinds or dust devils were phere and to understand the composi­ leagues. Conglomerates are usually Pathfinder landing site revealed that p.m. local solar time, inay account for ·detected repe~tedly from mid-morn­ tion of the Martian rocks and soil." formed by running water, which magnetic dust in the Manian atmos­ these variations. On the surface, how­ ing through the late afternoons. "Pathfinder was an unequivocal smoothes and rounds pebbles and phere had been gradually blanketing ever, daytime temperatures were typi­ Additional scientific findings are success and has given us phenomenal cobbles found in the conglomerate. most of the magnetic targets on the cally IO to 12 degrees warmer than likely to result in the months ai1ead as insights into how to operate future Running water would also be the lander over time. "The dust is bright Viking surface temperatures. researchers continue to analyze data landers and rovers on the surface of agent necessary to deposit these rocks red, with magnetic properties that are Pathfinder measured regulai· pres­ from this mission. Meanwhile, another Mars," added Dr. Wesley Huntress, in a sand or clay matrix. similar to that of composite panicles," sure fluctuations twice a day, which mission-Mars Global Surveyor- will associate administrator for science at "If you consider all of the evi­ Golombek said. "A small amount of suggested that a moderate amount of be observing the planet from space, NASA Headquarters, when the mis­ dence we have at Ares Vallis-the the mineral maghemite has been dust was being unifolTiliy mixed in a while other missions gear up for sion was officially declared over. "I rounded pebbles and cobbles and the deposited almost like a stain or warm lower atmosphere, as was the launches in the near term. As part of a congratulate the entire Pathfinder possible conglomerate, the abundant cement. These results could be inter­ case with Viking data. The daily aver­ sustained program of exploration, Mars team on their accomplishment, which sand- and dust-sized pa11icles and preted to mean that the iron was dis­ age pressure reached a minimum on the is likely to become a fanllliar place to is a lofty but wonderful standard for models for their origins, in addition to solved out of crustal materials in 20th day of the mission (Sol 20), indi- everyone over the next decade. 0 future missions to attempt to exceed." the high silica rocks," Golombek water, suggesting an active hydrologic Pan of NASA's Discovery pro­ said, "it suggests a water-rich planet cycle on Mars. The maghemite stain gram of low-cost planetary missions that may have been more Ea11h-like could be a freeze-dried precipitate." with highly focused science goals, than previously recognized, with a Another team of scientists used the spacecraft used an innovative warmer and wetter past in which liq­ daily radio Doppler tracking and less method of directly entering the uid water was stable and the atmos­ frequent two-way radio ranging tech­ Ma11ian atmosphere. Assisted by an phere was thicker." niques during communications ses­ 11-meter (36-foot) diameter para­ A panoramic view of Pathfinder's sions with the spacecraft to pinpoint chute, the spacecraft descended to the Ares Vallis landing site was featured the location of the Pathfinder lander surface of Mars and landed, using on the cover of the Dec. 5, 1997 issue in inertial space and the direction of airbags to cushion the impact. of Science, showing traces oi this Mars' rotational axis. This innovative method of diving warmer, wetter past. The A-res Vallis Dr. William Folkner, an interdisci­ into the Ma11ian atmosphere worked flood plain was covered with a vari­ plinary scientist at JPL, and co-inves­ like a charm. "Every event during the ety of rock types, boulders, rounded tigators were able to estimate the entry, descent and landing (EDL) and semi-rounded cobbles and peb­ Martian polar moment of inertia, went almost perfectly," said Mission bles, deposited by floods which which showed that Mars had a dense Manager Richard Cook. "The occuITed early in Mars' evolution. metallic core smrnunded by a lighter sequences were executed right on "Before the Pathfinder mission, mantle. The results implied that the time and well within our margins." knowledge of the kinds of rocks pre­ radius of Mars' core was larger than Pathfinder's descent through the sent on Mars was based mostly on the about 1,300 kilometers (807 miles) Martian atmosphere was nearly flaw­ Ma11ian meteorites found on Ea11h, and less than about 2,400 kilometers less. After being suspended from a 20- which are all igneous rocks rich in (l,490 miles). Mars' core and mantle meter (65-foot) bridle and firing its retro magnesium and iron and relatively low were probably waimer than Earth's at rockets, the spacecraft released a 5 .8- in silica," Golombek and his col­ comparable depths. meter (19-foot) diameter cluster of leagues reported in Science. Chemical "Variations in Mars' rotation airbags intended to soften the landing. analyses of more than 16 rocks and around its own spin axis are thought to The entry, descent and landing sequence studies of different regions of soil­ be dominated by mass exchange marked the first time this airbag tech­ along with spectral imaging of rock between the polar caps and the atmos­ nique had been used. Pathfinder hit the colors, textures and structures-con­ phere," Folkner said. "During winter, ground at a speed of about 18 meters per firmed that these rocks had composi­ pa11 of the atmosphere condenses at second (40 mph) and bounced about 16 tions distinct from those of the Manian the poles. If the southern cap increased times across the landscape before com­ meteorites found on Earth. symmetrically as the northern cap ing to a halt, Dr. T!ill Parker of JPL later "The rocks that were analyzed by decreased, then there would not be any reported. The airbag sustained little the rover's alpha proton X-ray spec­ change in moment of inertia or rota­ damage. To top it off, the spacecraft trometer were basaltic or volcanic tion rate. However, because of Mars' landed on its base petal, consequently rocks, with granite-like origins, orbital eccentricity, differences in ele­ allowing a thumb-sized auxiliary anten­ known as andesitic rocks," Golombek vation and albedo, the polar caps are na to communicate the successful land­ said. "The high silica or qual1z con­ not formed symmetrically. ing just three minutes after impact. tent of some rocks suggests that they "The unbalanced waxing and Once safely on the surface, were formed as the crust of Mars was waning of the Ma11ian polar ice caps Pathfinder opened its solar-powered being recycled, or cooled and heated results in seasonal changes in air petals and unveiled the small, 10.5- up, by the underlying mantle. pressure at the Pathfinder and Viking kilogram (23-pound) rover and science Analyses of rocks with lower silica landing sites," he added. "These January 9, 1998 5 Scatterometry program ends year with promise

By MARY HARDIN the QuikSCAT mission is approximate­ ly $93 million, including $39 million to For the Lab's scatterometry pro­ Ball Aerospace Systems Division for gran1, 1997 was a good news, bad the spacecraft and $22 million for the news, good news kind of a year. launch vehicle. IPL's cost to develop The NASA Scatterometer the instrument is $13 million. The (NSCAT) was successfully launched remainder of the funds ai·e spent on sci­ back in August 1996 on Japan's ence, operations and ground system Advanced Eaith Observing Satellite suppott. Congress approved NASA's (ADEOS). The ocean wind monitoring use of fiscal year 1997 appropriated instrnment was one of the first to detect funds to strut the mission. changes in the equatorial trade winds in IPL's NSCAT/SeaWinds progran1 eai·ly 1997 and contributed to the early office has been assigned the QuikSCAT forecasts of the El Nino phenomenon. management responsibility and will Unfortunately, right when the provide management, ground systems instrnment was collecting its most and a Sea Winds-type scatterometer important El Niiio observations, the instrument. Another unique aspect of CANADIAN SPACE AGENCY ADEOS satellite suffered a fatal solar the mission will be the collaboration This radar image shows icebergs calving from the Land Glacier in the Marie Byrd land sector of Antarctica. The a1rny problem and the mission was with NASA's Goddard Space Flight glacier is shown flowing through a break in the coastal range, called Ruppert Coast, which extends more than lost on June 30, 1997. Center, which will procure the satellite 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) in elevation. The dark area surrounding the glacier on the right side of the image is accu­ However, in an unprecedented under the newly instituted Rapid mulated snow and is characteristic of the ice sheet that covers nearly the entire Antarctic continent. When the move, NASA has approved an inm1e­ Spacecraft Procurement, which enables glacier reaches the coast it forms a floating ice shelf that may become cracked by ocean tides. diate new strut for a mission dubbed a quick acquisition of a science bus. QuikSCAT, for a "quick" scatterometer QuikSCAT will use a rotating dish mission that will pick up where the antenna with two microwave beams of global ocean wind observations made the san1e design as SeaWinds. The Lab contribution helps to create by NSCAT left off. The mission will antenna will radiate microwave pulses fill in the ocean wind data gaps created at a frequency of 13.4 gigahertz across by the loss of NSCAT and prior to the 90 percent of the Earth's ice-free oceans. launch of IPL's SeaWmds on Japan's The instrument will collect wind speed best-ever map of Antarctica ADEOS II in the summer of 2000. and wind direction data in a continuous "The challenge levied to us requires 1,800 kilometer-wide (l,118 mile) JPL played a significant role in Polar Research Center, Ohio State can image during darkness and the satellite, instrument, ground system band, making approximately 400,000 creating the best map ever of University (OSU). In addition to through clouds. Antarctica is the last and launch vehicle be developed, inte­ measurements every day. Antarctica by participating in the JPL, the mapping mission was a col­ remaining continent to be mapped grated and launched in less than a year, Measuring ocean winds is impor­ Antarctica Mapping Mission in 1997. laborative effort with OSU, CSA, with high resolution radar, with even something that has not been accom­ tant because winds are a driving force The mapping mission used data NASA, ASF at the University of cloud-enshrouded Venus having been plished before," said IPL's Jim Graf, for oceanic motions, ranging from from the Canadian Space Agency's Alaska, Fairbanks, the Vexcel mapped with radar earlier this decade. the QuikSCAT project manager. small-scale waves to large-scale sys­ imaging radar satellite, RADARSAT. Corporation and the National During the dedicated campaign, 'To accomplish this extremely short tems of ocean currents. Winds direct­ IPL provided the complicated mission Imagery and Mapping Agency. In RADARSAT imaged Antarctica and schedule, the satellite was chosen from a ly affect the turbulent exchanges of planning to accomplish the mapping order to obtain this unprecedented stored the data onboard, then later source with existing satellite hardware heat, moisture and greenhouse gases within a three week period in map of Antarctica, RADARSAT was in its orbit transmitted the stored and Ball Aerospace was chosen under between the atmosphere and the September and October 1997. The Lab rotated 180 degrees so it could data to three ground stations, two in NASA's newly instituted Indefinite ocean. These air-sea exchanges, in also helped with the Synthetic Aperture image the opposite side of its orbital Canada and one at ASF. ASF is Delivery/ Indefinite Quantity contracts turn, determine regional weather pat­ Radar (SAR) processing and adding tracks. This maneuver allowed the processing all the Antarctica data to be the spacecraft contactor," Graf said. terns and shape global climate. data system capabilities to the Alaska satellite to take the first radar and OSU will generate the complete 'The instrun1ent will be assembled by The QuikSCAT instrument is SAR Facility (ASF) to incorporate the images of the continent south of 77 Antarctic mosaic, that will serve as IPL from SeaWmds hardware spares." being built at JPL in the Spacecraft new data into its data archive. degrees latitude. the baseline for decades to come for QuikSCAT is planned for launch Assembly Facility high bay 2 right The science campaign was led by Imaging radar is the perfect tool gauging future changes in the ice from Vandenberg Air Force Base, next to SeaWinds . Dr. Kenneth Jezek, from the Byrd for mapping Antarctica, since radar sheet. 0 aboard a Titan II vehicle. Total cost for See QuikSCAT, page 8

JPL has major role in '97's challenges bring changes to DSN

Earth Observing System By SHIRLEY WOLFF project personnel to see that events spacecraft mean more missions fly­ TMOD outreach coordinator were happening as planned and even ing concurrently, with greater track­ By MARGUERITE SYVERTSON jointly led by Dr. Hiroji Tsu of Japan's that the spacecraft had landed right ing and data acquisition demands. Division 32 outreach specialist Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis 1997 brought many changes to side up. New technologies will be required Center and Dr. Anne Kahle of IPL. the Deep Space Network (DSN). It For the Galileo mission, the to meet this obligation and those After 15 years of scientific studies, ASTER's 14 channels in the visible, was the first full year in which the DSN continued to implement the under development during the past agency reviews and cutting hardware, near infrared, shortwave infrared, and DSN operated under the manage­ complex arraying function for the year include improved error correct­ NASA will launch the first spacecraft thermal infrared will allow scientists ment of NASA's Space Operations return of science data following ing codes, called turbo codes, which of the Earth Observing System (EOS) to study volcanoes, geology, topogra­ Management Office. Major organi­ Jovian moon encounters. Arraying will become the standard codes for in mid-1998 from Vandenberg Air phy, evapotranspiration, clouds, ice, zational changes were introduced the 70-meter antenna at Goldstone future missions. Also in the experi­ Force Base. Onboard EOS AM-1 (so and land changes at spatial resolu­ within the Telecommunications and with a 70-meter and two 34-meter mental stage is the Spacecraft named because of its morning equator tions of 15 to 90 meters. Mission Operations Directorate antennas in Canberra, Australia, Transponding Modem (STM), the crossing time) will be five instruments Managed by Goddard Space (TMOD) that will result in a truly plus the addition of a 64-meter miniature spacecraft peripheral of that will study the land surface, clouds, Flight Center, EOS is a long-term integrated, end-to-end, multi-mis­ antenna leased from the Parkes the future. The STM combines the aerosols, oceans, and energy budget. mission to study changes in Earth's sion ground system derived from the Observatory, increased by l 0 times functionality of a spacecraft IPL scientists and engineers play a land cover, oceans and atmosphere in DSN and the Advanced Multi­ the quantity of raw data that could transponder, command unit, teleme­ major role in two of these instruments: order to understand natural and Mission Operations System be received from Galileo. try encoding, timing services, and the Multi-Angle Imaging Spectro­ human-induced changes in the envi­ (AMMOS). It was also a very busy During 1997 two new 34-meter frame interface in a package with far radiometer (MISR) and the Advanced ronment. Along with the instrument year for tracking activities. beam waveguide antennas, one less mass, power and cost than Spaceborne Thermal Emission science teams, 55 interdisciplinary The DSN provided communica­ each in Canberra and Madrid, today's transponders. Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER). science teams from around the world tions support for 46 NASA and Spain, began operational support The DSN Science Team has been "MISR and its aircraft counter­ will use EOS data to study everything other missions, including interna­ for the many flight projects that use supporting the development of an part, AirMISR, and the associated from the agriculture of China to tional customers. Cassini was one of the DSN. The Canberra antenna educational program made possible data processing software, are all built Earth's angular momentum. 14 launches, and the Mars Global played a role in the arraying sup­ by the decommissioning of DSS 12, by JPL. This has made for a well-inte­ Two interdisciplinary investigations Surveyor orbit insertion one of 12 port during the Galileo prime mis­ a 34-meter antenna at Goldstone. grated team that is very responsive to are led by IPL scientists: "Air-Sea critical mission events supported sion, while the Madrid antenna was The antenna has been converted into science needs," explained Dr. David Interaction and Ocean Circulation in during 1997. The DSN continues to operational in time for the October a dedicated radio telescope, remote­ Diner, principal investigator for Climate Changes," by Dr. Tunothy Liu, track the twin Voyager spacecraft­ launch of the Cassini mission. Both ly controlled by trained volunteers at MISR. The instrument comprises and "Retrieval, Assimilation and in space for more than 20 years­ of the new antennas provided the the Apple Valley Science and nine cameras that observe the Earth at Modeling of Atmospheric Water Vapor and now more than 6 billion miles additional X-band uplink capability Technology Center. A pilot program nine different angles, both fore and from Ground and Space GPS Networks: from Earth. required by such missions as Mars that enables middle- and high-school aft of the spacecraft. Each camera Investigation of the Global and The unique demands of the Mars Pathfinder, Mars Global Surveyor teachers to conduct radio astronomy operates at four different wavelengths Regional Hydrological Cycles," led Dr. Pathfinder mission created some and Cassini. observations from their classrooms (red, green, blue, and near infrared) Jean Dickey. Many other IPL scientists special communications challenges. Recognizing that the Space was begun in April. Students from for a total of 36 different images. are co-investigators on EOS teams. To accommodate the difficulties of Flight Operations Facility (SFOF) nine schools in Alabama, California, "The experiment represents a new Future EOS spacecraft include the communicating with the relatively has the potential for being a single Idaho, Kentucky and Michigan suc­ way to look at the Earth," Diner said. PM-1 (named for post meridiem, or low-powered lander, a rapid paced, point of failure for missions, TMOD cessfully conducted observations of "We'll use the multi-angle images to afternoon, equator flyover) mission, quick-response time was essential, developed a new Emergency Jupiter and participated in data obtain detailed characterizations of scheduled for launch in late 2000, and requiring the DSN to be exception­ Control Center, which began opera­ analysis. The program will be airborne dust and haze, clouds and the the EOS-CHEM (for chemistry) mis­ ally flexible with schedules. An tions in early October in time for the expanded during 1998 to include surface. This will help us understand sion, scheduled for launch in 2002. unusual request from Pathfinder was Cassini launch. Located at the Echo schools nationwide. the Earth's climate." MISR will also IPL's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder the requirement to receive sema­ Site of the Goldstone complex, the In the year ahead, TMOD will provide stereoscopic images of both (AIRS) will fly as one of six instru­ phore signals sent during the center provides a backup site from continue to upgrade and develop the land surface and clouds. ments aboard PM-1. AIRS will make descent and landing. The Galileo which JPL can sustain emergency new systems and technologies for ASTER is a cooperative effort extensive measurements of surface and telemetry subsystem was modified mission operations. the DSN and associated systems to between NASA and Japan's Ministry air temperatures, humidity, clouds and to process and display the sema­ TMOD is also preparing for a meet the growing demands of IPL's of International Trade and Industry. atmospheric composition to improve phores in real-time. This allowed future where smaller, faster, cheaper future missions. 0 The instrument was built in Japan, climate models, weather predictions, and the international science team is See EOS, page 8 January 9, 1998 6

make educated guesses about the Galileo structure of the Jovian moons," said Continued from page 1 Dr. John Anderson, a JPL planetary scientist. "Now, with the help of the a superb job leading the team." spacecraft, we can measure the grav­ "Accomplishing what we have set itational fields of the satellites and out to do with such a small team is determine their interior structure and going to be a real challenge," Mitchell density. We can detennine how the said. "But we have an excellent team in matter is distributed inside." place, and I'm looking forward to it." Galileo's instruments also detect­ The first flyby of the Galileo ed some interesting, Earth-like phe­ Europa Mission took place on Dec. nomena on Jupiter, including the 16, when the spacecraft swooped past presence of lightning and aurora. Europa at an altitude of 200 kilome­ Recent findings confom the suspi­ ters (124 miles), making it the closest cion that the thunderstorms provide Europa encounter of the entire energy for the low pressure centers Galileo mission. The extended mis­ on Jupiter, which in tum feed the sion will include seven more Europa Great Red Spot, white ovals and flybys, four encounters with Callisto, other large storms. and one or two close flybys of Io, In 1997, Galileo also found clus­ depending on spacecraft health. ters of volcanic vents and hot spots in Pictures and other data returned P49435 P49436 greatest concentration on Io in the areas closest and farthest from by Galileo during its primary mission The mosaic above shows some of the highest resolu­ This Europa image, also taken during Galileo's 11th continued to fascinate the public in tion images of Europa obtained by Galileo's imaging orbit around Jupiter, shows dark and splotchy terrain, Jupiter. Other discoveries include 1997. New images of Europa system during its 11th orbit around Jupiter. Hundreds including a smooth, gray band in the lower portion. evidence of salt and carbon dioxide revealed evidence of ice flows, a of ridges cut across each other, indicating multiple This represents a zone where the Europan crust has in Europa's icy crust and landslides complex network of crisscrossed episodes of ridge formation either by volcanic or tec­ been fractured, separated, and filled in with material on Callisto. ridges, chunky ice rafts and relatively tonic activity within the ice. derived from the interior. While the spacecraft was busy smooth, crater-free patches. The making scientific history, Galileo areas of rafting added to the mount­ Galileo investigators discovered a on Europa, it does show us there are "Thi s is the largest surface team members made history of their ing evidence of liquid oceans under hydrogen atmosphere around complex surface and atmospheric change on Io observed by Galileo own in January. O'Neil, Johnson, and Europa's icy crust at some point in its Ganymede and both hydrogen and car­ processes occurring there, and Europa during its entire two-year tour of the others met with Pope John Paul II history. The presence of oceans bon dioxide in an atmosphere on is not just some dead hunk of materi­ Jovian system," said Galileo imag­ during a trip to Italy. would increase the odds that life Callisto. The spacecraft also found that al," said lead investigator Dr. Arvydas ing team member Dr. Alfred "None of us ever anticipated that could have existed there. Europa has an ionosphere, produced Kliore of JPL. McEwen, a University of Arizona Project Galileo would result in a papal "We're intrigued by these blocks by ionization of its tenuous oxygen Galileo also transmitted new evi­ research scientist. audience, "O'Neil said. "The Pope of ice, similar to those seen on Earth's atmosphere. This finding came after a dence of numerous high-temperature Other significant results from seemed very interested in learning polar seas during springtime thaws," series of six occultation experiments, volcanoes on Jupiter's volatile moon, Galileo this past year included the about Galileo results. He encouraged said Dr. Ronald Greeley, an Arizona when the radio signal was intem1pted Io. One recent discovery revealed a confirmation of the spacecraft's 1996 continuing exploration of the universe." State University geologist and Galileo while Europa was positioned between new dark spot the size of Arizona on discovery of a magnetic field and O'Neil and Johnson received hon­ imaging team member. "The size and Galileo and Earth. These experiments Io. The visible change occurred magnetosphere on Ganymede, and orary doctorates from the University geometry of these features lead us to were performed during Galileo's between Galileo's seventh and tenth the discoveries that all the Galilean of Padova and attended the Three believe there was a thin icy layer cov­ encounters with Europa in December orbits of Jupiter, and produced a dark moons except Callisto have a core. Galileos Conference, a meeting ering water or slushy ice, and that 1996 and February 1997. area about 400 kilometers (249 miles) Callisto did show signs of smface design\!d to honor Galileo the man, some motion caused these crustal "While this discovery does not in diameter, surrounding a volcanic erosion and blanketing at fine scale. Galileo the mission, and Galileo the plates to break up." relate to the question of possible life center named Pillan Patera. "Before Galileo, we could only new national telescope of Italy. D

a mirror image of the original map­ final mapping orbit. These close­ discovery continues to baffle scien­ by the Russian missions Mars 2,3 and MGS ping orbit, but it would take an addi­ range. bonus passes will provide tists, but it was the first time that 5 and Phobos 1 and 2 were inconclu­ sive regarding the presence or Continued from page 1 tional year to set up. The spacecraft superb opportunities for data acquisi­ Mars' magnetic field had, in fact, would have to take a six-month hia­ tion. The spacecraft's full suite of been studied. · absence of a magnetic field of inter­ short amount of time and on a tight tus in the spring of 1998 to allow instruments, including the laser The spacecraft's magnetometer, nal origin." budget. The time and cost of the mis­ Mars to ·move into the proper align­ altimeter, will be turned on during which began making measurements The magnetic field holds impor­ sion broke all the records-26 ment for mapping. The spacecraft's this time to study the planet close up. of Mars' magnetic fielq after its cap­ tant clues to the evolution of Mars. months to build the spacecraft at a orbit would take Global Surveyor "We expect to gain some spectac­ ture in orbit on Sept. 11, detected the Planets like Earth, Jupiter and Saturn cost of only $148 million, which was across Mars' equator at 2 a.m. rather ular new data during this time," magnetic field just four days after the generate their magnetic fields by well under the cost cap and a fraction than at 2 p.m., and the side of Mars Cunningham said. "The spacecraft's beginning of its orbit around Mars. means of a dynamo made up of mov­ of what it cost to build previous that would have been dark would orbit will still be elliptical during this The existence of a planetary magnet- ing molten metal at the core. This spacecraft destined for Mars. metal is a very good conductor of Mars Global Surveyor carried six electricity, and the rotation of the scientific instruments to study Mars' planet creates electrical currents climate, surface topography and deep within the planet, which give subsurface resources. Its primary rise to the magnetic field. A molten scientific objective, though, was to A magnetic field shields a planet from fast-moving, electrically interior suggests the existence of map the entire surface of the red charged particles from the Sun,'' which may affect its atmosphere, internal heat sources which could planet. give rise to volcanoes and a flowing The journey to Mars wasn't as as well as cosmic rays, which are an impediment to life. If Mars crust responsible for moving conti­ smooth as the team had hoped for, but nents over geologic time periods. each problem that cropped up was had a more active dynamo in its past, as we suspected from the The latter phenomenon is called remedied in a creative and swift man­ existence of ancient volcanoes there, then it may have had a plate tectonics. ner. In mid-November, as the space­ "A magnetic field shields a plan­ craft began to aerobrake into the thicker atmosphere and liquid water on its surface. et from fast-moving, electrically upper fringes of the Martian atmos­ charged particles from the Sun, phere, structural damage to the yoke -Dr. Mario Acuna which may affect its atmosphere, as hinge of one of the solar panels, principal investigator of the well as cosmic rays, which are an incurred during· initial deployment of impediment to life," Acuna said. "If the panels shortly after launch, magnetometer/electron reflectometer instrument Mars had a more active dynamo in caused the unlatched panel to begin its past, as we suspected from the flexing during each dip lower into the existence of ancient volcanoes Martian atmosphere. there, then it may have had a thick­ Mechanical stress analysis tests now be illuminated by the Sun. period, with a duration of between ic field has important implications for er atmosphere and liquid water on suggested that the solar panel yoke­ "From the perspective of the sci­ eight to 12 hours, but at periapsis, the the geological history of Mai·s and for its surface." a triangular, aluminum honeycomb ence instruments, the orbit will look surface resolution will be much the possible development and contin­ It is not known whether the cur­ material sandwiched between two just like the original orbit, except greater and the lighting angles will be ued existence oflife on Mars. rent weaker field now results from a sheets of graphite epoxy-had proba­ that instead of taking data from spectacular." "Preliminary evidence of a less active dynamo, or if the dynamo bly fractured on one surface during north to south on the sunny side of If additional problems aiise with stronger than expected magnetic field is now extinct and what the scientists initial deployment. The analysis fur­ Mars, Global Surveyor will be mak­ the aerobraking process, the new of planetary origin was collected and ai·e observing is really a remnant of ther suggested that the fractured sur­ ing its observations in a south to mission plan will offer the Surveyor is now under detailed study," said Dr. an ancient magnetic field still face, with increased pressure on the north direction in the sunlight," said team other opportunities to reach an Mario Acuna, principal investigator detectable in the Martian crust. panel during aerobraking, began to Glenn E. Cunningham, Mars Global elliptical orbit that will satisfy many of the magnetometer/electron reflec­ "Whether this weak magnetic pull away from the aluminum honey­ Surveyor project manager, at a mid­ of the mission's science objectives. tometer instrument at NASA's field implies that we are observing comb beneath it. November press briefing at JPL. These so-called "off-ramps" from Goddard Space Flight Center, a fossil crustal magnetic field asso­ The flight team at Lockheed Rather than reaching its final map­ the aerobraking process will be Greenbelt, Md. "This was the first ciated with a now extinct dynamo­ Martin Astronautics in Denver, in ping orbit in mid-January 1998, and detailed in a new mission plan to be opportunity in the mission to collect or merely a weak but active collaboration with atmospheric spe­ beginning the science mission in reviewed by NASA officials in close-in magnetic field. data. Much dynamo similar to that of Earth, cialists at JPL, decided upon a more mid-March 1998, Mars Global Februai-y 1998. additional data will be collected in Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and gradual aerobraking strategy in Surveyor would achieve its final With renewed vigor that the sci­ upcoming orbits during the aerobrak­ Neptune-remains to be seen," which to lower the spacecraft. orbital position in mid-January ence mission had not been compro­ ing phase of the mission to further Acuna said. Aerobraking was reinitiated at 0.2 1999, and mapping was to begin in mised, the flight team resumed aero­ chai·acterize the strength and geome­ Mars Global Surveyor is the first newtons per square meter (3/100,000 mid-March 1999. Apart from the braking on Nov. 7. Since then, the try of the field. in a sustained program of robotic of l pound per square inch), about year's delay in beginning mapping, spacecraft's scientific instruments "The current observations suggest exploration of Mars. In December one-third of the original aerobraking the new mapping orbit would pre­ have performed flawlessly, continu­ a field with a polarity similar to that 1998, a second pair of spacecraft will level. That level was thought to be serve all of the science objectives of ing to return new information about of Earth's and opposite that of be launched toward the red planet, safe, but could be adjusted in the the mission. Martian magnetic properties, its Jupiter, with a maximum strength not caiTying instruments that will aug­ event of additional trouble with the During next year's hiatus, Global atmosphere, smface features, temper­ exceeding 1/800 of the magnetic field ment this new global portrait of panel. Surveyor will remain in a fixed, ellip­ atures and mineralogy. at the Eaith's surface. Mars. As those spacecraft arrive at Science teams then came up with tical orbit in which it will pass much Among the most intriguing sci­ "This result is the first conclusive Mai·s, Global Surveyor will be gen­ a new aerobraking strategy and a new closer to the surface of Mars during ence discoveries was confirmation evidence of a magnetic field at erating a global map of the planet mapping orbit. each periapsis---or closest part of its that Mars had a weak, non-uniform, Mars," Acuna continued. "More dis­ that will aid in the selection of future The new mapping orbit would be orbit around Mars-than it will in the planet-wide magnetic field. The tant observations obtained previously landing sites. D January 9, 1998 7

RETURNING SAMPLES OF OTHER WORLDS TO EARTH Stardust mission to start Planning spacecraft assembly, test begins on

By MARY BETH MURRILL and Lockheed Martin." The project asteroid finalized its designs in June and has Stardust, the "faster, better, cheap­ completed and collected almost all er" Discovery Program mission that the hardware and software compo­ 'nano-rover' will send a spacecraft to gather a sam­ nents in preparation for the system ple from a comet, has met the mile­ assembly and test, Atkins said. By MARY BETH MURRILL stones necessary to begin assembly In February, Stardust mission A formal project office was and test of the spacecraft hardware and engineers from JPL and Lockheed established in 1997 to manage -the software in early January at Lockheed Martin will convene for a parachute U.S. contribution to the Japanese­ Martin Astronautics in Denver. drop test for the Stardust sample managed Muses-C mi ssion to collect Scheduled for launch in February return reentry capsule system on the and return to Earth a sample from an 1999, the Stardust spacecraft will snowy desert plateau of the Utah asteroid. embark on a seven-year journey Test and Training Range near Salt This innovative mission will use through the coma and to within Lake City. The test range is the new flight technology, including P43342 about 150 kilometers of the nucleus scheduled delivery site for Stardust's solar electric propulsion, to send a This solar panel-powered rover will travel with the Muses-C spacecraft. of Comet Wild-2 (pronounced sample return in January 2006. spacecraft to asteroid 4660 Nereus Measuring about 20 centimeters (8 inches) in length, it will be built by JPL and weigh about 7/10 of a kilogram (25 ounces). "VILT-2). It will be the first space Comet Wild-2 is a 'fresh' comet and deliver a IPL-developed rover, mission to gather dust and other which was recently (in 1974) which measures about the size of a material from a comet and bring it deflected by Jupiter's gravity from shoebox, to the asteroid 's surface. Japan's Institute of Space and In 1997, the JPL Muses-CN pro­ back to Earth for scientific analysis. an earlier orbit lying much farther The Japanese Muses-C spacecraft Astronautical Science. ject team completed hardware and Stardust's scientific bounty from out in the solar system. Having spent will also fire explosive charges into In addition to providing the software integration of a nano-rover its five-year voyage will also most of the last 4.6 billion years in the asteroid, collect the samples rover, JPL will an-ange for the test­ prototype. Performance evaluations include samples of the interstellar the coldest, most distant reaches of that are ejected from the impacts, ing of the Muses-C reentry heat of the camera and spectrometer for dust that passes through the solar the solar system, Wild-2 represents a and return the samples to Earth in a shield at NASA's Ames Research the rover also began, as did research system. Return of this interstellar well-preserved example of the fun­ capsule for laboratory analysis. Center, arrange for supplemental and analysis of navigation and sam­ material will provide scientists with damental building blocks out of The mission is scheduled for Deep Space Network tracking of ple reentry work. Preliminary plans their first opportunity for laboratory which the solar system formed. launch in 2002. the spacecraft, and assist in space­ for the heat shield design review and study of the composition of the Both the comet and interstellar "This represents an opportunity craft navigation. JPL's responsibili­ testing are in place at the Ames interstellar medium. dust samples will be collected in for the U.S. and Japan's space engi­ ties also include arranging for Research Center. "We've experienced good cost aerogel, a lightweight transparent neers and scientists to combine recovery of the return capsule and Muses-CN project highlights at and schedule performance in 1997," silica gel, the lowest density solid their expertise to achieve major sci­ performance of work to meet the JPL in the coming year will said Stardust Project Manager Dr. material in the world. (Aerogel was ence and technology goals in a requirements of the National include the completion of the rover Kenneth Atkins. "We've learned most recently used as a lightweight cost-constrained environment," Environmental Policy Act. engineering model design, and lessons from previous Discovery insulating material to protect the said Ross Jones, project manager The asteroid samples will be release of the announcement of projects like Mars Pathfinder, and Mars Pathfinder Sojourner's elec­ for the U.S. portion of the mission returned to a landing site in the U.S, opportunity to the science commu­ we've been working to leverage tronics from the harsh, cold climate called Muses-C ("N" stands for and American and Japanese investi­ nity, beginning the selection common efficiencies with the other of Mars.) "NASA"). Overall management of gators will collaborate on shared data process for scientists who will be Mars projects being worked by JPL See Stardust, page 8 the Muses-C project resides at from the rover and the spacecraft. investigators on the project. D Tech transfer mission a key for corporate America End of '97 marks first decade ofprogram individual __ compa,ny_ problems bY This program is focused on co_st­ company, along with with many local employing special JPL technology and shared, dual-use technology develop­ and regional economic development By MERLE McKENZIE nies. In response, in 1997's release of expertise. In this last fiscal year, JPL ment. To date, 40 joint resear·ch and entities. JPL also has licensed, Manager, Commercial the NASA Strategic Plan, the Space technologists worked on 85 company development activities were complet­ through Caltech, with more than 35 Technology Program Science Enterprise established the tasks funded by the companies at $3 ed with 44 companies. An example in companies whose products engage goal of transfen-ing technology to million. One example of this work was 1997 is Schick Technologies, Inc., the public (e.g., Mattel Inc.). Technology has a powerful effect achieve globally-competitive eco­ the transfer of antenna and satellite which incorporated JPL research in All of these technology transfer on the productivity and profitability of nomic returns to the nation. tracking technology to KVH, Inc., via active pixel technology into a low-cost programs and mechanisms build from corporate America. Corporate interest JPL is already successful in this a NASA license. The result was a new device for bone density assessment. the powerful licensing foundation in JPL's technology can have a power­ area. Fundamentally, the concept is product for mobile, direct broadcast Direct NASA support for such agree­ provided by the collaboration of the ful impact on the Laboratory's future. simple: as part of its exploration mis­ reception, now offered for purchase. ments has been completed, but use of Commercial Technology Program JPL's "other mission," technology sion, JPL continually feeds its technol­ The Affiliates Program al so provides this mechanism will continue through Office with Caltech's Office of transfer and commercialization, ogy pipeline from early research to mis­ an avenue for companies to access leveraging of existing technology Technology Transfer and Chief Patent bridges these two needs and the cul­ sion application; U.S. companies can JPL's test facilities. This expe1tise and development resources. Counsel, and the NASA Patent tures they represent. The Commercial then make use of this technology in capability shortens a company's prod­ Over the last two year·s, three addi­ Counsel and Technology Commer­ Technology Program Office at JPL their markets. In practice, however, uct development cycle, getting prod­ tional technology transfer processes cialization Office. The proactive provides this vital function. three elements are essential for technol­ ucts into markets sooner. have been developed. The first targets work of these offices is well recog­ The end of 1997 also completes ogy transfer to really work. First, com­ As part of an annual survey, cor­ technology applications in growth mar·­ nized in the licensing of both softwar·e the first decade of JPL's technology panies need to know that JPL proac­ porate affiliates gave Technology kets of high potential value to JPL. The and hardwar·e technology. transfer program. The results-and tively pursues technology transfer and Affiliates high mar·ks, and continue to second establishes JPL's intent to play Looking to 1998, the new year's perspective- are at hand to assess how to access it. Second, the JPL tech­ vote with their wallets, with an over­ a role in regional economic growth. resolutions for technology transfer and judge why this leveraging of JPL nology pipeline needs to be managed all repeat customer rate of 75 percent. The third directly supports JPL mission include: additional documentation of technology into U.S . companies is so and matched to the needs of the compa­ To date, Technology Affiliates has outreach through licensing of copy­ processes, increased communications important and how it best works. nies. Third, the cultural differences solved more than 300 problems for right, trademark or design patents. within the Laboratory to demonstrate The impo1tance of the function between industry and the Laboratory U.S. companies and, equally impor­ 1997 results of these processes the technology transfer program's has been nationally recognized. As a have to be actively bridged. In 1997 tant, built the knowledge and practice include many new relationships. For value, and additional focus on sup­ result of the Government JPL continued to make significant required to bridge the culture gap example, JPL is exploring coopera­ porting JPL's exploration mission. Performance and Results Act, progress in all three of these areas. between JPL and industry. tion on emerging global environmen­ Those who work in the program look Congress is looking to all federal As the 10-year cornerstone of tech­ The Technology Cooperation tal markets with the Pasadena-based forward to new growth in their role in agencies to ensure the use of the fed­ nology transfer, the JPL Technology Agreement program completed its Jacobs Engineering Group, a world­ the technology future of both JPL and eral technology base by U.S. compa- Affiliates Program continues to solve NASA-sponsored activity last year-. wide engineering and construction U.S. industry. Stay tuned! D

load operations at Johnson Space partnership is Project SUN (Students being considered include joint areas Center, and sent as a camera control Understanding Nature), a worldwide of research and study; exchange of Lab has strong year for file up to the space shuttle. network of detectors operated by stu­ principal investigators and technical CmTiculum for the KidSat project dents that monitor ultraviolet and personnel; JPL hosting of students on was developed by JPL, UC San Diego continuous flux of solar radiation at a volunteer basis; participation in contributions to education and the Johns Hopkins University the Earth's surface. JPL scientists are post-doctoral research programs; By STEPHANIE ZELUCK continued on shuttle flight STS-81 in Institute for the Academic Advance­ using these data to learn more about research internships and fellowships; January, and ended its pilot phase ment of Youth. the Earth surface environment. and joint sponsorship of symposia, 1997 was a year of high activity with its inclusion onboar·d STS-86 in Back down on Earth, JPL signed The agreement between JPL and workshops and conferences. for JPL's many educational programs, September 1997. memorandums of understanding to par­ Columbia University's Columbia On the two-year college front, a laying the groundwork for how new Working with JPL software engi­ ticipate in academic development and Earth Institute, signed in August, new prograrn called the Jet Propulsion innovations will influence the teach­ neers, students at nearby La Canada research opportunities with two univer­ calls for a collaborative study of Laboratory Undergraduate Scholars ing of science and mathematics in the High School developed software to sities- California State University Earth systems and their impacts on (JPLUS) will annually award the lead­ next millennium. Among a variety of interface with the camera, a data sys­ Northridge (CSUN) and Columbia society. ing first-year student from each of 25 JPL educational programs, the fol­ tem to archive the downloaded University of New York City. JPL organizations expected to par­ local community colleges who are lowing show the wide range of pro­ images, and classroom studies called In May, the Laboratory agreed ticipate in the collaboration will majoring in physical science, mathe­ grams that are based upon unique "explorations" that involved detailed with CSUN to actively share data with include engineering and science matics, computer science or engineer­ JPL/NASA activities and materials studies of ar·eas imaged by the KidSat the university and provide teacher and groups involved in synthetic aperture ing fields. that bring inspiration and discovery camera. Additionally, 50 student mis­ student opportunities for enrichment. radar-, global positioning system tech­ JPLUS was created by JPL's into the classroom. sion operations centers allowed stu­ CSUN is continuing to work with JPL nology and applications, Earth imag­ Educational Affairs Office as a way to KidSat, NASA's pilot education dents around the U.S. to submit in developing cmTiculum materials ing, oceanographic science and tech­ reach out and support undergraduate­ program allowing students across the image requests to a mission opera­ and providing resources in the form of nology, and atmospheric science and level students using the extensive count1y to use a space shuttle-mount­ tions gateway at UC San Diego, student assistance. technology. Southern California community col- ed digital camera to study the Earth, where they were verified, sent to pay- One project included within the Under the agreement, activities See Education, page 8 January 9, 1998 8

piled up warm water in the west as of approximately 12 kilometers stituents that affect stratospheric Nifio indicated by the higher than normal (eight miles) over the central-east­ EOS ozone loss, as well as humidity in the sea level and sea surface tempera­ ern tropical Pacific. Not since the upper troposphere, that have been Continued from page 5 Continued from page 1 ture," said Dr. W. Timothy Liu, last strong El Niiio in the winter of made by the MLS instrument aboard to move eastward along the equator NSCAT project scientist at JPL. 1991-92 have we seen such a large and observations of phenomena such the Upper Atmosphere Research until it reaches the coast of South Unfo1tunately, the NSCAT observa­ build-up of water vapor in this part as El Niiio and La Niiia (where trade Satellite since 1991. Dr. Joe Waters is America. This displaced pool of tions stopped in June 1997 when of the atmosphere," said JPL's Dr. winds intensify over the Pacific, typi­ the MLS principal investigator. unusually warm water affects evapo­ Japan's Advanced Earth Observing William Read. "Increased water cally causing more rain in Indonesia TES will monitor those gases ration, where rain clouds form and, Satellite (ADEOS) suffered a fatal solar vapor at these heights can be associ­ and drought in the U.S.). The AIRS involved in ozone formation, acid consequently, alters the typical array problem and the mission was lost. ated with more intense winter-time science terun is led by JPL Chief deposition (acid rain), and volcanic atmospheric jet stream patterns Another key component to the storm activity from the 'pineapple Scientist Dr. Moustafa Chahine. eruptions in the lower atmosphere around the world. The change in the JPL El Niiio watch has been the water express,' a pattern of atmospheric The Microwave Limb Sounder (troposphere). These measurements wind strength and direction also vapor data collected from NASA's motions that brings tropical mois­ (MLS) and the Tropospheric will increase scientists' understand­ impacts global weather patterns. Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite ture from Hawaii to the southwest­ Emission Spectrometer (TES) wi ll ing of the carbon cycle, pollution, "Since the beginning of NSCAT's (UARS). ern United States. fly on the CHEM mission. MLS will ozone loss and natural variations in operation in September 1996, the "JPL's Microwave Limb Sounder "This phenomena is an example of continue measurements of ozone, Earth's atmosphere. Dr. Reinhard scatterometer observed stronger than experiment on UARS detected an how the ocean and atmosphere work chlorine monoxide, and other con- Beer is principal investigator. 0 normal easterly winds in the central unusually large build-up of water together to dictate the severity of El and western tropical Pacific, which vapor in the atmosphere at heights Nino events." 0 change to the Sea Winds instrument QuikSCAT was implemented in 1997. NSCAT's last May. including vegetation indexes, census Continued from page 5 performance drrunatically exceeded its Education Taking hold of the latest in tech­ data, water boundary information and science requirements, and the change The Sea Winds instrument is still on to Sea Winds modified the instrument's Continued from page 7 nology, the Consortium for the land use. The di sc also contains links Application of Space Data to to the CASDE home page, which in track to fly on the Japanese Space resolution from the required 50 kilo­ lege system. Education (CASDE) created a cut­ turn links to real-time weather related Agency's ADEOS II satellite; howev­ meters to match NSCAT's actual mea­ Winners receive $500 and a cer­ ting-edge CD-ROM helping educa­ images and data from the GOES-8 er, the launch will be delayed by surements of 25 kilometers. The hard­ tificate naming them as a JPL scholar tors, students and environmental and -9 satellites. approximately nine months. The engi­ ware and software changes were for exemplary work in each of the resource managers learn how to apply CASDE is a prutnership between neering model of the instrument has extensive and the tean1 accomplished first two years of school. They will remotely-sensed data to physics, JPL, the University at Nebraska, been successfully integrated on the them on schedule and without impact­ also be given an opportunity to com­ geography and environmental moni­ Llncoln, and Johns Hopkins Uni versity. satellite in Japan. Also, a major design ing commitments to Japan. 0 pete for a $4,000 Caltech/JPL toring. Another CASDE CD-ROM is expected Summer Undergraduate Research The CD-ROM provided several for release in early 1998. JPL's Microdevices Lab will etch the Fellowship (SURF). types of multispectral images as part More infom1ation on JPL education­ Stardust names on a silicon wafer that will be The JPLUS program was dedicat­ of "Virtual Nebraska," a prototype of al projects can be found on the World placed on the Stardust reentry cap­ Continued from page 7 ed to the late Robert B. Leighton, a state-wide electronic snapshots called Wide Web at the following addresses: sule. The names, collected in part­ longtime physicist and astronomer at "Virtual America" that will eventual­ KidSat: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/kidsat. In November, the project nership with The Planetary Society, Caltech who began his career at Los ly expand to include other regions. Project SUN: http://sunshine.jp!. received tens of thousands of will make a round trip to Comet Wi ld Angeles Community College. The The images help in obtaining detailed nasa.gov CASDE: http://www. responses to its invitation to the pub­ 2, returning to Earth in the sample program has been under wax since information about selected cities, casde.unl.edu/casde.html . 0 lic to "send your name to a comet." return capsule. 0

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Christmas Tree Lane, hrdwd. firs, fireplc., refrig., central air, 2-car garage; 1,BOB sq. ft. , 10 min./JPL; I wo uld like to thank the ERC very much for the hardly used; $149/obo. 570-0B64. 957-7434. stove, washer/dryer, fenced backyd., fruit trees, $1B5,000. 951-1539. plant they sent me as a condolence for my grand­ COLLECTIBLES: great Star Wars figures packaged '92 FORD E350 luxury van, 460 eng., 11 reclining $1 ,250, incl. water, gardener, trash, negotiable. mother's recent death. It was a surprise and came in sets, hard to get beanie babies, Mars Rover Hot seats, tow, vg cond ., $9,500. BOS/265-9572. 626/794-9579, eves. at an important time. Thanks so very much. Wheels toys and remote control Mars Rovers, other '7B FORD Fairmont, 4 ctr. sedan, vg cond., orig . ALTA DENA, studio apt. at back of house. separate VACATION RENTALS Stephen Leroy collectible goodies. 626/39B-99B4, Diana. owner; blue book B25-1 665; $900. 790-7062. entrance, nice area near Eaton Cyn., $425 incl. util. BIG BEAR cabin, cozy, lg. lip, sips. B, 2 bd ., compl. DOD COMPUTER CD software for Macintosh, call for '90 HONDA Accord EX, 4 ctr .. top-of-line, exc. 626/39B-7504. furn .. TV, VCR, $75/night. 249-BS 15. On behalf of my family, I would like to thank all of list, all $25 and under. 790-3B99. cond., sunroof & CD player, ale & all elec., fwy. mi. , ALTADENNRubio Canyon area, room in private BIG BEAR LAKE cabin, 1 mile to ski slopes, lake, my friends and co-workers for their thoughts and COMPUTER SECURITY KI T (Grimes) for older $6,995/obo. 626/799-4605. residence, no smoking, no pets, $350. 626/797- shops, village, forest; 2 bd., sips. 6, fully furn ., 1/p, prayers during the illness and death of my grand­ Macintosh, $10. 790-3B99. '91 ISUZU Rodeo XS, 4x4, cruise, AM/FM/cass .. BOB2. TV, VCR, phone, full kitchen, microwave, BBQ and mother. Your thoughtfulness gave us great comfort COMPUTER, Apple Power Book Duo 2BOc, 12 MB, manual trans., 1 owner, exc. cond., all records, just EAGLE ROCK, spacious 2-bd. house w/office, more; JPL disc. price from $65/night. 909/599-5225. and for that we would like to thank you from the 320 HD, 2B.B modem, ducking station, 1 GB HD, smogged, $9,200/obo. 790-223B, alter 6 p.m. beautiful view, all appliances, lg. yd., 1-car gar., BIG BEAR LAKEFRONT lu xury townhome, sips. 6, bottom of our hearts. Also a big thanks to the ERC and all access., $1 ,200/obo. B32-5556. '7B JEEP CJS, VB, 304, Golden Eagle, bikini top, great kitch., security gate, wood floors, $1 ,000. stone f/p; indoor pool/spa; near skiing. 714/7B6- for the beautiful plant. DIAMOND, 1.10 caret, VVS1 , color I, orig. pur­ 4WD, $3,000. B05/250-B066, Wendy. 213/254-5350. 654B. Carmen Bustamante chased 19B6, proof of sale, $4, 750 (pd. $6,000). '73 JENSEN HEALEY c.v., in storage for several EAST PASADENA house, , near Eaton Cyn. Nature BIG BEAR, 7 mi. from slopes, full kitchen, lip, 2 bd., 909/596-B 117. yrs.; recent motor work; gd. cond.; $4,000. 951- center, 2 bd .. 2 ba., double garage, lip, blt.-in stove 1 ba., sips. 6; no smokers, no pets; exc. hiking, bik­ FOR SALE DIET COURSE, 20 Jenny Craig audiotapes, $40. 3467. & oven,+ 2 rooms attached to front of house with V2 ing, fishing nearby; reasonable rates, 2-night min. 790-3B99. 'BS MAZDA RX-7 GS, orig. owner, full maint. ba. for office; 1607 N. Altadena Dr. 626/794-3906. 909/SBS-9026, Pat & Mary Ann Carroll. ADVENTURE PASSES to CA national forests, 20 GLENDALE, townhouse style 2-story, c/a, 2 bd., 2.5 CAMBRIA, ocean front house, exc. view, sips. up to unused, $4 ea. (normally $5). 213/B51-2761. EXERCISE MACHINE, Ohaus triple beam balance, records, ale, alloy wheels, 5 spd., cruise cntl., vg ba., new carpet, kit./blt.-ins, $725. 240-1523, mgr. 4, $130/night for 2, $1B5/night for 4; special offer, ARMOIRES (2) and vanity w/3 mirrors; antique art 2,610 g., w/attachment weights, little used, $50. cond., $2, 100/obo. 349-3064. GLENDALE, roommate wanted to share 3 bd. stay 3 nights and 4th night is FREE, through deco, walnut color, waterfall; $950/obo. 915-497B. 365-3799. 'BS MERCEDES SOOSEL, new paint, chrome LAWN EDGER and trimmer, Mclane, 3 hp gas wheels and moldings, well-maintained, mainte­ condo, great location, near fwys. & stores, $525 + 1/31/9B. 24B-BB53. AUTO ACCESSORIES for Saturn SL series: bra, engine, exc. cond., $60. 626/2B9-6B02. nance record avail., 148K mi. , runs great, extra Y.! utils. 247-4025. MAMMOTH at Snowcreek, 2 bd., 2 ba., loft, sips. 6- only used a few times, retail $129, sell SBO/obo; GRANADA HILLS, N. of Rinaldi, 3 bd.,2 ba., 1/p, B; fully equipped kitchen incl. microwave, d/w; cable Spikes Spider (equivalent to snow chains), used MONITOR, Radius 21 ", 2-page display capable of clean; $15,495/obo. 570-0B64. 256 shades of gray, model #TPD; barely used; '75 MERCEDES 2BOC, sunroof, new paint & uphol­ new kitchen with blt.-ins, laundry hookups; new TV, VCR, phone, balcony w/view to mtns. ; Jacuzzi, $349/obo. 570-0B64. stery (2 yrs.), vg cond., all records, $4,250. 799- floor tile, bar baroque, wet bar; exc. cond., $1,100. sauna; conv. to shops, restaurants, lilts, spec. JPL ORGAN, Yamaha 415 electronic console w/13 ped­ 0109. B32-5556. rates. 626/79B-9222 or 626/704-0455. als, 3 keyboards, 144 rhythm patterns, pd. $7,500, '91 NISSAN X-cab, auto, air, ps, pb, wide tires, very MONROVIA (N. of Foothill), 2-bd. house (rear), MAMMOTH condo in Chamonix at lilts 7, B, 16, 17; NOTICE TO sacrifice for $3,000. 790-3B99. clean, must sell, $5,900/obo. 2B9-26BB. cent, air & heat, lndry. rm .. ceiling fans, fenced yd., walk to warming hut; 2 bd., 2 full ba., sips. 6, fully PERSONAL INFORMATION MANAGER, Seiko 'BS NISSAN Stanza, 4 ctr .. 116,40B mi., exc. cond., garage; 20 min./JPL; SB75 (disc. avail. for early equipped elec. kitchen, incl. microwave & extras, lip ADVERTISERS "Phone-Pal", $25. 790-3B99. $2,000. 353-2467. payment). 626/447-1BBB. & wood, color TV, VCR, FM stereo; old Jacuzzis, ROCKER RECLINERS (2), vg cond., $100 ea. 951- '95 PLYMOUTH Neon Sport, white, 4-dr., auto., MONTROSE, studio, unfurn. or partly furn., clean, sauna, game, rec. & lndry. rms.; conv. to shops, lifts; All housing and vehicle advertise­ 3467. ' pwr. steering, ABS, fog lights, fold-down back quiet, many trees, 4 min./JPL; for single person, no spec. midweek rates. 249-B524. ments require that the qualifying per­ SKI/EXERCISE EQUIPMENT, Nordic Track Pro seats, exc. cond., $7,400. 951-9635. pets; 2332 Montrose Ave.; $510. 249-7793. MAMMOTH condo, 2 bd. + loft, 3 ba., sips. B, spa, Model, exc. cond., cost $600, sell $300. 626/79B- '77 SUNLAND motor home, 23 ft., Dodge 440, ps, PASADENA, 2 bd ., 1 ba., 2nd floor apt., stove, ale, full kitchen, TVNCR, JPL disc. rates ; walk to son(s) placing the ad be listed as an 9902. pb, auto., roof air, 4K generator, sips. 4 +lg. ba., gd. disposal, lnd ry., cvrd . prkg.; new carpets, drapes, Canyon Lodge. 249-BOBB. owner on the ownership documents. SKIS, Autier, 194, w/Marker titanium bindings, tires, runs great, many extras, smogged Sept., lino., paint; $630. 790-7062. MAMMOTH condo, sips. 5, shuttle stop nearby, $195; SKI BOOTS, Lange, sz. 12, S95. 213/957- S6,500 or trade. 626/335-2963, Iv. msg./ask for PASADENA condo, 2 bd., 2 ba., sec. bldg., 2nd downtown, SSO Sun.-Thurs .. $65 Fri. & Sat. 353- 2992. Jerry. level, spacious, forced air heat & cooling, Sierra 7B39. SKIS, Kastle, Speed Machine GT, 193 cm, never '93 TOYOTA Corolla LE, 4 ctr .. auto., ale, cruise Madre Blvd .; rent to own, first 6 mos. rent can be MAMMOTH condo, studio + loft, 2 ba .. fireplace been used, S290. 626/397-7333, Robert. control, pwr. windows & door locks, factory CD play­ used as purchase down payment; SB95. 5B4-6526. w/wood, Jacuzzi, sauna, game rm. , color cbl. SKIS, Rossignol DV6S, 1BB cm, w/Salomon B57 er and AM/FM stereo cass., SOK mi. , immac. cond., ROSEMEAD room, share ba. w/1 guy; near fwy. & TVNCR, fu ll kitchen w/microwave, terrace, view, Universe bindings, almost new, $200. 714/B70-1B72. runs great, SB ,500/obo. 249-9437, eves. grocery stores; pool , Jacuzzi, washer/dryer, quiet, amen. 714/B70-1B72. STEPPER, with special pulse monitor, hardly used, '69 VW Baja Bug, stock engine, incl. modified tow clean, ale-heater, cathedral ceiling; no smoking, no MAUI condo, on beach w/ocean view, 25 ft. from Editor exc. cond., $70. 626/446-571 B. bar, used as tow vehicle for motor home, runs exc., drinking; share utils.; $213. 626/573-5534, Alex. surf, 1 bd. w/loft, compl. furn., incl. phone, color TV, SUITCASE, women's 27" w/wheels and shoe 51,400 /obo. 349-3064. SIERRA MADRE, share 2 bd., 2 ba. house, exc. VCR, microwave, dishwasher, pool & priv. lanai, Mark Whalen space, green soft cover, 1 yr. old, $75; SECRETARY '66 VW Type 3 Karmann Ghia, very rare, less than location, $425 + Y.! util. 626/355-2564, Barbara. sips. 4, 4/15-12/14 rate $95/nite/2, 12/15-4/14 rate DESK, ca. 1900s, w/middle drawer and 2-shelf 100 operating in N. America, show quality, award­ SIERRA MADRE CANYON cottage, quiet, charm­ $110/nite/2, S10/nite/add'I person, less 10% JPL & Photos bookcase below, S145. 626/793-3571. winning collector's piece, B6,500 actual mi. 790- ing, secluded, 2 bd ., 1 ba., recently remodeled Caltech disc. 714/348-B047. JPL Photo Lab SWEATER, Coogi, from Australia, new, $325 at 6B51 , Roger or Margaret. kitch. & bath; covered laundry area has washer and OCEANSIDE, on the sand, charming 1 bd.+ condo, Nordstrom, sell $100. 790-3B99. dryer; incl. parking spot; avail. Feb. 1; $B95. panoramic view, walk to pier/marina, pool, spa, Universe is published every other TICKETS, Kings hockey; individual games; seats WANTED 626/564-9607, Diana deNoyelles; e-mail: dde­ game rm. 714/7B6-654B. Friday by the Public Affairs Office located at blue line, Colonnade, section 27, row 11 ; [email protected]. PACIFIC GROVE hse., 3 bd., 2 ba., Ip, cable tv/vcr, $45 incl. two tickets and parking. 626/331-999B. CARPOOLER from Orange County (Tustin), work SOUTH PASADENA, 171B Huntington Dr., good stereo/CD, well-eqpd. kit. w/microwave, beaut. of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, TRAILER , 4' x B' collapsible; TRICYCLE, adult, 6:45-3:30. 714/731 -6076. area east of Marengo; fu lly furn. bungalow studio furn., close to golf, beaches, 17 Mile Dr. , Aquarium , California Institute of Technology, side-by-side tandem, 3 spd.; both like new; both for COMPUTER (laptop), older model, PC or Mac, suit­ apt. , carport, laundry, air cond./heat; non-smoker; Cannery Row, JPL discnt. 441-3265. $595/obo. BOS/251-7616, Ben. able . for word processing applications. 213/254- avail. Feb. 1 and April 1; utils. pd., $565. 626/792- PINE MOUNTAIN cabin, 2 bd., 1.5 ba.; Big Bear 4800 Oal< Grove Drive, Pasadena, TREE, live 10 ft. pine, $BO/obo. BBS-6317. B415. 9053, Marilyn. w/o the traffic, nr. Mt. Pinos; cross country skiing; CA 91109. TYPEWRITER, IBM Selectric Ill, correctable COMPUTER CONNECTOR KIT, AppleTalk, for TUJUNGA, 2-story, 3 bd., 2.5 ba. house, w/fenced $75/night. 310/B31-4234, Peter. w/extra elements, (RR clone), exc. cond., $95. lmageWriter II ; wi ll trade lmagewriter II w/o yd. , lg. kitchen, central air, 2-car garage, f/p, wash­ ROSARITO BEACH condo, 2 bd., 2 ba., ocean Ads must be submitted on ad 909/596-B 117. Apple Talk for one with. 790-6B51, Roger. er/dryer, fridge; 1,BOB sq. It., 1O min./JPL; $1,350. view, tennis ct., pool, priv. security prkg. , new 1B­ ca':ds, available at the ERC and WATCH, Piaget, mint cond., 1B ct. wht. gold, 22 COMPUTER, portable DOS/Windows-based PC; 951-1539. hole golf course w/in 5 mi. , 20 mi. south of border, flawless diamonds totaling 2.44 carat; blue oval nonprofit org. seeks loan (few mos.) or gift (tax­ short walk to beach. 626/794-3906. the Universe office, Bldg. 186-118, face; weighs 72g; purchased in '73 from Piaget; deductible). 213/745-2473 (Wed. or Fri.), L.A. Co. REAL ESTATE SOUTH LAKE TAHOE KEYS waterfront home, 4 only worn 3 times; worth $15,000; orig. sales Breeding Bird Atlas at Nat. Hist. Museum or bd./3 ba., sips. 12+; f/p on 2 levels, decks overlook­ or via electronic mail- address to BIG BEAR, new cabin 2 blks. from lake, 2 bd., 2 receipt & guarantee papers from Piaget; watch no 213/221-2022, Larry. ing private dock and ski lifts; gourmet kitch.; bicy­ ba., mud/laundry room , $129,000. 909/SBS-9026. [email protected] . E-mail longer manuf. and considered a collector's item; JUICERS, Norwalk Hydraulic Press type and cles, 20' sail & paddle boats, 3 color TVs, VCR, ads are limited to six lines. picture of identical watch online at http://www.elvis­ VitaMix (w/metal container). B91-6B36, Steve. CRESCENT CITY, Calif., 3 bd ., 2 ba., 1,710 sq. ft., stereo w/tape & disk; assn. indoor & outdoor pools, tcb.com/jewels.htm; sell SB,000/obo. 909/350- PICNIC TABLE w/benches, reasonable cond., for '91 modular home on solid foundation, exc. cond., hot tub & beach; Blighted tennis cts.; 10 min. to ski­ 60 x 120 fenced corner lot, wa lk to ocean, island l\ds are due at 2 p.m. on the 921 B. use as potting bench. 909/596-4390. ing, casinos, golf; 1 hr. to Western Sierra wine coun­ Monday after publication for the WEIGHT SET, Olympic; bench, apparatus, dumb­ RADIOS, table model; vacuum tubes and radio kitch., skylights, sunken tub master ba ., landscaped try; $995/wk. for high season (June 15-Sept. 15; bells, and over 350 lbs. in weights; $175/obo. 541- magazines; all from 1920s and '30s. 242-B961 , yd., 2-car garage, walk-in pantry & linen closet, Nov. 22-Mar. 1); $495/wk. low season, + $90 clean­ following issue. 0794, Marty. Floyd. lndry. rm . w/sink, near salmon fishing, S9B,OOO. ing fee; 3-day min. 626/S?B-1503, Jim Douglas. SPACE INFORMATION & memorabilia from U.S. & B05/4B1-B914 or email [email protected]. TAHOE DONNER, bright & sunny, fu lly furn. house, For change of address, contact other countries from past & present. 790-B523, GREEN VALLEY LAKE, a secluded vi llage in the 3 bd., loft, 2 1/2 ba., microwave, fireplace, TV, VCR, Document Distribution, ext. 4- AUTOS/RVs Marc. San Bernardino Mins., custom 3-story log home AM/FM stereo, sips. 6-B; quiet st. , wooded area; 5384, mail stop 171-119. '94 CADILLAC DeVille, black, like new, low mi. TUTOR to help develop a Web site using Adobe and buildable adjacent lot, beautiful 1BO-deg. view, close to skiing, tennis, golf. 794-73B2, Nancy/Fred. January 9, 1998 II Galileo anomalies under study

Pasadena, California Vol. 28, No. 2 January 23, 1998 Gyroscope likely culprit in attitude control glitches; situation not considered serious

By JANE PLATT Members of the Galileo flight team are ana­ lyzing data from a test performed Friday night, which they hope will shed light on the cause of two recent incidents of anomalous behavior by the spacecraft. While the investigation contin­ ues, the spacecraft has resumed normal trans­ mission to Earth of pictures and other science information stored on its onboard tape recorder. While one anomaly occurred during the JPL LAB-ORATORY, FEBRUARY 1958 spacecraft's Dec. 16 flyby of Europa, and the Following Explorer 1 's successful launch into other after the flyby, both involved the attitude orbit in 1958, then-JPL Director Dr. William control subsystem, which controls where the Pickering, left, hoisted a model of the spacecraft spacecraft and scan platform are pointing. with Dr. James Van Allen of the University of Team members suspect the cause may have Iowa, center, who designed a micrometeorite been one of the spacecraft's two gyroscopes. detector and cosmic ray experiment onboard, and The gyroscopes are used to point the spacecraft P8699B Dr. Wernher von Braun, designer of the booster when very precise pointing control and knowl­ rocket. The photo above shows that the satellite, edge of the spacecraft's position and orientation sometimes called a 'moon,' made headline news. are needed, usually for camera and other remote Explorer 1 turns 40 sensing science observations or for maneuvers that adj ust the spacecraft's flight path. The anomalies were not considered serious, Pickering, Stone to revisit launch offirst U.S. Earth-orbiting satellite but they did cause a temporary slowdown in the rate at which information was transmitted to By MARY BETH MURRILL "JPL started out as a graduate student project tion which set up NASA, said Pickering. "By Earth. That's because the anomalies caused trying to learn how to make a rocket that would­ October, NASA began to get down to business, Galileo's radio antenna to point in a direction The U.S. space program turns 40 on n't explode and would do what it was supposed and by September, NASA had picked up the about 10 degrees from Earth, about 8 degrees Saturday, Jan. 31 - and the public is invited to to do," Pickering said. Eventually, JPL had a JPL contract from the Army. greater than the normal attitude for ideal data share in the celebration when space pioneers key role in the Army's ballistic missile program, The question of what role in NASA we transmission. However, information is now and others gather at Caltech's Beckman working on the overall rocketry and guidance would play had to be addressed and the NASA being transmitted at a normal rate once again, Auditorium at 8 p.m. to revisit the historic and control systems. It was this expertise that people pointed out there were three parts to the thanks to a spacecraft turn performed last week launch of the Explorer 1 satellite, developed by led to JPL being chosen to work on Explorer 1, space program: near-Earth satellites, the which pointed Galileo's antenna within 3 JPL four decades ago, before NASA was even he said. manned program, and the deep space program," degrees of Earth, a normal angle. born. The event is free of charge. The intensive effort to complete the Explorer he added. "I said we wanted the deep space pro­ Galileo has begun sending back to Earth "Explorer 1: Forty Years After, A Look mission was accomplished by a team of experts gram and they gave it to me and that was it," some high-resolution pictures taken during the Back and a Look Ahead" will feature Dr. from U.S. academia and the military, along with Pickering said. Dec.16 Europa encounter. That flyby was the William Pickering, the former director of JPL top World War II German rocket scientists such For Stone, whose personal scientific endeav­ closest ever to be performed by Galileo, with and a pioneering space telecommunications as Dr. Wernher von Braun, who emigrated to the ors largely focus on the study of cosmic rays, the spacecraft dipping down to 200 kilometers researcher who led the Laboratory's work in the U.S. in the postwar years to help lead develop­ "Explorer 1 was very significant. It's the reason (124 miles) above the icy moon's surface. This Explorer era. He will describe the political, ment of American rocket capability. A globally why I've been doing what I'm doing for the last week, Galileo will also return fields and parti­ technical and scientific challenges and benefits linked telecommunications system developed 30 some years. cles information on the interaction between of the Eisenhower-era race into space after the by JPL tracked Explorer 1 and received its sci­ "The discovery of the Van Allen Radiation Europa and Jupiter's magnetic and electric field Soviet Union stunned the world with the launch entific data as it circled the Earth. Amateur radio Belts was the first significant scientific discov­ environment. of Sputnik in 1957. JPL's current director, Dr. operators around the world were invited to listen ery of the Space Age, and it really opened the A flight path maneuver is planned for Edward Stone, will follow with a presentation in on Explorer l's radio communications, field of magnetospheric physics and space plas­ Thursday evening, Jan. 22, to prepare for on all the exciting space discoveries made since including one key amateur radio shack operated ma physics," Stone said. "It really demonstrated Galileo's upcoming Europa encounter on Feb. then, and offer his vision for future explo­ largely by JPL ham radio operators at the Los that space was a new frontier of exploration. 10. Special precautions have been taken in the rations. Angeles County Sheriff's substation in Temple The first time out, we fo und something unex­ design of this maneuver to minimize its vulner­ JPL was still operated as a research labora­ City. A cosmic ray experiment onboard was pected, so by implication we knew there was a ability to any gyro problems. Because of its tory for the U.S. Army when it was selected in developed by Dr. James Van Allen of the whole lot to be discovered in space. proximity to solar conjunction, when the Sun the autumn of 1957 to develop the first U.S . University of Iowa, and returned data that "I was a graduate student at the University of will be between Galileo and Earth, no data col­ satellite, science package, communications sys­ brought the discovery of the Van Allen Chicago when Explorer 1 launched and opened lection is planned except for radio science infor­ tem and the high-speed upper stages for the Radiation Belts that circle the Earth. the Space Age," he added. "I wasn't committed mation. Army's Redstone rocket that would launch the JPL's work in accomplishing the successful to a thesis area at the time, but by 1961 I pro­ The spacecraft recently began a two-year tiny, 9-kilogram (20-pound) Explorer 1. JPL development of Explorer 1 cemented the Lab's posed to fly an instrument in space." extended mission, known as the Galileo Europa and the Army completed the assignment and future as a hub for space science and engineer­ Stone recalled meeting Van Allen in the mid­ Mission, which will include a total of eight successfully launched the satellite in less than ing. , 50s when van Allen gave a lecture at the Europa flybys, four of Callisto, and one or two three months. "By June of 1958, Congress passed legisla- See Explorer, page 2 of Io, depending on spacecraft health. D

Massey named Voyager manager Former JPLer Thomas on way to Mir Ed Massey has been named pro­ ject manager of JPL's Voyager Interstellar Mission. He replaces George Textor, who retired Dec. 31. Massey is also project manager of the Ulysses mission to the sun. The Ulysses and Voyager missions will be managed under the same office. A JPL employee since 1987, Massey has managed Ulysses since 1996. Prior to his JPL career, he held a number of increasingly responsible positions within the U.S. Air Force, the last of which was director of space test operations for the Air Force's Operational Test and Evaluation Center. Ed Massey An Alabama native, Massey Former JPL researcher Dr. Andrew Thomas, right, poses with STS-89 mission specialist Salizhan Sharipov earned a bachelor's degree in electri­ For his work on project control of the Russian Space Agency and his wife, Nadezhda Sharipova, shortly after arrival at the Kennedy Space cal engineering from Tuskegee and administration for Ulysses, Center shuttle landing facility. Endeavour was scheduled for a Jan. 22 liftoff on the eighth mission to dock with the Russian Space Station Mir. After docking, Thomas will transfer to the space station, succeeding University in 1966, followed by a Massey received NASA's Dr. David Wolf, who will return to Earth aboard Endeavour. Thomas will live and work on Mir until June. master's degree in systems manage­ Exceptional Service Award in ment from USC. 1991. D 2 Explorer Holiday greetings Continued from page 1 Burlington, Iowa college where Stone was an undergraduate. "He gave a lecture on 'rockoons,' which were balloons that lifted rockets and instruments up to an altitude where they could be fired to reach higher altitudes. Van Allen had systemati­ cally been trying to get hi s instru­ mentation higher and higher up, so by the time the Space Age sta1ted, he was ready to take advantage of it." The Mai·iner 2 mission to Venus­ the world's first flyby of another plan­ et--occurred just four years after the Space Age started in the U.S., Stone said. "It's incredible how quickly the technology was developed from Explorer 1, which was really very simple, to the complex planetary spacecraft that Mariner 2 represented. Things happened very quickly once

ERG PHOTOS they got started." For more information about the A young visitor to last month's ERC holiday party at La Canada High School meets with Minnie and Mickey in left photo; at right, carolers treat the crowd Jan. 31 event at Caltech, contact to holiday music prior to Jim Gamble's puppet show. From left are bass Kevin Flynn, soprano Carol DiNoHo, alto Karen Mclaughlin and bass Joon Park. JPL's Public Services Office at ext. 4- 0112. 0

winner will be announced on Feb. 6. Designs sought for Mars '98 logo "The contest winner will have the Science Bowl coming up prestige of seeing his or her creation (Pasadena), Norwalk, Palos Verdes Budding artists and those with a final format," Davis said. Designs can on the Mars Surveyor '98 spacecraft, JPL personnel are invited to view flair for computer graphics have an include images of the orbiter and lan­ the 6th annual Science Bowl regional Peninsula (Rolling Hills Estates), as well as on memorabilia, T-shirts, opportunity to support NASA's next der spacecraft, the planet Mars, the coffee mugs, posters, CD-ROMs and competition at JPL, to be held Redondo Union (Redondo Beach), Saturday, Feb. 8. Riverside Poly (Riverside), San Dimas, mission to Mars by designing a logo southern polar cap region in which other merchandise," Davis added. for the Mars Surveyor '98 orbiter and the Mars Surveyor '98 lander will "These products will be developed The quiz-show-like tournament of South El Monte, South (Torrance), South lander mission. land, or the spacecraft's trajectory for educational and public outreach scientific knowledge will include 24 Hills (West Covina), University (Irvine), Anyone may enter the contest, said from Eaith to Mars. Designs may also teams representing local high schools. Warren (Downey), West Torrance purposes." carry the institutional logos of JPL, (Torrance) and Woodbridge (Irvine). logo contest coordinator Cathy Davis The Mars Surveyor home page is The double-elimination round of the Mars Exploration Directorate's the NASA "meatball" and Lockheed begins at 12:30 p.m., with the finals located at http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/ JPL's competition represents one Education and Public Outreach Office Martin Astronautics, Denver. taking place at approximately 3:15. of five regions in California and one msp98/index.htm1 . 0 "We're interested in flashy, eye-catch­ Designs will be judged on style Those in attendance must check in of about 50 nationwide. The winning ing designs that convey the excitement and content, and the winning entry at von Karman Auditorium, where the team will go on to national competi­ of this mission to Mars," she said. will become the property of JPL for finals will also be held. Double-elim­ tion in May at Chevy Chase, Md. Logos, which are multi-colored use as the Laboratory sees fit, Davis New hours for ination competition will be held in JPL's hosting of the event is over­ and typically about the size of a per­ said. The Laboratory also reserves the four JPL conference rooms. seen by the Laboratory's Public son's palm, can be any shape, such as right to modify the winning design health office Participating high schools are Se1vices Office and is staffed complete­ square, oval or rectangular, and depict for accuracy and compliance with The new hours of operation for the Arcadia, Beverly Hills, Diamond Bar, ly by JPL volunteers, who serve as time­ a variety of scenes relevant to the JPL graphics standards. Occupational Health Services Office Downey, Hoover (Glendale), David keepers, scorekeepers and moderators. Mars Surveyor '98 mission. Entries are due no later than Feb. (previously known as Medical Starr Jordan (Long Beach), Mark "Without the vo lunteers' help, "Artists should avoid adding a lot 4, and should be mailed to Davis at Services) and its Employee Assistance Keppel (Alhambra), La Canada, there would be no Science Bowl of small detail to their designs mail stop T-1129. For further informa­ Program, Building 263, are 7:30 a.m. Lakewood, Marshall Fundamental here," noted Public Services Office because the detail will be lost in the tion, contact her at ext. 4-6111. The to 4: 15 p.m. 0 (Pasadena), Monrovia, John Muir Manager Kim Lievense. 0 ·'

a free concert titled "A Little Bit of Gershwin JPL Golf Club-Meeting at noon in Building Ongoing and A Whole Lot of Swing" at 8 p.m. in 306-302. Sunday, February 1 Caltech's Beckman Auditorium. For informa­ JPL Drama Club-Meeting at noon in Alcoholics Anonymous---Meeting at 11:30 a.m. tion, call (626) 395-4652. Chamber Music-Darryl Denning on guitar, Building 301-127. Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays (women only) and joined by Cuarteto Ysaye de Los Angeles, will per­ Fridays. For more information, call Occupational Monday, January 26 JPL Toastmasters Club-Meeting at 5:30 p.m. form a free concert at 3:30 p.m. in Caltech's Dabney Health Services at ext. 4-3319. in the Building 167 conference room. Lounge. For information, call (626) 395-4652. Codependents Anonymous---Meeting at noon ACW Noontime Seminar Series-Alison every Wednesday. For more information, call Winter, president and CEO of Northern Trust Thursday, January 29 I Occupational Health Services at ext. 4-3319. Bank of California, will present a talk titled Tuesday, February 3 "Playing and Winning the Game." She will dis­ JPL Dance Club-Clogging class will be held Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Support Group­ cuss her set of "rules," which have helped suc­ JPL Gamers Club-Meeting at noon in at noon in Building 300-217. Meets the first and third Fridays of the month at cessfully guide her career and relationships. At Building 301-227. noon in Building 111-117. For more informa­ noon in the Building 167 conference room. OEMA Technical Briefing-"New Radiation tion, call employee assistance counselor Cynthia JPL Genealogy Club-Meeting at noon in Effects Issues for Spacecraft Microelectronics Cooper at ext. 4-3680 or Randy Herrera at ext. Building 301-169. and Photonics" will be presented by Dr. Charles 3-0664. Tuesday, January 27 Barnes, group supervisor of the Radiation HIV Support Group-Meets quarterly. Call Testing and Failure Analysis Group in the Wednesday, February 4 employee assistance counselor Cynthia Cooper Computer Education and Training-This Electronic Parts Engineering Office (507). at ext. 4-3680 for more information. presentation wili cover the migration plan, now Barnes will discuss advances in electronics to underway, to move cc:Mail users to Eudora achieve high performance that have resulted in Associated Retirees of JPL/Caltech-Meeting Overeaters Anonymous-Meets Tuesdays at Pro. It will address starting the process, who scaling (miniaturization) of devices, which, in at 10 a.m. at the Caltech Credit Union, 528 noon. For more information, call Occupational will contact you and when, installing Eudora turn, has led to increased radiation vulnerability. Foothill Blvd., La Canada. Health Services at ext. 4-3319. on your workstation, converting cc:Mail mes­ At noon in von Karman Auditorium. sages, and training and assistance available to JPL Drama Club-Meeting at noon m Parent Support Group-Meets the fourth help you start using Eudora. At noon in von Building 301 -1 27. Tuesday of the month at noon. For location, call Karman Auditorium. Information from this Friday, January 30 Jayne Dutra at ext. 4-6400. talk will be available on the Web in the "Introductory Talks" section under "Computer Senior Caregivers Support Group-Meets the JPL Dance Club-Meeting at noon in Building Thursday, February 5 Education & Training" on the ICIS home page 300-217. second and fourth Wednesdays of the month at at http://icis. 6:30 p.m. at the Senior Care Network, 837 S. JPL Dance Club- Clogging class will be held JPL French Club-The cultural and sculptural at noon in Building 300-217. Fair Oaks Ave., Pasadena, conference room #1. significance of France's La Cathedrale de For more information, call (626) 397-3110. Wednesday, January 28 Chaites will be discussed during the club's noon JPL Gun Club-Meeting at noon in Building meeting in the Building 167 conference room. 183-328. Computer Education and Training-This Friday, January 23 quick-start session for PC users will feature a representative from the Enterprise Information Saturday, January 31 Friday, January 6 JPL Dance Club-Meeting at noon in Building System Messaging Service, who will demon­ 300-217. strate how easy it is to start using Eudora Pro. Explorer 1: 40 Years After, A Look Back And JPL Dance Club- Meeting at noon in Building Topics covered will include how to send, A Look Ahead-Fonner JPL Director Dr. 300-217. Travel Film-Lecturer Bob Willis will present retrieve and address messages; creating distrib­ William Pickering will describe the events sur­ his film Ukraine at 8 p.m. in Caltech's Beckman ution groups; sending attachments; saving drafts rounding the successful launch of Explorer 1, Auditorium. Tickets are $9 and $7. For informa­ of messages; accessing bulletin boards and the first American Earth-orbiting satellite, on tion, call (626) 395-4652. newsgroups; and additional training. At noon in Jan. 31 , 1958. CmTent JPL Director Dr. Edward Sunday, February 8 the Building 167 conference room. Information Stone will follow with a presentation about all from this talk will be available on the Web in the the exciting space discoveries that have been At The Piano-Caltech pianist-in-residence Saturday, January 24 "Tips 'N Techniques" section under "Computer made in the intervening 40 years-and what lies James Boyk will give a free concert at 2:30 p.m. Education & Training" on the ICIS home page ahead. At Caltech's Beckman Auditorium at 8 in Dabney Lounge.For information, call (626) Caltech Jazz Bands-The groups will perform at http://icis. p.m. Admission is free. 395-4652. January 23, 1998 3

chairman of JPL's Lessons Learned Committee, which addresses issues in interplanetary space exploration. Clawson joined JPL in 1985, after spending 18 years at the Johnson assure the success of the nation's first Space Center, Houston, as a thermal Clawson receives landing on Mars in more than 20 years. control team leader for the space shut­ "Jim personally Jed the project effort tle orbiter program and working on quality assurance to establish a low-cost, rapid develop­ thermal analysis of the Apollo lunar ment concept for Mars Pathfinder and program. He supported the Apollo 11 award for work left a faster, better, cheaper legacy for mission, watching actual data from future projects," said JPL Director Dr. the frrst piloted lunar landing. Prior to on Pathfmder Edward Stone. 'The Pathfinder mission his position as Mars Pathfinder mis­ assurance innovations saved the project sion assurance manager, Clawson was James Clawson, manager of JPL's approximately $8 million compared to the technical group supervisor of the Reliability Engineering Office, has the cost of using more conventional Thermal Environments Group at JPL, received NASA's 1997 "Best of the approaches. This savings allowed the NASA PHOTO which defined environmental and test Best" Quality Assurance Special project to achieve its challenging mis­ James Clawson, second from left, receives NASA's Quality Assurance levels for interplanetary missions. Achievement Recognition (QASAR) sion objective within a very constrain­ Special Achievement Recognition award from Frederick Gregory, NASA During his early career, from award for his leadership in the imple­ ing cost cap." associate administrator for safety and mission assurance. Next to Clawson 1958 to 1967, Clawson was with the mentation of innovative, low-cost The QASAR award recognizes is his wife, Mary; at right is Al Brejcha, acting manager of JPL's Office of Boeing Company, Seattle, working engineering approaches for the Mars individuals within NASA or other Engineering and Mission Assurance. on such projects as the X-20 "Dyna­ Pathfinder mission. government agencies, prime contrac­ Soar" spacecraft, a predecessor of Clawson, who led the project effort tors and subcontractors for signifi­ each award category is chosen for reliability engineering, environmental the space shuttle; the Short Range to structure and implement the Mars cant quality improvements to prod­ agencywide recognition. requirements, hardware and software Attack Missile project; and the Pathfinder Mission Assurance ucts or services for NASA. NASA During spacecraft development, quality assurance and system safety. Minuteman intercontinental ballistic Program, was responsible for risk Headquarters and all NASA centers Clawson was the mission assurance His major challenge was to develop a missile program. He also worked management and streamlined engi­ have local QASAR award programs. manager, overseeing key elements low-cost mission assurance approach extensively in thermal and structural neering procedures and teaming to Annually the "Best of the Best" in such as electronic parts engineering, with acceptable risks. Clawson is also laboratory testing. D

placed stringent constraints on the al years includes a new application of internal structure of the moon. He is polarimetric radiometers for the mea­ the recipient of two NASA Scientific surement of ocean wind speed and Achievement Awards and has pub­ direction, including development of lished more than 130 scientific arti­ the first ground-based polarimetric cles. He is presently estimating the radiometers, followed by airborne gravity fields of the four Galilean polarimetric radiometers at 19 and 37 satellites of Jupiter. GHz. Results of the research have Wilson is supervisor of the shown a measurable signal due to the Microwave Advanced Systems Group wind on the ocean surface, which can in the Microwave, Lidar and be measured over a wide range of Interferometry Technology Section 386. wind speeds and in a variety of The group has been working on low­ weather conditions. noise microwave and millimeter-wave This work has resulted in two radiometers and systems for a number IEEE technical papers, and in 1995 of aircraft and spacecraft instruments for Wilson's group received the IEEE remote sensing applications. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Dr. David Halpern William Sjogren Dr. William Wilson Wilson's work over the last sever- Transactions paper prize award. D AGU, IEEE bestow Fellowships to IPL scientists 3 win award for parallel-computing paper JPL scientists Dr. David Halpern Halpern, who joined JPL in 1986, from the National Oceanic and Three JPL scientists are the recip­ Computing Machinery. and William Sjogren have been elect­ is a senior research scientist and ll)an­ . Atmospheric Administration. ients of a prestigious award for a key The trio's paper, Optimization of a ed Fellows to the Ameri.can ager of JPL's Climate Variability Sjogren was honored by the AGU paper detailing their new code Parallel Ocean General Circulation Geophysical Union (AGU), an inter­ Program. He has also managed the for his pioneering work studying enabling faster, more efficient paral­ Model, discusses their successful national scientific society dedicatea NASA Ocean Data System based at planetary gravity fields using radio lel computing. Ping Wang, Daniel efforts to design and implement a to advancing the understanding of JPL and has published more than 275 data from orbiting spacecraft. Katz and Yi Chao were awarded the well-optimized code to significantly Earth and the solar system. The AGU scientific articles. He is now using Sjogrea joined JPL in 1962 and is $1,000 Best Paper prize from a field improve computational performance has a membership of approximately data from JPL instruments to study a senior research scientist in the of 384 entries at SC '97: High and reduce the total research time to 36,000 scientists in 130 countries. monsoons and middle-latitude influ­ Navigation and Flight Mechanics Performance Networking and complete complex studies. In addition, Dr. William Wilson ences of El Nino, including the Section 312. He has worked on the Computing, a supercomputing con­ The tean1 applied this code to a 3-D has been elected a Fellow of the strange occurrence of three El Nino Ranger, Surveyor, Lunar Orbiter and ference held last November. The simulation, known as an ocean general Institute of Electrical and Electronics episodes from 1991 to 1995. Mariner planetary missions. He was everit was co-sponsored by the circulation model of the entire Atlantic Engineers ~IEEE) , an honor given Halpern is also a Fellow of the principal investigator for gravity Institute of Electrical and Electronics Ocean, a task requiring a large amount annually to less than one-tenth of 1 American Meteorological Society field determination on the Apollo 12, Engineers and the Association for of memory and processing time. D percent of its membership. and of the California Academy of 14, 15, 16, 17 missions; Viking I and Halpern was recognized for his Sciences, and a recipient of the U.S. II; the Pioneer Venus Orbiter; pioneering work on EI Nino; research Department of Commerce Silver Magellan and Mars Global Surveyor. December NOVA winners named of equatorial and coastal currents; and Medal in 1981 for technological He was a co-discoverer of the The winners of JPL's Notable Rooney. scientific and organizational leader­ developments that created the pre­ Lunar Mascons, the very large unex­ Organizational Value-Added (NOVA) Section 388: Kris Capraro, ship in programs to study interactions sent-day El Nifio Buoy Watch. He has pected gravity highs located in the awards for December have been Lawrence Goforth, Damon Knight, between the ocean and atmosphere. eight Scientific Achievement Awards circular maria basins. The discovery announced: Sam Le, Jean Lorre, Michael Section 194: Ann Crossland, Mueller, Steven Pohorsky, Victor Ivette Nicholls, Ana Schofield-Osaki, Tuk, Gary Yagi, Payam Zamani. Seven JPL teams honored for process improvements Melinda Stell, Bernardino Suva. Section 391: Christian Hidalgo, In December and January, JPL (507), Gary Swift (507), Michael Proposal Process Team: For Section 195: Kathryn Harris. Rommel Mojica. Director Dr. Edward Stone and Deputy Wiedeman (507). developing a process that simplifies Section 197: Nancy Aguilera, Section 393: Eva Bokor, Lonnly Director Lan-y Dumas presented seven Electronic Parts Acquisition and speeds up the efforts of JPL pro­ Glenn Turpin. Ching, Shirley Ann Cizmar, Kent teams with the Laborat01-y's Process Team: For improving the electronic posal teams, enabling both more and Section 311: William Blume, Fry, Linh Hua, Joseph Hutcherson, Improvement Award. The award rec­ parts acquisition process from "fJarts better proposals to be prepared: Cheryl Robert Glass, Barnwell Legge, Kevin Thomas McVittie, Sofia Merida, Ines ognizes teams that have made exem­ need identification" to delivery of the Baker (311), Frank Barath (700), Mary Roust, David Seal, Jeffrey Smith. Mikulski, Calvin Miyazono, Tu-Anh plary improvements to JPL processes. parts: Stephen James (507), Bothwell (380), Jerry Brown (311), Section 312: Peter Antreasian, Julia Phan, Felicia Sanders, John Stagner. Chosen by a peer committee with Rigoberto Medina (621), Michael Calvin Chambers (213), Thomas Bell, Paul Burkhart, Dennis Byrnes, Section 395: Amir Fijany. concurrence from Stone and Dumas, Parks (507), Patricia Parrett (621), Fraschetti (380), Michael Jones (311 ), Laureano Cangalmala, Alan Section 450: David Spencer. D the tean1s were selected based on David Peters (507), Edgar Svendsen Sanford Jones (503), Charles Leising Chamberlin, Louis D' Amario, Robert process improvements that are (507), Donna Turnbow (507). (310), Helmut Partma (800), Stephen Davis, Theodore Drain, Gregory demonstrated though metrics, initia­ JETAIR Team of Financial Proia (230), Ronald Salazar (311 ), Garner, Eric Graat, Charles Halsell, TAP Honor Awards tive, return on investment and align­ Controls: For automating and Troy Schmidt (311), Jay Schmuecker Robert Haw, Clifford Helfrich, Claude ment with JPL strategies. improving the process of generating, (300), Edward Schneider, (700), Hildebrand Jr., Jennie Johannesen, JPL's Technology and Applica­ For more information on this or approving and processing journal Nicholas Thomas (702), Gregg Vane Pieter Kallemeyn Jr., William Kirhofer, tions Programs (TAP) Directorate held other JPL awards, visit the Reward & requests to transfer charges between (712), Susan Volk (702), Rebecca George Lewis, Robe1t Mase, James its annual Honor Awards ceremony Recognition Home Page at http://eis/ project account numbers: Florencio Wheeler (311), Alfred Zieger (730). Miller, Neil Mottinger, William Owen last month. sec614/reward/rr.htm . Cunanan (222), Thu Dao (212), Cassini Mission Sequence System Jr., Joan Pojman, Christopher Potts, Exceptional Achievement Awards This year's Process Improvement Agnes Kwong (212), Greg Matz Team: For improving the quality and Joseph Riedel, Carl Sauer Jr., E.M. were presented to Brian Abbe, Amir Award recipients are: (212), Linda Yang (212). reducing the cost of generation of Standish Jr., Stephen Synnott, Robin Fijany, Robert Glass, Kenneth Hicks, Radiation Testing and Effects Flight Hardware Logistics sequence test data, the processing of Vaughan, Tseng-Chan Wang, Bobby Barnwell Legge, Thomas McVittie Team: For providing IPL and NASA Program Team: For developing inno­ sequence test data, and the analysis of Williams, Michael Wilson, Sun Wong, and Stephen Smith. with vastly improved mission assur­ vative ways to allow the use of long the results through Mission Sequence Donald Yeomans, Tung-Han You. Exceptional Service Awards were ance services with respect to the lead-time material on short-cycle-time System sojtv.1are: Eugean Hacopians Section 320: Stephen Gillam, won by Jason Hyon, Paul Maker and effects of the space radiation environ­ projects and to reduce material cost to (393), William Krueger (314). Deronda Mayes. Steven Walter. ment on electronic and photonic parts the projects: A. Earl Chemiack (510), Procurement Requisition Direct Section 323: Steven Smith. Group Achievement Awards went and subsystems: Charles Barnes Jay Dettinger (353), Robert Gregg Entry Team: For designing and Section 331: Brian Abbe. to the following teams: Command and (Section 507), James Coss (507), (211), Sturut Imai (621), Sanford Jones implementing a streamlined procure­ Section 333: Michael Britcliffe, Control Support Agency Project, Larry Edmonds (507), Hossein (503), R.L. Keith (344), Charles ment requisition process that allows Richru·d Cirillo Jr. , Mark Fiore, Mark Microrobotics, Robot Assisted Micro­ Farmanesh (507), Allan Johnston Kyriacou (336), Jerry Langmaier end users to directly enter purchase Gatti, Paula Lee, Harry Reilly Jr., surgery, Traffic Surveillance and (507), Choon Lee (507), Tetsuo (340), Edward McNevin Jr. (507), requisitions on-line while validating David Rochblatt, Benjamin Saldua, Detection Technology Project, Miyahira (507), Due Nguyen (507), Philip Moynihan (387), David Norris the financial data, and having each Philip Stanton, Henry Valtier. Tunneling Accelerometer Experiment, Donald Nichols (507), Michael (387), Lawrence Palkovic (644), requisition automatically routed to the Section 344: Kenneth Hicks. Ultraviolet Emission Processes, and O'Connor (507), Bernard Rax (507), David Porter (311), Randall Taylor appropriate buyer: Francine Fisher Section 354: Robert Bamford. Variable Dynamic Testbed Vehicle Harvey Schwartz (341), Luis Selva (620), Larry Wright (504). (623), Virginia Kemp (623). D Section 357: Bevan Cutler, David Project. D January 23, 1998 4

since 1967 . He is survived by his sis­ Hospital in Burbank Services were held at Forest Lawn He js urvived by h.is wife, Passings ter, Amy Wi lliam and brother McNevin had worked at the in the Hollywood Hills. □ Sandra and fivechildr en. George Caldwell. Laboratory since 1967. He is sur­ Andrew Amour, 32, an industrial Services were held at Mountain Thomas Risa, 54, a staff engineer Services were private. □ vived by his wife, Ruth; sons Edward hygienist in Section 60 1, died of nat­ View Cemetery in Altadena. in Section 313, died Oct . 31 at McNevin m (Skip) and Christopher; ural causes Jan. 2 in Newhall. A memori al fund in Haskins' Arcadia Methodist hospital following Edward McNevin Jr.. 59 a parts and granddaughter Alex.is. Amour had worked at JPL since name has been established at the a long banle with multiple sclerosis i.nterface engineer in Section 507 A memorial service was held Dec. December 1997. He is survived by Caltech Credit Union. □ Risa had been a JPL employee died of cancer Dec. 8 at St. Joseph's 12 at Caltech's Athenaeum. A memo­ his wife, Jean. rial fund in McNevin's name ha Memorial ervices were held Jan. been established at the JPUCaltech 12. □ Child Educational Center in La Retirees Canada. □ Dona]d Nichols, 62 a staff engi­ The foUowing JPL employees i neer in Section 507, died of cancer retred in January: Focus oh safety� Wi1bur Burrus, 79, a retired Jan. 6 at his home in Long Beach. Leonard Jaffe, 43 years, Section From:JPL's· SdfetyOp erazwns Secrion heavy equipment operator in Section Nichols had worked at the 313; Robert Petrie, 40 years, 643, died of Alzheimer's di sease Laboratory since 1979. He is sur­ Section 940· Vincent Wirth Jr., 36 This is time to repeat the • Don't jaywalk. Remember that Dec. 17. vived by his ,cousin, Sue Adams. year , Section 313; Richmond need to be careful during rainy ears are barder to see, and their Burrus worked at JPL from Services were private. □ Bento·n, 35 years, Section 644; weather. stopping distances wiJI be tonger: 1952-8 3. He is survived by his wife, Nicholas Medic.i, 33 years, Section Some simple, common sense • Notify F!)Cilities at Mt. 4-4933 Sylvia, on Max and Leon, and Robert Haskins, 46, a re earcb 313; George Textor, 31 years, m.les to (ol1o11f during rainy peri­ i:fanarea appears 'to need a mat. daughter Leuann. sc ientist in JPL's We ather and Section 990· Robert Campbell, 29 ods: In addition, it is important to Services were held near his home Cl imate Group, Earth and Planetary years, Section 344; Barbara Brown, . Atmosphere Re earch Element • Walle more slowly than usual remeinber that areas with paint on in Blackfoot, ldaho □ 26 years, Section 750; John Wilson, 3233, died of heartfailur e Jan. 3. 24 years, Section 507· Herman and check the area for puddles as the iloor such as lines, handicapped SarkieTa tian 66, a retired mem­ Haskins who served as deputy Herrera, 21 years Section 644; you go. spaces, etc., become more slippery ber of the technical staff in Section team leader for the Atmospheric Jerry Battoe, 19 years, Section 389; . • Wear flat 'bec-sol�drub shoes. ·in .rainy weattier:Try to avoid theire 348. died of cancer Dec. 20 at his Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Project and Shirley Peak, 14 years, Section 34 1; out umbrellas oµtside ru;eas; -if it j5 absolutely. unavoiq­ • Sn� home in Glendale. co-investigator on the Pres ure Modu­ Anna Cote, 13 years, Section 644 · .rather than indoors. able, walk wiili extreme cautio n. □ Tatianjoined theLaboratory in J 983 lated Infrared Radiometer (PMIRR) Peggy O'Dell, 13 years, Section 392; : • Make sure puddles in build­ and retired in 1993. He is survived by experiment on the Mars '98 mission. Barbara Weymann, 11 years, ings arewiped up. -Alison Wei sbin ms wife. Rosemary, and son David. had worked at JPL ince l 986. Section 388. □

pack, Gerry, exc. cond .• $25. 355-9733, atter 6 p.m. SUB WOOFER, brand new (2 mos. old), energy ages, open plan: everyTuesday night from 8-10 al almond trees, hundred shade trees, more: LETTERS or leave msg. amplified. w/1,,;o CAX6 Boston speakers, $490. Eagle Rock High School: S4/night. 956-1744, $189,750. 626/797-8776. BABY ITEMS: strollet (Aprica), nigh cnalr, 2 car 832-5556. Barbara. LAKE CO., N. Calif., 2 1/2 acre lot, in beautiful We woold; like lo convey ou, deepest app,eciation to seats, crib mattress: all in exc. cond.; will sell sepa­ SWEATER, Coogi, fromAustra lia, new. sz.sm.lmed .• Kelseyville near Clear lake, perlectsite for perma­ the wonderfulpe ople al JPL who extended1heir con· rately or together. 310/546-5016, Diane. S 100; sells in Nordstromtor $325. 790-3899. nent or relirement home. 30 walnut trees1 paved dolences and support following !lie loss of Edward BED, qn. size, llrm. platform,pur chased 4/97, $150. TEACUPS, Franciscanware Desert Rose pattern, FREE road, electricity, $36,000. 626/337·7522. "Ted' McNevin Jr; in December. We would alsol ike to 845-8449. S7Jea. 626/398-4960. DOG, 2-yr.-old retriever/Lab mix, all shots, MAMMOTH LAKESHORE CABIN, next to Twin thank everyone for lhe1r generous contributionsto , the BED, qn. Somma flotation system, vg cond., $1 2.5. TENT, 10 x 16, never used, 3-rm. cabin dome by "eute,ed, veryhealthy. 909/ 624·4450. lakes Falls: cross-country ski in winter. lish, hike, lhe Cttild Educational Center and American Cancer 626/447-6423. Bryce Canyon w/bonus 5' x 7' pup tent, beau. gray HOME. 3 bd., nr. Caltech, March 2-26: In exchange bike in summer, sleeps 4-6. 1 ba.. $65,000. 952- Sociely in Ted/s name. Addnionally, we would like to BICYCLES. his and hers Huffy 12 spd., 27" and and burgundy, will let go at Y. price of St 00. lor pet sitting. 626/449-8035. 2091. personally !hank Mark Whalen, JPl Universe edijor, 26", $100/obo lor both. 909/393-9586. 310/674-5338. LIGHT FIXTURES,tluor escent, with bulbs, 4' and 8' MONTROSE, 5 yr. old, 2-story,4 bd., 2 1/2ba ,, bit· for Including information about Ted's service in availab1e. (81 8) 243--8255. o BIKE, folding, by Dahon, 3 spd. internal hub, TICKET {opera), single, lor Feb. 13, LA. Opera. ins. centralair and heat. attached garage, llp. raun• Universe on very shn notice.Ted deeplyloved JPL w/le nders and rear rack, 2Q, in. wheels, fold to com• Magic Flule, Balcony A. seat B-1, $48/obo. 790· TELEVISIONS, MontgomeryWard 19" color, not dry rm., circular driveway. flat lol: lease option: and lhe oounlless people who touched his life pact size. S130. 626/445-4310. 6,122. ,e moteable; Sears 12' b/w, not remoleable; $310,000. 248-61 73. throughout his 30•year career at the Lab. Ted 's dedl• BIKE, men's 27" Nishi�i. $25. 831-3998, Scott, TIFFANY'$ CREDIT: use at any Trff any's iocalion or LIGHT and heater for bathroom,Nut one, no vent PASADENA, charming home 12 min. from JPL, 3 calion, as well as his diverseand lasting contributions CARP ET, wool, tight slate i>lue, 12' x 13', exc. t>y mail order,great for wedding g11ts,etc., $330trans· mode: SCOPES, Tektronix AD514 (preplug-ins), bd., 1 112 ba., fireplace, hardwood floors lhrough­ be lo JPL's missions and culture, will an eve�asting cond., pd, 5750 IO yrs. ago, sell $3SO/obo. lerab!ecredit, sell fo, $300. 35S·i3S3, Anne/Oavld. w/ manual; EICO model 460; HEATERS (2), out, French doors, ceramic til e In kitch./ba., 2-car sourceof great pridelor !lie entire McNevin family. 626/357-8210. TIRE CHAINS. two sels, si�es: 6.00·12,155A· Sears baseboard, I 500 W. 6' long: FAN. 12• gar., cent. air, lg, yd., lovely neighborhood: sale by Rllth S .. Skip and Chris McNevin COMFOF\TER/BEDSPREAD, new, Steven,;. r,ed 13,135A-14; or CF170-1 3, P185/70A-13, 17SR-t3, duet: LIGHT, pull-down. 768-3465, Harold or owner, $265,000. 626/398-7712, Kathleen. □□□ roses on white background, $25. 628/398-4960. P1'95/60R-1 4, 175ll0 A•14. 185/65R-15: 515 each. Torrie. PASADENA condo, 2 bd., 2 ba., sec. bldg., 2nd I wish to thank all those at JPL who were so kind to COMPUTER CD software for Macintosh, call for 790-5643. level, spacious, forced air heat & cooling, Sierra me alterthe death of my mother. Your good will list, all $25 and under. 790-3899. TRICYCLE, adu�, 2-seater, side by side tandem. 3 FOR RENT Madre Blvd.: rent to own, first 6 mos. rent can be meant a great deal to me at this time, COMPUTER GAMES for IBM: Comtx Zone, Fade to spd .• w/lrauer, 4' x 8' collapsible: both like new.; both used as purchase down payment: $895/mo. 584- At Ison Welsbin Black, Under a Killing Moon, BloodOmen Legacy of lor $495 total. 805/251 -7616 Ben, ALTADENA, partially !um. room in 3-bd. house, 3 6526. □□□ Kain. The Beast Within and Chronicles or tile VACATION/CRUISE pkg. for 2 persons, 8 daysfl mi.lJPL, share !kitchen, laundry, fireplace, hdwd, PASADENA,2 bd.• 1 ba.• recentlyremod eled: new We , would like to express our family's deepest grat­ Sword; $10 to $25 ea. or trade for comparable nights in Freepoll, Bahamas, Ft Lauderdale and lloors, quiel neighborhood, $380 + 1/3 utils. roof, fenced yd., landscape, garage, lndry. rm.:15 �ude lor your concern and support alter our home games. 626/447-6423. Orlando, Fla.: Incl. rental car. retail $3,200, sell fo r 626/798-4492. minJJPL: Lake/Orange Gr. Area: $145,000, was destroyed by fire on Dec. 13. We have shared COMPUTER, 386/33 MHz, 8 MB RAM. 125 MB $2,700: must sell, going back 10 school. ALTAOENA, charming 2 bd., 1 ba. house. near 213/258·4464, Iv. msg. moments of warmth with many of you at our home HD. color monitor. great for beginners/kids, 626/359.3781 . attere p.m., Erlk. Christmas Tree Lane; hdwd. floors, 1/p, refrigerator, SUNLAND townhouse, Alpine Meadows complex, and at lhe Lab: we know therewill be others. On the stove, washer/dryer, fenced bkyd., fruit trees; $1 25/obo. 831 ·3998, Scott WEiEDWACKE :R, gas. •Eager Beaver" brand, S:JO. 2 i>d., 1.5 ba., 2 story, 2•cargarage, pool, spa, ten­ days atterthe lire, so many JPL friends stopped by COMPUTER, Motorola BitSURFR Pro ISDN 352·2036. fndude. water. gardener, trash: $1,250 negoliable. nis ct., rec. rm., well-maintained, $1 10,000. 248· the office,. called.sympath ized, offered support.col• modem lo, Macintostt, external, unopened; see 626'794•9579, 0178. l ected clothes. brought food, donated money, ht1p://www.kijhrup.com/- bsp; $140. 626/449-6358, ALTAOENA, unfum. 3 bd., 1 ba. house with garage TEHACHAPI area, new custom home, 2,200 sq. fl., hugged and otherwise cared. Even in the face of Brian or [email protected]. AUTOS apl.; close lo JPL & Cattech; $1 ,450 (garage apt. 3 bd., 2 ba.; panoramic views frcm all wind0ws; 2· our disaster this was one of tile's touching COMPUTER, Power Computing's PowerTower Pro '89 ALFA ROMEO Spider Graduate 2.0l, 5 spd., 4 renled last for $400). 625n98·8632. car garage, 2,800 sq. ft, new Dutch bam, 2 Y.acres: moments. Al the timewe were most vulnerable. you 250 (MH�). 64 MB RAM, 1 MB L2 cache, two 2GB cyl., 2 dr. convertible,. red, tan interiQI, valve job EAGLE ROCK, furn, room in single family hse .. $185,000(OWC) . 626/446-0078. were lhereto help. Many of us recognize that irs the h.ird drives, Zip dMve, t 6� CD·AOM drive, 33.6 8/97, runs strong, $6, 100/obo. 626/256-1154 or nioo area, 1 O min./JPL, share entrance, ba., people that give us ihegrea1est pleasures working data/fax modem, keyboard, mouse and software Victoria, white, police pack­ MONTROSE studio, unlurn., many trees, 5 stay 3 nights and 4th night is free, through 1/31/98. $200/obo. 213/663-21!95. age, $6,950. 626/395-6379, Rich. min.lJPL.,for single person, no pets. 2332 Montrose 248·8853, EXERCISE EQUIPMENT, Nordic Track Skier Pro "89 FORD Escort GT 1,9L EFI, 5 spd,, 4 cyl., 2 dr. Ave. 249-7793. MAMMOTH at Snow Creek. 2 bd,, 2 ba. + loft,sips, Plus. 1 y,. old, hardly used, $400/obo. 626/359• hatchback, white, tan cloth interior; pwr.: mirro,s, PASADENA condo, 2 bd., 2 ba .• sec. bldg., 2nd 6-8, fully equipped kitchen incl. microwave, dlw, 1789, Dian. brakes and s1eering: till, runs strong, St,100/obo. tevel, forced air heat & cootIng , Sletra Madre Blvd.; cable TV, VCR, phone, balcony w/view to mtns .• FIREWOOD. season: euc.,, pine. oak; delivered or 62.6/256-1154 or don_alb�'[email protected]. rent to own, first 6 mos. rent ca n be used as pur­ Jacuzzi, sauna, streams, fishponds, close lo NOTICE TO pickup. 626/398-8856. '88 FORD Taun.is, runs v.e,;, new Ures, pump, ale. chase down payment: 5895. 584-6526, Mamrnolh Creek: JPL disc, 626/798-9222 or HORSE TRAILER, '72 King, 2 horse, ramp, $2 ,150. 626/844-9188. SIERRA MADRE CANYON cottage, quiet. charm­ 625n94-0455. , ADVERTISERS re,wiced, good tires, $1 ,000/obo. 6261398-8856. '57 FORD T-Bird, D seties,orig. as per invoice, pw. ing, secluded 2 bd., 1 ba., recently remodeled MAMMOTH condo in Chamonix at lifts 7, 8, 16, AIL housing and vehicle advertise­ JEANS, Levi's, mostly 560 & 562, near new. boy's ps. Ford-o-matic. beautiful, slarmist blue wlwhite kitch. & bath: coveredlaundry area has washer and 17; walk to warming hut; 2 bd .• 2 full ba., sips. 6, size 8·16, S5 ea. 500·9163, eves, � top. 120K ml., $26,000 firm. 909/624-2148. dryer, incl. parking spot; avail. Feb. 1: S895. fully equipped alee. kitchen, incl. microwave & ments require that the qualifying per­ KEYBOARD/SYNTHESIZER, Korg KS, 5 ocUve, '94 MAZDA Miata special ed�ion, black/Ian/tan, 5 626/564-9607, Diana deNoyelles; e-mail: dde­ extras, f/p & wood, color TV, VCR. cable, FM son(s) placing the ad be listed as an fully prog,ammabte, MIDI, $250: bass/keyboard spd., air, pw, ps, cc, very clean. 21K mi., $8,750/ [email protected]. stereo; o/d Jacuzzis, sauna, game, rec. & lndry. amp, Ga.llien-Krueger, is• speak.er, $175: both obo. 604-4905. SOUTH PASADENA. 1718 Huntin9ton Dr .. good rms.: conv. lo shops, lilts; spec. midweek rales. owner on the ownership documents. $400. 352-5553. '88 MAZDA AX-7 GXL, 1 owner, fully equipped, area east al Marengo; fully tum. bungalow studio 249-8524. LAWN EDGER and trimmer, 3 hp eng., w/owne(s axe. cond., 87K mi.. $3,400/obo,80512 52-1 243. apt, carport. laundry, alr cond.lheat; nor>-smoker; MAMMOTH condo. 2 bd, + loft, 3 ba .• sips, 8, spa, handbookan d goggles, 8l acres, custom country; $995/wk. lor high season (June iS-Sept. Hz, min. pw,. rqmts.: 12 w. RMS, max. pwr. han­ w/stops In Northridge and Granada HIiis. Ext. 4- 1,600 sq, fl. home, all fenced, 2 patios. spa rm., 15; Nov, 22-Mar. 1); $495/wk. lowseas on, + $90 Xerox Business Se rvices at (626) dling: 60 w. RMS, impedance: 8 ohms, oak finish, 7076, Suzanne. double carport, 2-car garage; 2 wells. 7 lakes cleaning lee: 3-day min. 626/578-1503. Jim 799-0 130 . w/stands. 5150 both. 351-8036. VOLLEYBALL PLAY ERS, coed. atr levels. all wfflsh, 2 mobile sites (family or income). 75 fruit & Douglas. January23, 1998 l