Resilience-Building Technologies
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Resilience-Building Technologies: State of Knowledge – ReSIST NoE Deliverable D12 Lorenzo Strigini, Nuno Neves, Michel Raynal, Michael Harrison, Mohamed Kaaniche, Friedrich von Henke DI–FCUL TR–07–26 November 2007 Departamento de Inform´atica Faculdade de Ciˆenciasda Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 1749–016 Lisboa Portugal Technical reports are available at http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/tech-reports. The files are stored in PDF, with the report number as filename. Alternatively, reports are available by post from the above address. ReSIST: Resilience for Survivability in IST A European Network of Excellence Contract Number: 026764 Deliverable D12 Resilience-Building Technologies: State of Knowledge Report Preparation Date: September 2006 Classification: Public Circulation Contract Start Date: 1st January 2006 Contract Duration: 36 months Project Co-ordinator: LAAS-CNRS Partners: Budapest University of Technology and Economics City University, London Technische Universität Darmstadt Deep Blue Srl Institut Eurécom France Telecom Recherche et Développement IBM Research GmbH Université de Rennes 1 – IRISA Université de Toulouse III – IRIT Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas Universidade de Lisboa University of Newcastle upon Tyne Università di Pisa QinetiQ Limited Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza" Universität Ulm University of Southampton CONTENTS: D12: “Resilience-building Technologies: State of Knowledge” Introduction .................................................................................................................................intro 1 Part Arch – Resilience Architecting and Implementation Paradigms.................................... arch 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... arch 2 1 – Service Oriented Architectures................................................................................................. arch 4 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... arch 4 1.1 Research on SOA ........................................................................................................ arch 6 1.2 Recent research work in RESIST.............................................................................. arch 10 2 – Mobile Services and their Infrastructures............................................................................... arch 13 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... arch 13 2.1 Fundamental research lines ....................................................................................... arch 14 2.2 Recent research work in RESIST.............................................................................. arch 16 3 – Building Resilient Architectures with Off-the-shelf Components ......................................... arch 18 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... arch 18 3.1 Lines of research on resilience with OTS components ............................................. arch 20 3.2 Recent Research Work in ReSIST ............................................................................ arch 23 4 – Intrusion Tolerant Architectures............................................................................................ arch 26 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... arch 26 4.1 Intrusion-tolerance in computing systems................................................................. arch 27 4.2 Intrusion-tolerance mechanisms................................................................................ arch 29 4.3 Examples of intrusion-tolerant systems and architectures ........................................ arch 31 4.4 Recent Research Work in ReSIST ............................................................................ arch 32 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. arch 36 References .................................................................................................................................... arch 37 Part Algo – Resilience Algorithms and Mechanisms................................................................. algo 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... algo 2 1– Byzantine Consensus in Asynchronous Message-Passing Systems: a Survey............................................................................................................................................. algo 9 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... algo 9 1.1. Byzantine Consensus Definitions............................................................................. algo 10 1.2. FLP Impossibility..................................................................................................... algo 12 1.3. Circumventing FLP .................................................................................................. algo 13 1.4. Performance and Scalability..................................................................................... algo 16 1.5. Related and Equivalent Problems............................................................................. algo 17 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... algo 18 2 – On-Line Diagnosis of Transients in Distributed Systems ...................................................... algo 19 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... algo 19 2.1. Background .............................................................................................................. algo 20 2.2. State of Knowledge in ReSIST ................................................................................ algo 21 2.3. On-going and Future Directions............................................................................... algo 24 3 – A Survey of Cooperative Backup Mechanisms...................................................................... algo 26 RESIST D12 contents i D12 Contents 3.1. Introduction and Motivations ................................................................................... algo 26 3.2. Characterization of Cooperative Backup Systems ................................................... algo 28 3.3. Existing Cooperative Backup Systems..................................................................... algo 31 3.4. Storage Management................................................................................................ algo 32 3.5. Dependability Techniques........................................................................................ algo 34 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... algo 38 4 - Wait-free objects: an introduction for the sophomore ........................................................... algo 39 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... algo 39 4.1. Computation model .................................................................................................. algo 40 4.2. A very simple wait-free object: a counter ................................................................ algo 42 4.3. Another simple wait-free object: a splitter ............................................................... algo 43 4.4. A less trivial wait-free object: a snapshot object...................................................... algo 45 4.5. A snapshot construction ........................................................................................... algo 46 4.6. Proof of the construction .......................................................................................... algo 49 4.7. Our (2006) contribution to wait-free computing...................................................... algo 51 4.8. Scalability issues in wait-free computing................................................................. algo 52 5 – Cooperation Incentive Schemes ............................................................................................ algo 53 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... algo 53 5.1. Applications ............................................................................................................. algo 54 5.2. Incentive Schemes.................................................................................................... algo 58 5.3. Validation techniques............................................................................................... algo 68 Conclusion....................................................................................................................... algo 74 6– Connectivity in Unstructured Overlay Networks .................................................................... algo 75 Introduction ....................................................................................................................