2019-2020 Mcnair Academic Journal
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MCNAIR SCHOLARS PROGRAM F A L L 2 0 1 9 ACADEMIC JOURNAL 2 Table of Contents Article #1 - Uncharted Waters: A Look at Comorbid Diabetes and Neoplasia ............... 5 Sarah Austin Jessica Price, MSN & Dr. Charlotte Webb, Faculty Mentor Article #2 - Empty or Full: A Survey of McMinn County’s Food Pantries’ and Their Abilities to Meet Nutritional Standards ........................................................................... 27 Alanis Burton Dr. Ben Christmann, Faculty Mentor Article #3 - The Psychosocial Effects of Social Media .................................................... 43 Jhenny Hillery-Collier Dr. Michael Sturgeon, Faculty Mentor Article #4 - Ayuda en el Camino de la Muerte: Benevolence, Evangelical Churches, and the Caravan of Migrants ................................ 60 Elijah Cox Dr. Arlie Tagayuna , Faculty Mentor Article #5 - Relationship Between Vestibular Dysfunction and Fatigue in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis .................................................................................................... 98 Alex Gann Graham Cochrane and Dr. Jennifer Christy, Faculty Mentor Article #6 - A Literature Review on the Benefits of Music Education: Beyond the Scope of Academics ......................................................................................................... 105 Ashley Garner Dr. Susanne Burgess, Faculty Mentor Article #7 - Characterization of TMEM67 Gene Variant Associated with Joubert Syndrome .......................................................................................................... 114 Alissa Jackson Dr. Jonathan Cornett, Faculty Mentor Article #8 - An Examination of Presidential Rhetoric Theory ....................................... 124 Brandyn Kirby Dr. Mark Scully, Faculty Mentor Article #9 - Factors Influencing College Retention Rate for First Generation College Students: A Literature Review ....................................................................................... 132 Desiree LaPeer Dr. Ruthic Wienk, Faculty Mentor 3 Article #10 - Book Banning in Schools: Are Students Suffering in Silence? ................ 143 Sierra Ledford Dr. Kevin Brown, Faculty Mentor Article #11 - Hashtag Thriving: Religious in Congruence to Flourishing ..................... 158 Heather Mellis Dr. Bryan Poole, Faculty Mentor Article #12 - Humility and Darkness: Self-Knowledge in Walter Hilton’s The Scale of Perfection ....................................................................... 171 Garret Mikulka Dr. Chad Schrock, Faculty Mentor Article #13 – Teachers’ Perceptions of Trauma ........................................................... 188 Chanmony Miller Dr. Kimberly Moffett, Faculty Mentor Article #14 - Objectification, Orientalism, and Orthodoxy: Hypatia in Modern Centuries ........................................................................................ 220 Kaitlyn Morrison Dr. Aaron Johnson, Faculty Mentor Article #15 - Why Johnny Doesn’t Write ..................................................................... 234 Brittney Perez Dr. Donna Summerlin, Faculty Mentor Article #16 - Quest for the Mathematically Ideal Font Using Principal Component Analysis ...................................................................................... 246 Moises Ponce & Rachel Wood Dr. Jason Schmurr Dr. Richard Moy, Faculty Mentor Article #17 - Establishing Criteria for the Orthodox, the Heterodox and the Heretical ........................................................................................................... 271 Tyler Price Dr. Christopher Stephenson, Faculty Mentor Article #18 - Lavender Oils Effect on Anxiety Levels in Zebrafish ............................. 285 Alyshia Smith Dr. Sherry Kasper, Faculty Mentor Article #19 - Biblical Literacy and Habits among the d/Deaf ...................................... 294 Kylie Sommer Dr. La-Juan Bradford, Faculty Mentor 4 Article #20 - A Balm for Friendship ............................................................................. 306 Reese Swistek Dr. Thomas Pope, Faculty Mentor Article #21 - Proving That a Prime Number in the Form 4n+1 Can Be Expressed as a Sum of Two Squares ............................................................................................ 313 Japheth Varlack Dr. Richard Moy, Faculty Mentor 5 McNair Scholars Research Journal Volume 3 Article 1 Fall 2019 Uncharted Waters: A Look at Comorbid Diabetes and Neoplasia Sarah Austin Jessica Price, MSN, BSN, RN2 Dr. Charlotte Webb, Faculty Mentor Lee University 6 Uncharted Waters: A Look at Comorbid Diabetes and Neoplasia 1 2 Sarah Austin , Jessica Price, MSN , and 3 Dr. Charlotte Webb,Faculty Mentor 1 Lee University Introduction and Background Diabetes mellitus is a health condition that effects the body in many ways and requires complex medical care to manage it. Diabetes mellitus becomes especially complex when a patient experiences other comorbid conditions, par-ticularly the comorbidity of neoplasia (cancer). Patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid cancer diagnoses are faced with many challenges in maintaining their blood sugar because the symptoms of cancer and cancer treatment on their body make it hard to manage their diabetic condition. Cancer patients and di-abetic patients are both immune compromised and live with cellular regulation imbalances (Giovannucci, et al., 2010; Giddens, 2016). The purpose of this investigation is to explore the relationship between comorbid type 2 diabetes and cancer and the impact that these comorbidities have on patient health. This goal is accomplished through a review of literature on diabetes and cancer, with the intention of discovering practical actions that benefit patient disease-management, and by identifying barriers to effective medical treatment. The solutions found in the literature review are being compared to the absence of those solutions in patient care. The outcome will be a concise report on current effective care practices for these patients. This study is taking place over a four-month time period. Both populations of patients, those with cancer and those with type 2 di-abetes, deal with increased inflammation { for diabetic patient's inflammation is related to their chronic condition and for cancer patient's inflammation is related to the cancer treatment they receive to eliminate the malignant neo-plasm (Giovannucci, et al., 2010). Patients receiving treatment for cancer lose their appetite or may be nauseated and refuse to eat, which can cause issues with blood glucose control. These patients may also have increased inflamma-tion related to radiation treatment, which makes maintaining blood sugar levels even more complicated (Giovannucci, et al., 2010). According to Davis, et al.,(2018) education related to the management of type 2 diabetes would empower 7 patients to manage their chronic illness while fighting cancer. Benefits of edu- cating nursing staff, patients, and caregivers include improved health outcomes for patients who are able to effectively manage their diabetes, and reduced anx- iety for patients and caregivers related to fewer diabetes related hospital visits (Irizarry, et al., 2013). Key Concepts Cellular regulation is the phrase used to describe all the operations accom- plished in a cell to preserve homeostasis within the body. Some regulating actions of the cell include its ability to receive signals from outside itself, in the form of hormones, neurotransmitters, and cytokines, and the cell's efficacy in responding to those signals. Cells also use food and water to create energy for the body in various forms and use energy to complete other tasks for the body. Cellular regulation also involves cell reproduction, growth, multiplication, and specialization. These actions of cellular regulation are what promotes healing and balance in the body, so that damaged or dead cells can be removed and replaced. Neoplasm is a term used to describe a type of imbalance in cellular regulation, where abnormal actions and mutations in cell replication, division, and specialization can cause progressive abnormal tissue growth that is either benign or cancerous (malignant) (Giddens, 2016). The term immunity describes the mechanisms in the body that protect it from disease and allow individuals to be resistant to specific diseases. Appro- priate immune function involves the immune system protecting the body from pathogen invasion, noticing and removing mutated cells, and removing dead and damaged tissues. The immune system is made up of multiple organs, including the lymph nodes and vessels; it is also made up of many different types of cells and antibodies, including neutrophils, and immunoglobulins. Abnormal func- tion of the immune system involves an exaggerated immune response, which can be seen in patients with autoimmune diseases like diabetes mellitus, and a suppressed immune response which can be seen in patients with cancer who are being treated by immunosuppressive therapies (Giddens, 2016). Inflammation is the immunologic response of the body to cell damage, in- fection, or allergies. This inflammatory response can be protective and promote healing through the repair of cell injury, which is accomplished through a pro- cess that involves increased blood flow to the affected area, among other things. Inappropriate immune response, however, can cause damage to the body and exacerbate infections through an exaggerated inflammatory response that leads to more cell damage or through a muted inflammatory response which causes increased vulnerability to infection and chronic