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Adhesiolysis Haemostasis Athroscopy Synovectomy Myomectomy Gynecology Hysterectomy Bronchoscopy Endometriosis Meniscectomy Pneumology De-obstruction Tumor resection Tumor Excision of polyps Tissue coagulation Tissue Capsular shrinkage 3rd ventriculostomy Cartilage smoothing Fenestration of cysts Airway recanalization Ventriculocisternosomy USA: ASIA: Medical Laser Applications List of different surgerydifferent of List wavelength 2μm the in operating systems laser out with carried be can that applications m µ 2 Table 1: Table range. Applications marked in red use systems. “Chapter 5 Medical Uses of“Chapter 5 Medical Web. n.d. N.p., .” Clarified. Science Our “Fiber Lasers Pardon Find Opportunities Applications.” in Medical n.d. Web. Interruption. N.p., n.d. Web. “Lasers Lasers in Medicine.” SPIE Professional: in Medicine. N.p., ScienceDaily. Laser .” and Inexpensive Ceramic Traumatic “Minimally n.d. Web. ScienceDaily, “2 µm Fuhrberg. and Peter Lamrini, Samir Scholle, Karsten, Koopmann, Philipp Optics Frontiers in Guided Wave Applications.” and Their Possible Laser Sources Web. and Optoelectronics (2010): n. pag. with Thulium Fiber Lasers.”“Understanding Processing Industrial Laser Solutions. n.d. Web. N.p., Conclusion very has proven region the 2µm spectral around Laser technology the high absorption Due to in bio useful in medicine and surgery. output practical small thermal tissue, injurylogical consistency, zone, they these lasers, for optical materials available and readily powers, solu an effective and become in popularity increase to continue will come. to in the years surgery laser tion for References In addition, due to the high absorption due to In addition, oflevels in radiation 2µm the speed ofcon relatively remains water, and vaporization cutting of efficiency, high The regardless stant is. tissue the vascular how of thermal good and management these lasers makes consistency, applications. surgical them ideal for common 1µm lasers have more from As a comparison, radiation the tissue than absorption deeper into lower and penetrate much of areas in larger This results 2µm lasers. injury unneces and more depththe process, verya is surgery Because precise sarytissue. dead to the ofreduce damage to in order controlled be finely cuts need to and should be con precision this 2µm lasers offer tissue. underlying applications. these surgical for sidered

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0.0001 10,000 100,000 (1/cm) Coefficient Absorption MEDICAL LASER APPLICATIONS LASER MEDICAL Depth of Coagulation Absorption of water and tissue penetration depth at different wavelengths m μ Figure 2 Figure 1 Figure 2: Figure 1: EDMUND OPTICS tion depthtion of “blood optimal the for about allows which 0.1-0.2mm 2. in Figure as shown well as confined thermal as injury, less” effect during a surgical procedure making the process cleaner, easier, and easier, cleaner, making the process procedure during a surgical can cause com however, too deep, that is efficient. Coagulation more and ideal coagula a low 2µm lasers offer plications post-procedure. be achieved using 2µm lasers with a verybe achieved small injury zone of about blood which by process the or coagulation, addition, In 0.5mm. and forms a blood clot, oc semi-solid state a liquid to from changes the bleeding This suppresses 2µm radiation. curs when exposed to Due to this high absorption, ablation, or the removal of absorption,high this to Due ablation, removal the or can tissue, enough penetration depth for surgical applications. surgical depth for enough penetration tissue penetration depth for a variety of a variety depth for tissue penetration It shows common laser types. a high absorption penetration small and precise peak and an optimally the peak at 3µm which does not offer depth at 2µm, as opposed to the vibrational frequency corresponding to 2µm radiation. It is hard to to It is hard corresponding 2µm radiation. frequency to the vibrational modes vibration quantify the absorption the different due to accurately in absorption but the increase be can clearly that O-H bonds can have as the the absorption as well 1 shows seen. Figure spectrum water for tion of which comprise the majority molecules, in water 2µm radiation of absorption The strong human tissue. occurs because of the stretch ofing and bending vibrations molecules and the O-H bonds in water advantages for medical and surgical applications. medical and surgical for advantages Absorption in Water high absorpthe to due surgery precise highly for ideal 2µm lasersare wavelength of used, commonly and available wavelength readily are 1–1.5µm for 2µm lasers make that been made have significant developments significant offering while use, to easy and stable, efficient, as them cial part of of a multitude medical including technologies, different human lasers cut through can surgical Finely-focused applications. of variety a and from replac thereby angles, neatly, tissue easily, lasers While with an output such as . tools ing conventional Over the past few decades, lasers have become an increasingly cru become an increasingly lasers have decades, the past few Over 2