PEKI 24 lune 10, l9|f?
lt Chairman Hua Meets President 4 Nimeri Toching Fights the "Four Pests" A Poris lnternational Economic Co-operotion -{k Conference PEKING Vol. 20, No. 24 lune 1O, 19Tl
REVIEW Published in English, Frenci, Spanish, |A 4 /^,{L Japanese and German editions BEIJING ZHOUBAO
CONTENTS
THE WEEK 3 Choirmon Huo Meets President Nimeri President Nimeri Visits Chino Li Hsien-nien Sternly Denounces Sociol-lmperiolism Choirmon Huo ond Vice-Choirmon Yeh Meet Viet Nom Militory Delegotion Choirmon Huo Meets Friendslhip Delegotion ol Congolese Militory Committee Choirmon Huo Meets Cope Verde Government Delegotion Chino ond Borbodos Estoblish Diplomotic Relotions Delegotion' df Argentine Revol.utionory Communist Porty
ARTICTES AND DOCUMENTS At Bonquet Welcoming President.Nimeri: Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien's Speech (Excerpts) 11 President Nimeri's Speech (Excerpts) 13 'Pests" Toching Fights Orc "Four 17 Toching's Six Bosic Experiences 18 Achievements in Public Heolth Work Must Not Be Negoted - A criticism of the "gong of four" Ling Yong 21 - Rhodesion.Rocists' FutileTrouble-Moking-Renmin Riboo Commentotor 24 Psris lnternotionol Economic Co-operotion Conlerence-A commentory by Hsin- huo Correspondent 25 North-South Diologue 26 Trode Exponsion Among Third World Countries 27
ROUND THE WORLD 29 Soviet-U.S. Genevo Tolks; Much Ado, Little Progress Africon Frontline Countries: A Worning to Rocist Regimes jopon-Soviet Union: lnterim Fishery Agreement Signed
ON THE HOME FRONT 31 Ring System Encircling Uronus Discovered 3,000-Yeor-Old Troces of Slove System A Peosont Hydro-Geologicol Surveying Teom
Published every Fridoy by PEKING REVIEW, Peking (37), Chino Post Office Registrotion No, 2-922 Printed in the People'5 Republic of Chino . Chairman Hua Meets President Nlmeri
L[UA Kuo-feng, Chairman of guests arrived at the reception tion between the two countries Il th" Central Committee of hall, Chairman Hua stepped and on international questions the Chinese Communist Party forward to shake hands with of common concern. Members and Premier of the State Coun- President Nimeri and all the of the delegation.present at the cil, on June 7 met Gaafar members of the delegation and conversation were: Mansour Mohamed Nimeri, President of had group 'photogfaphs taken Khalid, Minister of Foreign the Democratic Republic of the with them. Affairs, and Mubarak Osman Sudan, and the Sudanese Gov- Rahama, Sudanese Ambassador Chairman Hua had a sincere einment Delegation led by him. China. and friendly cofiversation with to The meeting took place in President 'Nimeri. Ttrey e*- Present at the meeting and the Great Hall of the People. changed views. extensively on the conversation were: Li When President Nimeri and the the further development of the Hsien-nien, Vice-Premier of the other distinguished Sudanese friendly relations and coipera- State Council; Huang Hua,
June 70,7977 Minister of 'Foreign Afiairs; ture and Information; -Nasr Forces; Makkawi Awad El 'Na- Chen Mu-hua, Minister of Eco- Eldin Mustafa, Minister of Makkawi, Secretary of the nomic Relations With Foreign tional.'Planning; Abdalla Ahrned Youth Committee bf the Sudin- Countries;. Ho Ying, Vice. Abdalla, Minister of Agrigulture, sgs gscialist Union; Brigadier Minister of Foreign Affairs; and Food and Natural Resources; (air force) El Fatih AMel Rah- Chang Yueh, Chinese Am- Amir Gamal Eldin, Leader man Abdoon of the General bassador to the Sudan. of the People's Assembly and Headquarters of the People's The meeting was permeated Head of the Sudanese-Chinese Armed Forces; Ahmed Salim El with a warm atmosphere of Friendship Committee; Hassan Hag, Director of the Importing militant unity between the peo- Abdin, Minister of State for the Department of the Ministry of ple of China and the Sudan. Presidency of the Republic; Trade and Supply; Hamad $1 YousiJ Mikhaeel, Legal Adviser Nil Ahmed Mohammed, Direc- Members of the Sudanese the Presidency of 'the Re- tor of the Asia Department of Government Delegation also of attending the meeting were: public; AIi Mohammed Fadul, the Ministry of Foreign Af- Abdel Rahman Abdalla, Min- Director of Khartoum Univer- fairs; and Sayed Ibrahim ister of Industry; .Basheer sity; Major General Musa Abdel Mumra, Director of Economic Abbadi, Minister of Transport; Hafeez of the General Head- Department of the Ministry of Bona Malwal, Ministei of Cul- quarters of the People's Armed Foreign Affairs.
President Nimeri Visits China Hua Kuoteng, Chairman of the Centrirl Committee of the DRESIDENT Nimeri and the Pekin5i by special plane on June . Communist'Pariy of China and I Sudanese Government Del- 6 for an official visiJ. to Premier of th€: State Council, egation led b'y. him arrived in China. Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien, ; Vice-Chairfian of the Standing Committee of the National Peo- ple's Congress Ulanfu and several thousand people it thg capital were at the. airport to welcome the distinguished guests. Shaking hands with President Nimeri at the plane- side, Chairman Hua said: "l warmly welcome the Govern- ment Delegation Your E: Peking Ret>ieut, No. 24 .gestures, it feigned willingness Li Hsien-nien Ster"nly Denounces to improve relations with us; Social-lmperialism on the other hand, it slandered that our foreign policy had QPEAKING at the banquet nese Government and people been 'greatly discredited' in the n in honour of President have always devoted them- vain hope that we would change Nimeri on June 6, Vice-Premier selves to strengthening the the revolutionary line and Li Hsie4-nien sternly denounced unity of the international prole- policies which Chairman Mao social-imperialism for its vi- tariat and the oppressed nations laid down for us. Exasperated cious slanders and curses and oppressed. people of the at being rebuffed and disillu. 'sioned, thrownraway against China recently. The *o116, their unity it has now pointed "i."rrg;";; its mask revealed its true vice-Premier out that with the other countries of the and the great chinese . hurling i vicious neon-le third worlS and auying with all colours by never be intimidated; 1]nHe ---- '-: - - subjected to impe' slanders and curses at-Phina. reiterated that, '";il il ":llo*t De[vering a diplomatic note, party rialist and soctal-imnelalist leadership of the central . making public speeclies and aggress'ion' subversion' inter- committee headed by our wise publishing artdes, it rab-idly ference' eoatrol or bull:ring' and leader chairman lrua,. the abuses China as so-called Chinese p@le are hdding r'igll, *e sdperpower OV.''oPpose 'dangerous adventurism, and the great banncr bqgemorriur'" of Cbairman extends to state relations the ane detpgmined ,,\ilhen Mao and to our great leader and differences on matters of prin- earr5r through"to end tre the teacher Chairman Mao passed ciple between the two sides. stnrggle against superpower ,,social- away,,, he added, But whatever tactics social- hegembnism' imperialism employed both soft imperialism uses will prove Itre said:.i'Acting upon Chair- and' tough tactics against us. futile. Who does it think will man Mao's teachings, the Chi- On the one hand, by deliberate be cowed by such tactics?!"' Ttrat evening, tire State Coun- The Chinese and Sudanese friendship between the people oI cil gave a banquet at the Great peoples have forged a profound China and the Sudan. President Halt of the People in honour of friendship in their protracted Nimeri's visit to-China in 19?0 the guests. Vicefremier Li common struggles agqinst im- strengthened the friendly rela- Hsien-nien and President Ni- perialism, colonialism and hege- tions and co-operation between monism. the establish- meri spoke at the function. (see !*:" the .two and his pP. ment of diplomatic relations "o,-rrt"*, 1l and l3 for excerpts of curreirt visit is sure to make the the two countri"" i; speeches.) :^":ween new gontributions to the mili- 1959, their {iendly relations and Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien co-operation have steadily de- tant solidarity between China held talks with President Ni veloped. Ttre late Premier Chou and. the Sudan and to the meri during the distinguished En-lai visited. the Sudan and third world's cause against Sudanese guqsts' stay in Peking. made efforts to develop the hegemonism Juw 70, 7977 Ghairman llua and llice-Chairman,Yeh ileet Uiet Jlam ttlilitary llelegation 'L[UA Kuo-feng, Chairman of Vice-Premier of tJre Govern- and friendly conversation with Il tte Central Committee of ment and Minister of National General Vo Nguyen Giap. Pres- the Communist Party of China, Defence. ent on the occdsion were depu- Premier of the State Council ty heads of the delegation: The meeting took place in the and Chairman of the Military Lieutenant General Le Trong Great Hall of the People. When Commission of the C.P.C. Cen- Tan, Member of the C.P.V.N. General Vo Nguyen Giap and tral Committee, and Yeh Chien- Central Committee and Deputy the other distinguished Viet- ying, . Vice-Chairman of the General Chief of Staff of the namese guests arrived at the C.P.C. Central Committee and Viet Nam People's Army, and reception hall, Chairman Hua Vice-Chairman of the Military Lieutenant General Ire Quang and Vice-Chairman Yeh shook Commission of the C.P.C. Cen- Hoa, Member of the C.P.V.N. hands with them and extended tral Committee, on June 2 met Central Committee and Dqputy warm welcome the Viet with all membens and staff of a to Head of the General Political Nam Military Delegation on its the Military Delegation of the Department of the Viet Nam visit to Ghina. Ttre htrsts and Socialist Republic of Viet Nam People's Army, and members of guests then had group photo- led by General Vo Nguyen Giap, the delegation: Major General graphs taken together. Member of the Political Bureau Bui Phung, Member of the of the Central Committee of the Chairman Hua and Vice- C.P.V.N. Central Committee Communist'Party of Viet Nam, Chairman Yeh had a cordial and Head of the General Logis- 6 Pekiw Reoieu, No. 24 tics Department of the Viet Among those present at both Minh and the Communist Party Nam People's Army; Major the meeting and the conversa- of Viet Nam. He wished the General Dam Quang Trung, tion were Chen Hsi-lien, Mem- Vietnamesq. army and people Member of the C.P.V.N. Central ber of the Political Bureau of still greater victories in the Committee and Commander of the C.P.C. Central Committee socialist construction and in the the First Military District; and Vice-Premier of the State building of the People's Army Major General Dong Van Cong, Council; Yang Cheng-wu and under the Jeadership of the Deputy Commander of the Wang Shang-jung, Deputy Communist Party of Viet Nam. Seventh Military District; Chiefs of the General Staff of . Speaking of the friendshiP Major General Hoang Anh the Chinese People's Liberation between the two gountries Tuan, Head of the Foreign Af- Army; Liang Pi-yeh, Deputy nurtured by Chairman Mao fairs Department; and Colonel Director of the P.L.A. General Tsetung and President Ho Chi Le Thao, Military Attache of the Political Department; Chang Minh, Vice-Premier Chen said Vietnamese Embassy in Peking. Chen, Deputy Director of the that the Chinese people and P.L.A. General Logistics Depart- During the conversation, Gen- the Chinese People's Libera- ment; Han I.[ien-lung, Vice- eral Vo Nguyen Giap extended tion Army have always Minister Foreign Affairs; warm greetings to Chairman of treasured this friendshiP. Shen Chien, Deputy Head of 'the Hua and Vice-Chairman Yeh "Under the leadership of the International Liaison Depart- and conveyed to them the most Party Central Committee ment of the C.P.C. Central Com- cordial regards of President Ton headed by Chairman Hua, we mittee; Tso-chen, Deputy Duc Thang, Comrade Le Duan Yin will continue to implement Director of the Foreign Affairs and other Vietnamese leading Chairman Mao's proletarian in- Bureau of the Ministry of Na- comrades. He wished the ternationalism and his revolu- tional Defence; and Yen Ling, Chinese people new and greater tionary line in foreign affairs, Military Attache of the Chinese successes under the leadership and we will, as always, work to Embassy in Viet Nam. of the Party Central Committee consolidate and develop the headed by Chairman'Hua Kuo- Nguyen Trong Vinh, Viet- militant friendship between the feng. Chairman Hua warmly namese Ambassador to China, peoples of China 4nd Viet people praised the Vietnamese was also present. I-{am," he declardd. for their victory in the war against U.S. aggression and for In his speech, General Vo Chinese Ministry of National national salvation and in re- Nguyen Giap said: "Recalling Defence Gives Banquet unifying their fatherland. He the course of the revolution said: We once again expres.s our that was full of hardships, dif- The military delegation of warm congratulations to the ficulties and grim tests, we are Viet Nam arrived in Peling Vietnamese people on their vic- inspired by the brilliant vic- warmly tory. Chairman Hua asked Gen- on June 2. It was tories we'have scored and we eral Vo Nguyen Giap to con- welcomed- at the airport by value all the more the great Hsi-lien vey his, warm greetings and Vice-Premier Chen friendship and militant unitY those of Vice-Chairman Yeh and over 1,000 P.LA. officers between Viet Nam and China." and men. In the evening, the and other Chinese leading com- He added: "We wiII never Ministry of National Defence rades to President Ton Duc forget the lofty and fine deeds gave banquet its honour. Thang, General Secretary Le a in of the Chinese people who, in Duan, Chairman Truong Chinh In his speech at the banquet, the spirit of proletarian interna- and other Vietnamese leading Vics-Premier Chen Hsi-lien tionalism, supported the Viet- comrades. praised the Vietnamese people namese people in their resist- enqe against French co- Other members of the delega- and army for winning complete the imperialism." tion attending the meeting victory in the national-libera- lonialists and U.S. weie Senior Colonels Hoang tion war after a protracted, General Vo Nguyen Giap Dinh Phu, Dao Dinh Luyen and arduous struggle under the praised the Chinese people and Hoang Huu Thai. leadership of President Ho Chi army for their fresh succe$ses June 10,7977 in socialist revolution and achieved in various fields over During the delegationls stay socialist construction. He also the past two 5lears following the in Peking, Vice-Premier Chen spoke of the sucqesSes the victory of 'the national-liberation Ilsi-lien held talks with General Vietnamese people have war in 1975. Vo Nguyen Giap. Ghairman Hua lleets Friendship llelegation 0l GongoleEe ltlilitary Gommittee LfUA Kuo-feng, Chair- II __:man of the Central Commiitee of the Com- munist PartY of China qnd Premier of the State Council, on the afternoon of June 3 met with all the members of the Congolese Military Committee Friendship Delegation led UV . Uaiof f'rangqis-Xavi* Katali, Member of the Military' Committee .and' Minister of the Interior of the Congo. .Thd'"'ineeting was pei- rnebted with, a' cordial. atmosphere. When Major Katali and thq other distinguished Congolqse guests arrived'iat the meeting hall of the Great Halt of the 'People;, Chairman Hua shook hands with them and had ph6to.'. Ctiina from afar' Major Katali countries and the friendshiP glaphs .taken together with said that he had brought the between the two peoPles which tt u*. best wishes of President had developed very well in the ;*.r Joachim Yhombi-OPango fAr past woulJ assuredly develoP Chairman Itrua had a warrii. 'Chairman Hua and fris tropu ot still better in the future. and friendly conversetion wi$ furtherenhancingthefriendship Present on the occasion were Katali and' 'Captain peoples the Major between the of Vice-Premier Wang Chen, Frolant Tsiba, Member of the Congo and China and the ' Foreign Minister Huang Hua Military Cornmittee of the frieindly co-operation between ,and .Vice-Foreign Minister Ho Qongb; Samba Oscqr, Congo-lese the two countries: Chairman Ying. Ambassador to China; and PauI Hua expressed sincere gratitude Mbot, Councillor of the Office of ' for this arid asked Major Ilatali Vice-Premier Wang Chen had Major Katali. Chairman Hud to:convey his regards to Presi- talks with Major Katali and extended a warm welcome to dent Joachirn Yhombi-Opango. feted the distinguished Congo- the distinguished Congolese Chairman Hua said that the lese guests after theY arrived in guests who'had eome to visit felations between the two Peking on June 1. 8 Peking Revieut, No. 24 Ghairman Hua ileets Gape Uerde Government Delegation L[UA Kuefeng, Chairman of to visit our country, and we tion we have received from the II ttre Central Committee of extend our warm welcome to Chinese Government and peo- the Communist Party of China you. We believe that exchange ple during our visit here has and Premier of the State' of visits will surely further made us feel at home. We Council, met with the govern- enhance the mutual understand- cherish profound esteem for the ment delegation from Cape ing and friend.qhip between the People's Republic of China, be- led Abilio Duarte, Verde by people of our two countries. cause the Chinese people's President of the National Chairman Hua said that Presi- achievements benefit the third People's Assembly and Minister dent Aristides Pereira is an old, the world. He conveyed to Chair- of Foreign Affairs of respected friend of the Chinese Republic of Cape Verde, in the man Hua the sentiments of people. He asked the distin- Great HalI of the People on friendship and unity and the guished guests to convey, upon June 4. regards of President Aristides their return, the regards of the Pereira. Chairman Hua had a sincere Chinese Government and people and friendly talk with Abilio and his own regards to Presi- The meeting was. permeated members the Duarte and of dent Aristides Pereira. Prime with a cordial and warm delegation Jorge Carlos tr'onseca, Minister Pildm Pires and the atmosphere. Jorge Daniel Spencer Lima and people Cape Verde. Raul Jorge Barbosa. Chairman of Vice-Chairman of the Stand- Hua said: We are very glad Delegation leader Abilio ing Committee of the Na- -that you have come from afar Duarte said.: The warm recep- tional People's Congress Tan Chen-lin, Foreign Minister Huang Hua and Vice-Foreign Minister Ho Ying at- tended the meeting. ' This is the first government delega- tion from CaPe Verde to visit China since the establishmelt .gf diplomatic relations between the two coun- tries in 19?8. The delegation arrived in Peking on' June 2. VicdChairman ?an Chen-lin gave a ban- quet in its honour. Huang Hug and delegation leader Abilio Duarte held ialks. June 10, 1977 Ghina and Barbados "The two governments have China.. He praised thg Arg.eA- Establish Diplomatic agreed mutually to provide all tine Revolutionary' Communist necessary assistance for the es- contributions Relations Party for the it tablishment and performance of had 'made under the guidance Chen Chu, Ambassador Ex- the functions of diplomatic of Marxism-Leninism to the traordinary and Plenipotentiary missions in their respective struggle against imperialism, and Petmanent Representative capitals on the basis of equality, revisionism and ,the big land- of the People's Republic of mutuai. benefit and friendly. Iords and bourgeoisie at home. C,hina to the United Nations, consultations, and in accordance He said: The Argentine Revolu- and Donald George Blackman, with international practice." tionary Communist Party has Ambassador Extraordinary and 'done a great deal of work es- part Plenipotentiary and Permanent Situated in the eastern pecidly in exposing infiltration Representative of Barbados to of the Caribbean Sea, Barbados by Soviet social-imperialism the United Nations,, signed in is a rich and beautiful island into Argentina and achieved New York on May 30 a joint country with a population of gratifying successes. He ex- communique on the establish- 250,000. Formerly a British pressed the conviction that the ment of diplomatic relation5 be- colony, it won independence in Argentine Revolutionary Com- tween China and Barbados. The 1966. On behalf of the Chinese munist Party would win new communique reads: Government, Premier Chou En- and still greatcr victories in the lai sent a message of congratu- days to come. . . "fiie Government of the Peo- lations on that occasion. ple's Republic of China and the Comrade Roldan, in his toast, Government of Barbados, irt praised Chairman Hua Kuo- conformitv with the inteles]1of Delegation of Argentine feng for being a worthy leader the two countries, have decided --:::-' of the Chinese people in carry- Revolutionary Communist bycommonconsent;;-Jil; ing out Chairman Mao's beheets. diplomatic relations at the am- Party He said: The Central Commit- bassadorial level' A delegation of the Argentine tee of the Argentine Revolution- ary Comrnunist Party is elated "Tn-e Government of the Peo- Revolutionary Communist Par- ple's Republic of China respects ty with Roldan as its leader and at the appointment of Chairman Hua Kuc-feng smashing the policy of non-alignment Soriano as its deputy leader and the l'gang pursued bfr the Government recently paid a visit to China. of the of four." These provide guarantee of Barbados. Boldan and Soriano are Mem- two eventg a pro- bers of the Political Bureau of for the dictatorship of the Government of Barba- "The the central committee of the Ietariat in China and ensure dos recognizes the Government -;; ;_-- -; Revolutionarv com- that Mao Tsetung Thought will the people,s remain in or R";;il; munlst119#':" Partv' force. china as tt u ,ote l";-;;;";- He pointed out: donten- ment of Chiha. Li llsien-nien, Member of the 'fire tion between the two super- Political Bureau of the Central "The two governments have for world hegemony has ^^_-_-:.. of the chile-se Bowers agqeed to devetop f"i;;;; :::llt:* !om- added to the danger of a world tions and cooperation.,o*Y*."""1"- war. Social-imperialism is more Argentine while they the two countries on the basis aggressive in nature and is were-_--:- ln._ ^,,_-t'eKrng'"orr,".a". of the principles of mutual re- therefore more dangerous. We spect for sovereignty and tgrri- In his tsast it the banquet, should never underestimate the torial integrity, mutual non- Comrade.Li Hsien-nien, on be- struggle of the third world peo- aggression, non-interference in half of the C.P.C. Central Com- ple and countries; they are now each other's internal affairs, mittee headed by Chairman Hua the main force .in opposing the eq.uality and mutual benefit, Kuo-feng, extended a welcome two superpowers and making and p-eaceful coexistence. to the delegation on its visit to revolution. 10 , Peking Rersieu, No. 24 Aj Banquet Welcoming President Nimeri Yiee-Premier Li Hsien.nients Speefi (Excerpts) ftf/E are sincerely glad that, at the invitation which sets a brilliant example for the third W of the Chinese Government, His Excellen- world's cause of unity against imperialism and cy Gaafar Mohamed Nimeri, President of the hegemonism, has greatly boosted the revolu- Democratic Republic of the Sudan, has come tionary morale of the Sudanese, African and from afar at the head of the Sudanese Govern- Arab peoples and dealt a heavy blow at social- ment Delegation for an official visit to China, imperialist ambitions of aggression and ex- bringing to us the Sudanese people's profound pansion. sentiments of friendship for the Chinese people You hail from Africa, the Middle East.and as well as the happy tidings of victory of the the shores of the Red Sea. This vast area is' African and Arab peoples in their united of great strategic importance and abounds in struggle against imperialism and hegemonism. strategic raw materials. The two superpowers On behalf of Chairman and Fremier Hua Kuo- are locked in repeated and intense rivalry in the people, feng and the Chinese Government and Middle East and in Africa to ensure control over I wish to express a warm welcome to His Ex- Europe and win global hegemony. Flaunting the cellency President Nimeri and aII the other signboards of "supporting national liberation" distinguished guests from the Sudan. and "friendship and co-operation," th9 super- The Democratic Republic of the Sudan is a power that claims to be a "natqral ally" of country with a long history and an ancient the third world is poking its hands everywhere culture. At the same time, it is a dynarnic in this area by all ways and means ald 'young unscrupulously carrying out aggression and ex- . country. The industrious and brave Sudanese people have a glorious tradition of pansion. Taking advantage of the differences combating imperialism and colonialisin, fearing. and disputes between some cguntries that. are no brute force and daring to resist foreign left over by history, this superpower sows dis- aggression. In the past few years the Sudanese sension and incites trouble in an attempt to fish Government and people, under the leadership of in muddied waie.s. It brands whoever dare to President Nimeri, have achieved marked suc- ' resist and oppose its hegemonic actions a8 cesses in strengthening national solidarity and "reactionaries" and tries by hook or by crook consolidating the unification of their countr5l to subvert them, or even engineer outright and in developing their national economy and military intervention against them. It'organized culture. The Sudanese Government adheres tq mercenaries to intervene in Angola ind invade a policy of non-alignment, upholds African paire and intensified its rivalry with the other unity and Arab unity and supports the national- superpower in southern Africa and the Red Sea liberation struggles of the Palestinian, Arab and area. This series of fienzied acts of aggression African peoples. In defence of national in- and expansion shows that social-imperialism has now become a great m-enace to the African and dependence and state sovereignty, the Sudanese Arab peoples. Government and people have repeatedly frus- trated superpower schemes of aggressioD, h- But the days are gone when imperialism terference and subversion. Particularly, in the and social-imperialism could do as they wished. face of the ever-increasing threat of social: Countries want independence, nations want imperialism, they have of late resolutely ordered liberation, and the people want revolution - this its military experts to leave the country within has become the imesistible trend of history. Mqre a set time limit. This just and bold action, and more people have come to recognize' the luttc 70, 7977 11 aggressive and expansionist features of social- hunger nor thirst?! Their rivalry, with Europe imperialism. Its perverse actions are stimulating as the focus, extends to every corner of the stronger and stronger resistance and struggle. globe. Their continubd fierce rivalry is bound Like the international situation as a whole, the to lead to war some day. This is independent current situation in Africa arid the Arab world of man's will. is excellent. The successful Afro-Arab Summit Acting upon Chairman Mao's teachings, the Conference held in Cailo this year is an im- Chinese Government and people have always portant indication of this excellent situation. devoted themselves to strengthening the unity The victories of the heroic Egyptian people and of the international proletariat and the oppress- the heroic Sudanese people in their struggles ed nations and oppressed people of the world, against social-impepialist interference and strengthening their unity with the other coun- subversion, the victory of the heroic Zairian tries of the third world and allying with all people in repulsing the armed invasion engi- countries subjected to imperialist and social- neered'by social-imperialism and the deepening imperialist aggression, subversion, interference, of the liberation struggle of the heroic peoples control or bullying, and we firmly oppose super- in southern. Af.rica - all these are an eloquent power hegemonism. When our great leader proof that the African and Arab countries,'sup and teacher Chairman Mao passed away, social- porting each other and strengthening unity in imperialism employed both soft and tough tactics the common struggle against the enemy, will against us. On the one hand, by deliberate surely triumph over all external forces of ag- gesdures, it feigned willingness to improve gression. It is not the one or two superpowers relations with us;on the other hand, it slandered but the third world and the people of all coun- that our foreign policy had been "greatly dis- tries who are really powerful. credited" in the vain hope that we would change The Chinese Government and people firmly the revolutionary line and policies which Chair- support the just struggle of the Sudanese'people; man Mao laid down for us. Exasperated at being firmly support the Arab and Palestinian peoples rebuffed and disillusloned, it has now thrown in their just struggle for the reeovery of their away its mask and revealed its true colours by lost'territories,and restoration of their national hurling vicious slanders and curses at China. rights; firmly support the Afriean people in Delivering a diplomatic note, making public their struggle to safeguard national independ- speeches and publishing articles, it rabidly ence and state sovereignty against foreign abuses China as so-called dangerous adventur- aggression and interference, and firmly support ism, and extends to state relations the dif- the peoples in southern Africa in their struggle ferences on matters'of principle between the two for national liberation and agairrst racism. We sides. But whatever tactics social-imperialism strongly condemn the white recist regime in uses will prove futile. Who does it think will be Bhodesia for its crime of dispatching troops for cowed by such tactics?! The great Chinese aggression against Mozambique. We firmly sup people will neither be taken in nor intimidated. port the united just struggle of the people of Under the leadership of the Party Central Com- Africa and the third world as a whole against . mittee headed by our wise leader Chairman Hua, imperialism, colonialism and hegemonism. the Chinese people are holding high the great banner of Chairman Mao and unswenringly im- The fierce rivalry between the superpowers plementing his revolutionary line and policies, has thrown the world into unrest. A salient -determined to carry through to the end the feature in today's world situation is the visible struggle against superpower hegemonisl4. growth of the factors for war. The superpowers are the source of a new world war, and social- Both China and the Sudan are developing imperialism in particular is more dangerous. countries belonging to the third world. Both Advertising "disarmament" every'day, they are our peoples were long subjected to imperialist in fact daily engaged in arrhs expanslon. aggression and oppression, and are now making Ta'lking volubly about "detente," they are great efforts to combat imperialism and actually prqparing all the time for war. What, hegemonism and to build up their countries. after all, is their intention in producing such Our common historical lot and common fighting huge quantities of munitions that satisfy neither tasks link up our two peoples closely. We clearly 12 PekirW Rersi,ew, No. 24 recaU the-;isit of His Excellency President Committee hended by Chairman Hua led the Nimeri to our country seven years agq when whole nation in smashing at one blow the our great leader Chairman Mao had a cordial Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao anti-party,,gang of meeting with His Excellency the President in four," thus winning a great historic victory. Hangchow, and our esteemed and beloved United as one and in high spirits, the Chinese hemier Chou had tete-a-te-te conversations with people, closely following our wise leider Chair- him. It was under the care of Chairman Mao, man Hua and guided by'the great banner of Premier Chou and President Nimeri that the Chairman Mao, have in the past seven months iriendly relations and caoperation between our and more been working hard to carry out the two countries daily grew in strength and great strategic policy decision oI ,,grasping the developed. We are sure that the current visit of key link in running the country well.,' A new Excellency will further His the hesident historical period of development has begun in strengthen our mutuAl trust, understanding and China's socialist revolution and soeialist con- iupport. Under tle care of Chairman Hua and struction, and a new leap forward in.China's President Nimeri, ttre friendly relations and co- national economy is taking shape. Full of con- operation between our two countries have wide fidence, the Chinese people determined prospects and the rnilitant friendship between are to carry forward proletarian revolutionary our two peoples will certainly continue to grow. our cause pioneered.'by Chairman Mao and other Nineteen seventy-six was no ordinary year veteran proletarian. revolutionaries, build China for China. In that year our people stood rigorous into a powerful modern socialist country before tests. Acting on the behes.ts of the great leader the end of the century and strive to make a and teacher Chairman Mao, the Party Central greater contribution to humanity. President Nimeri's Sp.ech (Excerpts) FIRST of all, I wish to conve;r the friendly serious earthquake disaster that struck your I Sudanese people's gteetings to the leaders great country. and Government of the friendly People's Repub- We are gratified to note the strength the lic of China and the great Chinese people. The of great Chinese people who passed and triumphed Sudanese people know China's past and present. over these rare patience and In her long history, China had a'rich cultural calamities with a fortitude. We are also gratitied by the fact that heritage. In modern history, China is a shock Chairman Hua Kuo-feng has upheld the noble force in the struggle for freedom. She has principles laid down by.the late iiader Chair- made effective contributions to the construction min Mao Tsetung. Thus, we see that the Chi- of the third world. She is a reliable backing for nese people are now rallying round their leader- the enslaved peoples. ship and are advancing shoulder to shoulder in Also, I wish to convey to you the sincere building China and striving for her progress. It condolences of the Sudanese people and Gov- is nothing strange that your policy should have ernment over the passing of the great leader been welcomed and appreciated by the people Mao Tsetung, Premier Chou En-lai and Chair- of all countries, especially the people of the man Chu Teh of the Standing Committee of third world countries. The third world stands the Netional People's Congress. Chairman Mao together with you in opposing and fighting was one of China's prophets and an immortal imperialisrn, and in supporting and assisting the teacher in the contgmporary history of ,man- liberation movements, refusing to be controlled kind. Purthermofe, I eonvey to you the Sudan- and denouncing the policy of interferencej in ese people'il gollqitude and sympathy over the the internal affairs of other countries, so that Juru 70, 1977 I3 the third world countries .may be free from coming backwardness and creating a better 'big-power rivalry, irrfluence and hegemony" world, we always welcome assistance from our' ,,]:, brothers and friends. Apart from strengthen- I have come to'your great country from the ing our eionomic capability, our plan also.takes Democratic Republic of the Sudan, which is into account our country's role in solving the situated in the heartland of the African con- worldwide food shortage and thereby further tinent, iovers an: area of one million square pnomoting the efforts of the developing coun- miles, has rich resouices and is the convergence tries for the establishment of a new world eco- of many civilizations and cultures. It is nothing nomic order which'will. accommodate their in- strange our foremost and immediate concern if terests'and ensure their freedom to exploit their is the unity of the whole country, the necessary natural resodrces. condition for a concentrated and unified force to take the serious challenge which our coun- Itre Sudanese revolution has set forth the try faces on its road of development, to defend process, aims and objectives of our work at our principles and independence and to play home. T'he foreign policy it formulated has its role in the regioh and in the world. Im- as its point of departure the reality of our com- perialism and reactionary parties caused our mitments to Africa and the Arab world, our country to divide into many tribes and religious belonging to the bloc of developing countries sects. But today our country lives in a revolu- and third world countries and our bbservance tionary new era and governs itself through its of international and regional charters. In this various organizations and the constituent organs spirit and with this understanding, we support of the Sudanese Socialist' Union. Our Per- the frontline Arab countries in their eflorts to manent Constitution stipulates that the socialist liberate the occupied Arab territories and regain system is the economic basis of the Sudanese the fuU rights of the Palestinian people. 14/e society as a means to overcome povertY and deem it our national duty to uphold Arab unity. backwardness and realize self-sufficiency and In this spirit and with this understanding, we justice. To this end, our revolution has already have bebn advancing the just revolutions begun drawing up plans and achieving suc- against colonialism and apartheid and have cesses. Our revolution started with the realiza- supported the Zimbabwean, Namibian and tion of national unification, which was an ab- Azanian liberation forces in their struggle to solute necessity for a vast country like the free Africans from domination. Sudan that had been rent by the reaetionaries. Th'e primary achievement of unity was ihe Geographically, our country is bordered by solution of the problem-of south Sudan, which eight countries. Although this neighbourhood had' been a major trouble over Ll years may give rise to border disputes and problems, during which a cruel civil war in our southern we have most successfully maintained good- parts laid waste large tracts of our farmland neighbourly relations and established relations and killed many people. After achieving tran- of co-operation, trust, harmony and mutual ex- quillity and stabilityr we started planning and change with-our neighbours. Although in the scientific research so as to advance along the last few months our relations with two neigh- road of all-round economic and social develop- bouring countries have somewhat deteriorated, ment. In the past eight years, we fulfilled the such deterioration is only a natural reflection of Five-Year Development PIan. Now we are the systems and policies of those two countries. preparing to start implementing an all-round What I mean is only the systems of these coun- economic and social development plan, of which tries, for their people are sincere, pure and co- the coming six years will be the first stage. operative. The systems of those two countries For. tfris purpose, we have made 'a detailed ex1rcrt trouble to us, first by attempting to study and comprehensive exploration of our make attacks and provocations and then by 'To natural, material and manpower resources. launching armed aggression, in the vain hope of carry out such a plan, we muSt first rely on our subverting our country and undermining the own strength and great potentialities. Those unity of our people. We have been seeking '.$vho cannot help themselves deserve no help security and peace, but our well-intentioned from others. For the common interest of over- efforts have met with the ill will of aggrebsion 14 PekirW Reoiew, No. 24 of those two lackey regimes. If the internation- enbe are gong for ever. What happened in the al community should ignore the rounding-up Sudan and Egypt and what happened in Kam- and displacement suffered.by the Eritrean peo= puchea and Viet Nam should be lessons for ple, it will 'become an'apathetic and heartless people who are sensible and understanding, and international community. Therefore, we asked I may even say that these lessons are so obvious that the Eritrean question, like similar ques- that bven bears can understand them. tions, should place have .its due on the U:N. You have said that a certain country claimi agenda, especially because the crt.x of the to.be a natural ally of the third world but is matter is the violation of the U.N. resolution on in fact a merchant of death selling munitions the confederation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. We at exorbitant prices. How true your statement oppose Ethiopian the terrorist acts of the is ! It shows that we should stand together 'with iegime, give and we our utmost support to the those couri.tries which pull no strings. Eritrean people in their just struggle for their legitimate selfdetermination as stipulated by And how true it is when you say that those the U.N. Charter. who flaunt the signboard of supporting national liberation are only making use of this signboard Non-alignment is our unshakable choice. to poke their hands everywhere, sow dissension Ihis means, above all, not to be trapped in and fish in muddied waters. They'brand who- superpower rivalries and strategies which con- ever dare to oppose their sinister hegemonic stitute a menace to the interests of small and actions as "reactionaries"! medium-sized countries. Our contacts with the countr5r gfeat rich superpowers are an established fact, but we A is not because it is has powerful wealrcns. criterion of absolutely do not recognize that they have a or lhe is whether principles right to supervise the people of other countries, Srcatness its and capabili- to interfere with their affairs and secrrity or ties cin serye as an example to others. Based to provoke e}raos. Based on this understanding, on thib understanding, strength is above all moral power posi- we have repeatedly called for keeping the Indian strength. Wheh a big is in a tion to threaten small country, as was ?cean neutral and making it a zone of peace, i done to the and we have condemned military presence in Sudan through TASS, it becomqs an immor- al Firstly, meddled this region where we live. In line with this country. it has in regional disputes. in a faraway logie, we have taken action to. ensure the area. Secondly, it has let itself struggle against a country so much less security of the Red Sea and keep this area away from international rivalries. Also in line strong and big than itself, thus its irresponsible actions have reached extent being i4- with this logic, we reject the advocacy by some the of compatible people to change the meaning of non-alignment with a country seated in a world organization international so ihat some countries therein would become for maintaining Thirdly, its. response a bargaining drips in the hands of a certain super- security. aggresive to power. country defending its own security rights against surprise attack and espionage was so On the other hand, being an important crude as to be unworthy of a tenth-rate coun- waterway, the Red Sea has become a plaee of try, not to say a superpower. armed conflict between the two superpowers; In view. of all thi:s, we are gratified to see tliis is bound to jeopardize the interests of the that the people and dynamic leadership of some coastal countries while the superpowers reap countries, like those of the great People's Re- profits from it. For the Sudan, the Red Sea is public of China, and brothers of those third our only and basic outlet to the open sea for world countries who reject hegemony and ex- imports and exports; it is also the source of. ploitation are on our side. Indeed, such atroci- hope for our brothers in the landlocked African ties can only find supporters in very few countries. Therefore, to maintain the neutrality regimes, which, following behind others, of the Red Sea one cannbt is of the cornerstones of grasp our foreign policy. in the least their own destiny; and som_e of which feign to be non-aligned, but are only How correct your statement is that the days lackeys neo-imperialism undermining the of " of hegemony and division of spheres of influ- essence of non-alignment from inside. Others June 10,\g77 15 declare themselves to be faithful .friends of .the success. Hence, the Chinese Government and liberation forces, but they cannot liberate their people merit the admiration and praise of the own will .and even cannot arrange their own African people, the Arab people and a1l peace- elementary protocol affairs. loving peoples. Chairman Hua has adhered to the line laid down the late Chairman Mao . Our domestic situation is a business of our by own people. Our foreign relations are a part Tsetung in the field of external policy, thus ensuring po[cy of ciur country'i sovereignty, not influenced by the continuity of your foreign our old br new relations with any international based on strengthening solidarity with the peo- ple quarters irrespective of their influenee, capabili- of the third world. ty and strength. Our. sovereignty is above We are very much satisfied with the friend- everything else. Some people tried to infringe liness of the relations between our two coun- on our sovereignty by cajolery, but they failed. tries. Since I paid my first Visit to your beauti- Then they resorted to terrorist means, and failed ful country, considerable progress has been again. Such-is the road we have traversed. made in our bilateral relations which are based We reject trusteeship, dictation and interference. on solid principles, first of all on strict com- We reject hegemony and control in all forms. pliance with the principles of peaceful coexist- The Sudan played an influential and effective ence. And this has earned you the friendship role in proposing and supporting an Arab- and respect of alt peace-loving countries, and African meeting. Especially after the realization first of all the Sudanese Government and peo- of our'national unity at home, the image of ple. Our mutual understanding of each other's our motherland became a real manifestation of positions has reached a high level. We are this meeting, which represented the Arab grateful to the Chinese people who always stand world's hand stretched towards Black Africa and by us in all circumstances. I am confident that the desire of unity between Africa and the Arab in the coming period of our bilateral relations, world. The Afro-Arab entity is a real place to the scope of our mutual co-operation will be bury the Zionist forces attempting to sabotage greatly expanded in the interest of strengthen- Arab-African unity. We can say without ex- ing the close relations between our two coun- aggeration that the Arab-African Conferehce tries. held in Cairo was the result of the common ef- I wish also to take this opportunity to con- forts of these countries. For we believe that vey to the fitendly Chinese people their Sudan- ArabAfrican unity is a historical necessity, is ese brothers' high appraisal of their fine quali- determlned by their historical, geographical and ties and sincere aid, which they have personally cultural links, and is also a means to attain experienced in working together with Chinese the common goals of these two races. The brothers. Our people are determihed to trans- success of that conference was a victory for the late their experience into reality, and therefore bloc of the third world people and the develop- the Congress of the Sudanese Socialist Union ing countries as well as a major historic event has adopted a resolution in this respect. on their road of fighting for the realization of a new international economic order. We stand for conciliation and are opposed to splits; we are champions of peace and not With her clear-cut policies, the People's Re- envoys of .war and rivalry. Through their long public of China proves that she truly shares the and arduous struggle our people have come to sufferings world countries. She of the third realize that in their efforts to maintain inde- condemns colonialism, Zionism and racism, pendence they will inevitably encounter the at- supports the liberation movements in southern tacks of the enemies and their lackeys and that Africa and supports the just struggle of Pales- their determination to free themselves from tine as she supported the people of Southeast spheres of influence ririll incur the hetred of the Asian countries. Economically, she actively aids ambitious superpower scheming against their all third world countries and has now economic revolution and achievements. But the Sudan. co'operation agreements with more than a hun- ese people, tempered at the cost of blood, sweat dred countries. China's aid projects, like those and sacrifiee, are able to cope with any intruder, in the'Suden, have borne fruit and are a great infiltrator and. schemer. 16 Pekiry Reoiew, No, 24 Toching Fights the "Four Pests" On April 20, the ilag the Notional Con- Chang Hung-chih pulled together a small group ference on Learnhtg From Tochittg in Inilustry and engaged in clandestine activities. They opened,, Sung Chen-mhtg, seoetory of the Party cooked up an "open letter," slandering Taching cornmittee of the Tachiag Oilfietit onil chairman as following "a full-fledged revisionist line in of its ret>olutiotury eonrmittee, mad.e a speech running enterprises." They incited the masses entitled, "Hold High the Great Banner of Chair- to "kick aside Party committees. in making man Mao otd, Follout China's Oun Road of revolution," denounced leading cadres at various lnitustrbl D eo elopment." levels by name and instigated thd workers to "stop producing for the erroneous line." Tlrc speech consisfs of lour parts: The "qcellemt situation atter the smashirq of the Abusing their power, Chang Hung-chih "gong of four"; Taching's ti,t-for-tat struggle and his handful of followers called a mass meet- ogdinst the "gang of four"; 77 gears of steaily ing on April 10 that year under the signboard leap foruard.; and Taching's basic erperlences. of "criticizing Lin Piao and Confucius and op- posing restoration." venomous language, Following are ercerpts oJ the second part Using . they levelled frenzied attacks at Taching, hop- of Sung Chen-ming's speech. The title and ing to tear down the red banner of Taching and subheails are ours. -Eil. totally negate the great achievements gained by ,TiHE struggle between our Party and the the oilfield during the Great Cultural Revolu- I "gang of four" is a continuation of the tion- prolonged struggle waged by the Chinese Their activities infuriated the workers of Communist Party and the masses of revolu- Taching, and in no time big-character posters tionary people under its leadership against the appeared everywhere denouncing Chang and his Kuomintang reactionaries, a continuation of the followers. On behalf of the workers and staff class struggle between the proletariat and the members and their families, Chu Ching-hua, bourgeoisie, and a continuation of the struggle a veteran pace-setter and deputy Party secretary between Marxism and revisionism. , The Ta- of the drilling headquarters, sternly asked that ching Oilfield was a raging battlefield in this per:son in the leading body who supported great struggle. The Taching workers waged a Chang in creating trouble: Are you acting ac- tit-for-tat struggle against the "gang of four." cording to the instructions of Chairman Mao bnd the Party Central Committee? Do you want Struggle Between Seizure of Power ond to bring production to a halt? Nonplussed by Counter-Seizure Power of these questions, that man could not utter a Shortly after the movement to criticize word in answer. The revolutionary torrent of Lin Piao and Confucius initiated and led by the mass movement rolled on with an irresist- Chairman Mao began in 1974, the "gang of ible force'and swept before it all the schemes four" stretched their tentacles to Taching. They of Chang Hung-chih and his several followers directed Chang Hung-chih, who was then a who had no alternative but to leave Taching in member of the Heilungkiang Provincial Party haste. In the mean time, the Heilungkiang Committee and who had previously worked at Provincial Party Committee reorganized the Taching,.to return to the oilfield. In collusion Taching leading body and transferred that with a person in Taching's leading body who person who had collaborated with Chang to supported the gang in stirring up trouble, another post. Juw 70,1977 17 *.3+-.#.*r y rr tuyvyrvyvv! yr ! y-ivvyyvJyv yrt ryy vuvyvyvt Taching's Six Basic revolutionary contingent which can com- bat and prevent revisionism, is both red Experiences and expert and can never be subdued.. This is the basic guarantee for running a f N the 17 years since the oilfield was open- socialist enterprise well. r ed up in 1960, the Taching workers have principle held high the great banner of Chairman 3) Adhere to the of main- taining independence, keeping the initiative Mao, .4dhered to Chairman Mao's revolu- tionary line in their struggle against the in our own hands, relying on our own counter-revolutionary .reviSionist line of efforts, working hard and building the country diligence and Liu Shao-chi, Lin Piao and the "gang of with and thrift, production greater, four," implemented in an all-round way develop with faster, better economical results. the Charter of the Anshan Iron and Steel and more Company and blazed China's own trail for 4) Wholeheartedly rely on the work- industrial development which is directly ing class and set up a.strict and scientific opposed to that of capitalism and revision- system in managing a socialist enterprise. ism. In his speech Comrade Sung Chen- 5) Build a new-type socialist mining ming summarized these basic experiences area which combines industry with agri- of Taching as the following six points: culture and town with country aicording 1) Study Marxism, criticize revision- to the road pointed out by Chairman Mao ism and adhere to Chairman Mao's revolu- in his May 7 Directive issued in 1966. tionary line. 6) Strengthen the Party's centralized 2) Learn from the experience of the leadership over the enterprise and do a Chinese People's Liberation Army in doing good job in revolutionizing the ideology of political work and build an Iron Man-type the leading body. In direct opposition to the "gang of four's" The gang negated all the important Ialacy to "stop producing for the erroneous instructions issued in 1975 by the Party Central line," the Taching workers proclaimed: "Going Committee headed by Chairman Mao and the all out to build socialism is justified! excellent situation that had emerged throughout Going all out to build socialism is a merit! Go- the country that year under the leadership of ing all out to build socialism is an honour! Chairman Mao and the Party Central Com- We will continue to make all-out efforts mittee. In waging a tit-for-tat struggle against ta build socialism!" This trial of strength the gang, the Taching Party committee called of power and counter-seizure of an enlarged 19?6, and the -seizurepower ended with the proletariat triumphing meeting in February over the- bourgeoisie and the leadership remain- participants restudied Chairman Mao's instruc- ing firmly in the hands of the working class. tions and the Party Central Committee docu- ments approved by him since 1975. In one Tit-lor-fot Struggle voice, all the comrades pledged to firmly In 1976 the "gang of four" intensified their implement Chairman Mao's instructions qnd activities to usurp supreme Party and state the policy decisions made by Chairman Maq and leadership, and stepped up their attack 'on the Party Central Committee. Taching. Under the leadership of the Party committees at various levels, the Taching The mass media coutrolled by the gang at workers who had gone through severe tests that time spread anti-Marxist and anti- waged a decisive battle against the gang. I,eninist fallacies to create counter-revolu- 18 Peking Reoiew, No. 24 tionary opinion so as to pave the way for their usurpation of Party and state leadership. Ttre Taching Party com'mittee countered this by teading the cadres and workers in assiduously studying works by Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin and Chairman Mao's works. It adopted a decision in July 1976 requiring leading cadres at all levels to read Volume IV of the Selecteil Worlrs of, Lenin while continuing their study of Chairman Mao's works. The "gang of four" babbled that "rectifica- tion means restoration." Ignoring the gang's outcry, the Taching Part5r committee carried out a rectification and consolidated the lead- ing bodies at all levels before May 1976. This strengthened all the leading bodies and aug- Iron Man Wang Chin-hsl denounclng at a meeting mented their pornrcr'in fighting against the . class enemies who vilify Tachlng "gang of four." The gang slandered cadres who had worked round "civil war" and wanted to overthrow all. .for the Party over long years as "hard-working They labelled Wang Chin-hsi, outstanding capitalist-roaders." But we in Taching took representative of the Chinese working class, as good care of the veteran cadres while warmly "the nation's No. 1 political swindler" and the supporting the new 'cadres, and commended several thousand advanced model workers of those who had worked hard for the revolution. the oilfield as "sinister pace-settens." Ttrey at- tacked all the outstanding units Premier Chou On the pretext criticizing of the "theory of En-lai had visited and the pace-setters and moddl productive forces," the opposed "gang of four" workers he had received. But the Taching great making efforts in building socialism. But workers wer:e undaunted, firmly believing that Taching the workers always showed enormous Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought is enthusiasm and drive in boosting production. invincible, that Taching's road is correct, that Output crude 1976 of oil in registered an all- Tadring's experience is right, that the vast time high. In terms of crude oil output, today's majority of Taching's cadres are good or fairly year Taching equals six Tachings in 1965, the good, and that the red banner of Taching preceding the start of the Great Cultural Rev- cannot be pulled down. Filled with indignation, olution. Comrade Wang Chin-hsi declared: "Our Ta- ching Repeoted Triols of Strength is the Taching of Chairman Mao and of the people of the whole country. We will knock The struggle waged by the Taching cadres dowrr anyone who. dares to oppose Chairman and masses against the "gang of four" dates Mao and vilify the red banner of Taching!" back to the 60s. As soon as the Great Cultural Revolution started, Lin Piao, Chen Po-ta, Chiang At the crucial moment of struggle, Premier Ching and company began to oppose Chairman Chou received representatives of the Taching Mao's wise policy decision "In industry, learn workers on behalf of Chairman Mao and the from Taching.!' They incited bad elements to Party Central Committee and once again af- make trouble at an exhibition on Taching held firmed that Taching was a red banner and ap- in Peking and sent 1? "combat teams" and proved of the oilfield's leading body; thereby "investigation groups" to Taching to engage in exposing the schemes of Lin Piao, Chen Po-ta, sabotage activities. Ttrey slandered the red Chiang Ching and company to pull down the red banner of Taching as "phoney" and yelled that banner of Taching and overthrow Iron Man "the Taching road must be thoroughly crit- Wang Chin-hsi. Later, a decision approved by icized." They fanned up bourgeois facf,ionalism, Chairman Mao and issued by the central au- split the ranks of the oil workers, incited all- thorities stated in no uncertain terms: "Th€ June 70, 1977 19 Taching Oilfield is'a,rtQd, Eanner on,China's tional rules and regulations was "slavishness" industrial frottt nurtured by Mao Tsetung and a manjfestation of "controlling, curbing and Thought." This dealt g'heavy blpw at Lin Piao suppressing" the workers: They even spread the and his ilk and was an enoimous support. to the nonsense that "oilfields can: go on producing oil Taching workers who 'were inspired to win just the same as before without scientific fresh victories in defending the red banner of research for three years." This reduced the Taching. quantity of water inject€d underground and After the Ninth Party Congress was brought down the pressure of oil wells. As a convened in 1969, the Lin Piao anti-Party clique, result, the output of old wells was gravely af- wgrking hand in glove with Chiang Ching, fected for a period of time. Chang Chun-chiao and Yao Wen-5ruan, frenzied- Persisting in their struggle, the Tadring ly pushed a counter-revolutionary .revisionist cadres and workers solemnly declared: "'We'll line. A handful of bad elejments in Taching never admit that the red banner of Taching is danced to their tune and raved that the massive black even if a sword hangs over our heads." It battle to open up and build Taching in the early was at that time that the Renmin Ribco editorial 60s, an undertaking appioved by Chairman "In Industry, Learn From Taching" wiich Chair- Mao, was a "waste of money and energy." They man Mao personally approved was publistred. It attacked the principle, which was put forward reiterated his great call In industry, learn from by Premier Chou on the basis of Chairman Taching and reaffirmed the basic experience of Mao's instruction, to build Taching into a'new- Taching. Premier Chou made the important type mining area which "combines industry instruction that the Taehing people should with agriculture and town with country to resume their basic training of opening up and facilitate both produetion and the people's building the oilfield under the guidance of livelihood," saying that it was "sham com- Chairman Mao's two. philosophical works On munism." They opposed Taehing's experience Practice and Ozr. Contrad.iation. The masses in management and said that abiding by ra- were elated. The important instructions from Chairman Mao and the Party Central Commit- Working in the Spirit of the lron Man. tee forcefully proclaimed the bankruptcy of the Wood,cut bg a spare-time att gtoup of Taching uorkers plots of Lin Piao, Chen Po-ta and the "gang of four" to "transform" Taching with Lin Piao's counter-revolutionary revisionist line. But these scoundrels wefe not reconciled to their defeat. With truculence they asked: "What do,you mean by resuming the basic training of open- ing up and building the oilfield under the guidance of Chairman Mao's two philosophical works On Practice and On Contradiction? 'Resuming' means you had once discarded it. Who discarded it? And when?" Thus they directed the spearhead of their attack at Chairman Mao and Premier Chou. Taking advantage of the mass media they controlled, they piped a tune contrary to the spirit of the editorial "In Industry, Learn From Taching" which Chairman Mao had approved. These criminal activities further infuriated the Taching workers and staff. At work-sites, in their canteens and dormitories and other places, the cadres and workers of Taching studied On Proctice and Ot Controillgtian, recounted the fine, traditio.ns of the massiv,e (Continued on P. 32,) I Pekttw Retsiew, No. 24. Achievements in Public Health Work Must Not Be Negated - A criticism of the "gong of four" by Ling Yang \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'r\\\\\\\N.::r::\\.\\ir\.\\\\\\:\\\"\1.\\\\)\r\i\\'i:\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\s f N line with their plot to usurp Party and efforts produced.positive results under the guid- ! state power, the "gang of four" negated ance of the principle set down by the Party everything accomplished in public health work Central Committe'e and Chairman Mao of orien- under the pretext of criticizing the Ministry of tating public health work to serve the workers, Public Health for putting the stress of its work peasants and soldiers, putting prevention first, o:r the cities instead of the rural areas. The gang uniting practitioners of traditional Chinese and charged that those who maintained that."much Western rnedicine and integrating health work has been aecomplished" in public health work with mass mov.ements. For instance, the results sinee the founding of New China in 1949 were of the mass health campaign with the emphasis "singing the praises of the revisionist line" and on wiping out pests and diseases are very ob- "attempting to reverse correct verdicts." Ttris vious. Environmental hygiene was improved as raises the question'of how should public health did the physiques of the people. Several com- work in socialist China be assessed? municable diseases which severely impaired peo- ple's health were totally or basieally eliminat- Before the Great Proletarian Cultural Rev- ed throughout the country in the first few years olution started in 1966, Liu Shao-chi had pushed after the founding of the People's Republic of a eounter-revolutionary revisionist line and China in 1949. The incidence of other diseases public health work was orientated to serving dropped and some diseases have been rigorously the urban minority and not the peasants who kept in check. Schistosomiasis victims have make up more than 80 per cent of the country's been treated and mass movements to wipe out population. Medical personnel, facilities and the fluke-carrying host snails have been caried medicines in the rural areas were. inadequate. out in the affected areas, Once widespread in Ttris led to Chairman Mao's severe criticism on many southern parts of China, schistosomiasis June'26, 1965, in which he pointed out that the impaired the health of millions of people. Ministry of Rrblic Health should be renamed the "Miriistry of Rrblic Health for Urban Over:. When Chairman Mao heard in lgeg ihat lords." Chairman Mao emphatically directed: the whole of Yukiang County in east China had "In medical and health work, put the stress on got rid of the disease, the first county to do so, the rural areas." This strategic policy decision he wrote the famous poem Fareusell to the God of Chairman Mao's led to a change in medical of Plague, Chairman Mao also cited several vil- and health work in the rural areas. lages and urban neighbourhoods for their public health effqrts. Those cited have done much to Critieizing the Ministry Public Health of encourage medical and health personnel and the as a of Public Health for Urban Over- "Ministry masses in improving public health work. Grat- lords,f' however, did not mean public health ifying results too have been obtained in research work before the Cultural Revolution had no on Chinese medicine by practitioners of both positive aspects. Mao's 1965 Chairman criti- traditional Chinese and Western schools of qism was directed chiefly the leadership of at medicine working together. that ministry for the incorrect stress in han- dling the work. The medieal and health person- But the "gang of four," in the guise of nel and the masses did a lot of work and their criticizing the ministry for being a "Ministry Juru 70, 7977 21 rif pubtic Health for Urban Overlords," wanted to negate all past achievements and then we to negate'all these achievements of the 17 years will be unable to do anything." Premier Chou, bbfore the Cultural Revolution. This was tan- who had a thorough understanding of Chairman tamount to negating Chairrnan Mao's line and Mao's June 26 directive, met with cadres and the'achievements he had personally confirmed. representatives of the masses in the field of public health on scores of occasions and guided Differentioting Mistokds From them in studying Chairman Mao's teachings, Achievements criticizing revisionism and together they work- ed out ways and means to fully implement the Ministry of Public Health In criticizing Chairman Mao's June 26 directive. for its erroneous stress, the ministry's errors must not be confused with the achievements Step by step, stress in public health work made by the people in the public health organi- has been switched to the rural areas and the zations under the guidance of Chairman Mao's revolution in public health work developed line and the leadership of the Party committees vigorously. Over a million urban medical per- at all levels. The leadership of the "Ministry sonnel left for the countryside. In the vast of Public Health for Urban Overlords" must farming and pastoral areas group after group not be equaEd with the cadres and the rank- of barefoot doctors (1.5 million-strong today) and-file in the public health organizations. as well as public health workers with a giround- Premier Chou pointed this out in 1968: ing in medicine and midwives, totalling f.9 "Everything must be viewed as one dividing million, were trained to serve the people there. into two." Public health depirtments at every All of them are not divorced from productive level in the first 17 years; he said, "have, labour. Practically all the people's communes nonetheless, been of some service to the people. today have ttreir own clinics and upwards of This cannot be written off in one stroke. We 85 per cent of the production brigades, generally should not pa.int a totally dismal picture of the bmbracing one or several villages, have a co- work done by the public health organizations operative medical care bystem - a system which in serving the people on account of the leader- enables members to get medical treatment at the Public for Urban ship of 'Ministry of Healtlq a fraction of the cost incurred. . Treatment is Overlords."' Premier Chou warmly praised entirely free in the well-off production brigades. the cadres in the public health organlzations and Tlemendous changes have taken place in China's the masses because they "have indeed worked rural health work. hard and diligently and done many praise- worthy things in serving the people." "Without ' However, the "gang of four" purposely such a supplementary explanation, it will tend chose to negate all this. In 1973, they sent one IN PRAISE OF BABETOOT DOCTORS Studying. Visitins a patient. Collecting meilicinal berbs. Practlsing needllng. Paper-culs bU Chiu Ling 22 PekiW'Reoieta, No. 24 of theif trusted followers to the Ministry of charges against certain veteran eadres receiving Public Health and .she proclaimed she was hospital treatment and tried to have them .ttrere "to implement Chairman Mao's revolu- thrown .out. Her bosses, the "gang of four," tionary line."t In a report to the Party Central even maligned Premier Chou, who was then a Committee on the 1975 national conference on very sick man, as "malingering" and accused public health work, she alleged that the erro- the Premier of using his stay in hospital "to. neolxi ori6ntation and line in public, health work carry out machinatioris" with elder comrades had continued even after the start of the Cul- who visited him. tural Revolution, and styled herself as a repre- sentative of the comect line. She asserted that , The Reql Restorotionists the "correct line" was implemented only after the."gang of, four" had pLnted her inside the The'four members of the gang and their ministry to do their bidding. Although she was trusted follower in the Ministry of Public irnmediately rebutted by Comrade Hua Kuo= Health pretended to be heroes fighting the feng and other leading comrades in the Party errors of the Ministry of Public Health, whereas Centrdl Comrnittee, the "gang of four" con- they were doing their best to push an ultra- tinued opposihg the correct assessment of public Right line. In all their public health work health work by Premier Chou and Comrade directives the gang never once mentioned Hua Kue-feng. Chairman .Mao's directive "In medical and health work, put the stress on the rural areas.'l They did all they could to strangle tlsurping Porty ond Stote Power and destroy the socialist new things, such fire aim of the "gang of four?s" trying to as the barefoot doctors and the co-opera- negat€ qverything was to knock down every- tive medical care system. In some areas where tfring and uzurp Party and,state power. When the gang had control, barefoot doctors were en- the gang falsely accused people of making a ticed to give up taking part in collective produc- total mess of public health work, it was io tive farm labour and earning work-points like overtbrow those very people. firey shouted other commune members. During the 1975 about 'terreting out capitalist-roaders" and national conference on public health work, the their "agents" at all levels, from the central and gang'$ trusted follower in the ministry changed provincial departments to the grass-roots level. the requirement for barefoot doctors from taking Ttre gang's representative installed in the Minis- part in collective productive labour in agricul- try of Public Health labelled all leading cadres ture into "taking part in productive labour" in in regional public health organizations "in- a report to the Party Central Committee, and veterate Right-deviationist elements." In other did not specify in the report that barefoot doc- lyords, they should all be overthrown. This tors should earn work-points like other com- earned fulsome praise f/om Chiang Ching, a mune members. This could lead barefoot doctors member of the "gang of four." to gradually loosen their ties with the other corirmune members who tilled the land and seek Adherents gang of the in Shanghai, on incomes higher than those of ordinary peasants orders from their boss Wang Hung-wen, evicted and ultimately stop being peasants altogether. veteran cadres from hospitals where they were treated'- on the outrageous charge that the This was promptly and severely criticized only thing wrong with them was of a "political by Comrade Hua Kuo-feng and other leading nature." The villainess the gang had placed igr comrades of the Party Central Committee. the Ministry of Public Health charged that Comrade Hua Kuo-feng pointed out that this "hospitals 'have become asylums" (sheltering was a matter of principle and there must bd "capitalist-roaders" from the masses). She ac- no going back on it. Thus Comrade Hua cused medical personnel attending veteran Kuo-feng iesolutely affirmed that barefoot cadres of "protecting capitalist-roaders." In one doctors should be both peasants and doctors, period she ordered a particular hospital to make fended off the interference of the "gang of out a monthly list for her of all these cadres ad- four's" ultra-Right line and defended Chairman mitted. She amassed the most outrageous Maols revolutionary line in public health work. June 70,7977 23 Rhodesion Rocists' Futile Trouble-Moking by "Renmin Riboo" Commentotor ItttIIItIIIuttttIIItMIIIttt!tItIilil!MIIrIillllIItIIIIllllllilIIInI A FTER intruding ryith air support into the The Zimbabwean guerrillas are ttre armed la- seu15lirestern area of Tete Province in forces set up and developed by the Zimbabwean Mozambique recently, Rhodesian racist troops people in the course of their struggle against invaded Gaza Province, occupied Mapai Dis- Rhodesian racism. As long as'racism erdsts, trict of Mozambique and attacked Zimbabwean the armed forces will continue to constautly guerrilla camps. It . was the Smith regime's grow in strength and launch more and more biggest attack on Mozambique this year. Under widespr'ead aetions. The frontline counhnies, the Mozambique arrned forces' counterattack, too, will continue to have the right and ttre the Rhodesian invaders have been forced to means to provide the Zimbabwean guerrillas withdraw, but the situation in the border regiori with various kinds of services and support so is still tense. Smith has truculently declared: that this great just struggle will be carried "We had to go across . . . it was a defensive through to the end. This is a historical trend exercise." "There was nothing aggressive about which no one can halt. The outrageous actions it." This means that in future, whenever the of the Smith regime can only tighten the nooses Rhodesian racist regime thinks it "necessary," round its neck and bring its rule to an early it will send troops to launch armed intrusions end. against surounding African countries. The Chinese people strongly condemn the Smith In order to liberate Zimbabwe from racist possible, regime's grave new crime against Mozambique, rule as early as the African countries the Zimbabwean people and-the African people. are rxing revolutionary dual tactics against the enemy's counter-revolutionary dual tactics; Since the beginning of the year, the Smith while giving massive aid to the Zimbabwean . regime has repeatedly carried out military people's armed struggle they have made efforts threats, provocations and intrusions against to settle the problem through negotiations. neighbouring African countries. Incomplete However, these efforts have failed to bring statistics show that it has committed about 30 about any progress in solving the problern. What intrusions against Mozambique alone. Such acts the Smith regime has recently done to Mozam- of aggression by Smith do not indicate in the bique, Zambia and Botswana shows that ob- least that the Rhodesian racist regime is strong. durate racisrn will never quit the stage of his- On the eontrary, they show that the Zim- tory of its own free will. Just as the Organiza- babwean people's armed struggle has grown to tion of African Unity pointed out in its declara- such proportions that this reactionary regime's tion, it "has never wanted a negotiated settle- days are numbered. As the Rhodesian reaction- ment." Time and again events prove that armed ary authorities cannot extinguish the angry s(ruggle is the only way for Zimbabwe to win flames of the people's struggle at home, they independence and liberation. have placed last ray hope aggression their ol on In its sharp contention for Africa with the frontline believe against the countries. They other superpower, Soviet social-imperialism also that if: they blocked frontline countries' the pays particular attention to Zimbabwe because people's support to the Zimbabwean armed of its important location and rich natural re- forces, their small regime could continue to drag sources. While the Rhodesian authorities make out its feeble'existence. Such wishful thinking is the height of ignorance! (Continued, on p. 30,1 24 Peking Reuieto, No. 24 Poris lnternotionol Econornic Co-operotion Conference rllll!ll!llllllltMIIllllIMIll!IIIIIIIIllIMIIIIIMIIllll!IIIIMIIIIIll!lllllll!llllIIIIIIIIIIIllII t.flHE International Economic Co-operation wiJh what the third world cogntries had I Conference, also called "north-soutli demanded. .dialogue," which was scheduled to last three As for the pricing of raw materials, the days, ran overtime for more than a day and third world countries have all along maintained ' ended on June 3 after a fierce struggle. The that the most reliable formula for stabilizing participants from the developing countries prices of raw materials is indexation of com- expressed'regret at the conference's failure to modity prices, which means to fix the prices of achieve the expected results. raw materials on the basis of inflation indices in the industrial countries. But this reasonable The creation of a new international demand was rejected by the industrial countries. economic order remained at the heart of the Itre agreement on a common fund for raw struggle. Although the ministers of the United inaterial prices is no more than an agreement States and some other industrial countries in principle. How the fund will be raised and :promised to accept some of the, reasonable what concrete measures of implementation will " dimands raised by the third world countries 'be applied are left for the United Nations and to improve the inequitable econbmic Conference on Trade and Development in relations between the poor and the rich coun- Geneva next November to discuss. Obviously, tries, and also put forward a number of pro- the third world countries have to continue put agreement into posils and measures themselves, it is clear their struggle to this pfactice. from theconfererice that they are not interested in seeking a serious solution to the major is- The conference agreed on a 1,000 million- sues posed by the present international econom- dollar special aid fund to be raised by the ic relations. On the energy and other problems, industrial participants to help the very poor they stubbornly defended the old international countries with their foreign debts. Now debts economic order by resorting to the tactic of owed by 88 developing eountries to the indus- making u4grounded and unacceptable demands. trial countries have reached 200,000 million dollars. The fund offer does littie to level the timited Progress tremendous mountain of debts incurred by the third world countries during long years of ex- The close co-ordination and united struggle ploitation and plunder by the imperialist and of the third world countries enabled the colonial powers. The third world countries rep- conference to arrive at two agreements: to resented at the conference called for a mora- create a common fund for stabilizing prices 'of torium or cancellation of these debts. Only raw materials, and to institute a special aid fund. Canada and Sweden agreed to erase the sums The two agreements following more than two owed to them, whereas the major creditor years.of "north-south drralogue" are regarded as countries, the United States, Japan and West progress, but on a very limited scale cornpared Germany, refused to accede to the demands. June 10, 1977 As for official aid to third world countries for development, the United Nations has set a target according to which the industrial North-South Dialogue countries must devote at least 0.? per cent of their gross product national each year in the THE International Economic Co-opera- current decade. But the target has nbt been r tion Conference,. also called "north- fultilled. In 1975, for instance, West Germany south dialogue," is an international con- and Britain put only 0.35 per cent into aid, the ference for dialogue between the develop- United States 0.25 per cent, and Japan 0.21 per ing :rnd the industrial countries. With cent. The percentages of other industrial most of the developing countries countries were even lower. Some industrial located in the Southern Hemisphere and participants at the conference promised to in- most of the industrial countries in the crease their aid, but reportedly the third world Northern, the term "north-south dialogue" countries failed to obtain more specific pledges is an apt description. with regard to amounts and timetables. There are 19 participants from emong the developing c.ountries. They are: Al- geria, Agoinst Violotion of Oil Producers' Cameroon, Egypt, Nigeria, Zaire, Sovereignty Zambia, Argentina, Brazil, Jamaica, Mexi- co, Peru, Venezuela, India, Indonesia, The industrial countries made a few "con- Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and cessions" on a common fund for raw material Yugoslavia. There are seven industrial prices and on a special aid fund. But actually countries and one group: the United the "concessions" were intended as a measure States, Japan, Canada, Switzerland, to obtain assurances that the oil producers Sweden, Spain, Australia and the Euro- would guarantee the industrial countries' oil pean Economic Community. supply, and at prices they find acceptable. Such a demand was logically rejected by the third The International Economic Co-opera- world countries as a direct encroachment upon tion Conference was convened at the the sovereignty of the oil producers. Under French President Giscard d'Estaing's pro- posal. preparatory such conditions, the United States proposed to Two meetings took place, set up a permanent panel on energy. This was one in April 1975, and the other in October the same year. The First Interna- only a rehash of the old U.S. call to focus on the tional Economic Co-operation Conference energy issue at the first preparatory meeting was held in December 1975. for "north-south dialogue" suggested -more than two years ago by French President Giscard d'Estaing. Manuel Perez Guerrero, Minister of State for International Economic Affairs of Venezuela, who is a co-chairman of the years Proceedings of the conference conference, made it clear that the 19 develop- two ago. ing countries "wanted no energy conference." prove once again that the struggle of the third Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Foreign Minister of world countries for an end to the irrational old Algeria, was quoted as saying that "we are op- international e8onomic order is a fierce and posed to regular consultations between oil protracted one. The third world countries must producing countries and developed nations to rely on their own elforts and persist in their the extent that such consultations would be united struggle before they can achieve their aimed at restricting or limiting our freedom of economic growth, and the secnond world coun- action." tries interested in dialogue must treat the third world countries as their equals not in words but in deeds so as score positive results. Bitter Struggle Still Aheqd to The Paris conference marked a temporary (A commentary bg Hsinhua end to the'lnorth-south dialogue" started over Conesponilent, lune 3) 26 Peking Retsieto, No. 24 Trade E*pansion Among Third lUorld Countries .\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ,TIRADE among the third world countries has member countries. Some enforce preferential I greatly expanded over the past few years. tariffs on member countries, others stipulate Facts show that this trade has played an ever that top priority should be given to providing greater rol.e in breaking through the manipula- products'their member countries want. tion and control of world trade by the imperial- ists, particularly the superpowers, and in these These measures have enormously boosted countries' struggle to establish trade relations trade among the member countries. For of equality and mutual benefit and to strengthen example, total value of trade among the Andean their unity and co-operation and develop their Group member countries iose from 170 million national economies. in 1970 to nearly 1,100 million U.S. dollars in 1975. The volume among the Central American Using their monopoly position in the eco- Common Market member countries was valued nomic sphere, the imperialists have long pushed at 700 million dollars in 19?5, 21 times that of economic hegemonism and cornered the develop- 1960. ing countries' foreign trade, thus retarding the development of trade between them and seriously affecting the progress of their national tlst rx lollt-PncEltltGt tlst tll lollt Yllut 0t IllDr rfloxc utlut 0f Ir Dr rnoilG economies. A number of developing countries AilDrlil GnouP ffiun cErrut AffExrcrr corloil which are geographically adjacent have suffered couilIllls TIRIIT rtmfl coutllnEs heavy losses because the commodities they 2,100 needed could not be exchanged through direct trade between themselves but have to be got in trade with the metropolitan states or trans- national companies. To get rid of this extreme- 640 ly unreasonable phenomenon, the third world countries have waged a sharp struggle against the imperialists, the superpowers in particular. ,]E .1,g This is an important aspect of these countries' 1970 I1975 1960 It0f5 united struggle against hegemonism. Growth of Regionol Trode As reported by a Peruvian journal, trade Current trade among the third world coun- among the Latin American countries showed .tries is pointed up by the continuous extension marked growth in 1976. A report issued by the of trade relations between the regional organi- Institute for Latin American Integration indicates zations of economic co-operation. Some dozen trade among the countries belonging to integra- . such organizations which have been set up ih tion groups (such as the Andean group, the Latin Asia, Africa and Latin America have played an American Free Trade Association, the Central increasingly important role in promoting re- American Common Market and the Caribbean gional trbde since the 60s. They have abolished Community) was 15 per cent greater in 1976 or reduced tariffs or trade restrictions among than in the preceding year. The volume of June. 10, 1977 27 trade among the l"atin American Free Trade As- industrial products rose 3.6 times, with sociation member countries rose 17.3 per cent, machinery increasing 5 times and textiles close hitting an all-time high since the organization's to 3 times. establishment, and half the traded items werti industrial products. Among member countries In order to protect and promote industrial of the Iran, Pakistan and Turkey "Regional development of their member countries, a Co-operation for Development," trade reached number of regional economic co-operation or- 140 million U.S. dollars in 1975, 3.8 times ganizations have stipulated that w.hat their that of 1964 when the organization came members produce or supply should not be im- into being. Trade among the member ported and preferential treatment should be countries of other regional organizations also given to trade in manufactured goods among has showed a marked increase. Regional trade their member countries. This has promoted the not only helps supply each other's needs and processing of raw materials by these crountries supports each other, it also lessens, to a certain and made their industries mutually c.omple- degree, dependence on the imperialists, the mentary. At the same time, it has increased thq superpowers in particular, and contributes to proportion of industrial.goods in exports. For developing production and bringing prosperity example, industrial products made up 85 per to the national economy. cent of the total trade among the member coun- American Common Market. Non-regional trade among the developing tries of the Central countries also has rapidly expanded. This has Continuous trade growth among the been particularly so in Africa and Asia in the developing countries, ther'efore, is conducive to last few years. Statistics show the value of transforming the old economic structure and trade among the changing the past situation'of a mono com- developing coun- modity and a single market. By supplying each cmwililx l0rll YArut ff IIADI ll0x0 ilrt Dtvrr(,Ptxc (o0lnfis 0t Asll, tries of Asia, Africa other's needs and widening exchanges of in- lr5(l llD l^ilx AtttKl (1,000 million U.S,dollars) and Latin America dustrial products, trade has relatively narrowed was over 47,000 mil- t.Le markets for the imperialists, espeeially lion U.S. dollars in ' the superlrcwers, to dump their commodities' 1975, close to I Acrording to the U.N. Stotistics monthly, the ,times the figure of ratio of the value of the devel'opin$ couirtri*' more than 6,000 imports from thq million in 1960; an developed countries per cent in- to that of the Pn(txrt6t 0f lnPmls tY 11 coullntls tmr DIytloptD coutalllls crease was register- former's total im- ed in the first hall ports dedined from per 1971 of 1976 as compar- 73 cent in per ed with the corres- to 66.6 cent in 1975. ponding peliod of 1975, with trade going up 24 , per cent in Africa and 2l per cent in Asia. Ttade relations among the third lncreosing Trode in Monufoctured Goodr world countries are equal and mutually In terms of commodity composition, trade beneficial. ' The among the developing countries was mainly in third world boasts a Circl. irdtu dtdolhg @unrh.' @l ihF6. primary products, but trade in manufactured vast territory, rich Whir. p.th hdffi df,ir imfE Lm do.lop.d goods notably increS'sed. Total value of primary natural resources ffib. products exehanged among the developing and.a large market countries reached 35,?00 million U.S. dollars i4 catering t-o tfre needs of a population'oi b,400 19?4, more than 5 times that of 1970, with fuel million. This opens up broad prospects for the develop- increasing more than 6.times and food .close to 3 further expansion of trade among the In the same period, the total volume in ing countries. .times. 28 Pelchrq Reoiant, No,,24 ROUND The frontline states reaffirm- ed their commitment to the to- THEWORLDT\\i:::S\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\N tal liberation of southern Africa from imperialism, colonialiSm, neo-colonialism, racism and souEr-u.s. GENEVA TALKS ,. May 25. an underground nuclear fascism, and expressed their test was condueted in the same Much Ado, Little Progress undaunted solidarity with the country. As for the Soviet liberation movements. U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Union, it is expanding arms Vance and Soviet Foreign Min- with increasing efforts for Ttre cornmunique condemns ister Gromyko met in Geneva nuclear supremacy, but differs the racist regimes' wanton ag- between May 18 and 20, dis- from its adversary in its gression against the frontline cussing mainly the question of outward silence. countries and the recent attacks the limitation of strategic arms. on Zambia. Armed struggle is A joint statement'issued after AFRICAN FRONTIINE the only solution to the libera- the talks said: Differences in COUNTRIES tion of southern Africa, the regard to some unsolved prob- A Worning to Rocist communique notes. lems have been narrowed and Regimes progre&s has been made toward JAPAN.SOVIET UNION Four defence and seeurity further negotiations to establirsh ministers of the fronfline states lnterim Fishery a aommon basis. on May 2? warned the racist Agreement Signed But words promising an regirnes of Rhodesia and South Japan and the Soviet Union agreement cannot cover up the Africa that "any future aggres- signed an interim fishery agree- fact that serious differences re- sion by racist minority regimes ment in Moscow on May 27 main. As noted in a Western against any of the frontline after repeated negotiations. news agency report, ,,there was states will be repelled by our no decisive breakthrough', in combined military might." The fishery talks began in spite of three daysr tough bar- This was declared in a com- late February, but the negotia- gaining. Becently Carter and munique by the ministerial in- tions were repeatedly deadlock- Brezhnev denounced each other ter-state defence and securitSr ed as the Soviet side insisted in an attempt to shift responsi- committee of frontline states on its 200-mile zone enclosing bility for no real progress in after a meeting held in Lusaka Japan's four northern island5. the Geneva talks; by ministers of four frontline This is unacceptable to Japan. No matter what sort of agree- countries including Zambia, The interim fishery agree- ment the Soviet Union and the Tanzania and Mozambique. ment does not specify the So- United States may reach, it can- TLre comrnunique says that viet-proposed 200-mile exclu- not in the least limit the two the committee "has reviewed sive fishing zone. According to superpowers' nuciear arrns race, the progress of the liberation Kyodo reports, however; the Orr the second day following struggle in southern Africa in- waters to which the agreement ptrblication of the joint state applicable as' general and in Zimbabwe and is - refered to in me4t, the agreement U.S. Senate ear- Namibia in particular and the Article 1 of the - marked 3,?00 million dollars for securlty situation of the front- are the same as those referred the development and production line states,'and has noted with to in Article 6 of a related de- of nuclear weapons, and decided satisfaction the remarkable suc- cree proclaimed by the Presid. op the manufacture of new and cess scored by the liberation ium of the Supreme Soviet of more sophisticated ones. And on movements.t' the U.S.S.R. on December 10, Jutu 10,7977 29 1976.' Article 2 of the agree- kaido." Chief Cabinet Secretary agreeinent. Nih,on Keizai Shim- ment evades the Soviet demand Sunao Sonoda said on May 24 bun points out: ,The establish- to fish in Japan's territorial that in the course of the nego- ment of Japan's 200-mile fish- sea, a demand strongly opposed tiations, "the government con- ing zone is not mentioned at all Japan; by still, according to cluded an agreement strictly in Article 2,, and ,.this gives the Kyodo, it includes the "prin- within the scope of fishing impression of a step backward ciple of mutual interest" under matters." Agriculture-Forestry_'l from the position regarding the which the Soviet "right to con- Minister Zenko Suzuki who had territorial issue.,, Hokkaido tinued traditional fishing .opera- taken part in the negotiations shimbun points out i.n an edi- tions in offshore waters of toldreportersaftertheinitialling torial that Article g is a ,,very Japarr will be maintained." that "there should not be any abstract one which Japan and worry that the territorial prob- Japanese officials have their the Soviet union can interpret own. interpretations of the lem has been treated ;i;i" from their different positions"' agreement. kime Minister for the sake of fisfu.rr 11" added: * harrlly mean that the Eukuda said at a House of "Ttris 1rcint is clearly stateil in basic-T polic5r of separating the Councillors' plenary session Article 8 of the agreement," ,,none territorial that during the fishery talks, Article g states that of from the fishery is- sues Japan "completely followed the the provisions of the agree- is followed," it adds' An baslc policy of separating fishery ment should be regarded as in- editorial of Yomiuri Shinbun from territorial problems." juring the position or views of says: "The Soviet Union took Foreign Minister Iichiro Hatoya- thJGovernments of either Japan advantage of the fishery issue ma said: "The agreement or the Soviet Union concerning to coerce Japan into recognizing reached between the two coun- . . . problems of mutual rela- the demarcation of the Soviet tries by no means undermines tions'" zone. The Japanese people's Japan's position regarding the Japanese public opinion is resentment at thlq highhanded- four disputed islands off Hok- critical of the interim fishery ness is incalculable." (Continued. from p. 24.) cordance with their own desires by relying on their own strength. trouble everywhere, Moscow ceaselessly makes a big noise about "supporting" Zimbabwe's The national-liberation movements in southern armed struggle and "opposing" the Smith Africa are dbveloping'rapidly. The day is not far off when Zimbabwean people racist regirhe. But the African countries and the will overthrow racist Before fate people know well enough that this so-called rule. their "support" simply means using "military aid" is sealed, Smith and his likes will engage in even more frenzied The as its lever to project its influence into the trouble-making. super- powers, particularly future liberated and independent Zimbabwe. Its Soviet social-imperialism, will engage in kinds plot's sabotage. so-called "oppoiition" simply means replacing all of to However, the racism there with its own neo-colonialism. all this will be of no avail. Victory is sure to go to Zimbabwean people who Of course, this is Moscow's sweet dream. Ttre the are united in fighting and the great people Zimbabwean people, supported by the people to of all African countries. of the African countries, will achieve their country's independence and liberation in ac- (June 8) 30 Peking Reuieu, No. 24 fairly high artistic and technical ON THE HOME FRONT leveI. Pits of Slave Skeletons. Slave frltg Sgsta,n oI Uranus is twice the planet's owners in the Yin Dynast'y Brcleollng Uoanrc radius. used to kill a large num- . IDtteooered ber of slaves as sacrifices to RANUS also has a ring SsOOO-Yean-OId Traees their ancestors. In 191 pits system. Chinese observa- Ot Sla,oe Sgstctn already excavated, nearly 1,200 skeletons of slaves were found, tories discovered this during an ROYAL tomb dating back A most of them with their heads observation of a rare celestial / r to around the first half of chopped off. Some were muti- fhenomenon which occurred 12th century B.C. and close the lated and dismembered. Exami- just before dawn on March 11 200 pits of slave to sacrificial nation reveals that many of the this year when Uranus was skeletons a century earlier half victims were young men be- occulting a star. were discovered Yin Hsu,* a at tween 20 and 30 years of age. famous site 500 Since the l?th century when archaeological There were also several dozen of Peking. Saturn was discovered to have kilometres southwest skeletons of women and of Here Anyang, Honan Prov- a system of rings, it had been in children. Some pits show obvi- ince, are the ruins of the Yin to be the only planet in ous traces of slaves having been thought Dynasty capital (c. l6th-1lth the solar system with such an tied up and buried alive. Some century B.C.). encirclement, This new. dis- of the skeletons were locked in a covery is an important advanee The Royal Tomb. This is struggling posture, heads raised gaping. pits in astronomy. It not only the tomb of one of the con- and mouths Some furthers man's knowledge of sorts of a Yin king. No re- contained slaves buried together mains royal house pigs, horses, dogs and Uranus itself, but provides of this with member were found, but the birds. information for important bones of 16 immolated slaves studying the origin and evolu- These pits of slave skeletons were scattered around and on present a stark contrast to the tion of the solar system. top of the outer coffin. Nearly splendid royal tomb. They re- The mid-point of the occulta- 200 burial accessories induding veal in miniature the class suP- tion ocrunred at 04:18:t[] hours, bronze wine vessels, tripods and pression and class confrontation Peking time. Ttre entire other ritual vessels were in the ancient slave societY. The phenomenon lasted 9.5 seconds, unearthed, some with designs in new archaeological findings are per high relief and some unusually not only of great seientific value absorbing about 70 cent of jade the'light of the occulted star. large. The and stone for research in history but also material Astronomers analysed the human figures, animal figures provide vivid teaching which helps people understand results of the observation and and other funerary articles finely history better and educates discovered the presence of a numbering 400 are all worked demonstrate a them in class struggle. ring system in the vicinity of and (Jranus' equatorial plane. After A Peacant Egdro' . Archaeological excavation be- making a study and calculation gan here in 1928, Sinee then, Geologteal Suroeglng of results of scientific observa- palaces, workshops, tombs and 'Icam tions made at home and abroad :Xiffi*'T-PT:,iJ 1Tj"iffi,'?::'t A HyDRo-cEoLocrcAL sur- of Uranus' occultation of the sels, musicel instruments and la vsylng team formed by star, they held that lJranus' oracle bones have been found. some 100 peasants in central rings very likely consist a In old China, large tombs at this Province's Santai of site were plundered by imperial- Szechuan bulk of solid substances. The ists, leaving only few historical County, southwedt China, has main ring on which these relics. The recently excavated completed a survey of the area substances are densely distribut- tomb which escaped being plun- for a reservoir with a caPacitY dered is the most well-preserved 270 million cubic metres. Now ed is about 100 kilometres wide among the unearthed tombs of the of and its distance from the centre Yin Dynasty slave owners. designers are drawing uP blue- Jure 70, 1977 31 , prints based on the teagr's the time, the county decided..to help repair drillitrg machines or reliable data. train its own technical force assemble and maintain other lb among peasant 'builders machinery. t Over the past few years, the from n were on ir. peasants in China have survey- who then working Members of the team have nearly 100 * ed and designed an increasingly channels. A team of persisted in integrating theory i. was thus organized, with an L great number of aqueducts, with practice. To check against average age of 25. Most'of them x tunnels and channels in the the possibility of leakage, theY had a junior middle sdxiol-edu- made surveys of the cross f mountainous areas. field E' 6ation and Some had later section and flat surface of the * Santai County is located in a studied at water cons€rvancy areas around the reservoir and area hilly hit by drought nine construction sites or geological observations of the water tables years out,of After )L ten. libera- institutes in other places. of over 700 wells in the vicinitY. + tion, constant expansion of the Teachers and students of Ttrey also sank wells in the + Tuchiangyen + ancient irrigation geological engineering institutes valleys for the same purpose. In system nearby provided it with often came to giwe lectures on the last t#o years or so, theY n a source of water. So f the county engineering geologr, hydro- have dug nearly 7(X) wells and planned E to build a big reservoir geology and other subjects. tunaels and drawn over 230 iI capable of irrigating one-fourth 'Some departments provided geological maps. The poor and ll of its farmland. them with surplus materials and- lower-middle peasants affec- .r profession- factories {. In the absence of a equipment, wEile some tionately called them "our own fi. al geological surveying team at sent workers and technicians to technical force." I I )L = (Continued from p. 20.) sive situation in production and consolidated and developed the victories of the Great Prole- battle to open up and build the oilfield in the tarian Cultural Revolution. early 60s and the spirit of the Iron Man, and waged a tit-for-tat struggle against Lin Piao, Through the struggles against Lin Piao and Chen Po-ta and the "gang of four." the "gang of four," we have deepened our understanding tremendous historic After the Lin Piao anti:Party clique was of the significance the Great Cultural Revolution smashed in 1971, the Taching workers and staff of and the importance of ionsolidating the prole- and their families indignantly denounced' the tarian dictatorship, learnt skiil fighting crimes of this clique and tried to eliminate the the of capitalist-roaders and raised ability dis- pernicious influence of Lin Piao's counter-revo- the to tinguish genuine Marxism from sham Marxism. Iutionary revisionist line in Taching. The "gang of four" and their followers, however, forbade . Chairman Mao taught us: "The current the workers to criticize Lin Piao or criticize him Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is abso- in the light of the concrete conditions in Ta- Iutely necessary and most timely for consolidat- ching. Whoever did so was accused of "opposing ing the dictatorship of the proletariat, prevent- the Great Cultural Revolution" and "launch- ing capitalist restoration and building socialism." ing a counterattack." Disregarding the gang's If in the future there is anyone who wants 'uo highhandedness, the Taching workers and staff practise revisionism, and if there should grasped the ultra-Right essence of Lin Piao's emerge capitalist-roaders like the "gang of four" counter-revolutionary revisionist line and opposing Chairman Mao's proletarian revolu- launched a mass movement to criticize Lin Piao tionary line and opposing Chairman Hua and by comparing-their happy life in the new society the Party Central Committee headed by him, with their misery in the old. Through this mirss we, under the leadership of our wise leader criticism, they once again affirmed Taching's Chairman Hua, are determined to overthrow basic experience, implemented the various them by mobilizing the masses as we did in the proletarian policies of the Party, repulsed the Cultural Revolution, so that our socialist attack of the bourgeois forces, reversed the pas- motherland will not change its political colour.