Glossary of Nautical Terms (circa. 1814)

Aback The situation of the , when their sur- tom, or anypart of it, rests in the ground faces are pressed against the by the force of the wind. Ahead Anything which is situated on that point of the compass to which a ’sstern is said to Abaft The hinder part of a ship, or towards the be a- of her. . It also signifies farther aft or nearer to the stern; as, the barricade stands ABAFT the main- Ahull The situation when all her sails are furled, mast; that is, nearer to the stern. and her helm to the lee-side; by which she lies with her head being somewhat inclined to the di- Abaft the beam Denotes the relative situation of rection of the wind. anyobject with the ship when the object is placed in anypart of that arch of the horizon which is Alee The position of the helm when it is pushed contained between a line at right angles with the down to the lee-side. and that point of the compass which is direct- ly opposite to the ship’scourse. All in the wind The state of a ship’ssails when theyare parallel to the direction of the wind, so as Aboard The inside of a ship. to shake, or quiver.

Aboard Is the distance run by a ship on one : All hands hoay! The call by which all the ship’s thus theysay,good board, when a ship does not companyare summoned upon . go to leeward of her ; a short. board, and a long board, according to the distance run. Aloft At the mast heads, or anywhere about the higher . Aboard main tack! The order to drawthe lower corner of the main- down to the chestree. Along side Side by side, or joined to a ship, wharf; &c. About The situation of a ship as soon as she has tacked. Along shore Along the coast; a coast which is in the sight of the shore, and nearly parallel to it. About ship! The order to prepare for . Aloof Is distance. Keep aloof, that is, keep at a Abreast. The situation of twoormore ly- distance. ing with their sides parallel, and their heads equally advanced; in which case theyare abreast Amain At once, suddenly; as; let go main! of each other.Abreast of anyplace, means offor directly opposite to it. Amidships The middle of a ship, either with re- gard to her length or breadth. Adrift The state of a ship broken from her moor- ings, and driving about without control. To To let the anchor fall into the ground, for the ship to ride thereby. Afloat Buoyed up by the water from the ground. Anchorage Ground fit to a ship by her an- Afore All that part of a ship which lies forward, chor. or near the . It also signified farther forward; as, the manager stands afore the foremast; that is, The anchor is cock-bill The situation of the an- nearer to the stem. chor when it hangs by the stopper at the .

Aft. Behind, or near the stern of the ship. At anchor The situation of a ship riding at her anchor. After Aphrase applied to anyobject in the hinder part of the ship, as after hatchway,the after-sails, An end The position of anymast, &c. when &c. erected perpendicularly.The -masts are said to be an-end when theyare hoisted up to their usual Aground The situation of a ship when her bot- stations.

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Apeek Perpendicular to the anchor,the cable To back and fill Is to receive the wind sometimes having been drawn so tight as to bring the ship di- on the foreside of the sail, and sometimes on the rectly overit. The anchor is then said to be apeek. other,and is used when dropping a vessel up or down a river. Arm the lead Apply putty to the lower end. Bay Aplace for ships to anchor. Ashore On the shore. It also means A-GROUND. To bagpipe the mizen To bring the to the Astern Anydistance behind a ship, as opposed to mizen shrouds. A-HEAD. To balance To contract a sail into a narrower Athwart Across the line of a ship’scourse or compass, by tying up a part of it at one corner. keel. Ballast Is either pigs of iron, stones, or gravel, Athwart hawse The situation of a ship when which last is called single ballast; and their use is drivenbyaccident across the fore-part of another, to bring the ship down to her bearings in the water whether theytouch or are at a small distance from which her provisions and stores will not do. Trim each other,the transverse position of the former is the ballast, that is spread it about, and lay it even, principally understood. or runs overone side of the hold to the other.

Athwart the forefoot When anyobject crosses Bale Bale the boat; that is, lade or throwthe water the line of a ship’scourse, but ahead of her it is out of her. said to be athwart her fore foot. Under barepoles When a ship has no sail set. Athwart-ships Adirection across the ship from one side to the other. Barge Acarvel built boat, that rows with ten or twelveoars. Atrip The when applied to the anchor,itmeans that the anchor is drawn out of the ground, in a Batten Athin piece of wood. Batten down the perpendicular direction, by the cable or buoy hatches, is to nail batters upon the tarpaulins, . The are said to be atrip when they which are overthe hatches, that theymay no be are hoisted up to the mast-head, to their utmost washed off. extent. Bearing The situation of one place from another, Av ast! The command to stop, or cease, in anyop- with regard to the points of the compass. The situ- eration. ation also of anydistant object, estimated from some part of the ship, according to her situation; Awning Ashelter or screen of canvass, spread these latter bearings are either on the beam, be- overthe decks of a ship to keep offthe heat of the fore the beam, abaft the beam, on the lee or sun. Spread the awning, extend it so as to cover weather , onthe lee or weather quarter,ahead the deck. or astern.

Aweigh The same as atrip. Bear a-hand Makehaste, dispatch.

To back the anchor To carry out a small anchor To bear in with the land Is when a ship sails to- ahead of the large one, in order to prevent it from wards the shore. coming home. To bear off To thrust or keep offthe ship’sside, To back astern In rowing, is to impel the boat &c. anyweight when hoisting with her stern foremost by means of the oars. To bear up or away The act of changing a ship’s To back the sails To arrange them in a situation course, to makeher sail more before the wind that will occasion the ship to move astern. Beat-down Caulking every seam in her bottom.

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Beating to windward The making a progress Bitter The turn of a cable round the . against the direction of the wind, by steering al- ternately close-hauled on the starboard and lar- Bitter-end That part of the cable which board tacks. within-board round about the bitts when a ship is at anchor. To becalm To intercept the current of the wind, in its passage to a ship, by anycontiguous object, as Apiece of wood with running sheavesor ashore above her sails, as a high sea behind, &c. wheels in it, through which the is and thus one sail is said to becalm another. passed, to add to the purchase.

Beforethe beam Denotes an arch of the horizon Block and Block When theycannot approach any comprehended between the line of the beam and nigher. line of the keel forward. Board and Board When twoships come so near To belay To fasten a rope, by winding it several as to touch each other,orwhen that lie side-by- times backwards and forwards on a or pin. side.

To bend To makefast, to secure. To board a ship To enter an enemy’sship in an engagement. To bend a sail Is to affix it to its proper , mast or stay. Bold shore Asteep coast, permitting the close ap- proach of a ship. Between decks The space contained between any twodecks of a ship. Bolt-rope The rope which goes round a sail, and to which the canvasissewed. Bight of a rope Anypart between the twoends. Bonnet of a sail Is an additional piece of canvas Bight Anarrowinlet of the sea. put to the sail in moderate weather to hold more wind. Lace on the BONNET,that is, fasten it to To break. The ship is BILGED, that is, her the sail. Shakeoff the BONNET,takeitoff. planks are broken with violence. Boot-topping Cleaning the upper part of a ship’s Bilge-water Is that which, by reason of the flat- bottom, or that part which lies immediately under ness of a ship’sbottom, lies on her floor,and can- the surface of the water; and paying it overwith not go to the pump. tallow, orwith a mixture of tallow, sulphur,resin &c. Binnacle Akind of box to contain the compasses in upon the deck. Both sheets aft The situation of a ship sailing right before the wind. Birth The station in which a ship rides at anchor, either alone, or in a fleet; the due distance be- Bow-grace Aframe of old rope or junk, laid out tween twoships; and also a room or apartment for at the bows, stems, and sides of ships, to prevent the officers of a mess. them from being injured by flakes of ice.

Bitts Very large pieces of timber in the fore-part Bow-line bridles Lines made fast to the of a ship, round which the cables are fastened in the sides of the sails, and to which the bow-line when the ship is at anchor.AFTER-BITTS, a is fastened. smaller kind of BITTS, upon the quarter-deck, for belaying the running rigging to. Bow-lines Lines made fast to the bridles, to haul then forward when upon a wind, which being To bitt the cable Is to bring the cable under the hauled tort, enables the ship to sail nearer to the cross-piece, and a turn round the bitt-head. In this wind. position it may either be kept fixed or veered aw ay. To bowse To pull upon anybody with a tackle, in

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order to remove it. To bring to To check the course of a ship when she is advancing, by arranging the sails in such a Alarge piece of timber which stands manner as that theyshall counteract each other, out from the bows of a ship. and prevent her from either retreating or advanc- ing. Boxhauling Aparticular method of veering a ship, when the swell of the sea renders tacking To to To incline suddenly to windward of impracticable. the ship’scourse against the helm, so as to present her side to the wind, and endanger her losing her Boxing It is performed by laying the head-sails masts. The difference between BROACHING TO, aback, to pay offthe ship’shead when got in the and BRINGING BY THE LEE may be thus de- wind, in order to return the ship’shead into the fined: suppose a ship under great sail is steering line of her course. south, having the wind at N. N. W.then west is the weather side, and east the lee-side. If, by any To the yards To move the yards, by means accident, her head turn round to the westward, so of the braces. as that her sails are all taken a-back on the weather-side, she is said to BROACH TO. If, on To brace about To brace the yards round for the the contrary,her head declines so far eastward as contrary tack. to lay her sails a-back on that side which was the lee-side, it is called BRINGING BY THE LEE. To brace sharp To brace the yards to a position, in which theywill makethe smallest possible an- Broadside Adischarge of all the guns on one side gle with the keel, for the ship to have head-way. of a ship both above and bellow.

To brace-to To cast offthe lee braces, and round Broken-backed, or hogged The state of a ship in the weather braces, to assist the motion of the which is so loosened in her as to drop at ship’shead in tacking. each end.

To brail up To haul up a sail by means of the Bulk-head Apartition. brads. Bulwark The sides of a ship above the decks. Brails Aname to certain belonging to the mizen, used to truss it up to the gaffand mast. But Buoy Afloating conical cask, moored upon it is likewise applied to all the ropes which are shoals, to showwhere the danger is; also used on employed in hauling up the after-corners of the to showwhere theylie. stay-sails. Bunt-lines Lines that come down from the top of To break bulk The act of beginning to unload a the mast to the foot rope before the sail, and by ship. which the bunt or belly of the sail is hauled up outwards. To break sheer When a ship at anchor is forced, by the wind or current, from that position in By the board Over the ship’sside. which she keeps her anchor most free of herself and most firm in the ground, so as to endanger the By the head The state of a ship when she is so tripping or fouling her anchor. unequally loaded as to drawmore water forward than she ought. Breaming Burning offthe filth from a ship’sbot- tom. By the wind The course of a ship as nearly as possible to the direction of the wind, which is Breast-fast Arope employed to confine a ship generally within six points of it. sideways to a wharf or to some other ship. Cap Apiece of wood fixed to the head of the To bring by the lee See TOBRO ACHTO. mast, through which the next mast goes.

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Capstan An instrument by which the anchor is Chapelling Is when a vessel on the wind, in little weighed out of the ground, it being a great me- wind, is caught a-back, and turns round on her chanical power,and is used for setting up the keel to the same tack without starting either tack shrouds, and other work where great purchases or sheet. are required. Chase Avessel pursued by some other. To careen To incline a ship on one side so low down, by the application of a strong purchase to Chaser The vessel pursuing. her masts, as that her bottom on the other side my be cleansed by breaming, and examined. Cheerly Aphrase implying heartily,quickly, cheerly. Casting The motion of falling off, so as to bring the direction of the wind on either side of the To clap To put in place. ship, after it has blown some time right a-head. It is particularly applied to a ship about to weigh an- To claw off The act of turning to windward from chor. alee-shore.

To cat the anchor Is to hook the cat-block to the Clear Is variously applied. The weather is said to ring of the anchor and haul is up close to the cat- be CLEAR, when it is fair and open; the sea-coast head. is CLEAR, when the navigation is not interrupted by rocks, &c. It is applied to cordage, cables, &c. Cat’sPaw Alight air of wind perceivedina when theyare disentangled, so as to be ready for calm, sweeping the surface of the sea very lightly. immediate service. In all these senses it is op- Ahitch taken on the lanyard of a , in which posed to FOUL. the tackle is hooked in setting up the rigging, and for other purposes. To clear the anchor Is to get the cables offthe flukes. or stock, and to disencumber it of ropes Cat-harping Short pieces of rope which connect ready for dropping. the lower shrouds together where the futtock shrouds are fastened. Clear hawse When the cables are directed to their anchors without lying athwart each other. Cat-head Large timbers projecting from the ves- sel’sside, to which the anchor is raised and se- To clear the hawse Is to takeout either a cross, cured. an elbow, oraround turn.

Caulking Filling the seams of a ship with oakum. Clenched Made fast, as the cable is to the ring of the anchor. Centre The word is applied to a squadron of a fleet, in line of battle, which occupies the middle Clew down To haul the yards down by the clew- of the line; and to that column ( in the order of lines. sailing) which is between the weather and lee columns. Clew-lines Are ropes which come down from the yards to the lower corners of the sails, and by Chafing When twothings rub and injure each which the corners or clews of the sails are hauled other. up.

Chains, or Channels Aplace built on the sides of To clew up To haul up the clews of a sail to its the ship, projecting out, notched to receive the yard by means of the clew-lines chain-plates, for the purpose of giving them a greater angle. Close-hauled That trim of the ship’ssails, when she endeavours to makeaprogress in the nearest Chain-plates Are plates or iron fastened to the direction possible towards that point of the com- ship’sside under the , and to these plates pass from which the wind blows. the dead eyes are fastened by iron strops.

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To club haul Amethod of tacking a ship when it Davit Along beam of timber used to fish the an- is expected she will miss stays on a lee-shore. chor.See FISH THE ANCHOR.

Coaming The raised work about the edges of a Dead water The eddy water,which appears like hatch. whirlpools, closing in with the ship’sstern, as she sails on. Coasting The act of making progress along the sea-coast of anycountry. Dead lights Akind of window-shutter for the windows in the stern of a ship, used in very bad Cockbill See THE ANCHOR IS. weather.

To coil the rope To lay it round in a ring, one turn Dead wind The wind right against the ship, or inside another> blowing from the very point to which she wants to go. Commander Alarge wooden mallet to drive the fid into the cable when in the act of splicing. Dead eyes Blocks of wood through which the lan- yards of the shrouds are reeved. To come home The anchor is said to come home when it loosens from the ground by the effort of To deaden a ship’sway To impede her progress the cable, and approaches the place where the through the water. ship floated at the length of her . Dismasted The state of a ship that has lost her Coming to Denotes the approach of a ship’shead masts. to the direction of the wind. Dog-vane Asmall vane with feathers and cork, Course The point of a compass to which the ship placed on the ship’squarter for the men at the cun steers and helm, to direct them when the vessel is nigh the wind. Crank The quality of a ship, which, for want of a sufficient ballast, is rendered incapable of carry- Dog-watch The watches from four to six, and ing sail without being exposed to danger. from six to eight, in the evening.

Creeper Asmall iron grapnel used to drag in the Dolphin Arope or strap round a mast to support bottom of rivers, &c. for anything loss. the pudding, where the lower yards rest in the slings. Also, a or buoywith a large ring in it, Astrand of small rope introduced several secured to an anchor,towhich vessels may bend times through the of a sail, and twisted, their cables. to which ropes are fastened. Doubling Board, thicker than sheathing, which To cro wdsail To carry more sail than ordinary. being nailed to the bottom will stand caulking.

Crow-foot Is a number of small lines spread from Doubling The act of sailing round or passing be- the fore-parts of the tops, by means of the piece of yond a cape or point or land. wood through which theypass, and being hauled taut upon the stays, theyprevent the foot of the Doubling upon. The act of enclosing anypart of top-sails catching under the top rim; theyare also ahostile fleet between twofires, or of cannonad- used to suspend the awnings. ing it on both sides.

Cunning The art of directing the helmsman to The rope by which anysail is hauled guide the ship in her proper course. down; as the downhaul, &c.

To cut and run To cut the cable and makesail in- To dowse To lower suddenly,orslacken. stantly,without waiting to weigh anchor. To drag the anchor To trail it along the bottom,

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after it is loosened from the ground. To edge in with To advance gradually towards the shore or anyother object. To draw When a sail is inflated by the wind, so as to advance the vessel in her course, the sail is said Elbowinthe hawse Is when a ship being TO DRAW; and SO TOKEEP ALL DRAWING moored, has gone round upon the shifting of the is to inflate all the sails. tides, twice the wrong way,soastolay the cables one overthe other: having gone once wrong, she Drift The angle which the line of a ship’smotion makes a cross in the hawse, and going three times makes with the nearest meridian, when she drives wrong, she males a round turn. with her side to the wind and wav eswhen laying to. It also implies the distance which the ship End-for-end Arev ersal of the position of any drivesonthat line. thing is turning it END-FOR-END. It is applied also to a rope that has run quite out of the block in Driver Alarge sail set upon the mizen yard in which it was reeved, or to a cable which has all light winds. run out of the ship.

Driving The state of being carried at random, as End-on When a ship advances to a shore, rock, impelled by a storm or current. It is generally ex- &c. without an apparent possibility of preventing pressed of a ship when accidentally broken loose her,she is said to go END ON for the shore, &c. from her anchors or moorings. Ensign The flag worn at the stern of a ship. Drop Used sometimes to denote the depth of a sail; as a fore- drops twelveyards. Entering-port Alarge port in the sides of three- deckers, leading into the middle deck, to save the To dropanchor Used synonymously with TO trouble of going up the ship’sside to get on board. ANCHOR. Even keel When the keel is parallel with the hori- To dropa-stern The ship is said to drop a-stern zon. when, in companywith others, she does not sail so fast Fack, or Fake One circle of anycable or rope coiled. To dropdownariver Is done either by backing and filling, or with the kedge anchor. Fagend The end of a rope fagged out. See WHIPPING. Dunnage Aquantity of loose wood, &c. laid at the bottom of a ship to keep the goods from being Fair wind Aterm for the wind when favourable damaged. to a ship’scourse.

Ear-ring Asmall rope fastened to a cringle in the Fair-way The channel of a narrowbay,riv er, or head of the sail, for the purpose of extending it haven, in which ships usually advance in their along the yard. There are Ear-rings for each reef. passage up and down.

To ease, to ease away,ortoease off To slacken Fall Anyrope that passes through twoormore gradually; thus theysay,EASE the bowline; blocks. EASE the sheet. To fall aboard of To strikeorencounter another Ease the ship! The command givenbythe pilot ship when one or both are in motion. to the helmsman to put the helm a lee, when the ship is expected to plunge her fore part deep in To fall a-stern See DROP A-STERN. the water when close-hauled. To fall calm Is when there is a cessation of the To edge away To decline gradually from the wind. shore or from the line of the course which the ship formerly held, in order to go more large. To fall down See DROP DOWN.

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Falling off Denotes the motion of the ship’shead Flaw Asudden breeze or gust of wind. from the direction of the wind. It is used in oppo- sition to COMING TO. Fleet Above five sail of the line

Fall not off The command to the steersman to Floating The state of being buoyed up by the - keep the ship near the wind. ter from the ground.

Fathom Ameasure of six feet. Flood-tide The state of a tide when it flows or ris- es. To fetch way To beshaken or agitated from one side to another so as to loosen anything which Flowing sheets The position of the sheets of the wasbefore fixed. principal sails when theyare loosened to the wind, so as to receive itinto their cavities more Fid Asquare bar of wood or iron, with shoulders nearly perpendicular than when close hauled, but at one end; it is used to support the weight of the more obliquely than when the ship sails before , when erected at the head of a lower the wind. A ship going twoorthree points large mast. has FLOWING SHEETS.

Fid for splicing Alarge piece of wood, of a coni- Fore That part of a ship’sframe and machinery cal figure, used to extend the strands and layers of that lies near the stem. cables in splicing. Fore-and-aft Throughout the whole ship’slength. To fill To brace the sails so as to receive the wind Lengthways of the ship. in them, and advance the ship in her course, after theyhad been either shivering or braced a-back. To-fore-reach upon To gain ground on some oth- er ship. Fish Alarge piece of wood. Fish the mast, apply alarge piece of wood to it to strengthen it. The upper deck in the fore part of the ship. Fish-hook Alarge hook by which the anchor is receivedfrom under the cat-head, and brought to To forge over To force a ship violently overa the side or ; and the tackle which is used shoal by a great quantity of sail. for this purpose is called the fish-tackle. Forward To wards the fore part of a ship. To fish the anchor To drawupthe flukes of the anchor towards the top of the bow, inorder to Foul Opposed to fair. stowit, after having been catted by means of the davit. To founder To sink at sea by filling with water.

Flag Ageneral name for colours worn and used Foxes Tw o or more yarns twisted together by by ships of war. hand.

Flat-aft The situation of the sails when their sur- To free Pumping is said to free the ship when it faces are pressed aft against the mast by the force discharges more water than leaks into her. of the wind. To freshen When a gale increases it is said to To flat in To drawinthe aftermost lower corner freshen. or clue of a sail towards the middle of the ship, to give the sail a greater power to turn the vessel. To freshen the hawse Veering out or heaving in a little cable to let another part of it to endure the To flat in forward To drawinthe fore-sheet, jib- chafing in the hawse-holes. It is applied to the act sheet, and fore--sheet, towards the middle of renewing the service round the cable at the of the ship. hawse-holes.

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Fresh away When a ship increases her velocity Goose-wings of a sail The clues or lower corners she is said to FRESH AWA Y. of a ship’smainsail or , when the middle part is furled or tied up to the yard. Full The situation of the sails when theyare kept distended by the wind. Grappling-iron Athing in the nature of an an- chor,with four or six flukes to it. Full-and-by The situation of a ship, with regard to the wind, when close-hauled; and sailing so as Gratings Are hatches made full of apertures. to steer neither too nigh the direction nor to devi- ate to leeward. Grave the ship To burn offthe filth from her bot- tom. To furl To wrap, or roll, a sail close up to the yard or stay to which it belongs, and winding a Gripe of a ship That thin part of her which is fas- round it to keep it fast. tened to the keel and stem, and joined to the false stern. Futtock-shrouds Are the shrouds which connect the lower and top mast rigging together. Griping The inclination of a ship to run to wind- ward. Gage of the ship Her depth of water,orwhat wa- ter she draws. Groin in the cable Is when the cable does not coil as it ought. To gain the wind To arrive onthe weather,orto windward, of some ship or fleet in sight, when Grounding The laying a ship a-shore, in order to both are sailing on the wind. repair her.Itisalso applied to running a-ground accidentally. Gammon the bowsprit Secure it by turns of a strong rope passed round it, and into the cut wa- Ground-tackle Every thing belonging to a ship’s ter,toprevent if from topping. anchors, and which are necessary for anchoring or ; such as cables, hawsers, towlines, The entering place into a ship. warps, buoy-ropes, &c.

Garboard streak The streak nearest to the keel. Ground-tier That is, the tier which is lowest in the hold. Gasket Foxesplaited together,and which they pass round the sails and yards, &c. to keep them Growing Stretching out; applied to the direction fast when theyare furled. of the cable from the ship towards the anchors; as, the cable GROWSonthe starboard bow. To gather Aship is said to gather on another as she comes nearer to her. Grummet Apiece of rope, laid into a circular form, and used for large boats’ oars, instead of Giger Ablock strapt with a tail to it, on which is rowlocks, and also for manyother purposes. fixed a sheave,which is hitched on the cable when heaving in; through the block is generally Gun-room Adivision of the lower deck, abaft, rove a whip, to hold on the cable. enclosed with network, for the use of the gunner and junior lieutenant, and in which their cabins Gimbleting The action of turning the anchor stand. round by the stock, so that the motion of the stock appears similar to that of the handle of a gimblet, Gunnel The large plank that runs along upon the when employed to turn the wire. upper part of a ship’sside.

Girt The ship is girt with her cables when she is Arope fixed to keep anything in its place. too light moored. Gybing The act of shifting anyboom-sail from To give chase to To pursue a ship or fleet. one side of the mast to the other.

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Halyards The ropes by which the sails are hoist- Head-fast Arope employed to confine the head ed, as the topsail , the jib halyards, &c. of a ship to a wharf or some other ship

To hail To salute or speak to a ship at a distance. Head-most The situation of anyship or ships which are the most advanced in a fleet. Handing The same as furling. Head-sails All the sails which belong to the fore- To hand the sail The same as to furl them. mast and bowsprit.

Hand-over-hand The pulling of anyrope, by the Head-sea When the wav esmeet the head of a men’spassing their hands alternately one before ship in her course, theyare called a HEAD SEA. the other,orone above another. It is likewise applied to a large single wav e com- ing in that direction. Handsomely Gradually,asLOWER HAND- SOMELY. Head-to-wind The situation of a ship when her head is turned to the point from which the wind Handspike Bars made use of with a windlass. blows, as it must when tacking.

Hank Pieces of wood to attach stay sails to their Head-way The motion of advancing, used in op- stays. position to STERN-WAY.

Hank-for-Hank When twoships tack and makea To heave To turn about a capstern, or other ma- progress to windward together. chine of the likekind, by means of bars, hand- spikes, &c. Harbor Asecure place for a ship to anchor. To heave a-head To advance the ship by heaving Hard a-lee The situation of the helm, which in the cable or other rope fastened to an anchor at pushed close to the lee side of the ship. some distance before her.

Hard a-weather The situation of the helm, when To heave a-peak To heave inthe cable, till the pushed close to the weather side of a ship. anchor is a-peak.

To haul To pull a rope. To heave a-stern To move a ship backwards by an operation similar to that of HEAVING A- To haul the wind To direct the ship’scourse HEAD. nearer to the point from which the wind blows. To heave down To CAREEN, Hawse The situation of the cables before the ship’sstem, when she is moored with twoanchors To heave inthe cable To drawthe cable into the out from forwards. It also denotes anysmall dis- ship, by turning the capstern or windlass. tance a-head of a ship, or the space between her head and the anchors employed to ride her. To heave-in stays To bring a ship’shead to the wind, by a management of the sails and ,in Hawse-holes The holes in the bows of the ship order to get on the other tack. through which the cables pass. Freshen hawse, veer out more cable. Clap a service in the hawse, To heave out To unfurl or loose a sail; more par- put somewhat round the cable in the hawse hole ticularly applied to the : thus we say, to prevent its chafing. Toclear hawse, is to un- loose the top-sails and HEAVE OUT the staysails. twist the cables where the ship is moored, and has got a foul hawse. Athwart hawse is to be across or To heave short To drawsomuch of the cable into before another ship’shead. the ship, as that she will be almost perpendicular- ly overher anchor. Hawser Asmall kind of cable. To heave tight, or taut To turn the capstern

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round, till the rope or cable becomes straightened. er; each is then said to HOLD ITS OWN. It is likewise said of a ship which, by means of con- To heave the capstern To turn it round with the trary winds, cannot makeaprogress towards her bars. destined port, but which, however, keeps nearly the distance she had already run. To heave the lead To throwthe lead overboard, in order to find the depth of water. To hold on To pull back or retain anyquantity of rope acquired by the effort of a capstern, wind- To heave the log To throwthe log overboard, in lass, tackle, block, &c. order to calculate the velocity of the ship’sway. Home Implies the proper situation of anyobject; To heave to To stop the vessel from going for- as, to haul HOME the top-sail sheets is to extend ward. the bottom of the top-sail to the lower yard by means of the sheets. In stowing a hold, a cask, Heave handsomely Heave gently or leisurely. &c. is said to be HOME, when it lies close to some other object. Heave heartily Heave strong and quick. Horse Arope under the yards to put the feet on. Heave ofthe sea Is the power that the swell of the sea has upon a ship in driving her out, or Hoy Aparticular kind of vessel. faster on, in her course, and for which allowance is made in the day’swork. of the ship The body of it.

To heel To stoop or incline to one side; thus they Hull down Is when a ship is so far off, that you say TOHEEL TOPORT; that is, to heel to the can only see her masts. larboard side. Hull-to The situation of a ship when she lies with Helm The instrument by which the ship is all her sails furled; as in TRYING. steered, and includes both the wheel and the , as one general term. To hull a ship To fire cannon-balls into her hull.

Helm a-lee Adirection to put the tiller overtothe Hulk Aship without masts or rigging; also a ves- lee-side. sel to remove masts into or out of ships by means of sheers, from whence theyare called sheer Helm a-weather An order to put the helm overto hulks. the windward side. Jack The union flag. High-and-dry The situation of a ship when so far run a-ground as to be seen dry upon the strand. Jaming Particular method of taking a turn with a rope, &c. Hitch To makefast. Jeer-blocks The blocks through which jeers are To hoist To drawupany body by the assistance of rove. one or more tackles. Pulling by means of a single block is nevertermed HOISTING, except only Jeers The ropes by which the lower yards are sus- the drawing of the sails upwards along the masts pended. or stays. Jib The foremost sail of a ship, set upon a Hold Is the space between the lower deck and the which runs out from the bowsprit. bottom of a ship and where her stores, &c. lie. To stowthe hold, is to place the things in it. Jib-boom Aspar that runs out from the bowsprit.

To hold its own Is applied to the relative situation Jolly boat Smallest boat on board. of twoships when neither advances upon the oth-

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Junk Old cable, or old rope. Large The wind is on the quarter or abaft the beam. With the wind free when will Jurymast Anyspar that is set up, when the prop- draw. er mast is carried away. Launch-ho Signifies to let go the top rope, when Keckled Anypart of a cable, covered overwith atop-mast, or top-gallant-mast, is fidded. old ropes, to prevent its surface from rubbing against the ship’sbow orfore foot. Land-fall The first land discovered after a sea vo yage. Thus a GOOD LAND-FALL implies the Kedge Asmall anchor. land expected or desired, a BAD LAND-FALL the reverse. Keel The principal piece of timber on which the vessel is built. Land-locked The situation of a ship surrounded with land so as to exclude the prospect of the sea, Keel-haul To drag a person backwards and for- unless oversome intervening land. wards under a ship’skeel, for certain offences. Lanyards of the shrouds Are the small ropes at To keep away To alter the ship’scourse to one the ends of them, by which theyare hove taut, or rather more large. tight.

To keep full To keep the sails distended by the Larboard The left side of a ship, looking towards wind. the head.

To keep your luff Toocontinue close to the wind. Larboard-tack The situation of a ship when sail- ing with the wind blowing upon her larboard side. To keep the wind The same as KEEP YOUR LUFF. Lash To bind.

Kentledge What is put in the bottom of the vessel Laying the land Aship which increases her dis- to keep the ground tier from getting wet. tance from the coast, so as to makeitappear low- er and smaller,issaid to LAYTHE LAND. Kink Is when a rope has too much twist. Lead line Arope with a lead weight attached to Knees Are pieces of timber which confine the measure the depth of water.The rope has ends of the beams to the vessel’sside. coloured markers along it’slength to indicate depth. See also ’sound’ Knippers Alarge kind of platted rope, which be- ing twisted round the messenger and cable in Leading-wind Afair wind for a ship’scourse. weighing, bind them together. Leak Achink or breach in the sides or bottom of Adivision of the knot-line, answering, in aship, through which the water enters into the the calculation of the ship’svelocity,toone mile. hull.

Knot There are manysorts; such as overhand To leak To admit water into the hull through knot, wall-knot, diamond knot, &c. chinks or breaches in the sides or bottom.

To labour To roll or pitch heavily in a turbulent Lee That part of the hemisphere to which the sea. wind is directed, to distinguish it from the other part which is called to windward. Laden in bulk Freighted with a cargo not packed, butlying loose, as corn, salt, &c. Leeches Are the sides of the sails.

Laid up The situation of a ship when moored in a Leechlines Are lines which haul up the leeches to harbour,for want of employ. the yard.

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Lee-gage Aship or fleet to leeward of another is List incline The ship has a list to port, that is, she said to have the lee-gage. heels to larboard.

Lee-lurches The sudden and violent rolls which a Lizard Abight of a small line pointed on a large ship often takes to leeward in a high sea; particu- one. larly when a large wav e strikes her on the weather-side. Log, and Log-line By which the ship’spath is measured, and her rate of going ascertained. Log- Lee of the shore See UNDER THE LEE OF board, on which are marked the transactions of THE SHORE. the ship, and from thence it is copied into the log- book every day. Lee-quarter That quarter of a ship which is on the lee-side. Loggerhead Alarge iron ball, with a stem to it.

Lee-shore That shore upon which the wind Along sea Auniform motion of long wav es. blows. Look-out Awatchful attention to some important Lee-side That half of a ship, lengthwise, which object or event that is expected to arise. Thus per- lies between a line drawn through the middle of sons on board of a ship are occasionally stationed her length and the side which is farthest from the to look out for signals, other ships, for land, &c. point of wind. To loose To unfurl or cast loose anysail. To leeward To wards that part of the horizon to which the wind blows. To lower To ease down gradually

Leeward ship Aship that falls much to leeward Luff! The order to the steersman to put the helm of her course, when sailing close-hauled. towards the lee side of the ship, in order to sail nearer to the wind. Leeward tide Atide that sets to leeward. Magazine Aplace where gunpowder is kept. Lee-way The lateral movement of a ship to lee- ward of her course; or the angle which the line of To makeaboard To run a certain distance upon her way makes with a line in the direction of her one tack, in beating to windward. keel To makefoul water To muddy the water by run- To lie along To bepressed down sideways by a ning in shallowplaces so that the ship’skeel dis- weight of sail in a fresh wind. turbs the mud at bottom.

To lie to To retard a ship in her course, by arrang- To makesail To increase the quantity of sail al- ing the sails in such a manner as to counteract ready set, either by unreefing, or by setting others. each other with nearly an equal effort, and render the ship almost immoveable, with respect to her To makesternway To retreat or move with the progressive motion or headway. stern foremost.

Life-lines Forthe preservation of the seamen; To makethe land To discoveritfrom afar. theyare hitched to the topsail lift and tye blocks. To makewater To leak. Lifts The ropes which come to the ends of the yards from the mast heads, and by which the To man the yards To place men on the yard, in yards are kept square or toped. the tops, down the ladder,&c. to execute anynec- essary duties. Limbers Holes cut in the ground timbers to let the water come to the well. Marline Small line to seize blocks in their straps, &c.

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Marline-spike An instrument to splice with, &c. Mooring service When a ship is moored, and rides at one cables length, the mooring service is Masted Having all her masts complete. that which is in the hawse hole.

Masts The upright spars on which the yards and Mouse Akind of ball or knob, wrought upon the sails are set. collar of the stays.

Maul Large hammer to drive the fid of the top- Muster To assemble. mast either in or out. Narrows Asmall passage between twolands. Mend the service Put on more service. Neap-tides The lowest tides when the moon is at Messenger Asmall kind of cable, which being the first or third quarters. brought to the capstain and the cable by which the ship rides made fast to it, it purchases the anchor. Neaped The situation of a ship left aground on the height of a spring-tide, so that she cannot be To middle a rope To double it into equal parts floated till the return of the next spring-tide.

Midships See AMIDSHIPS. Near,ornonear An order to the helmsman not to keep the ship so close to the wind. To miss stays Aship is said to MISS STAYS, when her head will not fly up into the direction of Nippers Intrument with twojawsbywhich a rope the wind, in order to get her on the other tack. or cable may be seized.

Mizen-peek The after end of the gaff. Nothing-off Aterm used by the man at the cun to the steersman, directing him not to go from the Monkey An iron sliding ram used in driving in wind. armour bolts in ironclad ships. Nun-buoy The kind of buoys used by ships of Monkey Asmall cannon (alias dog) war.

Monkey Asmall wooden cask to hold rum. Oakum Old rope untwisted and pulled open.

Monkey-blocks Are on some topsail yards, to Oars What boats are rowed with! reeve buntlines in. Offing To seaward from the land. A ship is in the Monkey-jacket Ashort, usually red jacket worn offing, that is, she is to seaward, at a distance by midshipmen. from the land. She stands for the offing, that is, towards the sea. Monkey-poop This name has been giventoa platform connecting a fore and after cabin in the Off-and-on When a ship is beating to windward, after part of a vessel. It may also signify a very so the by one board she approaches towards the short poop. shore, and by the other stands out to sea, she’s said to stands OFF-AND-ON shore. Monkey-pump Apipe-stem or strawfor sucking the contents of a cask. Offward From the shore; as when a ship lies a- ground, and leans towards the sea, she is said to Monkey-sparred Said of a ship when under- heel offward. rigged. On board Within the ship; as, he is come on Mooring Securing a ship in a particular station by board. chains or cables, which are either fastened to an adjacent shore, or to anchors at the bottom. On the beam Anydistance from the ship on a line with the beams, or at right angles with the

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keel. is made to stoop little to one side, so as to clean the upper part of her bottom on the other side. On the bow An arch of the horizon, comprehend- ing about four points of the compass on each side Parting Being drivenfrom the anchors by the of that point to which the ship’shead is directed. breaking of the cable. Thus, theysay,the ship in sight bears three points on THE STARBOARD-BOW; that is, three points To pawl the capstain To fixthe pawls, so as to towards the right hand, from that part of the hori- prevent the capstain from recoiling, during any zon which is right a-head. pause of heaving.

On the quarter An arch of the horizon, compre- To pay To daub, or cover, the surface of anybody hending about four points of the compass, on each with pitch, tar,&c. in order to prevent it from the side of that point to which the ship’sstern is di- injuries of the weather. rected. To pay away or pay out To slacken a cable or Open The situation of a place exposed to the other rope, so as to let it run out for some particu- wind and sea. It is also expressed of anydistant lar purpose. object to which sight or passage is not intercept- ed. To pay off To move a ship’shead to leeward.

Open hawse When the cables of a ship at her Peek Astay-peek, is when the cable and the fore- moorings lead straight to their respective anchor, stay form a line. Ashort peek, is when the cable without crossing, she is said to ride with an is so much in as to destroythe line formed by the OPEN-HAWSE stay-peek. Toride with the yards a-peek, is to have them topped up by contrary lifts, so as to Orlop The deck on which the cables are stowed. represent a St. Andrew’scross. Theyare then said to be a Portland. Over-board Out of the ship; as, he fell overboard, meaning he fell out of, or from, the ship Pendant The long narrowflag worn at the mast- head by all ships of the navy.Brace pen- Overhaul To clear awayand disentangle any dants are those ropes which secure the brace- rope; also to come up with the chase: as, we over- blocks to the yard-arms. haul her,that is, we gain ground of her. Pendant broad Abroad pendant hoisted by a Over-set Aship is OVER-SET when her keel commodore turn upwards. Pierced Aterm for gun-ports. Out-of-trim The state of a ship when she is not properly balanced for the purposes of navigation. Pitching The movement of a ship, by which she plunges her head and after-part alternately into Out-rigger Aspar projecting from the vessel to the hollowofthe sea. extend some sail, or makeagreater angle for a shifting back-stay,&c. To ply to windward To endeavour to make progress against the direction of the wind. Arope attached to the bows of a boat, used to makeher fast. Point-blank The direction of a gun when leveled horizontally. Palm Apiece of steel when mounted acts as a thimble for sewing canvass. Points Anumber of plated ropes made fast to the sails for the purpose of reefing. Parcel a rope Is to put a narrowpiece of canvass round it before the service is put on. Poop The deck next above the quarter-deck.

Parliament-heel The situation of a ship when she Pooping The shock of a high and heavy sea upon

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the stern or quarter of a ship, when she scuds be- Range of cable Asufficient length of cable, fore the wind in a tempest. drawn upon the deck before the anchor is cast loose, to admit of its sinking to the bottom with- Portland yards The same as PORTLAST;TO out anycheck. RIDE A PORPOISE is to ride with a yard struck down to the deck. The small ropes fastened to the shrouds, by which the men go aloft. Port Used for larboard, or the left side; also a har- bour or haven Reach The Distance between anytwo points on the banks of a river, wherein the current flows in Port Aname givenonsome occasions to the lar- an uninterrupted course. board side of the ship; as, the she heels to port, top the yards to port, &c. Ready about! Acommand of the boatswain to the crew, and implies that all the hands are to be Ports The holes in the ship’ssides from which the attentive,and at their stations for tacking. guns are fired. Rear The last division of a squadron, or the last Press of sail All the sail a ship can set or carry. squadron of a fleet. It is applied likewise to the last ship of a line, squadron or division. Prev enter An rope, to assist another. Reef Part of a sail from one rowofeyelet-holes to Prizing The application of a levertomove any another.Itisapplied likewise to a chain of rocks weighty body. lying near the surface of the water.

Purchase Anysort of mechanical power em- Reefing The operation of reducing a sail by tak- ployed in raising or removing heavy bodies. ing in one or more of the reefs.

Purchase To purchase the anchor,istoloosen it Reef-bands Pieces of canvass, about six inches out of the ground. wide, sewed on the fore part of sails, where the points are fixed for reefing the sail. Pudding Alarge pad made of ropes, and put round the masts under the lower yards. Reeve To reeve a rope, is to put it through a block, and to unreeve it, is to takeitout of the Quarters The several stations of a ship’screwin block. time of action. Ribs of a ship That is, the frame. Quartering When a ship under sail has the wind blowing on her quarter. Rendering The giving way or yielding to the ef- forts of some mechanical power.Itisused in op- Quoil Is a rope or cable laid up round, one fake position to jambing or sticking. overanother. Ride at anchor Is when a ship is held by her an- Raft Aparcel of spars lashed together. chors, and is not drivenbywind or tide. Toride athwart, is to ride with the ship’sside to the tide. Raft-port Aport in a vessel’sbow orstern to take To ride hawse-fallen, is when the water breaks in- in spars or timbers. to the hawse in a rough sea.

To raise To elevate anydistant object at sea by Riding When expressed of a ship, is the state of approaching it: thus, TORAISE THE LAND is being retained in particular station by an anchor used in opposition to LAYTHE LAND. and cable. Thus she is said to RIDE EASY or TO RlDE HARD, in proportion to the strain upon her To rake To cannonade a ship at the stern or head, cable. She is likewise said TORIDE LEEWARD so that the balls scour the whole length of the TIDE if anchored in a place at a time when the decks. tide sets to leeward, and TORIDE WINDWARD

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TIDE if the tide sets to windward: to RIDE BE- Round-turn The situation of the twocables of a TWEEN WIND AND TIDE, when the wind and ship when moored, after theyhav e been several tide are in direct opposition, causing her to ride times crossed by the swinging of the ship. without anystrain upon her cables. Rounding-up Similar to ROUNDING-IN, except To rig To put the ropes in their proper places. that it is applied to ropes and blocks which act in aperpendicular direction. Rigging The ropes to rig with. To row To move a boat with oars. Rigging out a boom The running out a pole at the end of a yard to extend the foot of a sail. Rowsing Pulling upon a cable or rope without as- sistance of tackles. To rig the capstain To fixthe bars in their respec- tive holes. Rudder The machine by which the ship is steered. Righting Restoring a ship to an upright position, either after she has been laid on a careen, or after Rullock The nitch in a boat’sside, in which the she has been pressed down on her side by the oars are used. wind. Run The after-part of a vessel in the water. To right the helm Is to bring it into midships, af- ter it has been pushed either to starboard or lar- Runner-pennant The first that is put overthe board. lower masts with a block in each end.

Ring-ropes Several turns round the cable and To run out a warp To carry the end of a rope out through the ring to secure the cable. from a ship in a boat, and fastening it to some dis- tant object, so that by it the ship may be removed Road Aplace near the land here ships may an- by pulling on it. chor,but which is not sheltered. To sag to leeward To makeconsiderable leeway. Robins Small plaited yarns with eyes to fasten the sails to the yards with. Sailing trim Is expressed of a ship when in the best state for sailing. Rolling The motion by which a ship rocks from side to side likeacradle. Sally-port Alarge port in the quarter of a fire- ship where the Captain comes out at, when he sets Rope-yarn Is what the cordage and cables are her on fire. made with. Salvage Apart of the value of a ship and cargo Rough-tree Aname applied to anymast, yard or paid to the salvors. boom, placed in merchant-ships, or a rail or fence above the vessel’sside, from the quarter deck to Scanting The variation of the wind, by which it the forecastle. becomes unfavourable to a ship’smaking great progress, as it deviates from being large, and Round-house Ahouse built upon the deck. obliges the vessel to steer close-hauled, or nearly so. Rounding Ropes used to put round the cable in the wakeofthe hawse, or stem of the ship, to Scraper Asteel instrument to scrape with. keep it from rubbing or chafing the cable. Scudd To goright before the wind; and going in Rounding-in The pulling upon anyrope which this direction without anysail set is called spoon- passes through one or more blocks in a direction ing. nearly horizontal; as, ROUND-IN the weather braces. Scuttle Asmall covertocoverasmall hole in the

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deck. Shank of an anchor The part between the ring and the flooks. Scuttling Cutting large holes through the bottom or sides of a ship, either to sink or to unlade her Shank-painter The rope by which the shank of expeditiously when stranded. the anchor is held up to the ship’sside; is also made fast to a piece of iron chain, in which the Sea Alarge wav e is so called. Thus theysay,A shank of the anchor lodges. HEAVY SEA. It implies likewise the agitation of the ocean, as A GREATSEA. It expresses the di- To shape a course To direct or appoint the track rection of the wav es, as A HEAD SEA. A LONG of a ship, in order to prosecute a voyage. SEA means a uniform and steady motion of long extensive wav es; a SHORTSEA, on the contrary, Sheer The sheer of the ship is the curvethat is be- is when theyrun irregularly,broken, and inter- tween the head and the stern, upon her side. The rupted. ship sheers about, that is, she goes in and out.

Sea-boat Avessel that bears the sea firmly,with- Sheers Are spars lashed together,and raised up, out straining her masts, &c. for the purpose of getting out or in a mast.

Sea-cloths Jackets, trowsers, &c. Sheering The vessel is said to sheer when the ca- ble and anchor is not right a-head. Sea-mark Apoint or object on shore, conspicu- ously seen at sea. Sheer-hulk Avessel to takeout and put in the lower masts and bowsprit. Seams The joints between the planks. To sheer off To remove toagreater distance. Sea-room Asufficient distance from the coast or anydangerous rocks, &c. so that a ship may per- Sheet Ropes fixed to the lower corners of square form all nautical operations without danger of sails, &c. shipwreck. To sheet home To haul the sheets of a sail home Seaze To bind or makefast. to the block on the yard-arm.

Seazeing The spun-yarn, marline, &c. to seaze To shift the helm To alter its position from right with. to left, or from left to right.

Sending The act of pitching precipitately into the To ship To takeany person, goods, or thing, on hollowbetween twowav es. board. It also implies to fix anything in its proper place; as, to SHIP THE OARS, to fix them in Serve To wind something about a rope to prevent their rowlocks. it from chafing, or fretting. The service is the thing so wound about the rope. Ship-shank Adouble bight taken in a rope with a hitch at each end. Setting The act of observing the situation of any distant object by the compass. Ship shape Doing anything in a sailor-likeman- ner. To set sail To unfurl and expand the sails to the wind, in order to give motion to the ship. Shivering The state of a sail when fluttering in the wind. To set up To increase the tension of the shrouds, backstays, &c. by tackles, lanyards, &c. Shoal Shallow, not deep.

Settle To lower; as, SETTLE THE TOP-SAIL Shoe Apiece of wood in the shape of a shoe, used HALYARDS, lower them. in fishing the anchor,toprevent the bill from rub- bing the planks, or catching the bends.

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To shoot a-head To advance forward. Split The state of a sail rent by the violence of the wind. Shore Ageneral name for the sea-coast of any country. Spoon drift The distance she runs when scudding without anysail. To shorten sail Used in opposition to MAKE SAIL. Spray The sprinkling of a sea, drivenoccasional- ly from the top of a wav e. Shrouds Large ropes fixed on each side of masts. Spring Aspring upon the cable, is a hawser bent Sinnett Asmall platted rope made from rope- to the cable, outside the hawse, taken in at the yarns. most convenient part of the ship aft, for the pur- pose of casting her. Skidds Pieces of wood to put overthe sides to hinder anything from rubbing the sides. Spring-stays Are rather smaller than the stays, placed above them, and intended to answer the Slack-water The interval between the flux and re- purpose of the stay,ifitshould be shot away, &c. flux of the tide, when no motion is perceptible in the water. Spring-tides Are the tides at newand full moon, which flowhighest and ebb lowest. Slings Suspends the yards from the mast. To sprint a mast, yard, &c To crack a mast, To slip the cable To let it run quite out when yard, &c. by means of straining in blowing weath- there is no time to weigh the anchor. er,sothat it is rendered unfit for use.

To slue To turn anycylindrical piece of timber To spring a-leak When a leak first commences, a about its axis without removing it. Thus, to SLUE ship is said to SPRING A-LEAK. AMAST or BOOM, is to turn it in its cap or boom-iron. To spring the luff Aship is said to SPRING HER LUFF when she yields to the effort of the helm, Sound To try the depth of water; also a deep bay. by sailing nearer to the wind than before.

Spars Pieces of trees as theyare cut in the wood. Spun-yarn Tw o,three, or four rope-yarn twisted together. Spanish burton-windlass Aparticular way of setting up the topmast rigging in merchant ves- Spur-shores Are large pieces of timber which sels. come abaft the pump well.

Spear of the pump The handle of a hand-pump. Spurling-line Is a line that goes round a small barrel, abaft the barrel of the wheel, and coming To spill the mizen To let go the sheet, and brail it to the front beam of the poop-deck, movesthe up. tell-tale with the turning of the wheel, and keeps it always in such position as to showthe position of To spill To discharge the wind out of the cavity or the tiller. belly of a sail, when it is drawn up in brails, in or- der to furl or reef it. Squadron Five sail of the line.

Spilling-lines Are ropes contrivedtokeep the Squall Asudden violent blast of wind. sails from being blown away, when theyare clewed up, in blowing weather. Square This term is applied to yards that are very long as TAUNT is to high masts. Splice To maketwo ends of ropes fast together by untwisting them, and then putting the strands of To squarethe yards To brace the yards so as to one piece with the strands of the other. hang at right angles with the keel.

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To stand on To continue advancing. Stem The fore-part of the vessel.

To stand in To advance towards the shore. Stern The after-part of a vessel.

To stand off To recede from the shore. Sternfast Arope confining a ship by her stern to anyother ship or wharf. Starboard The right-hand side of the ship, when looking forward. Sternmost The farthest a-stern, opposed to HEADMOST. Starboard-tack Aship is said to be on the STARBOARD-TACKwhen sailing with the wind Sternway The motion by which a ship falls back blowing upon her starboard side. with her stern foremost.

Starboard the helm! An order to push the helm Stiff The condition of a ship when she will carry to the starboard side. agreat quantity of sail without hazard of overset- ting. It is used-in opposition to CRANK. To stay a ship To arrange the sails, and move the rudder so as to bring the ship’shead to the direc- Stirrup Apiece of rope; one end nailed to the tion of the wind, in order to get her on the other yard, in the other a thimble for the horse to reeve tack. in.

Stay-peak When the cable makes the same angle Stoppers Large kind of ropes, which being, fas- as the stay does. tened to the cable in different places abaft the bitts, are an additional security to the ship at an- Stay to To bring the head of a ship up to the wind chor. in order to tack. To stow To arrange and dispose a ship’scargo. Stays Large ropes coming from the mast heads down before the masts, to prevent them from Strand One third part of a three-strand rope. springing, when the ship is sending deep. Stranded When a vessel is got aground on some Steady! The order to the helmsman to keep the rocks, and filled with water. ship in the direction she is going at that instant. To stream the buoy To let it fall from the ship’s Steady In sailing, is when she is going her right side into the water,previously to casting anchor. course offthe wind. Stretch-out Aterm used to the men in a boat, Steady the ship That is by running a rope or when theyshould pull strong. towling out on either side when at anchor. To strike To lower or let down anything. Used Steering The art of directing the ship’sway by emphatically to denote the lowering of colours in the movement of the helm. token of surrender to a victorious enemy.

Steerage-way Such degree of progressive motion To strikesoundings To touch ground with the of a ship as will give effect to the motion of the lead, when endeavouring to find the depth of wa- helm. ter.

Steeve Turning up. The bowsprit sleevestoo Strops Either rope or iron, which are fixed to much, that is, it is too upright. blocks or dead eyes to attach them to anything.

To stem the tide When a ship is sailing against Sued or Sewed When a ship is on shore, and the the tide at such a rate as enables her to overcome water leavesher,she is said to be sued; if the wa- its power,she is said to STEM THE TIDE. ter leavesher twofeet, she sues, or is sued, two feet.

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This document, and more, is available online at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net Glossary of Nautical Terms (circa. 1814)

Surf The swell of the sea that breaks upon the Thwart-ships See A-TWARTSHIPS. shore, or on anyrock. Thus! An order to the helmsmen; to keep the To surge the capstern To slacken the rope ship in her present situation, when sailing with a heavedround upon it. scant wind.

Sway The same as hoist. Tide-way That part of a riverinwhich the tide ebbs and flows strongly. Sway away Hoist, used in getting up masts or yards. Tier Arow;ascable-tier,atier of guns, casks, or atier of ships, &c. Swab Akind of large mop, made of junk, to clean aship’sdeck with. Tide-gate Aplace where the tide runs strong.

Swell The fluctuating motion of the sea either Tide it up To gowith the tide against the wind. during or after a storm. Timbers What the frame is composed of. Sweeping The act of dragging the bight or loose part of a rope along the surface of the ground, in a Tiller Alarge piece of wood, or beam, put into harbor or road, in order to drag up something lost. the head of the rudder,and by means of which the rudder is moved. Swift the capsternbars Is to confine the outward end of the bars one to another,with a rope. Tompion, or Tomkin The bung, or piece of wood, by which the mouth of the canon, is filled Swinging The act of a ship’sturning round her to keep out wet. anchor at the change of wind or tide. Topping Pulling one of the ends of a yard higher To tack To turn a ship about from one tack to an- than the other. other,bybringing her head to the wind. To tow To drawaship in the water by a rope Taking-in The act of furling the sails. Used in op- fixed to a boat or other ship which is rowing or position to SETTING. sailing on.

Takena-back See a-back. To w-line Asmall line cable laid.

Tarpaulin Acloth of canvass covered with tar Alarge piece of timber fastened to the and saw-dust, or some other composition, so as to stern-posts, to the ends of which the afterpart of makeitwater-proof. the bends are fastened.

Taut Improperly,though very generally,used for Trav erse To gobackwards and forwards. TIGHT. Trav eller Aring on the jib boom, or grumet on Taunt High or tall. Particularly applied to masts the backstays, to conduct the top-gallant yards up of extraordinary length. and down.

Tell-tale An instrument which traverses upon an Tr ey-sail Asmall sail used by brigs and cutters in indexinthe front of the , to showthe blowing weather. position of the tiller. Trice, trice up To haul up and fasten. Tending The turning, or swinging, of a ship round her anchor in a tide-way at the beginning of Trim The state or disposition by which a ship is ebb and flood. best calculated for the purposes of navigation.

Thwart See A-TWARTSHIPS. To trim the hold To arrange the cargo regularly.

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This document, and more, is available online at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net Glossary of Nautical Terms (circa. 1814)

To trim the sails To dispose the sails in the best To unballast To discharge the ballast out of a arrangement for the course which a ship is steer- ship. ing. To unbend To takethe sails offfrom their yards To trip the anchor To loosen the anchor from the and stays. Tocast loose the anchor from the cable. ground, either by design or accident. To untie tworopes.

Tr ough of the sea The hollowbetween two To unbit To remove the turns of the cable from waves. offthe bitt.

Truck of a gun-carriage Is the wheel upon Under-foot Is expressed of an anchor that is di- which it runs. rectly under the ship.

Truck Around piece of wood put on the top of Under-sail When a ship is loosened from moor- flag staffs, with sheavesoneach side for the hal- ings, and is under the government of her sails and yards of the flags to reeve in. rudder.

Trunnions of a gun Are the arms, or pieces of Under way The same as UNDER SAIL. iron, by which it hangs on the carriage. Under the lee of the shore Is to be close under Trunnels Pieces of timber to fasten the plank to the shore which lies to windward of the ship. the timbers. Unfurl Cast loose the gasket of the sails. Truss Arope used to keep a yard close to the mast. To unmoor To reduce a ship to the state of riding at single anchor after she has been moored. Trying The situation in which a ship, in a tem- pest, lies-to in the trough or hollowofthe sea, To unreeve To drawrope from out of a block, particularly when the wind blows contrary to her thimble, &c. course. To unrig To deprive a ship of her rigging. Turning to windward That operation in sailing whereby a ship endeavours to advance against the Uvrou The piece of wood by which the legs of wind. the crow-foot are extended.

Van The foremost division of a fleet in one line. It Wake The path or track impressed on the water is likewise applied to the foremost ship of a divi- by the ship’spassing through it, leaving a smooth- sion. ness in the sea behind it. A ship is said to come into the wakeofanother when she follows her in Vane Asmall kind of flag worn at each mast the same track, and is chiefly done in bringing head. ships to, or in forming the line of battle.

To veer To change a ship’scourse from one tack Wales Are strong timbers that go round a ship a to the other,byturning her stern to windward. little above her water-line.

Veer Let out; as veer awaythe cable. Ware See TOVEER.

Veer Shift. The wind veers, that is, it shifts or Warp To warp a ship, is to drawher against the changes. wind, &c. by means of anchors and hawsers car- ried out. Viol, or Voyal Ablock through which the mes- senger passes in weighing, the anchor.Alarge Warp Ahawser,orsmall cable. messenger is called a viol. Water-line The line made by the water’sedge

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This document, and more, is available online at Martin's Marine Engineering Page - www.dieselduck.net Glossary of Nautical Terms (circa. 1814)

when a ship has her full proportion of stores, &c. ship, by adapting the sails, and managing the rud- on board. der,according to the course the ship lies to make.

Water-borne The state of a ship when there is To work to windward To makeaprogress barely a sufficient depth of water to float her off against the direction of the wind. from the ground. Would To would, is to bind round with ropes; as, Water-logged The state of a ship become heavy the mast is woulded. and inactive onthe sea, from the great quantity of water leaked into her. Weigh To haul up; as, weigh the anchor.

Water-tight The state of a ship when not leaky. Yawing The motion of a ship when she deviates from to the right or left. Weather To weather anything, is to go to wind- ward of it. Yards The timbers upon which the sails are spread. Weather-beaten Shattered by a storm. Yarn See ROPE YARN. Weather-bit Aturn of the cable about the end of the windlass.

Weather-gage When a ship or fleet is to wind- ward of another,she is said to have the WEATH- ER-GAGE of her.

Weather-quarter That quarter of a ship which is on the windward

Weather-side The side upon which the wind blows.

To weigh anchor To heave upananchor from the bottom.

Whipping To bind twine round the ends of ropes, to hinder there from fagging out.

To wind a ship To change her position, bringing her head where her stern was.

Wind-rode When a ship is at anchor,and the wind, being against the tide, is so strong as to overcome its power,and keep the ship to leeward of her anchor,she is said to be WIND-RODE.

Wind’seye The point from which the wind blows.

To windward To wards that part of the horizon from which the the wind blows.

Windward tide Atide that sets to windward.

To work a ship To direct the movements of a

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