NQE Release Overview RO–5237 3.3
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New CSC Computing Resources
New CSC computing resources Atte Sillanpää, Nino Runeberg CSC – IT Center for Science Ltd. Outline CSC at a glance New Kajaani Data Centre Finland’s new supercomputers – Sisu (Cray XC30) – Taito (HP cluster) CSC resources available for researchers CSC presentation 2 CSC’s Services Funet Services Computing Services Universities Application Services Polytechnics Ministries Data Services for Science and Culture Public sector Information Research centers Management Services Companies FUNET FUNET and Data services – Connections to all higher education institutions in Finland and for 37 state research institutes and other organizations – Network Services and Light paths – Network Security – Funet CERT – eduroam – wireless network roaming – Haka-identity Management – Campus Support – The NORDUnet network Data services – Digital Preservation and Data for Research Data for Research (TTA), National Digital Library (KDK) International collaboration via EU projects (EUDAT, APARSEN, ODE, SIM4RDM) – Database and information services Paituli: GIS service Nic.funet.fi – freely distributable files with FTP since 1990 CSC Stream Database administration services – Memory organizations (Finnish university and polytechnics libraries, Finnish National Audiovisual Archive, Finnish National Archives, Finnish National Gallery) 4 Current HPC System Environment Name Louhi Vuori Type Cray XT4/5 HP Cluster DOB 2007 2010 Nodes 1864 304 CPU Cores 10864 3648 Performance ~110 TFlop/s 34 TF Total memory ~11 TB 5 TB Interconnect Cray QDR IB SeaStar Fat tree 3D Torus CSC -
HP/NVIDIA Solutions for HPC Compute and Visualization
HP Update Bill Mannel VP/GM HPC & Big Data Business Unit Apollo Servers © Copyright 2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The most exciting shifts of our time are underway Security Mobility Cloud Big Data Time to revenue is critical Decisions Making IT critical Business needs must be rapid to business success happen anywhere Change is constant …for billion By 2020 billion 30 devices 8 people trillion GB million 40 data 10 mobile apps 2 © Copyright 2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. HP’s compute portfolio for better IT service delivery Software-defined and cloud-ready API HP OneView HP Helion OpenStack RESTful APIs WorkloadWorkload-optimized Optimized Mission-critical Virtualized &cloud Core business Big Data, HPC, SP environments workloads applications & web scalability Workloads HP HP HP Apollo HP HP ProLiant HP Integrity HP Integrity HP BladeSystem HP HP HP ProLiant SL Moonshot Family Cloudline scale-up blades & Superdome NonStop MicroServer ProLiant ML ProLiant DL Density and efficiency Lowest Cost Convergence Intelligence Availability to scale rapidly built to Scale for continuous business to accelerate IT service delivery to increase productivity Converged Converged network Converged management Converged storage Common modular HP Networking HP OneView HP StoreVirtual VSA architecture Global support and services | Best-in-class partnerships | ConvergedSystem 3 © Copyright 2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Hyperscale compute grows 10X faster than the total market HPC is a strategic growth market for HP Traditional Private Cloud HPC Service Provider $50 $40 36% $30 50+% $B $20 $10 $0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 4 © Copyright 2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. -
CRAY-2 Design Allows Many Types of Users to Solve Problems That Cannot Be Solved with Any Other Computers
Cray Research's mission is to lead in the development and marketingof high-performancesystems that make a unique contribution to the markets they serve. For close toa decade, Cray Research has been the industry leader in large-scale computer systems. Today, the majority of supercomputers installed worldwide are Cray systems. These systems are used In advanced research laboratories around the world and have gained strong acceptance in diverse industrial environments. No other manufacturer has Cray Research's breadth of success and experience in supercomputer development. The company's initial product, the GRAY-1 Computer System, was first installed in 1978. The CRAY-1 quickly established itself as the standard of value for large-scale computers and was soon recognized as the first commercially successful vector processor. For some time previously, the potential advantagee af vector processing had been understood, but effective Dractical imolementation had eluded com~uterarchitects. The CRAY-1 broke that barrier, and today vect~rization'techni~uesare used commonly by scientists and engineers in a widevariety of disciplines. With its significant innovations in architecture and technology, the GRAY-2 Computer System sets the standard for the next generation of supercomputers. The CRAY-2 design allows many types of users to solve problems that cannot be solved with any other computers. The GRAY-2 provides an order of magnitude increase in performanceaver the CRAY-1 at an attractive price/performance ratio. Introducing the CRAY-2 Computer System The CRAY-2 Computer System sets the standard for the next generation of supercomputers. It is characterized by a large Common Memory (256 million 64-bit words), four Background Processors, a clock cycle of 4.1 nanoseconds (4.1 billionths of a second) and liquid immersion cooling. -
Revolution: Greatest Hits
REVOLUTION: GREATEST HITS SHORT ON TIME? VISIT THESE OBJECTS INSIDE THE REVOLUTION EXHIBITION FOR A QUICK OVERVIEW REVOLUTION: PUNCHED CARDS REVOLUTION: BIRTH OF THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION: BIRTH OF THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION: REAL-TIME COMPUTING Hollerith Electric ENIAC, 1946 ENIGMA, ca. 1935 Raytheon Apollo Guidance Tabulating System, 1890 Used in World War II to calculate Few technologies were as Computer, 1966 This device helped the US gun trajectories, only a few piec- decisive in World War II as the This 70 lb. box, built using the government complete the 1890 es remain of this groundbreaking top-secret German encryption new technology of Integrated census in record time and, in American computing system. machine known as ENIGMA. Circuits (ICs), guided Apollo 11 the process, launched the use of ENIAC used 18,000 vacuum Breaking its code was a full-time astronauts to the Moon and back in July of 1969, the first manned punched cards in business. IBM tubes and took several days task for Allied code breakers who moon landing in human history. used the Hollerith system as the to program. invented remarkable comput- The AGC was a lifeline for the basis of its business machines. ing machines to help solve the astronauts throughout the eight ENIGMA riddle. day mission. REVOLUTION: MEMORY & STORAGE REVOLUTION: SUPERCOMPUTERS REVOLUTION: MINICOMPUTERS REVOLUTION: AI & ROBOTICS IBM RAMAC Disk Drive, 1956 Cray-1 Supercomputer, 1976 Kitchen Computer, 1969 SRI Shakey the Robot, 1969 Seeking a faster method of The stunning Cray-1 was the Made by Honeywell and sold by Shakey was the first robot that processing data than using fastest computer in the world. -
Supercomputing
DepartmentDepartment ofof DefenseDefense HighHigh PerformancePerformance ComputingComputing ModernizationModernization ProgramProgram Supercomputing:Supercomputing: CrayCray Henry,Henry, DirectorDirector HPCMP,HPCMP, PerformancePerformance44 May MayMeasuresMeasures 20042004 andand OpportunitiesOpportunities CrayCray J.J. HenryHenry AugustAugust 20042004 http://http://www.hpcmo.hpc.milwww.hpcmo.hpc.mil 20042004 HPECHPEC ConferenceConference PresentationPresentation OutlineOutline zz WhatWhat’sWhat’’ss NewNew inin thethe HPCMPHPCMP 00NewNew hardwarehardware 00HPCHPC SoftwareSoftware ApplicationApplication InstitutesInstitutes 00CapabilityCapability AllocationsAllocations 00OpenOpen ResearchResearch SystemsSystems 00OnOn-demand-demand ComputingComputing zz PerformancePerformance MeasuresMeasures -- HPCMPHPCMPHPCMP zz PerformancePerformance MeasuresMeasures –– ChallengesChallengesChallenges && OpportunitiesOpportunities HPCMPHPCMP CentersCenters 19931993 20042004 Legend MSRCs ADCs and DDCs TotalTotal HPCMHPCMPP EndEnd-of-Year-of-Year ComputationalComputational CapabilitiesCapabilities 80 MSRCs ADCs 120,000 70 13.1 MSRCs DCs 100,000 60 23,327 80,000 Over 400X Growth 50 s F Us 60,000 40 eak G HAB 12.1 P 21,759 30 59.3 40,000 77,676 5,86 0 20,000 4,393 30,770 20 2.6 21,946 1, 2 76 3,171 26.6 18 9 3 6 0 688 1, 16 8 2,280 8,03212 , 0 14 2.7 18 1 47 10 0 1,944 3,477 10 15.7 0 50 400 1,200 10.6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 0 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 Year Fiscal Year (TI-XX) HPCMPHPCMP SystemsSystems (MSRCs)(MSRCs)20042004 -
Cray Product Installation and Configuration
Cray Product Installation and Configuration Scott E. Grabow, Silicon Graphics, 655F Lone Oak Drive, Eagan, MN 55121, [email protected] ABSTRACT: The Common Installation Tool (CIT) has had a large impact upon the installation process for Cray software. The migration to CIT for installation has yielded a large number of questions about the methodology for installing new software via CIT. This document discusses the installation process with CIT and how CIT’s introduction has brought about changes to our installation process and documentation. 1 Introduction • Provide a complete replacement approach rather than an incremental software approach or a mods based release The Common Installation Tool (CIT) has made a dramatic change to the processes and manuals for installation of UNICOS • Provide a better way to ensure that relocatable and source and asynchronous products. This document is divided into four files match on site after an install major sections dealing with the changes and the impacts of the • Reduce the amount of time to do an install installation process. • Support single source upgrade option for all systems 2 Changes made between UNICOS 9.0 and Some customers have expressed that the UNICOS 9.0 instal- UNICOS 10.0/UNICOS/mk lation process is rather hard to understand initially due to the incremental software approach, the number of packages needed With the release of UNICOS 9.2 and UNICOS/mk the pack- to be loaded, and when these packages need to be installed. Part aging and installation of Cray software has undergone major of the problem was the UNICOS Installation Guide[1] did not changes when compared to the UNICOS 9.0 packaging and present a clear path as what should be performed during a installation process. -
Vector Vs. Scalar Processors: a Performance Comparison Using a Set of Computational Science Benchmarks
Vector vs. Scalar Processors: A Performance Comparison Using a Set of Computational Science Benchmarks Mike Ashworth, Ian J. Bush and Martyn F. Guest, Computational Science & Engineering Department, CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory ABSTRACT: Despite a significant decline in their popularity in the last decade vector processors are still with us, and manufacturers such as Cray and NEC are bringing new products to market. We have carried out a performance comparison of three full-scale applications, the first, SBLI, a Direct Numerical Simulation code from Computational Fluid Dynamics, the second, DL_POLY, a molecular dynamics code and the third, POLCOMS, a coastal-ocean model. Comparing the performance of the Cray X1 vector system with two massively parallel (MPP) micro-processor-based systems we find three rather different results. The SBLI PCHAN benchmark performs excellently on the Cray X1 with no code modification, showing 100% vectorisation and significantly outperforming the MPP systems. The performance of DL_POLY was initially poor, but we were able to make significant improvements through a few simple optimisations. The POLCOMS code has been substantially restructured for cache-based MPP systems and now does not vectorise at all well on the Cray X1 leading to poor performance. We conclude that both vector and MPP systems can deliver high performance levels but that, depending on the algorithm, careful software design may be necessary if the same code is to achieve high performance on different architectures. KEYWORDS: vector processor, scalar processor, benchmarking, parallel computing, CFD, molecular dynamics, coastal ocean modelling All of the key computational science groups in the 1. Introduction UK made use of vector supercomputers during their halcyon days of the 1970s, 1980s and into the early 1990s Vector computers entered the scene at a very early [1]-[3]. -
UNICOS® Installation Guide for CRAY J90lm Series SG-5271 9.0.2
UNICOS® Installation Guide for CRAY J90lM Series SG-5271 9.0.2 / ' Cray Research, Inc. Copyright © 1996 Cray Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. This manual or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form unless permitted by contract or by written permission of Cray Research, Inc. Portions of this product may still be in development. The existence of those portions still in development is not a commitment of actual release or support by Cray Research, Inc. Cray Research, Inc. assumes no liability for any damages resulting from attempts to use any functionality or documentation not officially released and supported. If it is released, the final form and the time of official release and start of support is at the discretion of Cray Research, Inc. Autotasking, CF77, CRAY, Cray Ada, CRAYY-MP, CRAY-1, HSX, SSD, UniChem, UNICOS, and X-MP EA are federally registered trademarks and CCI, CF90, CFr, CFr2, CFT77, COS, Cray Animation Theater, CRAY C90, CRAY C90D, Cray C++ Compiling System, CrayDoc, CRAY EL, CRAY J90, Cray NQS, CraylREELlibrarian, CraySoft, CRAY T90, CRAY T3D, CrayTutor, CRAY X-MP, CRAY XMS, CRAY-2, CRInform, CRIlThrboKiva, CSIM, CVT, Delivering the power ..., DGauss, Docview, EMDS, HEXAR, lOS, LibSci, MPP Apprentice, ND Series Network Disk Array, Network Queuing Environment, Network Queuing '!boIs, OLNET, RQS, SEGLDR, SMARTE, SUPERCLUSTER, SUPERLINK, Trusted UNICOS, and UNICOS MAX are trademarks of Cray Research, Inc. Anaconda is a trademark of Archive Technology, Inc. EMASS and ER90 are trademarks of EMASS, Inc. EXABYTE is a trademark of EXABYTE Corporation. GL and OpenGL are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. -
Through the Years… When Did It All Begin?
& Through the years… When did it all begin? 1974? 1978? 1963? 2 CDC 6600 – 1974 NERSC started service with the first Supercomputer… ● A well-used system - Serial Number 1 ● On its last legs… ● Designed and built in Chippewa Falls ● Launch Date: 1963 ● Load / Store Architecture ● First RISC Computer! ● First CRT Monitor ● Freon Cooled ● State-of-the-Art Remote Access at NERSC ● Via 4 acoustic modems, manually answered capable of 10 characters /sec 3 50th Anniversary of the IBM / Cray Rivalry… Last week, CDC had a press conference during which they officially announced their 6600 system. I understand that in the laboratory developing this system there are only 32 people, “including the janitor”… Contrasting this modest effort with our vast development activities, I fail to understand why we have lost our industry leadership position by letting someone else offer the world’s most powerful computer… T.J. Watson, August 28, 1963 4 2/6/14 Cray Higher-Ed Roundtable, July 22, 2013 CDC 7600 – 1975 ● Delivered in September ● 36 Mflop Peak ● ~10 Mflop Sustained ● 10X sustained performance vs. the CDC 6600 ● Fast memory + slower core memory ● Freon cooled (again) Major Innovations § 65KW Memory § 36.4 MHz clock § Pipelined functional units 5 Cray-1 – 1978 NERSC transitions users ● Serial 6 to vector architectures ● An fairly easy transition for application writers ● LTSS was converted to run on the Cray-1 and became known as CTSS (Cray Time Sharing System) ● Freon Cooled (again) ● 2nd Cray 1 added in 1981 Major Innovations § Vector Processing § Dependency -
Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming
Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming version 56 of August 12, 2014 Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Milo This book includes material from the http://www.osdata.com/ website and the text book on computer programming. Distributed on the honor system. Print and read free for personal, non-profit, and/or educational purposes. If you like the book, you are encouraged to send a donation (U.S dollars) to Milo, PO Box 5237, Balboa Island, California, USA 92662. This is a work in progress. For the most up to date version, visit the website http://www.osdata.com/ and http://www.osdata.com/programming/shell/unixbook.pdf — Please add links from your website or Facebook page. Professors and Teachers: Feel free to take a copy of this PDF and make it available to your class (possibly through your academic website). This way everyone in your class will have the same copy (with the same page numbers) despite my continual updates. Please try to avoid posting it to the public internet (to avoid old copies confusing things) and take it down when the class ends. You can post the same or a newer version for each succeeding class. Please remove old copies after the class ends to prevent confusing the search engines. You can contact me with a specific version number and class end date and I will put it on my website. version 56 page 1 Unix and Linux System Administration and Shell Programming Unix and Linux Administration and Shell Programming chapter 0 This book looks at Unix (and Linux) shell programming and system administration. -
Cray Research Software Report
Cray Research Software Report Irene M. Qualters, Cray Research, Inc., 655F Lone Oak Drive, Eagan, Minnesota 55121 ABSTRACT: This paper describes the Cray Research Software Division status as of Spring 1995 and gives directions for future hardware and software architectures. 1 Introduction single CPU speedups that can be anticipated based on code per- formance on CRAY C90 systems: This report covers recent Supercomputer experiences with Cray Research products and lays out architectural directions for CRAY C90 Speed Speedup on CRAY T90s the future. It summarizes early customer experience with the latest CRAY T90 and CRAY J90 systems, outlines directions Under 100 MFLOPS 1.4x over the next five years, and gives specific plans for ‘95 deliv- 200 to 400 MFLOPS 1.6x eries. Over 600 MFLOPS 1.75x The price/performance of CRAY T90 systems shows sub- 2 Customer Status stantial improvements. For example, LINPACK CRAY T90 price/performance is 3.7 times better than on CRAY C90 sys- Cray Research enjoyed record volumes in 1994, expanding tems. its installed base by 20% to more than 600 systems. To accom- plish this, we shipped 40% more systems than in 1993 (our pre- CRAY T94 single CPU ratios to vious record year). This trend will continue, with similar CRAY C90 speeds: percentage increases in 1995, as we expand into new applica- tion areas, including finance, multimedia, and “real time.” • LINPACK 1000 x 1000 -> 1.75x In the face of this volume, software reliability metrics show • NAS Parallel Benchmarks (Class A) -> 1.48 to 1.67x consistent improvements. While total incoming problem re- • Perfect Benchmarks -> 1.3 to 1.7x ports showed a modest decrease in 1994, our focus on MTTI (mean time to interrupt) for our largest systems yielded a dou- bling in reliability by year end. -
CXML Reference Guide Is the Complete Reference Manual for CXML
Compaq Extended Math Library Reference Guide January 2001 This document describes the Compaq® Extended Math Library (CXML). CXML is a set of high-performance mathematical routines designed for use in numerically intensive scientific and engineering applications. This document is a guide to using CXML and provides reference information about CXML routines. Revision/Update Information: This document has been revised for this release of CXML. Compaq Computer Corporation Houston, Texas © 2001 Compaq Computer Corporation Compaq, the COMPAQ logo, DEC, DIGITAL, VAX, and VMS are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Alpha, Tru64, DEC Fortran, OpenVMS, and VAX FORTRAN are trademarks of Compaq Information Technologies, L.P. in the United States and other countries. Adobe, Adobe Acrobat, and POSTSCRIPT are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. CRAY is a registered trademark of Cray Research, Incorporated. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. IEEE is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. IMSL and Visual Numerics are registered trademarks of Visual Numerics, Inc. Intel and Pentium are trademarks of Intel Corporation. KAP is a registered trademark of Kuck and Associates, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. OpenMP and the OpenMP logo are trademarks of OpenMP Architecture Review Board. SUN, SUN Microsystems, and Java are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX, Motif, OSF, OSF/1, OSF/Motif, and The Open Group are trademarks of The Open Group. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.