THIRTY-FIRST CONGRESS MARCH 4, 1849, TO MARCH 3, 1851

FIRST SESSION—December 3, 1849, to September 30, 1850 SECOND SESSION—December 2, 1850, to March 3, 1851 SPECIAL SESSION OF THE SENATE—March 5, 1849, to March 23, 1849

VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES—MILLARD FILLMORE, 1 of New York PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE—DAVID R. ATCHISON, 2 of Missouri; WILLIAM R. KING, 3 of Alabama SECRETARY OF THE SENATE—ASBURY DICKINS, of North Carolina SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE SENATE—ROBERT BEALE, of Virginia

SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES—HOWELL COBB, 4 of Georgia CLERK OF THE HOUSE—THOMAS J. CAMPBELL, 5 of Tennessee; RICHARD M. YOUNG, 6 of Illinois SERGEANT AT ARMS OF THE HOUSE—NATHAN SARGENT, of Vermont; ADAM J. GLOSSBRENNER, 7 of Pennsylvania DOORKEEPER OF THE HOUSE—ROBERT E. HORNER, of New Jersey

ALABAMA CALIFORNIA 9 FLORIDA SENATORS SENATORS SENATORS William M. Gwin, 10 San Francisco David Levy Yulee, St. Augustine William R. King, Selma John C. Fremont, 11 San Francisco Jackson Morton, Pensacola Benjamin Fitzpatrick, Wetumpka REPRESENTATIVES AT LARGE REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE 8 Jeremiah Clemens, Huntsville Edward Gilbert, 12 San Francisco Edward C. Cabell, Tallahassee George W. Wright, 13 San Francisco REPRESENTATIVES GEORGIA William J. Alston, Linden CONNECTICUT SENATORS Henry W. Hilliard, Montgomery SENATORS J. Macpherson Berrien, Savannah Sampson W. Harris, Wetumpka Roger S. Baldwin, New Haven William C. Dawson, Greensboro Samuel W. Inge, Livingston Truman Smith, Litchfield REPRESENTATIVES David Hubbard, Kinlock REPRESENTATIVES Thomas Butler King, 14 Waynesville Williamson R. W. Cobb, Bellefonte 15 Loren P. Waldo, Tolland Joseph W. Jackson, Savannah Franklin W. Bowdon, Talladega Walter Booth, Meriden Marshall J. Wellborn, Columbus Allen F. Owen, Talbotton Chauncey F. Cleveland, Hampton Hugh A. Haralson, Lagrange ARKANSAS Thomas B. Butler, Norwalk Thomas C. Hackett, Rome Howell Cobb, Athens SENATORS DELAWARE Alexander H. Stephens, Crawfordville Solon Borland, Hot Springs SENATORS Robert Toombs, Washington William K. Sebastian, Helena Presley Spruance, Smyrna John Wales, Wilmington ILLINOIS REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE SENATORS Robert W. Johnson, Little Rock John W. Houston, Georgetown Stephen A. Douglas, Chicago

1 Became President upon the death of Zachary Taylor, adopted that day; Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts dalgo of February 2, 1848, and admitted as a State into July 10, 1850; Vice Presidency remained vacant until served as Speaker pro tempore on April 19, 1850. the Union September 9, 1850. March 4, 1853. 5 Reelected January 11, 1850; died April 13, 1850. 10 Took his seat September 10, 1850; term to expire, 2 Elected March 5, 1849, and again on March 16, 1849 6 Elected April 17, 1850. as determined by lot, March 3, 1855. (special session of the Senate). President-elect Zachary 7 Elected January 15, 1850. 11 Took his seat September 10, 1850; term to expire, Taylor having declined to take the oath of office on March 8 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Dixon H. as determined by lot, March 3, 1851. 12 4, 1849, because it was Sunday, the Senate was not in Lewis in preceding Congress, and took his seat December Took his seat September 11, 1850. session on that date. 13 Took his seat September 11, 1850. 3 6, 1849. 14 Elected May 6, 1850; July 11, 1850. 9 Resigned in 1850. 4 Elected December 22, 1849, upon the sixty-third viva Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to the 15 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Thom- voce vote and the first vote under a plurality resolution United States by Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hi- as Butler King, and took his seat March 4, 1850.

[ 138 ] THIRTY-FIRST CONGRESS 139

James Shields, 16 Belleville Pierre Soule´, New Orleans Alpheus Felch, Ann Arbor REPRESENTATIVES REPRESENTATIVES REPRESENTATIVES William H. Bissell, Belleville Emile La Se´re, New Orleans Alexander W. Buel, Detroit John A. McClernand, Shawneetown Charles M. Conrad, 19 New Orleans William Sprague, Kalamazoo Timothy R. Young, Marshall Henry A. Bullard, 20 New Orleans Kinsley S. Bingham, Kensington John Wentworth, Chicago John H. Harmanson, 21 Simmsport William A. Richardson, Quincy Alexander G. Penn, 22 Covington MISSISSIPPI Edward D. Baker, Galena Issac E. Morse, St. Martinville SENATORS Thomas L. Harris, Petersburg Henry S. Foote, Jackson MAINE Jefferson Davis, Palmyra SENATORS INDIANA REPRESENTATIVES James W. Bradbury, Augusta SENATORS Jacob Thompson, Oxford Hannibal Hamlin, Hampden Winfield S. Featherston, Houston Jesse D. Bright, Madison REPRESENTATIVES James Whitcomb, Indianapolis William McWillie, Camden Elbridge Gerry, Waterford Albert G. Brown, Gallatin REPRESENTATIVES Nathaniel S. Littlefield, Bridgeton Nathaniel Albertson, Greenville John Otis, Hallowell MISSOURI Cyrus L. Dunham, Salem Rufus K. Goodenow, Paris SENATORS John L. Robinson, Rushville Cullen Sawtelle, Norridgewock George W. Julian, Centerville Charles Stetson, Bangor Thomas H. Benton, St. Louis William J. Brown, Indianapolis Thomas J. D. Fuller, Calais David R. Atchison, Platte City Willis A. Gorman, Bloomington REPRESENTATIVES Edward W. McGaughey, Rockville MARYLAND James B. Bowlin, St. Louis Joseph E. McDonald, Crawfordsville SENATORS William V. N. Bay, Union Graham N. Fitch, Logansport James A. Pearce, Chestertown James S. Green, Canton Andrew J. Harlan, Marion Reverdy Johnson, 23 Baltimore Willard P. Hall, St. Joseph David Stewart, 24 Baltimore John S. Phelps, Springfield IOWA Thomas G. Pratt, 25 Annapolis NEW HAMPSHIRE SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES SENATORS Augustus C. Dodge, Burlington Richard J. Bowie, Rockville John P. Hale, Dover George W. Jones, Dubuque William T. Hamilton, Hagerstown Edward Hammond, Ellicotts Mills Moses Norris, Jr., Manchester REPRESENTATIVES Robert M. McLane, Baltimore REPRESENTATIVES 17 William Thompson, Mount Pleasant Alexander Evans, Elkton Amos Tuck, Exeter 18 Daniel F. Miller, Fort Madison John B. Kerr, Easton Charles H. Peaslee, Concord Shepherd Leffler, Burlington James Wilson, 32 Keene MASSACHUSETTS George W. Morrison, 33 Manchester KENTUCKY SENATORS Harry Hibbard, Bath SENATORS Daniel Webster, 26 Boston Joseph R. Underwood, Bowling Green Robert C. Winthrop, 27 Boston NEW JERSEY 28 Henry Clay, Lexington Robert Rantoul, Jr., Boston SENATORS John Davis, Worcester REPRESENTATIVES Jacob W. Miller, Morristown REPRESENTATIVES William L. Dayton, Trenton Linn Boyd, Cadiz 29 James L. Johnson, Owensboro Robert C. Winthrop, Boston REPRESENTATIVES Samuel A. Eliot, 30 Boston Finis E. McLean, Elkton Andrew K. Hay, Winslow James H. Duncan, Haverhill George A. Caldwell, Columbia William A. Newell, Allentown Charles Allen, Worcester John B. Thompson, Harrodsburg George Ashmun, Springfield Isaac Wildrick, Blairstown Daniel Breck, Richmond Julius Rockwell, Pittsfield John Van Dyke, New Brunswick Humphrey Marshall, Drennons Lick Horace Mann, West Newton James G. King, Hoboken Charles S. Morehead, Frankfort Orin Fowler, Fall River John C. Mason, Owingsville Joseph Grinell, New Bedford NEW YORK Richard H. Stanton, Maysville Daniel P. King, 31 South Danvers SENATORS Daniel S. Dickinson, Binghamton LOUISIANA MICHIGAN William H. Seward, Auburn SENATORS SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES Solomon W. Downs, Monroe Lewis Cass, Detroit John A. King, Jamaica

16 Although seated on March 6, 1849, his election was 19 Resigned August 17, 1850. 27 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by resignation of declared void on March 15, 1849, ‘‘He not having been 20 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Daniel Webster, and took his seat July 30, 1850. a citizen of the United States the term of years required Charles M. Conrad, and took his seat December 5, 1850. 28 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Daniel as a qualification to be a Senator of the United States 21 Died October 25, 1850. Webster, and took his seat February 22, 1851. at the commencement of the term for which he was elect- 22 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of John H. 29 Resigned July 30, 1850, having been appointed Sen- ed’’; subsequently elected for the term beginning March Harmanson, and took his seat December 30, 1850. ator. 4, 1849, and took his seat December 3, 1849; vacancy 23 Resigned March 7, 1849. 30 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Robert in this class from March 16, 1849, to December 2, 1849. 24 17 Election contested by Daniel F. Miller; served until Appointed to fill vacancy caused by resignation of C. Winthrop, and took his seat August 22, 1850. June 29, 1850, when the House declared that neither was Reverdy Johnson, and took his seat December 8, 1849. 31 Died July 25, 1850. entitled to the seat. 25 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of 32 Resigned September 9, 1850. 18 Unsuccessfully contested the election of William Reverdy Johnson, and took his seat January 14, 1850. 33 Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of James Thompson; subsequently elected by special election, and 26 Resigned July 22, 1850, having been appointed Sec- Wilson, and took his seat December 2, 1850; election un- took his seat December 20, 1850. retary of State. successfully contested by Jared Perkins. 140 Biographical Directory

NEW YORK—Continued Lewis D. Campbell, Hamilton John H. Clarke, Providence Robert C. Schenck, Dayton REPRESENTATIVES—Continued REPRESENTATIVES Moses B. Corwin, Urbana George G. King, Newport David A. Bokee, Brooklyn Emery D. Potter, Toledo Nathan F. Dixon, Westerly J. Phillips Phoenix, New York City Rodolphus Dickinson, 36 Lower Walter Underhill, New York City Sandusky SOUTH CAROLINA George Briggs, New York City Amos E. Wood, 37 Woodville James Brooks, New York City John Bell, 38 Fremont SENATORS William Nelson, Peekskill Jonathan D. Morris, Batavia John C. Calhoun, 44 Pendleton Ransom Halloway, Beekman John L. Taylor, Chillicothe Franklin H. Elmore, 45 Columbia Thomas McKissock, Newburgh Edson B. Olds, Circleville Robert W. Barnwell, 46 Beaufort Herman D. Gould, Delhi Charles Sweetser, Delaware R. Barnwell Rhett, 47 Charleston Peter H. Silvester, Coxsackie John K. Miller, Mount Vernon Andrew P. Butler, Edgefield Gideon Reynolds, Hoosick Samuel F. Vinton, Gallipolis REPRESENTATIVES John L. Schoolcraft, Albany William A. Whittlesey, Marietta Daniel Wallace, Union George R. Andrews, Ticonderoga Nathan Evans, Cambridge John R. Thurman, Chestertown James L. Orr, Anderson William F. Hunter, Woodsfield Joseph A. Woodward, Winnsboro Hugh White, Cohoes Moses Hoagland, Millersburg John McQueen, 48 Bennettsville Henry P. Alexander, Little Falls Joseph Cable, Carrollton Armistead Burt, Willington Preston King, Ogdensburg David K. Cartter, Massillon Charles E. Clarke, Great Bend John Crowell, Warren Isaac E. Holmes, Charleston Orsamus B. Matteson, Utica Joshua R. Giddings, Jefferson William F. Colcock, Grahamville Hiram Walden, Waldensville Joseph M. Root, Sandusky Henry Bennett, New Berlin TENNESSEE William Duer, Oswego PENNSYLVANIA SENATORS Daniel Gott, Pompey SENATORS Hopkins L. Turney, Winchester Harmon S. Conger, Cortland Daniel Sturgeon, Uniontown John Bell, Nashville William T. Jackson, Havana James Cooper, Pottsville REPRESENTATIVES William A. Sackett, Seneca Falls REPRESENTATIVES Abraham M. Schermerhorn, Rochester Andrew Johnson, Greeneville Robert L. Rose, Allens Hill Lewis C. Levin, Philadelphia Albert G. Watkins, Panther Springs David Rumsey, Jr., Bath Joseph R. Chandler, Philadelphia Josiah M. Anderson, Fairview Elijah Risley, Fredonia Henry D. Moore, Philadelphia John H. Savage, Smithville 39 Elbridge G. Spaulding, Buffalo John Robbins, Jr., Philadelphia George W. Jones, Fayetteville Harvey Putnam, Attica John Freedley, Norristown James H. Thomas, Columbia Lorenzo Burrows, Albion Thomas Ross, Doylestown Meredith P. Gentry, Franklin Jesse C. Dickey, New London Andrew Ewing, Nashville NORTH CAROLINA Thaddeus Stevens, Lancaster Isham G. Harris, Paris SENATORS William Strong, Reading Frederick P. Stanton, Memphis Milo M. Dimmick, Stroudsburg Willie P. Mangum, Red Mountain Christopher H. Williams, Lexington David Wilmot, Towanda George E. Badger, Raleigh Joseph Casey, New Berlin TEXAS REPRESENTATIVES Charles W. Pitman, Pottsville Thomas L. Clingman, Asheville Henry Nes, 40 York SENATORS Joseph P. Caldwell, Statesville Joel B. Danner, 41 Gettysburg Sam Houston, Huntsville Edmund Deberry, Mount Gilead James X. McLanahan, Chambersburg Thomas J. Rusk, Nacogdoches Augustine H. Shepperd, Salem Samuel Calvin, Hollidaysburg REPRESENTATIVES Abraham W. Venable, Brownsville Andrew J. Ogle, Somerset David S. Kaufman, 49 Sabine John R. J. Daniel, Halifax Job Mann, Bedford Volney E. Howard, San Antonio William S. Ashe, Wilmington Robert R. Reed, Washington Edward Stanly, Washington Moses Hampton, Pittsburgh VERMONT David Outlaw, Windsor John W. Howe, Franklin SENATORS James Thompson, Erie OHIO Alfred Gilmore, Butler Samuel S. Phelps, Middlebury SENATORS Chester P. Butler, 42 Wilkes-Barre William Upham, Montpelier Thomas Corwin, 34 Lebanon John Brisbin, 43 Wilkes-Barre REPRESENTATIVES Thomas Ewing, 35 Lancaster William Henry, Bellows Falls Salmon P. Chase, Cincinnati RHODE ISLAND William Hebard, Chelsea REPRESENTATIVES SENATORS George P. Marsh, 50 Burlington David T. Disney, Cincinnati Albert C. Greene, Providence James Meacham, 51 Middlebury

34 Resigned July 20, 1850, having been appointed Sec- 41 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Henry Nes, 47 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of John C. retary of the Treasury. and took his seat December 2, 1850. Calhoun, and took his seat January 6, 1851. 35 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by resignation of 42 Died October 5, 1850. 48 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Representa- Thomas Corwin, and took his seat July 27, 1850. 43 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Chester tive-elect Alexander D. Sims in preceding Congress. 36 Died March 20, 1849. P. Butler, and took his seat January 13, 1851. 49 Died January 31, 1851. 37 44 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Rodolphus Died March 31, 1850. 50 Resigned in 1849, having been appointed minister to Dickinson, and took his seat December 3, 1849; died No- 45 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by death of John Turkey. vember 19, 1850. C. Calhoun, and took his seat May 6, 1850; died May 51 38 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Amos E. 29, 1850. Elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation of George Wood, and took his seat January 7, 1851. 46 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by deaths of John P. Marsh, and took his seat December 3, 1849. 39 Election unsuccessfully contested by John S. Littell. C. Calhoun and Franklin H. Elmore, and took his seat 40 Died September 10, 1850. June 24, 1850. THIRTY-FIRST CONGRESS 141

Lucius B. Peck, Montpelier Jeremiah Morton, Raccoon Ford Orsamus Cole, Potosi Richard Parker, Berryville James Duane Doty, Menasha VIRGINIA James McDowell, Lexington SENATORS Henry A. Edmundson, Salem James M. Mason, Winchester Fayette McMullen, Rye Cove TERRITORY OF Robert M. T. Hunter, Lloyds James M. H. Beale, Point Pleasant MINNESOTA 54 52 REPRESENTATIVES Alexander Newman, Wheeling DELEGATE Thomas S. Haymond, 53 Fairmount John S. Millson, Norfolk Henry H. Sibley, 55 Mendota Richard K. Meade, Petersburg WISCONSIN Thomas H. Averett, Halifax Thomas S. Bocock, Appomattox SENATORS TERRITORY OF OREGON 56 Paulus Powell, Amherst Henry Dodge, Dodgeville James A. Seddon, Richmond Isaac P. Walker, Milwaukee DELEGATE Thomas H. Bayly, Accomac REPRESENTATIVES Samuel R. Thurston, 57 Linn City Alexander R. Holladay, Mansfield Charles Durkee, Kenosha

52 Died September 8, 1849, before Congress assembled. admitted to statehood (May 29, 1848), and granted a Dele- the treaty with Spain of February 22, 1819, and the treaty 53 Elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Alexander gate in Congress. with Great Britain of June 15, 1846, and granted a Dele- Newman, and took his seat December 3, 1849. 55 Took his seat December 3, 1849. gate in Congress. 54 Formed March 3, 1849, from the portion of Wisconsin 56 Formed August 14, 1848, from territory ceded to the 57 Took his seat December 3, 1849. Territory remaining after the State of Wisconsin had been United States by the treaty with France of April 30, 1803,