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Dos Tubarões E Raias Dos Açores Sharks and Rays from the Azores an Illustrated Catalogue

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Dos Tubarões E Raias Dos Açores Sharks and Rays from the Azores an Illustrated Catalogue CATÁLOGO ILUSTRADO DOS TUBARÕES E RAIAS DOS AÇORES SHARKS AND RAYS FROM THE AZORES AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE João Pedro Barreiros & Otto Bismarck F. Gadig Catálogo Ilustrado dos Tubarões e Raias dos Açores Sharks and Rays from the Azores an illustrated catalogue Editor / Editor IAC-Instituto Açoriano de Cultura Autores / Authors João Pedro Barreiros Otto Bismarck F. Gadig Ilustrações / Illustrations João Pedro Barreiros Tradução / English version João Pedro Barreiros Design Ricardo Eirado Impressão / Print Sersilito - Maia Depósito Legal / Legal Deposit 337334/11 ISBN 978-989-8225-24-5 Tiragem / Circulation 1.000 CATÁLOGO ILUSTRADO DOS TUBARÕES E RAIAS DOS AÇORES SHARKS AND RAYS FROM THE AZORES AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE João Pedro Barreiros Otto Bismarck F. Gadig IAC-Instituto Açoriano de Cultura Angra do Heroísmo 2011 DEDICATÓRIA TO Ao Ricardo Santos por me ter aberto as portas da Ricardo Santos for his constant support in my ma- Biologia Marinha. rine biology career. JPB JPB À minha neta Ângela por ter multiplicado minha My grand daughter Ângela for having multiplied my expectativa de vida. life expectancy. OBFG OBFG AGRADECIMENTOS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Somos gratos a todas as pessoas que colaboraram, We are grateful to all those who collaborated, de forma directa ou indirecta, para a elaboração directly or indirectly, to bring this book to “life”, deste livro, principalmente às nossas famílias, especially to our families, friends, Azorean fishermen amigos, pescadores dos Açores e colegas que and colleagues that enthusiastically supported this incentivaram esta iniciativa e compreenderam initiative and understood that this kind of effort que o esforço direccionado a este tipo de trabalho implies long absences and shorter parties. To the muitas vezes resulta em privações do convívio. À Universidade dos Açores, IMAR, CITA-A, Azorean Universidade dos Açores, IMAR, CITA-A, Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade Estadual Pau- Biodiversity Group e à Universidade Estadual Pau- lista, the institutions in which we work and to whom lista, as instituições para as quais trabalhamos e we dedicate our strongest efforts. dedicamos o nosso esforço. ANIMAIS MARAVILHOSOS! WONDERFUL ANIMALS! PREFÁCIO FOREWORD “Tubarões! disse Kumar pensativo. — Animais maravilhosos, simplesmente maravilhosos. Eu queria ter aqui alguns. Tornariam os mergulhos muito mais excitantes.” “Sharks! said a circumspective Kumar. — Marvelous, simply marvelous animals. How I would love to have some of them here with me. They sure would turn diving into something much more exciting.” Em “As Canções da Terra Distante” de Arthur C. In “The Songs of Distant Earth” by Arthur C. Clarke, Clarke, cuja trama se passa num planeta longín- whose action is passed in a far away planet, one of quo, um dos seus heróis queixava-se por o seu his heroes is complaining because of the absence of mar não ter tubarões como na Terra. sharks in this sea as they exist on Earth. É muito difícil, instintivamente, gostar de animais It is obviously difficult to feel an instinctive love com tantos e pontiagudos dentes, dispostos num for animals with so many sharp teeth disposed in aparente sorriso mortal. Ainda por cima, nalgu- an apparent fatal smile. Besides, in some species, mas espécies, essa dentição é acompanhada por these ferocious teeth are connected to incredible uma enorme destreza, uma voracidade ímpar e agility, unique voracity and big size. Sharks, at a dimensões elevadas. Os tubarões, à partida, não start, are not part of the best that nature has to fazem parte do melhor do mundo natural para offer each one of us. cada um de nós. However, if we do think that these animals are No entanto, se pensarmos que estes animais são essential to the trophic balance of aquatic ecosys- essenciais para o equilíbrio trófico dos ecossiste- tems, that they belong to one of the oldest groups mas aquáticos, são dos mais antigos organismos of marine organisms, that they possess extreme marinhos, têm uma complexidade de funciona- functional capacities and sensitivity we sure will mento e uma sensibilidade extremas, começamos, gradually change our way of thinking about them. progressivamente, a mudar de opinião. Ecologically speaking, sharks act as a kind of Em termos ecológicos, os tubarões actuam como health insurances for the well being of the Oceans autênticos médicos para a saúde dos Oceanos e and are surely great promoters of evolution. Take são grandes promotores da evolução. Senão re- this for example: When a shark attacks a school pare-se: quando um tubarão ataca um cardume of fish it will, most probably, catch first the sick irá, probabilisticamente, apanhar os indivíduos and inept specimens. In the first case they remove que estiverem doentes ou forem menos aptos. No from that school individuals potentially capable of 9 8 primeiro caso, livram o cardume de presas dos spreading disease. In the second case they are riding animais que poderiam propagar uma qualquer the population of its most inept individuals thus enfermidade. Já no segundo caso, estão a livrar a impeding the propagation of “bad quality” genes. população dos seus efectivos menos aptos e, por- tanto, a impedir a transmissão desses genes de Now may I add that sharks of the World are also “má qualidade”. contributing for the availability of fish protein, used in several gastronomic delicacies from the dogfish Agora, acrescentemos que são também os tuba- bouillabaisse to the unfortunate shark fin soup, rões do mundo que contribuem para o forneci- responsible for one of the most ruthless slaughters mento de proteína ictia, utilizados em inúmeros ever perpetrated by humans against animals. pratos gastronómicos desde a caldeirada de cação até à famigerada sopa de barbatana de tubarão, So, we are indeed before a group of animals that is responsável por uma das maiores mortandades interesting, respectable, useful and usable. I might de que é culpada a humanidade. add that, due to the irresponsibility of some and ignorance of others, sharks are highly endangered Portanto, estamos perante um grupo de animais worldwide. It is indeed quite urgent to act in order que é interessante, respeitável, útil e utilizado. to assure that these fantastic fish will continue to Acrescento que, por irresponsabilidade de uns e patrol our seas. ignorância de outros, os tubarões estão em grande perigo a nível mundial. É urgente agir para que estes It will also be trough guides like this one that fantásticos peixes possam continuar a patrulhar os now reaches your hands that knowledge about the nossos mares. sharks that occur in the Azores Archipelago can be obtained. Knowledge and culture are the first steps Será também através de guias como o que agora in order to achieve sensibility, create involvement, tem nas suas mãos que poderá adquirir conhe- demand actions and finally, to actively participate cimento sobre as espécies de tubarões que se in the solution. All sharks of the world need help. encontram no Arquipélago dos Açores. O conhe- Please act! n cimento e a cultura são os primeiros passos para ganhar sensibilidade, criar envolvimento, exigir ac- ção e, finalmente, participar na solução. Os tubarões dos mares do mundo precisam de ajuda. Actue! n MSc Frederico Cardigos, Biólogo Marinho/Marine Biologist APRESENTAÇÃO PRESENTATION APRESENTAÇÃO PRESENTATION O propósito principal deste livro é oferecer um guia para identificação dos tubarões, raias e quimeras já registados nas ilhas que formam o Arquipélago dos Açores. The main goal of this book is to offer an identification/field guide of the sharks, rays and chimaeras already registered within the Azores Archipelago. Não é um livro definitivo, nem tem essa pretensão. It is, by no means, a definitive book nor do we have Foi elaborado para que possa ser utilizado por such a pretension. It was written to be used by pesquisadores, professores universitários, estu- researchers, university professors, teachers, students dantes de biologia, oceanografia, pescas, mergu- of marine biology, oceanography, fisheries as well lhadores, pescadores e demais pessoas ligadas ao as divers, fishermen and all those who might be mar bem para todos aqueles que simpatizam com fond of the sea and would like to learn a little more a vida marinha e gostariam de saber mais sobre about these magnificent animals. estes magníficos animais. The information you are about to get come from the As informações aqui apresentadas são tiradas da Professional experience of the authors and from the experiência prática dos autores no estudo destes literature produced by many outstanding researchers “peixes” e, principalmente, na literatura produzida from all over the World, especially from European por muitos investigadores de alto gabarito espa- colleagues, namely Portuguese. lhados pelo mundo fora, especialmente os colegas europeus, com especial referência aos portugueses. The main diagnostic characteristics for identifying orders, families, genera and species of Azorean São apresentadas as características diagnosticantes sharks, rays and chimaeras are presented. For para identificação das ordens, famílias, géneros e each species the reader will find an illustration, espécies de tubarões, raias e quimeras dos Açores. the scientific name as well as most used common Para cada espécie aqui tratada é apresentada uma names in the Azores and in English language. We ilustração básica, o nome científico, os nomes co- also present information morphology with addi- muns mais utilizados nos Açores e em língua in- tional taxonomic details whenever useful and/or
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