DOCSLIB.ORG

Development of Ozone-Based Processes for Decontamination of Fresh Produce to Enhance Safety and Extend Shelflife Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Development of Ozone-Based Processes for Decontamination of Fresh Produce to Enhance Safety and Extend Shelflife Dissertation DEVELOPMENT OF OZONE-BASED PROCESSES FOR DECONTAMINATION OF FRESH PRODUCE TO ENHANCE SAFETY AND EXTEND SHELFLIFE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mustafa Vurma, M. S. ***** The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Ahmed E. Yousef, Adviser Approved by Dr. Sheryl Barringer Dr. V. M. Balasubramaniam _____________________________ Adviser Dr. Luis Rodriguez-Saona Food Science and Technology Graduate Program ABSTRACT Although good agricultural practices (GAP) and good handling practices (GHP) may reduce the incidence of pathogens in fresh produce, there is no known defense against contamination due to wildlife or surface water. Additionally, current strategies designed to minimize the risk of contamination during post-harvest operations of fresh leafy greens are not completely effective. Contaminations of fresh fruits with spoilage microorganisms also create economical losses by decreasing products shelflife. Therefore, it is necessary to develop sound mitigation strategies to minimize the health hazards associated with fresh produce. The main objectives of the current study are to (i) enhance the safety of fresh produce in general, and baby spinach in particular, by integrating ozone-based sanitization steps into existing processing practices, while targeting Escherichia coli O157:H7 as the pathogen of concern, and (ii) to assess the feasibility of using ozone, carbon dioxide or their combinations, for reducing natural microbiota, and extending the shelf-life of strawberries. A pilot-scale system has been successfully assembled that allows vacuum cooling and ozone treatment of fresh produce simultaneously. Combinations of vacuum cooling and ozonation (SanVac) successfully inactivated up to 2.4 log E. coli O157:H7 CFU/g spinach. Contribution of important treatment variables (ozone concentration, ii pressure and treatment time) to process lethality was also investigated using response- surface methodology. Parameters for the optimized SanVac process are of 1.5 g O3/kg gas-mix (935 ppm, vol/vol), 10 psig holding pressure, and 30 min holding time; these conditions achieve 1.8 log inactivation against E. coli O157:H7 with no apparent damage to quality of baby spinach. A long-term, low-ozone process was also developed to treat fresh produce during transportation or temporary refrigerated storage. This treatment, termed “SanTrans”, involves sparging moist gaseous ozone at 16 mg/kg (10 ppm, vol/vol) for up to 3 days. The process inactivated up to 1.4 log E. coli CFU/g spinach, and the optimum process resulted in 1.0 log inactivation with minimal effect on product quality. In order to maximize inactivation on E. coli O157:H7, contaminated spinach was sequentially subjected to optimized SanVac (at 1.5 g/kg for 30 min and 10 psig) and SanTrans (at 16 mg/kg) processes, using freshly-harvested, unprocessed spinach that was shipped directly from California fields. These sequential treatments inactivated 4.1 to ≥5.0 log E. coli O157:H7, depending on the treatment time. Inoculated and vacuum-cooled spinach was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. It was apparent that vacuum-cooled leaves often contained bacterial cells throughout the intercellular spaces, compared with the non-vacuum cooled leaves. An ozone-based treatment system was designed and constructed to enhance the storage life of fresh strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa). The O3/CO2 combination treatments showed synergistic effect in delaying mold growth and quality deterioration of the strawberries. When samples were treated with O3/CO2 for 4 h and stored at 4°C, the initiation of visual mold appearance was delayed until the 16th day of storage; an 8-day iii shelflife extension, compared to untreated samples. These novel technologies are promising alternatives to conventional processes and should enhance the safety and extend the shelflife of fresh fruits and vegetables. Additionally, the new treatments should be relatively easy to integrate into existing fresh produce processes and practices. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Ahmed E. Yousef for his outstanding guidance, support, encouragement, and enthusiasm during my graduate studies. As a scientist and a great person, he has taught me many lessons. I am so grateful for the wonderful opportunity to work with him. I would also like to thank Dr. Sudhir Sastry for providing excellent collaboration and guidance. I would like to thank Dr. Sheryl Barringer, Dr. V.M. Balasubramaniam, and Dr. Luis Rodriguez-Saona for serving on my committee and for their helpful guidance. Throughout the study, I received exceptional collaboration from a number of people. I would like to thank all the current and past members of the Food Safety Research Laboratory; Dr. Abdullatif Tay, Dr. Yoon-Kyung Chung, Dr. Kim Jin Gab, Dr. Mohammed Khadre, Dr. Luis Rodriguez-Romo, Dr. Joy Waite, Joe Jones, Jenifer Perry, Amrish Chawla, and Yuan Yan for their friendship, cooperation, advice, criticism, and suggestions. I would especially like to thank my wife Nurdan, for her intellectual advice, assistance, and endless patience; my son Arın Ozan for his love, and never-ending energy, and my parents for all their love and support. I also would like to thank DuPont Enterprise and Fresh Express Inc. for their financial support and the Food Science and Technology Department for providing me the opportunity to pursue my Ph.D. degree at The Ohio State University. v VITA March 30, 1972……………………………………….. Born, Tarsus, Turkey 1995…………………….........................................……B.Eng. Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University 2004……………………………………………….……M.S. Food Science and Nutrition, The Ohio State University 2005…………………………………………………….Optional Practical Trainee, Kraft Foods R&D 2005-2009………………………………………………Graduate Research Associate, The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS 1. Rodriguez-Romo, L.A., Vurma, M., Lee, K., and Yousef, A.E. 2007. Penetration of ozone gas across the shell of hen eggs. Ozone: Science and Engineering 29: 1-4. 2. Vurma, M.., Chung, Y.K., Shellhammer, T.H., Turek, E.J., and Yousef, A.E. 2006. Use of phenolic compounds for sensitizing Listeria monocytogenes to high-pressure processing. International Journal of Food Microbiology 106: 263-269. 3. Chung, Y.K., Vurma, M., Turek, E.J., Chism, G.W., and Yousef, A.E. 2005. Inactivation of barotolerant Listeria monocytogenes in sausage by combinations of high-pressure processing and food-grade additives. Journal of Food Protection 68: 744-750. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Food Science and Technology vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract......................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgments......................................................................................................v Vita.............................................................................................................................vi List of Tables .............................................................................................................ix List of Figures............................................................................................................xi Chapters: 1. Literature Review.................................................................................................1 Introduction ...................................................................................................1 Ozone chemistry and physics.........................................................................2 Ozone production...........................................................................................8 Ozone measurement.......................................................................................9 Antimicrobial properties of ozone .................................................................11 Ozone and food applications..........................................................................18 Selected food applications .............................................................................21 Combination treatments.................................................................................29 Limitations, safety considerations, and regulatory status ..............................33 Fresh produce and microbial food safety.......................................................35 Conclusions....................................................................................................42 References......................................................................................................43 2. Development of sanitization technologies to integrate gaseous ozone treatments into fresh produce vacuum cooling operations ..................................71 Abstract..........................................................................................................71 Introduction....................................................................................................72 vii Materials and methods ...................................................................................75 Results and discussion...................................................................................82 References......................................................................................................90 3. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and natural microbiota on spinach leaves using gaseous ozone
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Asset Lifecycle Management
    asset lifecycle management Managing the lifecycle of your water treatment equipment summary SUEZ AT OUR A GLANCE VISION key facts for your site’s & figures performance OUR DETAILED OUR OFFER EXPERTISE REFERENCES for assets’ our expertise throughout lifecycle in details the world management SUEZ at a glance who we are we are 84,000 employees providing our customers (industries, local authorities and consumers), partners and stakeholders, all over the world, with concrete solutions to address new resource management challenges 4 I Asset Lifecycle Management key figures billion € total revenues 15.3 in 2016 industrial and business 400,000 customers million € in research and 74 development employees 83,921 worldwide countries where 70 SUEZ is present 5 I Asset Lifecycle Management a world leader in water & waste resources management for industry wastewater treatment plants million tonnes 2,200 built for industrial customers 1.5 of soil decontaminated industrial sites equipped secondary raw material 5,000 with a water systems 350 production facilities process water production plants hazardous waste 1,800 built for industrial customers 9 incineration units Mt industrial and commercial 14 waste collected incinerators for 46 non-hazardous waste 6 I Asset Lifecycle Management our vision for your site’s performance water management is critical to guarantee increase manage the quality your financial your environmental of your production performance footprint 8 I Asset Lifecycle Management … and should adapt to your production cycle o water and wastewater
    [Show full text]
  • Bernhard Paolini Affiliation: SUEZ Environment (Ozonia)
    Speaker Name: Bernhard Paolini Affiliation: SUEZ Environment (Ozonia) and Chairman of EurO3zon Coauthors: Dr. Tim Pühmeier, Xylem Services GmbH (WEDECO); Dr. Jörg Mielcke, Xylem Services GmbH (WEDECO); Dr. Matthias Rothe, ProMinent; Dr. Matthias Hoffmann, BWT; Dr. Jaak Ryckeboer, Ensus Consulting BVBA Abstract Title: A tour through the European Regulations for ozone treatment Abstract: Historically ozone has been applied in 1000s of different applications starting from early as 1904. The key drivers were based on science and applied research. Overall ozone has become a conventional treatment technology for drinking water, waste water and industrial water processes. In several countries ozone has been reflected as treatment option local laws and regulations. Today, in the European Union, users of ozone must consider additional legal requirements for the production and use of ozone. There are two key legislative acts that need to be considered, based on the ozone application. This is: • European Union REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 for oxidation processes • European Union Biocides Regulation (EC) No 528/2012 for disinfection processes In the cases of oxidative ozone treatment The REACH regulation has been implemented to improve the protection of human health and the environment from the risks that can be posed by chemicals, while enhancing the competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry. REACH is actually a very complex law that entered into force on 1st of June 2007. In the original scope manufacturers and importers have been addressed as main parties being required to gather information on the properties of the particular substances in order to allow their safe handling. All required data has to be entered into a central database of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) in Helsinki.
    [Show full text]
  • Flint Water Treatment Plant Improvements Plan January 30, 2017
    CITY OF FLINT, MICHIGAN Flint Water Treatment Plant Improvements Plan January 30, 2017 FINAL REPORT Flint Water Treatment Plant Improvements Plan City of Flint, Michigan January 30, 2017 Table of Contents Section 1 Executive Summary .......................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Summary of Alternatives and Recommended Improvements .............................................................. 1-2 1.2 Recommended Project Delivery Approach and Schedule....................................................................... 1-7 1.3 Remaining Work ....................................................................................................................................................... 1-8 Section 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Work Completed To-Date ..................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Work Remaining ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.4 Organization of this Report .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CA-Nov14-Doc.4.1.A
    To whom it may concern Dear Madam/Sir, Resulting from the awareness about the impacts and the requirements to create an active substance dossier and for securing their business, four totally independent ozone equipment manufacturers have joined forces, which resulted in the foundation of the “Ozone Registration Group” (ORG). The members of the ORG are: Ozonia, Degrémont Technologies AG, hereinafter referred to as “Ozonia”, Xylem/Wedeco, Xylem Europe GmbH, hereinafter referred to as “Xylem”, ProMinent Dosiertechnik GmbH, hereinafter referred to as “ProMinent”, BWT Wassertechnik GmbH, hereinafter referred to as “BWT” The members of the ORG represent the largest fraction of the European and even global ozone markets. The global market share of all members altogether is approximately 75%. Ozone generation The technical predominant applied and dominating technologies are ozone generation from oxygen (always and only) contained in gas or in water. Two widely used methods to generate ozone from oxygen in gas are: (1) the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)1 (mostly used), and (2) UV irradiation. Ozone can also be generated from oxygen in water using electrolysis. More information about the different ozone generation processes can be found in Annex to this letter. Ozone AS dossier of the ORG The ORG plans to submit the Ozone AS dossier in early 2015 and is also in the process of offering Letter of Access to all ozone equipment manufacturers and/or operators, in any case, before September 2015. The following PT-groups are covered in the AS dossier of the ORG: PTs 2, 4, 5 and 11. This pre- selection of PTs made by the ORG represents the majority and most relevant ozone applications, as summarized in table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Ozonia and Aquasource Can Offer a Wide Range of Solutions for Municipal Applications
    APPLICATION BROCHURE: AQUASOURCE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT MUNICIPAL DRINKING WATER WHY DO WE NEED TO TREAT DRINKING WATER? Drinking water is treated to kill or inactivate any pathogenic micro-organisms such as viruses, bacteria and parasites, to remove inorganic and organic trace contaminants which have found their way into the water system because of pollution and to reduce the naturally occurring organic compounds such as humic acid and algal metabolites. In general, surface waters such as lakes and rivers contain higher levels of micro-organisms and are more prone to contamination than groundwater and require different treatment regimes. To reduce the risk to consumers, more and more countries are introducing new drinking water regulations containing stricter limits on pathogens and contaminants. OUR SOLUTION TO YOUR PROBLEM Because of their comprehensive portfolio, Ozonia and Aquasource can offer a wide range of solutions for municipal applications. The Degrémont Technologies’ products have been designed so that they can be integrated into all types of treatment steps with the minimum amount of work and time. Equipment technologies include a large spectrum of Ultrafiltration membranes, UV reactors and ozone generators. Depending on the application in question, Ozonia and Aquasource can supply either a single technology or adopt a multi-process approach to achieve the desired result. MEMBRANES OZONE Ultrafiltration is a major step forward for Ozone has been used by municipal bodies municipalities concerned about: for many years to improve the organoleptic • Offering water of constant quality regardless qualities of water and for its germicidal action. of the quality and turbidity variations of Ozone has many additional benefits in the the source water.
    [Show full text]
  • Micropollutants, Anticipating Future
    micropollutants anticipating future challenges Origines could be multiple, one-off, diffuse… Micropollutants arrive in the natural environment mainly through municipal or industrial wastewater, agriculture, hospital activity, transport and machinery, micropollutants, direct emissions and atmospheric fallout. an environmental challenge... The change in our consumption patterns is leading to the appearance of new pollutants in water. Called “micropollutants”, these emerging pollutants are found in very low concentrations, by the micro or nanogram per litre. Even at trace levels, they are becoming a hot topic for local authorities and industries in the protection of receiving environments. The progress in the field of laboratory micropollutants by wastewater testing increasingly highlights treatment plants, controls on the presence of micropollutants outflows of micropollutants have 65 in the aquatic environment. They been mandatory since 2011 for million molecules* are recorded in encompass tens of thousands, or wastewater treatment plants with the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) perhaps even hundreds of thousands a capacity of more than 100,000 database. of molecules likely to have direct or population equivalent (PE) and since * end of January 2012 indirect potentially chronic effects 2012 for those with a capacity of Major families of micropollutants on ecosystems, even at very low more than 10,000 PE. • mineral micropollutants such as metals and metalloids, radioactive elements: concentrations. lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, antimony,
    [Show full text]
  • Ozone and Related Oxidants for Water Treatment
    IIINNNTTTEEERRRNNNAAATTTIIIOOONNNAAALLL OOOZZZOOONNNEEE AAASSSSSSOOOCCCIIIAAATTTIIIOOONNN EEEuuurrrooopppeeeaaannn AAAfffrrriiicccaaannn AAAsssiiiaaannn AAAuuussstttrrraaalllaaasssiiiaannn GGGrrrooouuuppp and Ozone and Related Oxidants for Water Treatment December 2 – 3, 2013 Shanghai, China Programme and Book of Abstracts With the support of WELCOME ADDRESS The European African Asian Australasian Group of the International Ozone Association is organizing an International Conference entitled Ozone and Related Oxidants for Water Treatment in Shanghai, China. This event continues a long series of successful conferences organised worldwide to provide an international forum for all concerned with fundamental, engineering and applied aspects of oxidation technologies involving ozone and related oxidants. IOA-EA3G Shanghai 2013, organised in cooperation with Tongji University is a unique opportunity to enhance your knowledge about the potentialities offered by ozone and related oxidants in all fields of the water treatment in relation with the current and next challenges. Scope and objectives The earth's water supply remains constant, but man is capable of altering the cycle of that fixed supply. Population increases, rising living standards, food consumption and industrial and economic growth place greater demands on our natural environment. Human overuse of water resources and contamination of freshwater are stressing the water resources in the terrestrial water cycle. Our activities affect the quantity and quality of natural water resources available to current and future generations. Health risks associated with contaminated water and wastewater, continuous degradation of aquatic environment and water scarcity issues are contributing to the growth of the use of advanced technologies for water treatment. This event will provide an overview of the current state of knowledge and latest advances regarding the use of Ozone and Related Oxidants for providing solutions to meet this goal and contribute to a sustainable water management.
    [Show full text]
  • Ozone Treatments for Preserving Fresh Vegetables Quality: a Critical Review
    foods Review Ozone Treatments for Preserving Fresh Vegetables Quality: A Critical Review Elodie Sarron , Pascale Gadonna-Widehem and Thierry Aussenac * Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France; [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (P.G.-W.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-0344062500 Abstract: Ozone is recognized as an antimicrobial agent for vegetables storage, washing, and processing. This strong disinfectant is now being used in the food industry. In this review, the chemical and physical properties of ozone, its generation, and factors affecting ozone processing efficiency were explained as well as recent regulatory developments in the food industry. By then selecting three vegetables, we show that ozone avoids and controls biological growth on vegetables, keeping their attractive appearance and sensorial qualities, assuring nutritional characteristics’ retention and maintaining and increasing the shelf-life. In liquid solution, ozone can be used to disinfect processing water and vegetables, and in gaseous form, ozone helps to sanitize and preserve vegetables during storage. The multifunctionality of ozone makes it a promising food processing agent. However, if ozone is improperly used, it causes some deleterious effects on products, such as losses in their sensory quality. For an effective and a safe use of ozone, specific treatment conditions should be determined for all kinds of vegetables. In a last step, we propose highlighting the different essential characteristics of ozone treatment in order to internationally harmonize the data relating to Citation: Sarron, E.; the treatments carried-out. Gadonna-Widehem, P.; Aussenac, T. Ozone Treatments for Preserving Keywords: ozone; food preservation; fresh vegetables; food industry; food quality; food safety; Fresh Vegetables Quality: A Critical microorganisms; shelf-life Review.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Ozone Disinfection for Edc Removal
    WEFTEC®.06 USING OZONE DISINFECTION FOR EDC REMOVAL Douglas D. Drury1, Shane A. Snyder2, and Eric C. Wert2 1Clark County Water Reclamation District 5857 E. Flamingo Road Las Vegas, Nevada 89122 2Southern Nevada Water Authority 1350 Richard Bunker Ave. Henderson, Nevada 89015 ABSTRACT Clark County Water Reclamation District (CCWRD) serves the suburban area in and around the city of Las Vegas. The Las Vegas Valley is served by three treatment plants, which all discharge to the Las Vegas Wash. The wash empties into the Las Vegas Bay of Lake Mead. Lake Mead is also the source of drinking water for the Las Vegas Valley. In 1996 USGS reported symptoms of estrogen exposure in carp captured in the Las Vegas Bay of Lake Mead. Since this initial report, additional studies of Lake Mead have shown that trace concentrations of pharmaceuticals, steroids, and personal care products do reach the lake via the Las Vegas Wash. Ozone has been shown to be an effective means of oxidizing trace organic contaminants while providing exemplary disinfection. The Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) employs ozone disinfection at 900 MGD capacity to serve the drinking water needs of the Las Vegas valley. CCWRD partnered with SNWA to investigate the applicability of ozone to filtered secondary effluent for both disinfection and contaminant oxidation. Both static and flow-through bench scale ozone systems were used to determine the ozone demand and dose using the filtered secondary effluent. The continuous flow system was used to evaluate disinfection and contaminant oxidation at three ozone doses ranging from 3-8 mg/L.
    [Show full text]
  • Ozone Treatment Targeting Pharmaceutical Residues
    Linköping University | Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Master thesis, 30 ECTS | Industrial biotechnology and production Autumn term 2018 | LITH-IFM-A-EX--18/3589--SE Ozone Treatment Targeting Pharmaceutical Residues Validation and Process Control in a Wastewater Treatment Plant Erik Fornander Duration: Aug 2018 – Jan 2019 Location: Nykvarnsverket, Linköping Examiner: Carl-Fredrik Mandenius Supervisors Tekniska verken AB: Robert Sehlén Linköping University: Gunnar Hörnsten Linköpings universitet SE-581 83 Linköping 013-28 10 00, www.liu.se Avdelning, institution Datum Division, Department Date 2019-01-15 Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linköping University Språk Rapporttyp ISBN Language Report category Svenska/Swedish Licentiatavhandling ISRN: LITH-IFM-A-EX--18/3589--SE Engelska/English Examensarbete _________________________________________________________________ C-uppsats Serietitel och serienummer ISSN D-uppsats Title of series, numbering ______________________________ Övrig rapport ________________ _____________ URL för elektronisk version Titel Title Ozone treatment targeting pharmaceutical residues Validation and process control in a wastewater treatment plant Författare Author Erik Fornander Sammanfattning Abstract Major studies conducted in Europe and North America has concluded that the current processes in wastewater treatment plants insufficiently degrade micropollutants e.g. pharmaceutical residues. Several sorption and oxidation methods has therefore been investigated with the purpose of removing or degrading micropollutants in wastewater. The main purpose of this project was, firstly, to validate the results from a pilot study conducted by Tekniska verken i Linköping AB (2014) which investigated the use of ozone to degrade pharmaceutical residues. Secondly, to investigate and design a suitable process control strategy for the ozonation process. Four different tests were conducted during the project, a dose-response test, step-response tests, a trace test, and a performance test.
    [Show full text]
  • AOP Brochure V2 COD V3.Indd
    AOP ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES OZONIA | 1 APPLICATIONS BE RADICAL... FOR THE ENVIRONMENT Prospect of a sustainable water management Water is a unique resource that cannot be substituted by alternatives, it requires care and conservation. Unfortunately, from the deterioration of our natural water THE ULTIMATE reserves to its intensive use for industrial purposes, water is subject to ever increasing pressures that affect its quality and the equilibrium of our ecosystem. SOLUTION FOR For over 20 years Ozonia has been improving water quality by developing ultra-effi cient “green” technologies for all applications involving oxidation and POLLUTANTS disinfection processes. REMOVAL Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) State-of-the-art AOP systems developed by Ozonia use or combine three proven treatment technologies (Ozone, UV, Hydrogen Peroxide) to create hydroxyl radicals, the ultimate oxidant for elimination of organic pollutants. AOP combinations provided by Ozonia include: • O3 • O3 / UV • O3 / H2O2 • UV / H2O2 • UV / O3 / H2O2 MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WATER MANAGEMENT Limit the pollution discharge into the environment Due to industrial and demographic pressures, the use of AOP’s in water treatment is expanding for a number of critical uses including the oxidation or removal of: • Industrial chemicals • Pharmaceuticals • Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDC’s) • Personal Care Products (PCP’s) • Pesticides • Toxic compounds • Odor, color and taste • Pathogens • Persistent organic matter Urban waste waters are increasingly contaminated with organic substances such as biocides, endocrine disruptors (EDC’s), personal care products (PCP’s), pharmaceutical products, fuel additives, and other emerging contaminants. These contaminants are known threat for aquatic ecosystems and human health and have become a major issue for water utilities around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Ozonia® Ozone Systems
    ozonia® range ozone systems applications • disinfection • oxidation • advanced oxidation (AOP) 1 ozone advantages strongest oxidizing agent on the market ® • lower dose requirements • very short contact time ozonia • can be used at many points in the treatment line ozone systems nonspecific oxidation The Purification and Disinfection With three R&D centers and four removes a wide variety Systems business group is the manufacturing facilities in North SUEZ global supplier of ozone, UV America, Europe and China, SUEZ of molecules • micropolluants and membrane systems. From our can deliver to any customer’s • microorganisms company’s roots in Switzerland, specifications. ozonia® products have been the ozone • bacteria and viruses industry pioneer for over 25 years. Trust SUEZ to deliver the highest • algae and cyanobacteria SUEZ has thousands of ozonia® ozone quality ozone, UV and membrane • colour, taste and odour installations, including some of the technology solutions to meet even the world’s largest oxidation systems. most difficult treatment challenges. ozone is chemical free • ozone technology does not add chemicals to water or air • environmentally friendly green where can it be applied? technology Ozone has many advantages over other oxidants. These advantages are ozone dissolves naturally the reason why ozone technology is the into oxygen high-quality process standard for • inherently safe after natural decay many applications. • no harmful residuals • increased filter velocites municipal • control of THM • drinking water • wastewater
    [Show full text]